Which organ produces testosterone? Natural Ways to Stay Healthy

Testosterone is a steroid hormone that plays an important role in the work reproductive system. Its production in the human body occurs in the gonads, adrenal glands and peripheral tissues.

Hormone synthesis is controlled by the pituitary gland, hypothalamus and central departments nervous system. Its level is also influenced by certain physiological and pathological conditions, lifestyle, diet and taking certain medications.

Characteristics of the hormone

Scheme for the production of testosterone from cholesterol

Testosterone belongs to the male sex hormones - androgens. Its main part (up to 95%) is synthesized in the gonads - testicles. To a lesser extent, it is produced in the adrenal cortex and on the periphery - in the brain and adipose tissue.

A woman's body also produces some amount of this hormone. In this case, about 70% of testosterone is produced in peripheral tissues, and the rest in the ovaries and adrenal glands.

The hormone is synthesized from cholesterol. A larger amount of newly formed testosterone enters directly into the blood. There it binds to transport proteins - sex steroid binding globulin (GSBG) and albumin. Only a small part of it is in a free state and is biologically active. There is a special daily rhythm of hormone secretion with its maximum level at 6–8 am and minimum at 18–20 pm.

Estradiol is synthesized from testosterone under the action of the aromatase enzyme in adipose tissue. Its metabolites are formed in the liver - androsterone and etiocholanolone, which are excreted in the urine. Under the influence of 5-alpha reductase in the skin, liver and testicles, the hormone produces a more active androgen - dihydrotestosterone (DHT).

The biological role of testosterone is determined by its direct effect on target organs, as well as the effects of its metabolites - estradiol and dihydrotestosterone.

The hormone performs the following functions:

responsible for beard growth;
increases libido;
promotes muscle development;
stimulates the formation of red blood cells;
increases tissue sensitivity to insulin and glucose;
has a vasodilating effect;
increases the content of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in the blood, reduces their high-density fraction;
increases mood, aggressiveness, enhances motivation;
improves spatial orientation and mathematical abilities;
has a beneficial effect on short-term memory;
negatively affects communication function.

Dihydrotestosterone ensures the intrauterine formation of male genital organs, hair growth in the armpits and pubic area, causes baldness and stimulates the increase in size and development of the prostate gland. Estradiol, formed in men mainly from testosterone, maintains bone density, promotes the closure of their growth zones, and regulates the secretion of gonadotropins. In women, it is also involved in the formation of a regular menstrual cycle.

Regulation of testosterone production

Regulation of testosterone synthesis

The production of androgens is regulated by pituitary gonadotropins - luteinizing (LH) and follicle-stimulating (FSH) hormones. Testosterone synthesis in the testicles occurs in Leydig cells under the control of LH. FSH binds to Sertoli cell receptors and triggers spermatogenesis. In women, gonadotropins stimulate the production of sex hormones and participate in the formation of the menstrual cycle.

The level of LH and FSH depends on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) of the hypothalamus. Its allocation in circulatory system is pulsating in nature with peaks every 90–120 minutes. Its secretion with high frequency reduces the concentration of pituitary gonadotropins, and with low frequency it stimulates FSH production and, to a lesser extent, LH. GnRH synthesis regulates the concentrations of testosterone, estradiol, dihydrotestosterone, as well as the levels of leptin, activin, prolactin and inhibin in the blood. Their increase suppresses the secretion of releasing hormone. LH and FSH and testosterone are released into the blood at the same rhythm as releasing hormone.

The synthesis of androgens in the adrenal glands is under the control of corticotropin (ACTH), produced in the pituitary gland, and corticoliberin of the hypothalamus.

The highest link in the regulation of the reproductive system is the brain. It produces biological substances that have both stimulating and suppressive effects on reproductive function. The midbrain contains biogenic amines, norepinephrine, serotonin and other neurogenic messengers that act on the hypothalamus.

Features of hormone synthesis at different ages

Changes in testosterone levels with age

Hormone production begins at 9 weeks intrauterine development. Under the influence of dihydrotestosterone formed from it, external genitalia are formed in boys. After birth, testosterone levels in male newborns fall and are only slightly higher than those in female children. Shortly before puberty, the secretion of GnRH increases, especially in the morning, which is accompanied by an increase in the production of LH, FSH and testosterone.

The production of adrenal androgens under the influence of ACTH increases from 6–7 years. Under their influence, hair in the armpits and pubic area begins to grow, and a growth spurt occurs. This period is called adrenarche, and in boys it begins 2 years later than in girls.

During puberty, under the influence of testosterone, facial hair growth increases, testicular diameter increases, and new Leydig cells appear. There is an elongation of the penis, enlargement of the prostate gland, seminal vesicles and epididymis. The larynx expands and the vocal cords develop, causing the voice to become deeper. Are growing muscle mass and bone density. The sebaceous glands begin to work, which contributes to the development of acne, acne and seborrhea of the scalp. Testosterone levels reach adult male levels by age 17.

Factors affecting testosterone levels

The concentration of the hormone in women decreases during postmenopause. The work of the ovaries gradually fades away, and the main source of testosterone becomes peripheral tissues. In men, a decrease in androgen levels is observed by age 70.

Depending on the amount of SHPS, the content of the active fraction of testosterone changes. Its increase occurs with thyrotoxicosis, liver cirrhosis, and excess estrogen production. A decrease in concentration is observed when diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovaries, metabolic syndrome, obesity, acromegaly, hypothyroidism, kidney damage, hypercortisolism.

An increase in production is possible with pathology of the adrenal glands - their congenital dysfunction, disease or Itsenko-Cushing syndrome. Uncontrolled production of testosterone occurs with androgen-synthesizing tumors of the adrenal glands and gonads.

During development inflammatory process in the body, the work of the system that regulates testosterone synthesis is reversibly suppressed at all its levels. This explains the decrease in sexual desire in diseases and viral infections.

