Who is Steve Jobs by education. Steve Jobs

Zodiac sign: Pisces

Place of birth: San Francisco, USA

Height: 188

Occupation: entrepreneur, pioneer of the era of IT technologies, founder of Apple, NeXT and Pixar

Marital status: married

Father : biological:
Abdulfattah "John" Jandali (b. 1931)
foster:
Paul Reingold Jobs (1922-1993)

Mother: biological:
Joan Carol Schieble (b. 1932)
reception:
Clara Jobs (Hagopian) (1924-1986)

Children :O t Chris Ann Brennan:

• Lisa Brennan-Jobs (born 1978),

from Lauren Powell:

• Reed Jobs (born 1991),
• Erin Jobs (born 1995),
• Eve Jobs (b. 1998)

Steve Jobs: biography

Today's issue is dedicated to the great entrepreneur of the previous and our generations - Steven Paul Jobs.

For those who prefer watching a documentary rather than reading, you can find out detailed information about the life of Steve Jobs from the video provided. This is the best thing I found on YouTube. I hope you find it very interesting.

Abdulfatt Jandali's father, a Syrian by birth, held the position of teaching assistant at the University of Wisconsin. Mother Joan Schieble, a German by nationality, was a student at the same educational institution. The young people were not married, as the girl’s family was against their relationship. That is why Stephen's mother was forced to give birth in a private California clinic. After which he gives the child to foster parents to raise.

Steve was adopted by Paul Jobs and his wife Clara, who could not have their own children. The only requirement of the biological mother was that the boy should receive a higher education.

Two years later, Steve had a sister, Patty, who was also adopted. After some time, the family leaves San Francisco and stops in the town of Mountain View. In these parts, Paul Jobs found a job without any problems; he was an auto mechanic. It was necessary to raise money to pay for college for the children. Steve's father wanted to instill his son's interest in mechanics, but young Jobs was much more attracted to electronics. With all this, Mountain View was a center of high technology. One way or another, this is where the journey of a great entrepreneur begins.

Elementary school was not an easy test for Steve; the boy had problems with teachers, although he was quite an intelligent student. Even in those years, Jobs Jr. thought that the education system was boring, formal and soulless. But everything changed when one of the teachers was able to find an approach to the restless prankster. As a result, the boy began to study diligently and was able to skip two grades.

During his school years, Steve was interested in radio electronics and went to the corresponding circle. Among his inventions in his early years, one can highlight an electronic frequency meter, which he assembled himself. Thanks to his communication skills and his abilities, Steve Jobs worked for some time on an assembly line at the famous Hewlett-Packard company.

At the age of 16, like many other teenagers, the guy began to have conflicts with his parents, mainly with his father. The reason for the disagreement was Steve's passion for hippie culture, the music of Bob Dylan and The Beatles; Jobs Jr. also loved to smoke marijuana and used LSD.

At the same time, Stephen met Stephen Wozniak, who was 5 years older than him. The guys quickly became best friends, as they understood each other without difficulty, and they were both interested in computers and electronics.

It didn't take long before Jobs and Wozniak's first joint invention appeared. In high school they made a device they called a blue box that allowed them to make free phone calls. The essence of the invention was that the guys were able to find an approach to hacking the telephone network by selecting tone signals.

At first it was just fun, but then Stephen realized that he could make money from it. Their shop quickly closed, but the understanding that electronics brings money and the taste of excitement remained.

1972 Steve Jobs enters the private liberal arts college Reed College. The training schedule is very busy, so students had to devote a lot of time to preparation and classes.

After 6 months of training, Jobs could not stand it and quit college, seeing no point in wasting his time. During this period, his biography of a young man was much more attracted to Eastern spiritual practices, Zen Buddhism and vegetarianism.

Apple Company

Steven Jobs begins his work as a technician at the young company Atapi. She was engaged in the production of computer games.

During the same period, Wozniak was working on creating and improving boards for a personal computer, not yet for sale. But after a little time, Jobs began to get a picture of what could happen if he started selling such boards.

And so Steve invites his friend to create a joint computer company, which will later become the legendary Apple company. Below I give you the opportunity to watch a biographical film in which you can trace in more detail how the steps were carried out to create and implement computers.

While working on the first version of the Apple I computer, Jobs showed himself to be an authoritarian, tough, partly tyrannical, but at the same time a skillful leader.

The first development was primitive and more like an electronic typewriter.

And in 1976, Wozniak tried hard and created a new board that could work with color, sound, and could connect external media. Some may think that success came only thanks to Wozniak, however, we must not forget about the incredible organizational skills of Steve Jobs. He put a lot of effort into promoting the device and getting people to buy computers that weren't in great demand.

Steve was very critical of even the smallest design details. Thanks to him, the Apple II was equipped with a beautiful plastic case and a miniature appearance. Jobs was smart and understood what was required of him. For example, he hired professional advertising specialist Regis McKenna, and everyone started talking about the new computer.

Then the Apple III, Apple Lisa and Macintosh were developed. Judging by its financial position, the company rapidly developed and prospered. But, if you look at the picture at first glance, it was clear that there was discord in the company at the highest level. Constant scandals and strife, occurring largely due to the difficult character of Steven Jobs.

NeXT and Pixar

All the litigation led to Jobs being suspended from work!

1984 - Jobs leaves his own company. But he does not lose heart, but on the contrary, quickly organizes a new company, NeXT Computer. From this manufacturer the market received only advanced new products that no one else had. But at their price they were not available to the majority of consumers.

At the same time, Steve Jobs buys Pixar studio from George Lucas for $5 million. The main idea was to use animated films to advertise the capabilities of NeXT computers.

But when the cartoon “Tin Toy” was released in 1987 and won an Oscar, Jobs realized that he needed to work in a different direction. Later, this studio created such famous full-length animated films as “The Incredibles”, “Cars”, “Ratatouille”, “Finding Nemo”, “Toy Story”, “Monsters Inc.”, “WALL-E”, “Brave” and others.

2006 Steve sells Pixar to Disney for a whopping $7.5 billion. Despite all this, he remained a shareholder.

Undoubtedly, this is one of the greatest entrepreneurs of mankind. And Pixar's cartoons are incredible.

Return to Apple

20th of December 1996 of the year Apple buys NeXT for $429 million, and Steve Jobs returns to Apple and becomes an advisor to the chairman.

A new development and achievement of Jobs's tenure is the serial production of the iMac all-in-one computer, which attracts everyone with its unusual futuristic design.

This miracle device broke all sales figures in the company's history. In addition, a third of buyers were not previously computer users. All this says only one thing: thanks to the development, a new consumer market has emerged. Steve was absolutely incredible!

The second successful step is the creation of the Apple Store, a network of retail stores around the world , who were engaged in the sale of Apple equipment.

So what made Steve Jobs unique? He not only kept up with the times, but he himself created a new time and dictated the laws of fashion in the IT industry.

For example, a businessman did not miss the opportunity and set up the production of miniature, but at the same time, functional and perfect devices.