Organic and functional reasons can lead to a decreased level of the hormone in the blood:

Organic lesions	Functional changes
Genetic mutations and chromosomal abnormalities	Psychological stress
Tumors of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, craniopharyngioma, germinoma	Excessive exercise
Infiltrative diseases - sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis	Marked change in body weight
Traumatic brain injuries	Taking anabolic steroids
Radiotherapy	Systemic diseases
Surgical interventions in the hypothalamic-pituitary zone	Medications - large doses of glucocorticoids, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antiandrogens, estrogens
Testicular injuries, varicoceles, infections	Alcohol

Moderate physical activity and a balanced diet, including following products- meat, sea fish, nuts, herbs, spices, legumes. If there is pathology, it is impossible to increase the concentration of the hormone using natural methods; examination and treatment by a specialized specialist is necessary.

The main male sex hormone (androgen), which plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues (testes, prostate), in the formation and development of male secondary sexual characteristics; occupies an important place in metabolism, sexual desire, mood regulation; affects the cognitive functions of the brain (the ability to understand, cognize, study, realize, perceive and process the information received).
Normal testosterone levels play a huge role in maintaining an optimal weight, and also reduces the risk of degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis, heart disease, diabetes, and some types of cancer.
Testosterone is an anabolic steroid hormone, also used by athletes to build muscle mass, increase physical energy(strength) and endurance. Long-term use may cause a temporary decrease in the production of your own testosterone.

Physiological effects of testosterone

Physiological action, which the hormone testosterone has on the body of mammals, including humans, can be classified as:

Anabolic effect includes accelerating the growth of muscle mass and physical strength, increasing density bone tissue(bone calcification), stimulation of linear bone growth, promotes bone tissue maturation. The anabolic effect of testosterone stimulates protein synthesis in the body, participates in the regulation of lipoprotein synthesis by the liver, modulates the synthesis of b-endorphins (“joy hormones”), insulin, ensures retention of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, sulfur, phosphates, as well as sodium, chlorine in the body, water.

Androgenic effect in men it is expressed by the formation of the reproductive system according to the male type, the development of male secondary sexual characteristics in puberty (changes in voice timbre, growth of beard and axillary hair, etc.), activates sexual desire, spermatogenesis and potency, and is responsible for the psychophysiological characteristics of sexual behavior.
In women, testosterone is involved in the mechanism of follicle regression in the ovaries and in the regulation of the level of gonadotropic hormones of the pituitary gland.

The effects of testosterone can be classified according to time periods

Prenatal period

IN prenatal period(from 4 to 6 weeks of pregnancy) under the influence of androgens occurs:
Genital virilization (in this process the role of testosterone is much less than dihydrotestosterone).
Development of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles.
Feminization or masculinization of the fetus occurs, i.e. formation of the sex of the unborn child. Gender identity is biological in nature, inherent in every person from birth and is not a matter of choice or education.

Early childhood period

The level of androgens (testosterone) begins to increase, which is observed in both boys and girls and is expressed:
Adult type body odor. Sebaceous and apocrine glands become active during puberty. Apocrine sweat glands - (they are located in the armpits, around the nipples and in the groin), begin to function upon reaching puberty, when the hormonal status in the body changes. The glands secrete a secretion (sweat), which is believed to act on a subconscious level as a signal to attract the opposite sex.
Increased oiliness of skin and hair, acne. Most often, acne forms during adolescence, as a rule, this is caused by an increase in testosterone levels, which steadily increases during puberty, regardless of the gender of the child.
The appearance of pubic and armpit hair, hair growth on the upper lip. Beginning of puberty.
"Growth spurt" accelerated maturation skeletal bones

Puberty

Puberty, or the period of puberty, is a time when sharp changes occur in the physical condition of a teenager, in particular a “growth spurt”, the formation of secondary sexual characteristics; Girls begin to menstruate (menarche), and boys experience the ability to ejaculate. In addition, this period is characterized by important changes in the psyche.
The average age of puberty for women ranges from 10-13 years, and for men, about 10-14 years. Puberty occurs earlier in girls than in boys.

Effect of pubertal hormones:
Extension sebaceous glands, this can lead to acne. Reduction of subcutaneous fat on the face.
Enlargement of the phallus, clitoris. Increased libido. Increased spermatogenesis, male fertility.
Pubic hair extending to the thighs and up to the navel, hair growth on the face (sideburns, beard, mustache), on the legs, chest, armpits.
Loss of hair on the scalp (androgenetic alopecia).
Increased strength and muscle mass.
Deepening and deepening of the voice. Adam's apple growth.
Growth of the jaw, forehead, chin. The shoulders become wider and the chest expands.
Completion of bone tissue maturation.

Testosterone biosynthesis

The largest amount of testosterone (> 95%) in men is produced by the testicles. In the testicles of men, testosterone is secreted by the Leydig cells of the testes. In small quantities in both sexes, testosterone is produced by the adrenal cortex and even the skin (Zouboulis CC, Degitz K 2004).
The female body produces testosterone in much smaller quantities than the male body. The ovaries are responsible for the synthesis of testosterone in women; in addition, the placenta is capable of secreting testosterone.
Like other steroid hormones, testosterone is derived from cholesterol.

The amount of testosterone produced is regulated by hormones that are produced in the brain appendage - the pituitary gland, under the influence of neuroendocrine transmitters of the hypothalamus (liberins and statins).
The mechanism of testosterone synthesis can be considered on the so-called “Hypothalamus-pituitary-testes arc”.

When testosterone levels are low, the hypothalamus, located just above the brain stem, produces the hormone gonadorelin or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which in turn stimulates the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Next, these two hormones, circulating in the blood, stimulate the testicles to testosterone production.
Subsequently, these hormones are involved in the regulation of testosterone levels in the blood: increased testosterone levels feedback through the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to inhibit the release of GnRH and FSH/LH, respectively. Those. we see a feedback system of the hypothalamus - pituitary gland - testicles.