• iTunes media player;
• Music player iPod;
• Touch mobile phone iPhone;
• Internet tablet iPad.

Yes, these devices are unrivaled around the world, but they were also released to the market earlier than their analogues, which leaves no chance for any of the manufacturers.

Have you ever heard of Russians mourning an American entrepreneur? I'm not, but it happened!

Many books have been written about Steve Jobs and many films have been made. I showed you a couple of them above.

Books about Jobs:

• Steve Jobs and Me (I, Woz) / The True Story of Apple. Gina Smith, Steve Wozniak.
• Steve Jobs. Leadership lessons. Authors: Jay Elliott, William Simon.
• iKona. Geoffrey Young, William Simon
• Steve Jobs in first person. George Beam.
• Steve Jobs. Walter Isaacson.
• Jobs' rules. Universal principles of success from the founder of Apple. Carmine Gallo.
• Behind the scenes of Apple or the secret life of Jobs. Daniel Lyons.
• Steve Jobs about business. 250 quotes from a man who changed the world. Alan Thomas.
• iPresentation. Lessons in persuasion from Apple leader Steve Jobs. Carmine Gallo.
• Becoming Steve Jobs. The rise of Steve Jobs. Authors: Brent Schlender, Rick Tetzeli.
• A man who thought differently. Karen Blumenthal.
• What is Steve thinking? Lander Kenny.

I recommend watching this movie:

Film "iGenius: How Steve Jobs Changed the World"(“iGenius: How Steve Jobs Changed the World”).

Personal life

You can understand how things were with Steve’s personal life by watching the movie “Jobs. Empire of Temptation”, the second video in this article.

Young Steve was loving, as befits the hippie culture. The first woman he loved was Chris Ann Brennan. Their relationship was not easy, it was complex, the couple often quarreled and even separated.

What is Steve Jobs famous for? What is his biography? What is the story of the biopic "Steve Jobs" and the book of the same name?

Hello, dear readers of the HeatherBeaver online magazine! Edward and Dmitry are with you.

Our article is dedicated to a man whose name has already become a legend. This is Steve Jobs, an American entrepreneur, pioneer of IT technologies, founder of the largest corporation on the planet, Apple.

So, let's begin!

1. Who is Steve Jobs - biography, official Wikipedia data, success story

Steven Paul Jobs is a gifted businessman, inventor, workaholic and a man who set the direction for the development of modern digital technologies for many years to come.

He looked at the world in his own way and was always guided by indestructible ideals, which helped him achieve fantastic success.

As a talented engineer and pioneer of the era of IT technologies, he made several revolutions in different areas of our lives. Thanks to Steve Jobs, the world has become more perfect, more harmonious and more convenient.

His achievements are varied and numerous:

• he founded Apple, which later became a mega-corporation and the most valuable company in the world;
• created personal computers as we use them today;
• improved the graphical interface and management of computer devices;
• was directly involved in the creation of iPads, iPods (new generation digital music players) and iPhones;
• founded the new generation animation film studio Pixar, which currently produces cartoons for Disney.

We will definitely talk about all these projects in the relevant sections of this article, but let’s start in order - with the biography of this amazing person.

Biography of Steve Jobs

The year of birth of our hero is 1955. Place is San Francisco, California. Jobs' biological parents (Syrian and German by birth) abandoned their son a week after his birth. The child was adopted by a couple from Mountain View, who gave him their last name.

Steve's adoptive father was an auto mechanic by profession: he repaired old cars and tried to instill in his son a love of mechanics. Steve was not inspired by working in the garage, but it was through car repair that he became acquainted with the basics of electronics.

Stephen also didn’t particularly like school, which affected his behavior. Only one teacher named Hill noticed extraordinary abilities in the boy; the rest of the teaching staff considered him a mischief maker and a slacker.

Miss Hill managed to stimulate Steve's thirst for knowledge with bribes in the form of sweets and money. Soon, Jobs was so attracted to the learning process that he began to strive for education on his own, without additional encouragement.

Result: brilliantly passed exams, which allowed the boy to move from 4th grade directly to seventh.

Steve Jobs saw the first personal computer (a programmable calculator, primitive in modern times) at the Hewlett-Packard research club, where his neighbor, an engineer, invited him.

The thirteen-year-old teenager became a member of a circle of inventors: his first project was a digital frequency counter, which interested the founder of HP himself, Bill Hewlett.

The hobbies of that time were not alien to the young inventor - he talked with hippies, listened to Bob Dylan and the Beatles, and even used LSD, which caused conflicts with his father.

Soon he had an older comrade, Steve Wozniak, who became a friend for life and largely determined the fate of the young genius.

The pair's first joint project was a device called the Blue Box, which allowed them to crack phone codes and make free phone calls around the world.

Jobs proposed organizing the mass production and sale of these devices, and Wozniak improved and simplified the scheme of the invention.

This story laid the foundations for many years of collaboration between two geniuses: Wozniak invents some revolutionary thing, and Jobs determines its market potential and implements it.

Further stages of the long journey: college, work at Atari, a company developing computer games, a trip to India in search of enlightenment (a fashionable youth hobby of those years).

And finally, the revolutionary event that occurred in 1976 was the creation of a personal computer by Steve Wozniak, at the initiative of Jobs.

The model turned out to be so successful that friends decided to start mass production. This is how the Apple company was born, which managed to maintain a leading position in the computer technology market for 10 years.

In 1985, the “founding fathers” left the parent corporation and took up other projects. The hero of our article created the hardware company NeXT, and later became one of the founders of the Pixar animation studio (another revolutionary project).

In 1996, Jobs returned to Apple, sold the Pixar studio to Disney, but remained on the board of directors. In 2001, Jobs introduced the first model of the iPod to the public - the device was a fantastic success in the market and multiplied the corporation's revenues.

In 2004, Jobs made a public statement about health problems - he was diagnosed with a pancreatic tumor. For 7 years, he managed to fight the disease with varying success, but in October 2011, the life of the brilliant entrepreneur and IT revolutionary was cut short.

2. The main projects of Steve Jobs - TOP 5 most famous inventions

The author of many of the developments attributed to Jobs was Stephen Wozniak. However, it is believed that it was Jobs who inspired the brilliant engineer and the person who brought his crude and unfinished inventions to fruition.

It was precisely this scheme that the partners worked on, creating a new market for personal computers in 1976. Wozniak translated technical ideas into reality, Jobs adapted them to sales, working as a marketer and head of the company.

Project 1. Apple

The debut model of a new generation personal computer was called Apple I: within a year, 200 devices were sold at a price of $666.66. For 1976, the number is quite decent, but sales of Apple-II exceeded this result tens of times.

The emergence of serious investors made the new company the sole leader in the computer market. This situation lasted until the mid-80s: both Stephens (Wozniak and Jobs) by this time became millionaires.

Fun fact: software for Apple computers was developed by another company that later became the leader of the digital universe - Microsoft. The brainchild of Bill Gates was created six months later than Apple.

Project 2. Macintosh

Macintosh is a line of personal computers developed by Apple. Their release was made possible thanks to a contract between Apple and Xerox.