Most testosterone circulating in the blood is bound to a carrier protein, which helps it move in the blood plasma from the site where testosterone is produced to the areas (target tissues) where it has an effect. This protein is called sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG).
When testosterone is transported by SHBG, it is considered "bound". In the form bound to transport proteins, testosterone hormone is inactive and unavailable for metabolic inactivation. Bound testosterone cannot play an active role in the body, and only unbound or free testosterone, entering various cells body, has its androgenic and anabolic effects. Thus, anything that affects the function or amount of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) can also affect the total amount of circulating active testosterone.

Testosterone level

On average, in an adult male, the concentration of testosterone in the blood plasma is 7-8 times higher than in adult woman, and, due to the fact that the metabolic needs of testosterone in men are greater, it daily production about 20 times more in men than in women, who are more sensitive to the hormone testosterone.
Testosterone levels can be identified using a simple laboratory blood test. Blood sampling for analysis is usually prescribed in the morning, when, regardless of sexual activity, testosterone levels are highest; during the day, testosterone levels can decrease by as much as 13%.

Normal general level testosterone in men ranges from 300 to 1000 ng/dl (or 11-33 nmol/l)
Levels between 500 and 700 ng/dL are considered sufficient for young, healthy men 20 to 40 years of age.

In women, the maximum concentration of testosterone is determined in the luteal phase and during ovulation. In pregnant women, the concentration of testosterone increases by the third trimester, exceeding almost 3 times the concentration in non-pregnant women. During menopause, testosterone concentrations decrease.
Normal testosterone levels in women are 7 - 78 ng/dL (0.24-2.7 nmol/L).

Table. Testosterone levels in men and women

			Median ng/dl	Reference value, ng/dl
Testosterone levels in men 20-49 years old			625,0	286,0 - 1511,0
Testosterone levels in men over 50 years of age			438,0	212,0 - 742,0
Testosterone levels in adult women	After puberty and before menopause	Follicular phase	48,0	up to 118.0
		Ovulatory phase	58,0	21,0 - 104,0
		Luteal phase	44,0	up to 119.0
	Common for women
	Pregnancy	First trimester	70,0	3,0 - 230,0
		Second trimester	90,0	30,0 - 200,0
		Third trimester	110,0	30,0 - 190,0

In different clinical laboratories, testosterone levels can be measured in different systems units. Testosterone measurement units: nmol/L or ng/dL.

Conversion factor: ng/dl * 0.0347= nmol/l

Low level testosterone. Testosterone deficiency. Testosterone deficiency. Hypotestosteronemia

Beginning around age 30, men experience a decline in testosterone of about 1.5 percent per year. Testosterone depletion is a normal consequence of aging in men and one of the causes increased risk development Men with a 10-12% decrease in the level of the male sex hormone testosterone are effeminate, soft, and sensitive. Conversely, those whose blood serum testosterone levels are 10-12% higher than normal are characterized by aggressiveness and a decreased sense of self-preservation. As soon as the representatives of the stronger sex get a little nervous, overexert themselves, get sick or go hungry, the level male hormone testosterone in the blood decreases. A lack of the male hormone testosterone in the blood can cause changes in men's behavior, making them more irritable and causing them to experience bouts of depressed mood.
Clinically, a decrease in testosterone is manifested by symptoms of hypogonadism (loss of muscle mass and strength, decreased bone density, increased amount of adipose tissue, decreased libido, etc.).
Typically, a man's plasma total testosterone level below 300 ng/dL is considered low, and treatment is often prescribed for total testosterone levels below 350 ng/dL.
After menopause, women produce only small amounts of testosterone and later life women are exposed to much greater risk development of osteoporosis/osteopenia and other chronic diseases.

Testosterone deficiency (also called hypotestosteronism or hypotestosteronemia) is abnormally low testosterone production. It may occur due to testicular dysfunction (primary hypogonadism) or due to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction (secondary hypogonadism) and may be congenital or acquired.

What interferes with testosterone production?

Firstly, alcohol. Ethanol suppresses the synthesis of the male sex hormone testosterone. The second antipode of testosterone is excess weight. Over time, excess body fat can turn a man into a middle-sex creature. The fact is that in the male body, in addition to androgens and testosterone, a small amount is always produced female hormones, and in women's - men's. If a man's weight is 30% higher than normal, the endocrine system stops the production of testosterone and increases the production of estrogen and progesterone. Under their influence male figure takes on effeminate forms. Here you can recommend doing strength exercises. Scientists have long found out that testosterone levels increase significantly after exercising with dumbbells.

Causes of low testosterone levels

A decrease in testosterone levels is caused by:
∙ Violation of the production of gonadotropic hormones of the pituitary gland (including hyperprolactinemia);
∙ Taking glucocorticoids (reduce the sensitivity of tissues to hormones thyroid gland and sex hormones);
∙ Adrenal insufficiency;
∙ Hypogonadism;
∙ Chronic prostatitis(men);
∙ (men);
∙ Taking medications such as: danazol (in low doses), buserin, carbamazepine, cimetidine, cyclophosphamide, cyproterone, dexamethasone, goserelin, ketoconazole, leuprolide, levonorgestrel, magnesium sulfate, methandrostenolone, methylprednisolone, metyrapone, nafarelin (women), nandrolone, octreotide, oral contraceptives in women, pravastatin (men), prednisone, pyridoglutethimide, spironolactone, stanozolol, tetracycline, thioridazine;
∙ Intake of easily digestible carbohydrates, vegetarianism, fasting, alcoholism, low-fat diet (in women).