Almost the entire modern interface familiar to us (windows, virtual buttons controlled by pressing keys on the mouse) arose precisely thanks to this commercial agreement.

It can be said that the Macintosh (Mac) was the first personal computing device in the modern sense. The first device of this line was released in 1984.

The computer mouse has become the main working tool. Before this, all machine processes were controlled using commands typed on the keyboard.

Working on a computer required knowledge of programming languages ​​and other special skills: now the device could be controlled by anyone, regardless of education.

Steve Jobs created each of his devices as convenient as possible for people, and the Mac was no exception.

At that time, there were not even the closest analogues of Macintosh computers on the planet that were comparable to them in terms of technological capabilities. Almost immediately after the release of the first machine in the series, Apple production was discontinued.

Project 3. NeXT Computer

Jobs began creating the latest generation of computers after leaving Apple in the mid-80s. The first batch of new devices went on sale in 1989.

The cost of the computers was quite high ($6,500), so the machines were supplied only to leading US universities in limited editions.

Soon demand for Next computers became widespread, and modified versions went on sale at retail.

Interesting fact

The OS, which was called NeXTSTEP, included: an Oxford dictionary, a thesaurus, and a set of Shakespeare's works. These digital additions were the forerunners of modern e-readers.

In 1990, the second generation of computers was released, supplemented by a multimedia communications system. The innovation opened up limitless possibilities for communication between device owners and made it possible to exchange graphic, text and audio information.

Project 4. iPod iPad and iPhone

In the late 90s, Apple, where Jobs returned, experienced some stagnation. The impetus for development came from an unexpected direction: the company’s new application product, the iPod player for playing digital music, began to enjoy enormous popularity.

The advantages of the new device were truly impressive:

• aesthetic and stylish design;
• convenient control and interface;
• synchronization with iTunes - a media player for playing music and movies online.

The first players came out in 2001 and immediately became a bestseller. Commercial success significantly improved the financial position of the company, which made it possible to engage in further developments.

In 2007, Jobs presented another new product to the public - a smartphone running on iOS. The new device was called the iPhone and was a modified communications device - a combination of a telephone, a media player and a personal computer.

Time magazine declared the iPhone the invention of the year. Over the next 5 years, more than 250 million original iPhone copies were sold worldwide, bringing the corporation a profit of $150 billion.

In 2010, Apple released the iPad, a digital tablet that was designed to replace laptops and personal computers.

The new device was primarily intended for convenient use of the Internet, and due to its larger size than a telephone or iPhone, the iPad became very popular especially among connoisseurs of other Apple products and its founding father, Steve Jobs.

This invention also became successful and the new fashion for Internet tablets was picked up by other companies producing digital devices.

Project 5.

One of Apple's divisions was developing software for working with graphics and producing short animated films. Jobs intended to use the power of a workstation called Pixar Image to create programs that would allow anyone to create realistic three-dimensional images.

However, the consumer was not interested in 3D modeling, and the department's capabilities were directed in a different direction. The studio began creating cartoons. One of them (“Tin Toy”) was unexpectedly nominated for an Oscar. A new type of computer animation interested the Disney studio.

The famous film company entered into an agreement with Pixar on cooperation and production of the film Toy Story: the conditions were unfavorable for the animators, but the studio was on the verge of bankruptcy at that time. The film brought recognition, fame and multimillion-dollar profits to the studio.

Perhaps, today the majority of people, when it comes to an apple, will first of all think not about the fruit, but about the largest corporation, a well-known brand, a technology giant - the Apple Corporation.

Yes, indeed, it is true; people who do not know about the existence of the products of this American company and do not dream of a laptop, tablet or smartphone made by Apple probably no longer exist today.

But the history of the modern giant began with an ordinary garage and with founder of Apple, a simple guy Steve Jobs.

Steve's childhood and adolescence

Steve was born in 1955, and his parents were students who were not even married. Considering life's difficulties, problems with parents and many other factors, the biological parents were forced to give the boy up for adoption. This is how the future billionaire ended up in the family of Paul and Carla Jobs, people whom in the future he called his real parents.

It was Paul who introduced his son to the basics of electronics as a child, which greatly attracted the boy and gave him his main hobby and passion for his entire subsequent life.

Jobs almost skipped elementary school due to his extraordinary knowledge. And thanks to an offer from the director, I skipped several grades, going straight to high school.

Friendship with Steve Wozniak

At the age of fifteen, Steve developed a friendship with one of his classmates at his new school, whose name was Bill Fernandez. He, like Steve, was interested in electronics, but that was not why this meeting became such a significant moment. Bill had a friend who was almost more passionate about technology and innovation than Jobs himself. And it was Steve Wozniak. Over time, Bill introduced the two namesakes and this subsequently made them best friends.

iOS from Apple is

Cool!Sucks

Crucial moment

In 1971, a turning point occurred in Jobs’ life, which made him understand that electronics could bring in quite serious money without simply being a kind of hobby, a hobby.

All this happened because of a very interesting story, which, by the way, became the first business project of the two Steves. Then the guys were able to invent the so-called “Blue Box”, which imitated the sounds of a payphone tone. Thanks to the use of the product, it was possible to make completely free calls from payphones anywhere in the world.

The guys quickly realized that they could make good money with such a device and soon began selling them to their peers for $150.

A year later, Jobs entered Reed College, where he met Daniel Kotke. The Apple founder dropped out of college six months later, but Daniel remained his best friend along with Wozniak.

Apple I

In 1975, Wozniak created the “Homemade Computers” club, where meetings were held for everyone. Soon Steve joined in too. Over time, such meetings resulted in the creation of the first Apple computer of its kind.

The presentation of this computer was carried out already when the club was significantly expanded, and even moved its meetings to university premises. After the presentation, the person interested in purchasing the computer was Paul Terrell, who offered Jobs one of the main and first deals in his life: he immediately requested 50 of these fully equipped computers, for which the entrepreneur was ready to pay $500.

Work on computers was carried out in the garage of the Jobs family, and all available forces and acquaintances were involved in it. Daniel and the two Steves worked around the clock to build the computers to complete the order within a month.

The completed order was successfully delivered, and with the money saved, the guys assembled a new batch of computers. It was a success that eventually led to the creation of the Apple Corporation.

Thus began the story of such an influential person who will forever remain in the history of not only the industry of innovation and technology, but also of all humanity.

Steve Jobs.

Businessman, engineer, founder and executive director of the world famous corporation Apple Inc. This man played a key role in the development of the computer industry. Today we will talk about him. About Steven Paul Jobs. About how this outstanding man was able to achieve fantastic heights in business, despite all the difficulties and trials fate had in store for him.

Steve Jobs, the path to success

Steve was born in San Francisco, the son of an American, Joan Carol Schible, and Abdulfattah John Jandali, a Syrian by birth. Steve was born on February 24, 1955. When the boy was only seven days old, his parents decided to abandon the child.