High testosterone levels

It is known that high level testosterone increases libido, so a man whose level of this hormone is high is usually sexually active, easily aroused and tireless in sex.
However, there are negative signs that indicate a man has high testosterone levels.
∙ Often an excess of testosterone is the cause of teenage skin problems (acne, pimples and oily skin).
∙ High levels of testosterone provoke an increase in hematocrit (the portion of blood volume accounted for by red blood cells).
∙ Exacerbation of sleep apnea. Apnea is a condition characterized by cessation of pulmonary ventilation during sleep for more than 10 seconds.
∙ Increases susceptibility to.
∙ High testosterone promotes excessive body hair and causes “male” type, thinning hair.
∙ Exogenous testosterone causes suppression of spermatogenesis and can lead to infertility.
∙ High testosterone levels in men are believed to accelerate the aging process.
Testosterone is sometimes called the winning hormone. Its level in the blood increases after a victory in a fight, after successfully solving some problems. The feeling of satisfaction and festive mood that surrounds the winner slows down the formation of stress hormones that ensured the achievement of victory. There is an increased release of testosterone. It is clear that stress hormones (cortisol) and testosterone act in opposite ways
Recent research (2012) showed that men with increased testosterone levels lied less. According to the researchers, the testosterone hormone likely increases feelings of pride and the desire to create a positive self-image in one's own eyes.

Causes of High Testosterone Levels

An increase in testosterone levels is caused by:
∙ Itsenko-Cushing's disease and syndrome;
∙ Adrenogenital syndrome(women);
∙ Testosterone-producing testicular neoplasms (men);
∙ Chromosome set XYY (men);
∙ Virilizing ovarian tumor (women);
∙ Decrease in the level of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG);
∙ Taking medications such as: danazol, dehydroepiandrosterone, finasterine, flutamide, gonadotropin (in men), goserelin (in the first month of treatment), levonorgestrel, mifepristone, moclobemide, nafarelin (men), nilutamide, oral contraceptives (women), phenytoin, pravastatin (women), rifampin, tamoxifen;
∙ Excessive physical activity.

Stabilization of testosterone levels

∙ Nutrition is key to stabilizing testosterone levels. This should be a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, plant fibers, and phytonutrients. Grains and glucose stimulate higher levels of insulin and cortisol. Cortisol is a regulator of carbohydrate metabolism in the body, and also takes part in the development of stress reactions (stress hormone); its high levels play a critical role in the process of blocking testosterone (cortisol is the antithesis of testosterone). A healthy blood sugar balance is critical to stabilizing cortisol and increasing testosterone levels.

∙ Mono- and poly unsaturated fats will not only help normalize cholesterol levels, but will also qualitatively improve the catalytic processes in your body. A study from the University of Iowa noted that unsaturated fats help you absorb more nutrients from foods. For example, fat as one of the components of salad dressing contributes to better absorption nutrients from vegetables. Additionally, eating unsaturated fats is directly related to testosterone levels. The meal plan should consist of adequate amounts of good fats such as,.

∙ Avoid xenoestrogens - synthetic compounds that have the same effect on the body as female sex hormones, reducing testosterone levels. Xenoestrogens are found in tap water, plastics, household cleaning products, deodorants, soaps, cosmetics and body lotions.
The xenoestrogen bisphenol A (BPA) is a weak estrogen and it has long been believed that household doses of it do not have a significant effect on health. But it has now been proven that, accumulating in the body, BPA can have a hormone-like effect on all organs and systems that have estrogen receptors.

∙ High intensity exercise is critical for increasing testosterone. Exercises should be explosive in nature with maximum muscle overload. The workout should be short (5-30 minutes) with minimal rest time between sets.

∙Using high quality whey protein sources post-workout increases testosterone. This is due to high concentration branched chain amino acids such as leucine in whey protein shake. Whey protein is obtained from whey produced during the production of cheese.

(Zn). Zinc deficiency reduces testosterone levels. To increase your testosterone levels, you first need to take care of your zinc levels in your body. Include seafood in your diet (for example, oysters have high content zinc), wholemeal bread, brown rice, green leafy vegetables, lean, lean meats and brittle cheeses such as Cheshire or Lancaster. One of the best sources of zinc pumpkin seeds.
Zinc increases sperm count and sperm motility. High zinc levels also mean lower estrogen and prolactin levels, thereby reducing the risk of prostate disease.
Too much zinc can lead to mineral imbalances and can absorb other minerals, leading to immune problems.

∙ According to a study conducted by scientists from Medical University Graz, Austria, published in the journal Clinical Endocrinology, tanning increases testosterone in men. Since vitamin D is produced by the body when exposed to sunlight, scientists recommend that fair-skinned people get at least 15 minutes daily sunbathing on the face and hands, while people with dark skin may take three times longer. Researchers tested the relationship between vitamin D and testosterone in 2,299 men over several months. They found that vitamin D levels and testosterone levels peaked during the summer months and fell during winter period. They also found that men who had at least 30 ng of vitamin D in every milliliter of blood had the highest levels of circulating testosterone.

∙ You also need to make sure that the body gets enough, especially B6 and B12, which bring testosterone and other sex hormones into a happy balance.

Testosterone and Cardiovascular Health

Recent studies have shown conflicting results regarding the importance of testosterone in maintaining health cardiovascular system. However, maintaining normal testosterone levels in older men improves many parameters that reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as increased muscle mass, decreased visceral fat mass, etc.
Men whose testosterone levels are slightly above average are less likely to have high blood pressure They are less likely to have heart attacks, less likely to be obese, and rate their health as good. However, men with high testosterone levels are more likely to experience injuries, are more likely to drink alcohol, are more likely to have had sexually transmitted infections, and are more likely to smoke.