The boy was adopted by the Jobs family from Mountain View, California. His adoptive mother Clara, an accountant and his adoptive father Paul, a mechanic at a laser manufacturing company, were the ones who raised the boy and gave him the name that will go down in business history, Steven Paul Jobs.

As a child, Jobs was such a daredevil that he was close to becoming a juvenile delinquent. He was expelled from school after third grade. The turning point in Steve's life was his transfer to another school, thanks to a talented teacher who was able to get along with him. Under the influence of the teacher, the bully came to his senses and began to study.

The method of motivation, of course, was not new; Jobs received money from the teacher for completing tasks correctly. The amounts are not large, but more than enough for a fourth grader. As a result, Steve's academic performance improved to such an extent that he skipped fifth grade and entered high school.

Steve Jobs' childhood and youth

At the age of twelve, being a rather brash teenager, Steve pulled another trick by calling the home of William Hewlett, who at the time served as president of the Hawlett-Packard Company. Jobs was building an electrical frequency indicator for his high school physics class and was missing a few parts: “My name is Steve Jobs, and I was wondering if you had spare parts that I could use to build a frequency counter.”

They chatted for almost half an hour, Hewlett promising to send the parts Jobs needed. William Hewlett also offered Steve Jobs a summer internship in his company, in the very company under whose roof the entire Silicon Valley industry was born.

During his internship at Hawlett-Packard, Jobs met a man whose friendship became a defining moment in his life. This man is Stephen Wozniak, who ended up working at Hawlett-Packard after giving up boring lectures at Berkeley, University of California.

Wozniak was passionate about radio engineering, so working in such a company was much more interesting to him than boring studies. At the age of just 13, Stephen Wozniak built a rather complex calculator.

At the time of his acquaintance with Steve Jobs, Wozniak was already thinking about the concept of a personal computer, although at that time none of them existed. The young people had very different characters, but despite this, they quickly found a common language.

A couple of years later, when Jobs was already 16, he and Voznik met the then famous hacker, Captain Crunch. Crunch shared with them the secrets of his trade, such as using the sounds made by the whistle that came with Captain Crunch cereal to outsmart the switching device and make phone calls around the world absolutely free.

Shortly thereafter, Stephen Wozniak designed the first device that imitated the sounds of Crunch's whistle and also allowed free calls to anywhere in the world. He called this device “Blue Box.” Steve Jobs took over the implementation of the product.

Blue Boxes were very popular among students and sold for $150 each. Amazing, given that the cost of the “box” was about $40. Despite the popularity of the device, the guys were not able to achieve much success. It all started with problems with the police, and then some bandit threatened Jobs with a gun so that he would shut down the “blue box business.”

After graduating from high school in 1972, Jobs attended Reed College in Portland, Oregon. After the first semester, he dropped out, explaining his decision this way: “I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my parents’ savings went towards paying for college.

Six months later, I didn't see the point. I had absolutely no idea what I was going to do with my life, and I didn't understand how college would help me figure it out. I was pretty scared at the time, but looking back, I realize it was one of the best decisions I’ve ever made in my life.”

After Jobs dropped out of college, he focused entirely on the things that really interested him. However, it was not easy for him to remain a free listener at the university.

Here's what Jobs himself says about that time: “Not everything was so romantic. I slept on the floor in my friends' room, since I didn't have my own dorm room. To get food for myself, I handed over empty soda bottles, then they paid five cents apiece. Once a week, on Sundays, I went to the Hare Krishna temple to have a normal meal, this temple is located on the other side of the city, I walked about 7 miles...”

Jobs's survival on campus continued for another eighteen months after his expulsion. Steve returned to California in the fall of 1974, where he again met an old friend, technical genius Stephen Wozniak.

On Woz's recommendation, Steve got a job at Atari as a technician. Atari was a manufacturer of popular video games. Jobs didn't make any plans at that time; all he wanted was to save enough money to go to India.

There is nothing surprising in the choice of the country, because Steve Jobs’ youth occurred during the heyday of the hippie movement, with all the ensuing consequences. Jobs had a habit of using recreational drugs such as LSD and marijuana.

It is interesting that many years later, Jobs, having already gotten rid of this habit, does not at all repent of using LSD; moreover, Steve considers this one of the most significant periods in his life, which changed his worldview.

Atari paid for Steve's trip to India, on the condition that he also visit Germany, where production problems need to be resolved. Steve did an excellent job with this task.

On his trip to India, Steve was accompanied by his friend, Dan Kottke. Arriving in India, Jobs immediately exchanged all his belongings for the tattered clothes of a beggar. Steve set himself the goal of making a pilgrimage across the country, completely relying on the help of strangers he accidentally met along the way.

The adventure was not easy, a couple of times Jobs and Kottke were on the verge of death, the reason for this was the harsh climate of India. Contrary to expectations, meetings with the guru did not bring enlightenment to Steve. Despite this, the trip left a deep imprint on the heart and mind of Jobs, because it was in India that he learned what real poverty was, which was completely different from the one played by the hippies of Silicon Valley.

Upon returning to length, Steve Jobs continued his career at Atari. Some time later, Steve Jobs was entrusted with the work of creating a full-fledged slot machine for the BreakOut game developed by the company.

As Nolan Bushnell, who is the founder of Atari, said, Steve Jobs was asked to reduce the number of chips on boards to a minimum, and for each chip removed from the circuit he would receive $100. Due to the fact that Steve was not strong in building electronic circuit boards, he offered cooperation to his friend, Stephen Woznik, for a 50% premium.

Everyone at the company was shocked when Steve Jobs presented them with a board from which 50 chips had been removed. Stephen Wozniak developed a circuit so dense that mass production was impossible. Jobs told Steven that the company only paid $700, when in fact it paid $5,000, and Wozniak received his $350.

Apple founded

Stephen Wozniak presented the finished model of the Personal Computer to the management of Hawlett-Packard in 1975. It’s strange, but the company’s management was not interested in the development of their engineer, perhaps due to the fact that at that time computers were imagined only in the form of huge iron cabinets filled with electronic components.

They were then used only in big business or at military installations. Home personal computers were not even dreamed of. Atari also refused to help Stephen Wozniak due to the “lack of commercial prospects in the new product.”

It was then that Steve Jobs made a fateful decision - he convinced Stephen Wozniak and another Atari employee, draftsman Ronald Wayne, to open their own business and devote it to the development and production of PCs. Jobs, Wozniak and Wayne founded Apple Computer Co. as a partnership on April 1, 1976. This date became the starting point of Apple history.

Like Hawlett-Packard, Apple began in a garage owned by Steve Jobs' adoptive father. He supported his son and his partners, even pulled in a giant wooden machine; this machine played the role of the first “assembly line” in the history of the corporation.

Of course, the young company required initial capital; the funds were raised by the sale of Steve Jobs' minibus; Wozniak, in turn, sold his favorite programmable calculator from Hawlett-Packard. The company's starting capital was $1,300.

Wayne designed the company's very first logo, which honestly looked more like a sketch than a logo. The drawing was of Sir Isaac Newton and an apple falling on his head. Subsequently, as you know, the logo was noticeably simplified.

The first large order was received from a local electronics store, an order for 50 PCs. The funds available to the start-up company were not enough to purchase the parts necessary for assembly in large quantities. Jobs found a solution; he persuaded suppliers to provide the necessary materials on credit for a period of 30 days.

Having received the necessary components, Wozniak, Wayne and Jobs began assembling the machines in the evenings. Within 10 days the entire batch was delivered to the store. The first computer was called Apple 1, it was sold at a price of 666.66% $, since Stephen Wozniak really liked numbers consisting of identical digits.

Despite the fact that the start-up company so quickly received and successfully completed its first large order, Ronald Wayne lost faith in the company's success and decided to leave the game. Wayne left the company, selling his 10% share to his partners for $800. Wayne later commented on his decision: “Jobs is a hurricane of energy and focus. I was already too disappointed in life to rush through it on this hurricane.”

In any case, the company needed development. Already in the fall of the same year, Wozniak completed work on the Apple 2 prototype, which became the first Personal Computer in the world to be put into mass production. It had a plastic body, a floppy disk reader, and supported color graphics.

In order to ensure successful sales of the computer, Steve Jobs launched an advertising campaign and the development of attractive PC packaging, which clearly showed the company's new Apple logo, Jobs' favorite fruit.

The logo indicated that the Apple 2 supported color graphics. Later, the ex-president of several structural divisions and, in fact, the founder of Be, Inc., Jean-Louis-Gase, spoke about the logo: “It was impossible to dream of a more suitable logo: it embodied aspiration, hope, knowledge, and anarchy...”

At that time, no one had released anything like this; the very idea of ​​a personal computer for private use was very skeptically accepted by big businessmen. The result of this reaction to the new product was the difficulty in finding financing for the release of Apple 2. Hewlett-Pckard and Atari again refused Apple financing, although they called the project “fun.”

Still, there were those who supported the idea of ​​​​creating a computer accessible to the masses. Don Valentine, a famous financier, introduced Jobs to the equally famous venture capitalist Armas Clif "Mike" Markkula. Mike helped aspiring businessmen draw up a business plan and invested $92 thousand from his personal savings into the young company.

Markkula also helped secure a quarter-million dollar line of credit with BankofAmeica. This help allowed the two Steves to "get out of the garage." Production volumes increased significantly, the staff expanded, and finally, the fundamentally new Apple 2 was launched into mass production.

The success of Apple 2 can only be described as grandiose: the latest development was swept off the shelves and bought up in hundreds and thousands of copies. It’s amazing, because at that time, the volume of the global PC market did not exceed 10,000 units. In 1980, Apple Computer Company gained recognition as a computer manufacturer. The company's staff included several hundred people, and exports of products outside the United States were launched.

The same week in 1980 as John Lennon's murder, Apple Computer went public. The company's shares were sold out in record time, within one hour! Already by this moment, Steve Jobs has become one of the richest Americans, his popularity is growing every day, because he is a simple young guy who, without education, suddenly became a millionaire, this is the American dream...

The personal computer instantly became part of the everyday life of residents of developed countries. Over a couple of decades, PCs have become indispensable assistants in organizational, communication, production, educational and other technological and social areas of human activity.

The words spoken by Jobs in the early 80s turned out to be prophetic: “This decade marked the first date between Society and the computer. And for some crazy reason, we were in the right place at the right time to do everything to make this novel flourish.” Thus began the computer revolution.

Project Macintosh

In December 1979, Xerox (XRX) gave Steve Jobs and several other Apple employees access to its Palo Alto research center. There, Steve first saw Xerox's prototype Alto PC, which used a graphical interface that allowed the user to issue specific commands to the computer by hovering the cursor over one of the graphical objects shown on the monitor.

According to colleagues, the development he saw impressed Jobs, after which he began to claim that all future computers would use this technology. This reaction is understandable, because the new product contained three things through which the path to the user’s heart lies. Steve Jobs was amazed by the simplicity, ease of use and aesthetics of the new product, and set himself the goal of creating such a computer.

At that time, the company had been developing a new Lisa computer for several months, which received this name in honor of the daughter of Steve Jobs. Jobs' goal was to create a computer that cost two thousand dollars. However, now Jobs was haunted by the idea of ​​​​implementing a revolutionary new product, which he saw within the walls of the Xerox research center.

This desire cast doubt on whether the originally planned price of $2,000 would remain unchanged. Soon, Apple President Michael Scott removed Jobs from the Lisa project. Steve Jobs became chairman of the board of directors, and the project was headed by another employee.

Jobs, removed from work on the Lisa project, focused his attention on a small project of the talented engineer Jef Raskin. Previously, Steve made repeated attempts to close this project. Raskin's main idea was to develop an inexpensive computer, costing about $1000. The engineer named the development Macintosh after his favorite apple variety, McInosh.

The PC was supposed to be a device that included a monitor, keyboard and system unit. That is, the consumer could buy a computer that was ready to use. An interesting fact is that Raskin did not recognize the need for a computer mouse and did not plan to use it for the Macintosh.

Steve persuaded Raskin to appoint him as head of the project. Jobs immediately intervened in the development of the Macintosh computer, he ordered Raskin to use the Motorola 68000 processor in it, the same processor that was supposed to be used in the Lisa project. This was done due to the fact that Jobs wanted to port the Lisa graphical interface to the Macintosh.

Also, Steve Jobs introduced a mouse into the Macintosh, despite all Raskin's objections. Jeff Raskin, realizing that Jobs had completely taken the project away from him, filed a complaint with company president Mike Scott. In the complaint, Raskin described Jobs as an incompetent person who would ruin all his endeavors.

Jobs and Raskin were invited to a conversation with the president of the company. Mile Scott, after listening to the opinions of both, ordered Jobs to complete the development of the Macintosh, and he sent Raskin on leave to somehow smooth out the situation. It is worth noting that President Michael Scott was fired that same year and his position was temporarily filled by Mike Markkula.

Jobs planned to complete the Macintosh project within 1 year. Unfortunately, the work was delayed, and in the end Steve decided to entrust the development of computer software to third-party companies. To accomplish this task, Jobs chose the young company Microsoft, which was already known for creating the Basic computer language for the Apple2 project (and a number of others).

Jobs visited Microsoft's headquarters in Redmond. After negotiations between the parties, a decision was made to cooperate. Bill Gates and Paul Allen (founders of Microsoft) visited Cupertino to see the experimental Macintosh model with their own eyes.

Microsoft was faced with the task of creating software for the Macintosh. The most famous and popular program at that time was Microsoft Excel.

Meanwhile, the first marketing strategy is being developed to market the Macintosh computer. Marketing was handled by Jbs himself, who understood little about it, so we can say that the plan was rather conventional.

Jobs assumed that sales of the Macintosh computer would start in 1982, he planned to sell half a million computers a year, it is worth noting that no research was carried out, and the figure of 500,000 was taken from the air. The Macintosh and Lisa computers were scheduled to be released at the same time; Jobs convinced company resident Mike Markkula that the Macintosh would not be a competitor to the Macintosh. In turn, Markkula insisted on releasing the Macintosh a month after the launch of the Lisa computer.