Testosterone and Prostate Cancer

Prostate (prostate) cancer can develop in any man over 45-50 years of age. Its reasons have not yet been fully elucidated. The development of prostate cancer is associated with hormonal changes in older men, in particular, with high levels of testosterone, the male sex hormone. Prostate cancer is a hormone-dependent tumor; its growth is stimulated by testosterone. Therefore, in men whose blood testosterone levels are higher normal indicators, occurrence cancer prostate cancer is more likely and its course will be more severe.
A 2006 article in the Journal of Urology noted that: “Prostate cancer can become clinical within a few months to several years of starting testosterone treatment. ... When prescribing testosterone supplements, physicians should inform patients receiving them of this risk. The doctor should frequently perform fingerprints during treatment. rectal examination prostate."
WITH advanced education dihydrotestosterone from testosterone in prostate tissue has been linked to prostatic hypertrophy and hyperplasia, the development of prostate adenoma, and possibly an increased likelihood of developing prostate cancer.

Testosterone, sex and family

Men with high testosterone levels are more likely to have extramarital sex and divorce.
Fatherhood reduces testosterone levels in men and is thought to result from emotional and behavioral changes and promote paternal care.
Marriage or commitment can actually lead to lower testosterone levels.
If “love has passed”, testosterone levels decrease in men, and testosterone levels increase in women.
Men who watch sexually explicit films have an average of 35% higher testosterone levels than those who watch sexually neutral films. Testosterone reaches its maximum level 60-90 minutes after the end of the film. Men who watch sexy movies also report increased optimism and decreased fatigue.

Testosterone and sport

Testosterone is an anabolic steroid hormone that acts by increasing muscle protein synthesis and is used by athletes to develop muscle mass, strength, and endurance. As a result, muscle fibers become larger and recover faster than the average person. Testosterone is considered a form of doping in most sports. There are several methods for increasing testosterone levels: intramuscular injections, transdermal gel and patches (testosterone absorption occurs through the skin), implantable capsules, oral and nasal products. Long-term use of drugs that increase testosterone can cause a temporary decrease in the production of your own testosterone hormone. And also, with a long course of testosterone in athletes, a decrease in testicle size was observed.

Testosterone and women's health

Testosterone patches are effective in treating low libido in postmenopausal women. Low libido can occur as a symptom or as a result of using hormonal contraceptives. Women can also use testosterone therapy to increase vitality and energy, to treat or prevent loss of bone density, muscle mass, and to treat certain types of diabetes.
Low testosterone levels in women after menopause can trigger the development of osteoporosis and other chronic diseases.
Women treated with testosterone, due to changes in bone and muscle density, may experience weight gain without an increase in body fat.
Undesirable effects Testosterone therapy in women can manifest itself in the form of thinning hair, increased oiliness of the skin, which leads to the formation of acne.
Exists theoretical risk that testosterone therapy may increase the risk of breast or gynecological cancer.

Testosterone and baldness

In men, approximately 5-7% of testosterone is metabolized into the more active androgen dihydrotestosterone. Increased production of dihydrotestosterone in hair follicles is associated with excessive body hair and/or “male” type baldness (androgenetic alopecia) on the head in both sexes.
Unlike other androgens such as testosterone, dihydrotestosterone cannot be converted by the enzyme aromatase into estradiol.
Men with androgenetic alopecia typically have higher levels of 5-alpha reductase, decreased levels of total testosterone, increased levels of unbound (free) testosterone, and higher levels of total free androgens including dihydrotestosterone.
The 5-alpha reductase genes are responsible for converting free testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, so medications that inhibit the process of testosterone conversion (for example, finasteride) are used to treat hair loss.
Women with elevated dihydrotestosterone levels may develop androgynous secondary sexual characteristics (deepening of the voice, growth of facial hair). Women are less likely to suffer from classic male pattern baldness. Instead, hair becomes thinner throughout the entire scalp. This type of androgenetic alopecia in women rarely leads to complete baldness.

New discoveries
In August 2012, scientists from the University of Pennsylvania reported that prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is present on the scalp of balding men at much higher levels than normal, inhibiting hair growth and preventing hair from maturing. hair follicles. Dr. George Cotsarelis and his team report that discussions are currently underway with several pharmaceutical companies and treatments for androgenetic alopecia will be available within two years.

A 2012 study by Korean scientists found that Grateloupia elliptica, a red algae native to Jeju, South Korea, has great potential for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia as well as alopecia areata.

The effect of medicinal plants on testosterone

Testosterone levels decline with age, but numerous herbs and nutrients can help increase blood levels of this hormone. Low testosterone levels increase the risk of heart problems, depression, osteoporosis and dementia. Decreased testosterone causes a condition known as andropause.
Increasing testosterone in the blood will help restore health and reverse the signs of aging.

∙ Most clinical trials on fertility show that the sheets do not affect the fertility of men and women. However, one study documented that aqueous extract Stevia leaf reduces testosterone and sperm levels in male rats.

∙ Japanese researchers have shown that the active ingredient in the root, glycyrrhizic acid, causes a clinically insignificant decrease in testosterone levels. Licorice preparations reduce high testosterone levels in women with ovarian cysts and increase their fertility. Large amounts of licorice long-term use can increase blood pressure.

∙ According to some advertising brochures presenting Tribulus terrestris ( Tribulus terrestris) on the market sports nutrition, it follows that Tribulus helps build muscle mass by increasing the synthesis of the hormone testosterone. The plant was borrowed from Ayurvedic Indian medicine. But these claims are based on unclear and questionable evidence rather than the results of serious scientific research. There are no positive data on the effect of Tribulus terrestris extract on androgen production.
Tribulus terrestris has indeed been used in Indian medicine as a stimulant. As a result of numerous studies conducted on laboratory animals, it was revealed that some substances contained in Tribulus terrestris promote sperm formation and increase libido, thereby affecting the level of reproduction of offspring. But it is quite difficult to judge the similar effect of this herbal remedy on people, since such studies have not been conducted. So all such statements are more conjectural than conclusive. There are serious doubts about the effect of this plant on muscle growth and testosterone production in humans. In any case, Tribulus terrestris should only be used under the supervision of a physician or herbalist.
P.S. The common name for Tribulus Terrestris is Puncture Vine. A study was found in which, under the influence of Tribulus, there was an increase in testosterone in chimpanzees by more than 50%. The effects were noticeable only after a few days.

∙ Muira Puama ( Ptychopetalum olacoides) - South American shamans and healers have used this plant from the Brazilian rainforests for generations. Muira Puama is considered the most powerful aphrodisiac and has been used for many centuries as the most effective remedy treatment of impotence and as a tonic for the nervous system. Relieves stress, optimizes the functions of the nervous system, and especially that part of it that is responsible for the “erotic mood” of a man. As a result of research at the University of California (UCLA), it was possible to prove that Muira Puama increases testosterone production in men.

∙ Polygonum multiflora ( Polygonum mutliflorum) (in Chinese Fo Ti, Hoshou Wu) used in oriental medicine as a stimulant and a means of longevity. Polygonum multiflorum is a natural testosterone booster.

∙ The root was used in South America as a drink to increase male power. In a test involving men with prostate cancer, maca increased libido but only slightly increased testosterone levels in the blood.

∙ and cauliflower contain natural ingredients, which help the body eliminate estrogen, thereby increasing testosterone.

∙ Tea helps reduce testosterone levels

∙ Another way to increase testosterone is to consume foods rich in essential amino acids -.
A recent study found that men who took about two grams of L-arginine per day for two weeks experienced improvements in testosterone production. Another study where men took five grams of L-arginine per day showed similar results.

∙ Smilax forget-me-not or Sarsaparilla ( Smilax myosotiflora) is a herbaceous shrub native to the tropical evergreen forests of Thailand, East India, the Malay Peninsula, China, Japan and the islands Pacific Ocean. It has been used in Eastern medicine for centuries and is known for its powerful stimulating effect. Moreover, this effect applies to both men and women. For a long time this plant was considered magical, and only recently the mechanism of its action was discovered.
Smilax stimulates the body's production of testosterone by blocking the action of statins, activates the synthesis of corticoid hormones (powerful anti-inflammatory agents), reduces excess production of luteinizing hormone from the pituitary gland (occurs in hypogonadism, gonadal dysgenesis, castration syndrome), stimulates the work of Leydig cells (cells that produce testosterone in men ), helps to increase the quantity and quality of sperm (which improves reproductive function).

∙ Research has also shown that the dietary supplement acetyl-L-carnitine increases testosterone production. Acetyl-L-Carnitine is used to burn fat and build muscle, this is important nutrient increases testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels.

Every person is an individual with individual characteristics. And these features are formed not only due to education and the degree of reading, but also due to the concentration of hormones. The male hormone-androgen is responsible for the formation of a man as a male individual. What functions does testosterone perform in a man’s body, what are the reasons for its decrease, and how to increase testosterone levels naturally?

The production of this hormone in the body of the strong half of humanity is carried out by the testicles, the most important male organ, as well as by the adrenal cortex. A small amount of it is synthesized by the pituitary gland.

Testosterone has multidirectional effects on the male body.

Androgenic effect aimed at regulating the processes of sexual development. During puberty, the hormone testosterone is responsible for the development of the genital organs in boys.
Anabolic effect. Due to the activity of testosterone, proteins and glucose are converted into muscle tissue. Thus, this hormone contributes to the formation of muscles and the physical development of the body as a whole.

Testosterone in the blood also performs a number of other equally important functions:

participates in metabolic processes body:
prevents the growth of adipose tissue, shaping the anatomical shape of the body;
controls blood sugar levels;
increases stress resistance;
affects potency;
enhances libido, increasing sexual activity.

The increase in hormone concentration continues until the age of 18, when its level reaches its maximum. And after a man reaches 30 years of age, it begins to decline annually by an average of 1-2%.

There are two forms of androgen in the blood:

free testosterone makes up 2% of the total amount of the hormone and is its active form, not associated with substances contained in the blood;
bound testosterone makes up 98% and is not able to independently affect tissue cells, like free testosterone.

Why testosterone levels decrease

Various factors contribute to a decrease in hormone levels. It may be caused by diseases internal organs, including genitals. And in this case, it is necessary to increase testosterone production with the help of medical intervention.

But it is currently diagnosed in many men, including young men, who do not have any pathologies. And in this case, the culprit for the decrease in the main male sex hormone is the following factors:

frequent stress;
consumption of low-quality products containing large amounts of soy;
frequent drinking of alcohol;
reception hormonal drugs;
sedentary work;
poor environment;
irregular sexual relations and frequent changes of partners.

How to Increase Natural Testosterone Production

How to normalize the level of sex hormones in natural ways, without resorting to the use of hormonal drugs? There are effective methods that increase testosterone in men by restoring the balance of hormones in the body.

Studies conducted by specialists have shown that the blood of overweight men has much lower levels of . This factor is quite explainable by the fact that adipose tissue is capable of independently producing female sex hormones, which are the enemies of testosterone. Besides this, own testosterone when interacting with adipose tissue, it is also converted into estrogen.

How to Increase Testosterone Levels in Men Suffering from excess weight? There is only one way out, and it lies in getting rid of the heavy burden. However, strict low calorie diet can lead to the exact opposite result.

All food consumed should consist of foods rich in proteins and vitamins. It is also better to use complex carbohydrates, how flour products, including pasta. TO healthy carbohydrates include cereals, honey and fruits.

It is very important to adhere a certain regime nutrition, avoiding overeating and eating food immediately before bed.

Alcohol is the main enemy of testosterone

Everyone knows about the dangers of alcohol. It has a negative effect on the liver, kidneys and digestive organs. However, not all men know that when alcohol enters the body, it promotes the conversion of testosterone to estrogen. In this case, the strength of the drinks does not matter.