The Macintosh was eventually scheduled to launch on October 1, 1982. There was only one problem left - there was too little time left until October, but Jobs, being very stubborn, did not want to listen to anything about the timing.

That year, Jobs was featured on the cover of Time magazine. His development of the Apple 2 was recognized as the best computer of the year. An article published in the same issue focused mainly on Jobs. The article stated that Steve would make an excellent king of France.

It was also said that Jobs made a fortune from the work of other people, while he himself understands nothing about engineering, programming, or design, and there can’t even be any talk about business. The article mentioned statements from many people who wished to remain anonymous, including comments from Stephen Wozniak (he left Apple after the accident).

Steve Jobs was very upset by this article, he even called Jeff Raskin, the engineer who originally developed the Macintosh, to express his outrage. Steve knew that from now on he was personally dependent on Mac being a success.

Jobs purchased an apartment in Manhattan overlooking New York's Central Park. There, in New York, he first met John Sculley, president of the world famous Pepsi company. They took long walks around the city and discussed Apple's prospects and talked about business.

At that time, Jobs decided for himself that it was a person like John who should hold the post of president of Apple. Sculley had a great understanding of business, but absolutely nothing of technology, which made him and Jobs a great team. There was one “but” in Jobs’ plan; John worked successfully at Pepsi. As a result, Jobs managed to lure Sculley to his company, and one phrase said by Jobs to Sculley forever went down in business history: “Do you intend to sell sugared water for the rest of your life, or do you intend to change the world?”

Meanwhile, the Macintosh software developers did not have time to complete the project on time, but Jobs, without unnecessary hysterics, managed to rally the team and motivate the programmers so that they worked the last days with virtually no sleep. The result is amazing, as everything was ready on time. An important business principle came into play: “if you have the right people on your team, you will succeed.” The Macintosh group had just such people.

The presentation of the Macintosh was stunning, the world saw both a revolutionary development and a brilliant speaker in the person of Steve Jobs.

John Sculley, who served as Apple's president, brought the Macintosh and Lisa developers together into one team and put Steve in charge. After one hundred days of phenomenal sales of the Macintosh, the first difficulties began.

The problem for many buyers was the lack of software. At that time, the Macintosh only had the standard Microsoft package and standard Apple programs. Other developers could not understand how to create software with a graphical interface. This significantly slowed down computer sales.

Soon problems appeared with the hardware. Steve Jobs was adamantly opposed to Macintosh extensions, but users didn't like it. Apple employee Michael Murray said, "Steve did market research by looking at himself in the mirror every morning."

The situation in the company was heating up. At this point, conflicts began to arise between the Macintosh developers and the rest of the company. Steve Jobs never missed an opportunity to disparage the latest Apple 2 models, which was still the company's cash cow.

Apple was going through a rough patch, and Jobs, in his typical manner, blamed other people for the company’s failures, especially the company’s president, John Sculley. Jobs argued that Sculley was unable to reinvent himself and enter the high-tech business.

The result was the dismissal of Steve Jobs from the company that he founded. The reason for this was a series of behind-the-scenes intrigues that Jobs waged, hoping to take the post of president of the company.

After Steve was fired, he was offered an honorary position as an Apple representative, but he turned it down. Moreover, Jobs sold all the shares of the company that he owned at that time, leaving himself only one symbolic share.

After Jobs's dismissal, Apple would have a successful period, recording the highest sales in the company's history. Later, dark times would come for the company, Apple would be close to collapse, but in 1997, Steve Jobs would take over the company, pull it out and even make it one of the largest in the industry.

But this is still 12 years away, and for now Jobs is young, rich and ready for new achievements. Steve had no intention of quitting his business, although he could afford it. After all, he could easily become a venture investor and forget what work is. But all this was not typical for Steve Jobs, so he decided to start a new business - to found the Next computer company.

Life afterApple

Steve Jobs conceived Next as a company to develop computers for the educational sector. The investor in the project was Ros Perot, who invested $20 million in Next, for which he received a 16% stake in the company. It is worth noting that the investor was attracted by Jobs himself, his devilish charm, since there were no business plans in sight.

The revolutionary NextStep operating system was developed especially for Next computers; it was built according to the principles of objective-oriented programming, which later became ubiquitous. Despite the usefulness of the development, Jobs will not achieve much success; on the contrary, he will waste a lot of money.

To give Next credit, these computers have been used by some creative people in their work. This is how such gaming legends from IDSoftware as Doom and Quake were created on Next computers. In the late 1980s, Jobs made a desperate attempt to make Next a success by offering the contract to Disney. But this idea failed; Disney did not want to break off relations with Apple.

It seemed that fortune had turned away from Steve and he was about to become bankrupt, but there was one more trump card left. Jobs had a rare talent, he was able to rally a group of people, inspire them to create something significant, which he did in the company that gave PIXAR, computer animation to the world.

Steve Jobs acquired PIXAR from Star Wars director George Lucas in 1985. It is worth noting that Lucas initially asked for $30 million for the company, but Steve was in no hurry to shell out that kind of money, he waited for the moment when Lucas urgently needed money, and after bidding, he acquired the company for one-third of the original price.

There was, however, one condition: Lucas reserved the right to use any PIXAR developments in his film projects. At that time, the company had the PixarImageComputer, it cost an incredible amount and sold very poorly. Jobs began searching for a market for this device. At the same time, PIXAR continued its activities in developing animation software and began conducting some experiments in creating its own animation projects.

Jobs will soon open seven representative offices selling PixarImageComputer in different cities, but this idea will not be successful, since this computer had a very narrow focus and will be used only by a narrow circle of people.

The arrival of artist John Lasseter (who had previously worked for Disney) at PIXAR was a turning point in the life of the company; it was John who would take the studio to new heights. He was initially hired to create short animated videos demonstrating the capabilities of PIXAR software and hardware. PIXAR's hot streak began with the short films "AndreandWallyB" and "Luxo, Jr."

A key moment was Jobs' financing of the short film TinToy, which later won an Oscar. In 1988, PIXAR introduced a new software product, RenderMan, which for a long time would be Jobs’s only income.

At the end of 1989, the situation was this: Jobs had two companies producing first-class products, but due to extremely low sales, the press predicted the failure of both companies, PIXAR and NEXT.

Jobs had to actively respond to the crisis. First of all, he sold the PIXAR computer business, which was undoubtedly unprofitable. The Vicom company bought out some of the employees for several million, and everything that had a connection with the PixarImageComputer. As a result, PIXAR acquired a single direction - animation.

Steve Jobs, like many businessmen, often spoke to students. In 1989, he gave a speech at Stanford. Being an excellent speaker, Steve felt confident and calm on stage, but suddenly something went wrong, Jobs began to stammer, and it seemed to many spectators that he had completely lost the thread of his speech.