For example, beer contains an analogue of the female sex hormone. And although this drink in small quantities may be useful for women, it causes irreparable harm to the male body. It is not without reason that men who prefer to spend time in the company of friends over a bottle of beer eventually acquire a characteristic tummy and enlarged mammary glands.

The only drink that increases testosterone levels is red wine. However, the wine must be natural and dry.

Maintaining a sleep-wake schedule

How to increase testosterone during sleep? It turns out that the production of most sex hormones occurs in the phase deep sleep. It is for this reason that men who are forced to lack sleep are most often susceptible to stress and failures in life. love relationships. Representatives of the stronger half of humanity, who spend less than 7 hours sleeping, have little interest in the opposite sex and are completely indifferent to sex.

Of course, the required duration of sleep is individual for each person. And here the most important criterion is wellness and a feeling of vigor when rising. For some, 5 hours is enough to rest, while for others, 10 hours is not enough.

The right foods

When the first symptoms appear indicating hormonal imbalance, there is no need to resort to synthetic androgen analogues. The most important role Nutrition plays a role in this regard. Therefore, it is better to think about how to increase testosterone in men with the help. So what foods increase testosterone?

Protein products

Many doctors recommend replacing meat with fish, since, in their opinion, this protein is more useful than animal protein due to the absence of cholesterol. The benefits of fish cannot be denied, but only animal protein can trigger the production of testosterone. After all, as you know, testosterone is synthesized from cholesterol. And although high cholesterol does not benefit the body, men should eat more meat and eggs. In addition, meat is a favorite food for men. However, for these purposes it is recommended to purchase country meat, since when raising animals on an industrial scale, hormones are used to enhance their growth.

Products containing zinc and selenium

Zinc and selenium are the main minerals that promote testosterone synthesis. Their source is seafood, the list of which is as follows:

sea fish, including salmon and trout, mackerel, flounder and anchovies;
shrimps;
oysters;
crabs.

All seafood contains fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6, which are components of male sex hormones. Zinc and selenium increase the amount of seminal fluid while increasing sperm activity. In addition, these substances block the synthesis of estrogen, increasing the production of testosterone.

Vegetables as a source of androsterone

Androsterone promotes the formation of secondary sexual characteristics. And it is contained in the following foods:

cabbage;
celery;
tomatoes;
carrot;
eggplant;
zucchini;
avocado.

All these foods are a source of vitamins A, B, C and E and are rich in macro- and microelements.

Not all cereals are created equal, as many contain large amounts of starch, which blocks testosterone production. But there are also those that promote blood flow to the pelvic organs, stimulating the functioning of the testicles, where androgen production occurs. The following cereals help increase testosterone in the body:

buckwheat;
millet;
pearl barley;

Fruits, berries and greens contain lutein, which enhances testosterone production. These include:

persimmon;
dates;
peaches;
dried apricots;
bananas;
figs;
red grapes;
raspberry;
watermelon;
ginseng;
garlic;
parsley;
cilantro;
spinach.

On the one hand, it may seem that onions, garlic and testosterone are incompatible with each other. What man would want to emit an incredible “aroma” when coming to work or meeting a friend? Therefore, onions and garlic are rather the privilege of men who want to become more courageous in the eyes of their own wife

When choosing fruits, you should give preference to fruits of yellow, orange and red colors, since they are the ones that cause the production of testosterone. Bananas are a source of bromelain, a substance that increases libido. And figs prevent early ejaculation.

Spices are the enemies of estrogen

To eliminate excess estrogen production, men need to include spices in their diet. These include:

cardamom;
curry;
turmeric.

Seeds and nuts are natural aphrodisiacs

These products contain large amounts of vegetable fats, as well as vitamins E and D. Vitamin E is a natural antioxidant that prevents the formation of tumors in the testicles. Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption and strengthens bone tissue. In addition, this substance neutralizes the effect of estrogen. In addition, seeds and nuts are very nutritious foods that help restore low energy and relieve fatigue. To eat you need to choose the following products:

pine and walnuts;
hazelnut;
pistachios;
peanut;
almond;
sunflower and pumpkin seeds.

Minimum stressful situations

Modern people experience constant stress caused by various life situations. For example, driving a car is certainly enjoyable. But the situation on the roads and the behavior of many motorists leave much to be desired.

As a result, every trip is accompanied by stress. And, having reached home, a man can determine that his testosterone has dropped based on his own irritability. And there are a great many such situations.

Meanwhile, prolonged stress leads to the production of stress hormone, which blocks the effect of testosterone. Helps raise testosterone levels breathing exercises and yoga classes.

Sun, air and water are the best healers

Sunlight promotes the formation of vitamin D in the body, which, as mentioned above, helps absorb calcium, and the production of the joy hormone, which helps get rid of the effects of stress.

Walking on fresh air under the rays of the sun, swimming in the sea, river or pool brings pleasure and calms the nervous system, which has the most positive effect on men’s health.

When sugar enters the body, the pancreas goes into action, secreting. And if a large amount of sugar enters the body, the pancreas experiences enormous stress. But this is not the worst thing.

Some experts are of the opinion that insulin, which affects sugar levels, helps reduce testosterone levels. At the same time, the blood sugar level increases not only sugar itself, but also all carbohydrate foods, including pasta, fast food, flour and confectionery products.

Even if the assumptions of experts turn out to be incorrect, the use large quantity Carbohydrates do more harm than good, as fat is formed, which increases body weight. And fat, as is known, contributes to the conversion of the male sex hormone into the female one.

Perhaps the word “fasting” itself can plunge most men into despondency. However, in this case we're talking about about intermittent fasting, which involves periodically abstaining from food and drinks other than water.