The reason for Steve's strange behavior was the woman sitting in the hall that day. It was Laurene Powell, and Jobs really liked her. It is worth noting that this was not simple affection; Steve experienced feelings that were previously unfamiliar to him. After the lecture, Jobs exchanged phone numbers with this girl, left the building and got into his car. He had a business meeting scheduled that evening.

But as soon as he got into the car, Steve realized that a business meeting was not what he wanted that evening. Steve caught up with Lauryn and invited her to the restaurant that evening. They spent the rest of the day walking around the city. Steve and Lauryn subsequently get married.

Jobs improved his personal life, but business was still not going well. At the end of the year, PIXAR made another reduction. It is worth noting that many employees were laid off, but it bypassed the group of animators led by John Lasseter. It became obvious that Jobs was betting on him.

Steve Jobs is one of those people who trust only their intuition. He always ignored other people's opinions, even if he was wrong. Of course, Steve, like every person, still has a narrow circle of close people whose opinions he listens to. For example, this circle now includes Apple's chief designer, Jonathan Ive.

In the early '90s, a select group of people who were allowed to challenge Steve's views included PIXAR co-founder Alvy Ray Smith. Very often Alvy pointed out Steve's mistakes; to be honest, he understood animation much better than Steve.

At the next PIXAR meeting, Jobs spoke outright nonsense; it was obvious that he did not understand this topic at all. Alvy lost his patience, jumped up and began to prove to Steve that he was wrong. At this moment, Alvy acted rashly. Jobs has always been an extraordinary person with his own quirks. At meetings, he had a special white board, on which only he always wrote.

That day, Smith, in the midst of an argument, began to write something on this board, trying to prove that he was right. Everyone present froze. A moment later, Jobs was in front of Smith and hurled personal insults at him, which, in the opinion of those present, were completely irrelevant and truly vile. Shortly after this incident, Alvy Ray Smith left the company PIXAR, which he founded.

PIXAR's breakthrough came when Steve Jobs received financial support from Disney. The terms of the agreement were as follows: PIXAR creates a full-length computer animated film, and Disney, in turn, bears the costs of promoting the film.

This agreement was a great success, since Disney is a very powerful marketing machine. Steve Jobs managed to negotiate the most favorable terms for his company. In 1991, this agreement became a lifeline for Jobs; newspapers had already predicted a future bankruptcy for him, not yet knowing that PIXAR would bring him billions. That same year, another important event occurred in Jobs’ life—his wedding to Lauren. At that time, Steve was 36 and Lauryn was 27 years old. The wedding was ascetic.

In 1992, Jobs was unable to finance Next on his own, and got Canon to reinvest $30 million (previously $100 million). At that time, sales of Next computers increased, but still, the company sold as many computers in a year as Apple sold in a week.

In 1993, Steve had no choice but to decide to wind down the production of the Next PC, although this decision was difficult for him. It was decided to direct all the company's efforts to software development. This was a turning point for history, as the NextStep operating system would later become the basis for MacOSX, which would lead Macintosh computers out of the crisis.

At that time, there was one person, a tandem with whom ensured Jobs’ success. Director, animator, artist - John Lasseter. John was still working at PIXAR, and it was largely thanks to him that PIXAR signed such a lucrative contract with Disney, since the latter were persistently trying to lure John to themselves. But Lasseter remained loyal to PIXAR.

PIXAR's first animated film, Toy Story, was released on Christmas Day in 1995. The debut project was a dizzying success.

The mid-90s were a terrible time for Apple. John Sculley was fired from the post of president of the company, Michael Spindler did not last long in his place, and after him Jill Amelio took the presidency of Apple.

The company's market share was rapidly declining. Moreover, it became unprofitable. Management tried to get out of the crisis by selling the company to a larger company. Negotiations were held with companies such as Phillips, Sun, Oracle, but they were unsuccessful.

Steve Jobs was busy planning PIXAR's initial public offering at the time. The IPO was the light in the window for Jobs; he was planning a public offering immediately after the release of Toy Story.

Meanwhile, the situation at Apple was not getting better; at the end of 1996, it got to the point that Bill Gates was constantly calling the head of Apple Computer, Gil Amelio, to convince him to install the WindowsNT operating system on Macintosh computers.

As a result of long negotiations, Steve Jobs sells Next to Apple for $377 million and 1.5 million shares. Apple's main goal was to obtain the NextStep operating system and a group of its developers (more than 300 people). Apple got what it wanted, and Steve Jobs was appointed advisor to Gil Amelio.

However, the innovations did not bring much benefit. The company's activities were controlled by the same people, and the company's losses grew. Jobs took advantage of the moment and overthrew Amelio as president. At that time, Gil Amelio was hit by a barrage of devastating articles published in various media.

The reaction of the company's board of directors was not long in coming; Amelio was fired from the post of president. Then no one thought about the promise Amelio made when he was appointed. Amelio promised to bring Apple out of the crisis in three years, but only worked for half of this period. During his tenure, the company's cash flow increased markedly. At that time, this merit was not enough.

It was obvious to everyone that the post of president of Apple would be taken over by Steve Jobs, a media darling. How could it be otherwise? A man who lost everything, but did not give up and found a way to get up from his knees (thanks to PIXAR). Moreover, it was Jobs who was the founder of Apple, whoever is not him will be able to breathe life into the company and all its employees.

Jobs was named acting CEO. First of all, Steve Jobs called Bill Gates. Apple has granted Microsoft rights to some user interface developments. In turn, Microsoft invested $150 million in the company's shares and also committed to releasing new versions of Microsoft Office for the Macintosh. In addition, Internet Explorer has become the default browser for Mac.

Steve Jobs quickly adapted to the company and took control. They decided to close the unprofitable Newton project, which had been sucking money from their Apple for many years. It was a project to develop the first PDA, but it ended in failure because it was simply ahead of its time.

At that time, Steve's old friend joined the board of directors of Apple; it was the head of Oracle, Larry Ellison. Ellison's presence was a great support for Jobs.

In 1998, Jobs gave a speech at the MacWorldExpo. Steve was telling visitors about the state of the company, and as he left the stage he said, “I almost forgot. We're making a profit again." The hall exploded with applause.

By 1998, PIXAR had released four wildly successful animated films: Toy Story, The Adventures of Flick, Toy Story 2 and Monsters, Inc. The company's total revenue at that time was $2.8 billion.

Jobs' studio was a phenomenal success. That same year, Apple began returning to the big game. Jobs introduced the first iMac. It's worth noting that the iMac was being developed before Jobs returned to the company, when Gil Amelio was president. But all the credit for the iMac was assigned to Jobs, nothing can be done about it.

Jobs' return to Apple had a positive impact on the company in many ways. For example, the company's inventories were $400 million, but after the measures taken by Steve they were reduced to 75 million. This was achieved thanks to Jobs's habit of being careful and attentive to every small detail of the production process.

The iMac, being a computer and monitor in one, was a great success. After Apple presented another new product - the iBook portable computer. At the same time, C&C transferred the rights to Sound Jam MP to Apple. Subsequently, the world will recognize this program as iTunes; it will mark the beginning of the popularity of iPod players.

After the release of iTunes, Apple turned its attention to the mp3 player market. Jobs held a series of negotiations with the PortalPlayer company, as a result of which it was decided to entrust this company with the development of a player for Apple, or rather the hardware part of the player, since Apple itself was responsible for the software part.

This is how the iPod was born. During the development of the player, Jobs regularly made a lot of comments to the developers of the Portal Player company, in the end this was beneficial: customers received the best (at that time) mp3 player. The player was designed by the famous Apple designer Jonathan Ive, who is currently the chief designer of the Fruit Company.

Quince's merits also include the success of all the company's new products after Jobs returned to it. The design of the first iMacs also belongs to him.

Subsequently, new versions of the player began to be released, each subsequent one being more popular than the old one.

Around the same time, Apple introduced a new operating system, MacOSX, which marked the beginning of the entire series. OSX gave Macintosh computers a new lease of life.

As events unfolded after everyone knows, the iPod became the most popular player in the world. The popularity of Macintosh computers is getting higher and higher.

Apple began producing a mobile phone that has become a cult favorite. The iPhone has absorbed all the best achievements of the “fruit company”.

Steve Jobs was first and foremost a public figure

He had an amazing ability to inspire young and talented people. What is this performance worth?

His drive made it possible to achieve success almost always.

On October 5, 2011, at the age of 56, Steve Jobs passed away. But he remained in the memory and hearts of people forever.

This is the success story of Steve Jobs.

Steve Jobs- American businessman, talented leader, co-founder, ideological inspirer, director and chairman of the board of directors. Until 2006, he was the director (CEO) of an animation studio. Pixar(Pixar), it was Steve Jobs who gave it this name.

short biography

Steve Jobs (full name: Stephen Paul Jobs) was born February 24, 1955 in San Francisco, USA, California. His biological mother is Joan Schible. Biological father - Abdulfattah Jandali.

Stephen was born to unmarried students. Joan's father was against their relationship and threatened to disinherit his daughter if she did not end it. That is why Steve's future mother went to San Francisco to give birth and gave her son up for adoption.

Adoptive parents

Joan set the conditions for adoption: Stephen's adoptive parents had to be wealthy and have a higher education. However, the Jobs family, which could not have their own children, did not have the second criterion. Therefore, the future adoptive parents gave a written commitment pay for a boy's college education.

The boy was adopted Paul Jobs And Clara Jobs, née Agopian (American of Armenian descent). They were the ones who gave him his name Stephen Paul.

Jobs always considered Paul and Clara to be his father and mother; he was very irritated if someone called them adoptive parents:

“They are my real parents 100%.”

According to the rules of official adoption, the biological parents knew nothing about the whereabouts of their son, and Stephen Paul met with his birth mother and younger sister only after 31 years.

Schooling

School activities disappointed Steve with their formalism. Primary school teachers Mona Loma characterized him as a prankster, and only one teacher, Mrs Hill, was able to see extraordinary abilities in her student and find an approach to him.

When Steve was in fourth grade, Mrs. Hill gave him "bribes" in the form of sweets, money, and DIY kits for doing well, thereby encouraging his learning.

This quickly bore fruit: soon Steve Paul began to study diligently without any reinforcement, and at the end of the school year he passed the exams so brilliantly that the director suggested transfer him from fourth grade straight to seventh. As a result, by decision of his parents, Jobs was enrolled in the sixth grade, that is, in high school.

Further training

After graduating from school, Steve Jobs decided to apply to Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Tuition at such a prestigious liberal arts college was insanely expensive. But once upon a time, Stephen's parents promised the young woman who gave birth to their son that the child would receive a good education.

His parents agreed to pay for his studies, but Stephen’s desire to join student life lasted exactly one semester. The guy left college and went deep in search of his destiny. This stage of Jobs' life was influenced by the free ideas of hippies and the mystical teachings of the East.

Birth of Apple

Stephen Paul became friends with his classmate Bill Fernandez, who was also interested in electronics. Fernandez introduced Jobs to a graduate who was interested in computers, Stephen Wozniak (“Woz”), his senior by five years.

Two Stephens - two friends

In 1969 Woz and Fernandez began assembling a small computer, which they nicknamed "cream soda" and showed it to Jobs. This is how Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak became best friends.

“We sat with him on the sidewalk in front of Bill's house for a long time and shared stories - we told each other about our pranks and about the devices we developed. I felt that we had a lot in common. I usually have a hard time explaining to people the ins and outs of the electrical devices I assembled, but Steve picked it up on the fly. I liked him immediately.”

From the memoirs of Steve Jobs

Apple Computer

Steve began working with Woz on circuit boards for computers. Wozniak was a member of a circle of amateur computer scientists at the time. Homebrew Computer Club. It was there that the idea of ​​​​creating his own computer came to him. To implement the idea, he needed only one board.

Jobs quickly realized that his friend's development was a tasty morsel for buyers. A company was born Apple Computer. Apple began its ascent in Jobs' garage.

Apple II

Computer Apple II became the first mass product of Apple, created on the initiative of Steve Jobs. This happened in the late 1970s. Jobs later saw the commercial potential of mouse-controlled graphical interfaces, which led to the advent of computers Apple Lisa and, a year later, Macintosh (Mac).

Leaving Apple is a new round of success

Losing a power struggle with the board of directors in 1985, Jobs left Apple and founded NeXT- a company that developed a computer platform for universities and businesses. In 1986, he acquired the computer graphics division of Lucasfilm, turning it into .

He remained Pixar's CEO and major shareholder until the studio was acquired in 2006, making Steven Paul largest private shareholder and a member of the Disney board of directors.

"Resuscitation" Apple

In 1996 the companyApple boughtNeXT. This was made to use the OS NeXTSTEP as the basis for Mac OS X. As part of the deal, Steve Jobs received the position of advisor to Apple. By 1997 Jobs regained control of Apple, heading the corporation.

Rapid development

Under the leadership of Steve Paul Jobs, the company was saved from bankruptcy and became profitable within a year. Over the next decade, Jobs led the development iMac, iTunes, iPod, iPhone And iPad, as well as the development Apple Store, iTunes Store, App Store And iBookstore.

The success of these products and services, which provided several years of stable financial profits, allowed Apple to become the most valuable publicly traded company in the world in 2011.

Many call Apple's resurgence one of the greatest accomplishments in business history. At the same time, Jobs was criticized for his tough management style, aggressive actions towards competitors, and the desire for total control over products even after they were sold to the buyer.

Merits of Steve Jobs

Steve Jobs has received public recognition and a number of awards for his impact on the technology and music industries. He is often called a "visionary" and even "father of the digital revolution". Jobs was a brilliant speaker and took innovative product presentations to the next level, turning them into exciting shows. His easily recognizable figure in a black turtleneck, faded jeans and sneakers is surrounded by a kind of cult.

October 5, 2011 After an eight-year battle with pancreatic cancer, Steve Jobs died in Pal Alto at the age of 56 years old.