The duration of such abstinence can range from 16 hours to 2-3 days. At this time, the body cleanses and rejuvenates. And within 2-3 months of regular intermittent fasting, the condition improves, since during this time the balance of hormones in the man’s body is completely restored, and testosterone levels increase 2-3 times, corresponding to a healthy young body.

A sedentary lifestyle over time turns a man into only his likeness, making his body flabby. Meanwhile, a man has always symbolized strength and endurance. Therefore, the most effective way to increase the amount of sex hormone is to regularly perform exercises to produce testosterone.

The greatest effect can be achieved by strength exercises, during which the large muscles of the back, legs and arms develop. Training should be intense but short. Their duration should be no more than 1 hour, otherwise the body will experience stress, which does not improve the condition, but aggravates it. And stress, in turn, leads to the production of cortisol, a testosterone antagonist, which is very harmful to potency.

Regular sex

Testosterone and potency are inseparable companions. And, despite the fact that sexual intercourse itself does not affect testosterone production, it has been proven that the amount of the hormone can drop significantly after six days of abstinence. From this we can conclude that sex allows you to maintain normal androgen levels.

But some men may face another question regarding how to increase male libido in the absence of it. You can try taking it biologically active additives to increase testosterone. They are absolutely unsuitable for hormone replacement therapy, but they can improve vascular tone, increase blood flow in the pelvic organs and increase sexual attraction, causing the body to produce its own testosterone.

⚕️Melikhova Olga Aleksandrovna - endocrinologist, 2 years of experience.

Deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of organ diseases endocrine system: thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, pituitary gland, gonads, parathyroid glands, thymus gland, etc.

Testosterone is the leading androgenic hormone in the male body, which is responsible for sexual functions and the regulation of spermatogenesis. It stimulates muscle gain, physical activity, provides protection to the body from stress. Testosterone deficiency negatively affects both physical and mental health. emotional state. How to increase testosterone in men?

The hormone is produced in the adrenal cortex and testicles. The norm is 11-33 nanomol/liter. How does testosterone affect male body? Its impact occurs in two main directions:

androgenic: regulation of the processes of sexual development of the body. Progesterone activity promotes the development of sexual characteristics in boys during puberty,
anabolic: synthesis of proteins, insulin, endorphins occurs, muscle fibers are formed, physical development of the body occurs.

In addition, testosterone performs a number of vital functions functions:

accepts active participation in metabolic processes,
regulates weight gain and formation anatomical shape bodies,
controls blood sugar levels,
stimulates resistance to stress,
supports the level of libido and activity of a man.

Testosterone is responsible for a man’s sexual function, his appearance, masculinity, character

Testosterone is a natural anabolic substance that is absolutely safe for the body, unlike its synthetic analogues. The maximum concentration of testosterone levels is observed at the age of 18, and after 25 years it begins to gradually fall. By the age of 35-40 years, hormone production decreases by about 1-2% every year. This decrease in hormone levels is natural process and does not require treatment.

The influence of testosterone on the body during different periods of male development:

Embryonic period

Under the influence of testosterone, the sex of the child is formed, then the fetus develops a prostate and seminal vesicles.

Puberty (transitional age in boys)

· The chest expands, the shoulders, chin, forehead, and jaw increase.

· Increases muscle mass.

· The sebaceous glands can work overtime, which often causes a rash.

· Hair appears in the pubic area, armpits, and on the face. Gradually, hair appears on the chest, legs, and arms.

· The genital organs become enlarged and libido increases.

· The ability to conceive increases.

Mature men

· After 35 years, the level of the hormone gradually decreases, libido fades away.

· Along with a decrease in testosterone levels, heart and vascular diseases develop, osteoporosis and disruptions in the functioning of the autonomic system may develop.

· As you age, your risk of developing Alzheimer's disease increases.

But the process of testosterone production can be disrupted under the influence of unfavorable factors:

smoking, alcohol abuse,
inactive lifestyle,
chronic diseases,
some drugs
unfavorable environmental situation,
excess weight, constant stress.

Testosterone levels: normal and abnormal

With age, the amount of testosterone gradually decreases; by the age of 60 it can drop by 50%. Moreover, an increase or decrease in hormone levels is noticeable even with a deviation from the norm of 5-15%. The total hormone content in the blood consists of the free part - 2% and the part that is bound to proteins - 98%.

Causes and consequences of decreased male hormone levels

A decrease in testosterone levels can be primary (testicular damage) and secondary (pathology of the hypothalamic-pituitary system). Unfortunately, low hormone levels are a common phenomenon in modern young men. What is the reason for this shortage? Both various diseases and lifestyle can affect the decrease in testosterone.

A decrease in hormone levels immediately affects metabolism and has typical symptoms:

aching joints, decreased muscle mass,
memory problems,
erection problems, premature ejaculation,
breast enlargement, excess weight,
insomnia, decreased libido,
reduction of hair.

Hormone deficiency provokes excess weight gain, a man becomes irritable and prone to depression, in addition, the risk of developing various kinds diseases. Factors, helping to reduce the level of sex hormones:

stress,
unbalanced diet,
alcohol abuse,
STI,
taking certain medications
genital injuries,
sedentary lifestyle,
irregular lovemaking,
unfavorable environmental conditions.

If you see a man with overweight, know that his testosterone level in the blood is definitely low.

How to increase testosterone levels in men? Of course there are effective drugs for such cases, but only a specialist can prescribe them after an examination. First, let's look at natural and safe methods.

Nutrition

Hormone production complex process, which implies working together organs and systems. What foods increase testosterone in men? For normal androgen production, you must first provide the body with useful substances:

Minerals	To increase testosterone levels, it is important to consume enough zinc. With its deficiency, a drop in testosterone levels is observed. Zinc is found in the following foods: · seafood (shrimp, squid, oysters, crabs), · fish (herring, anchovies, carp), · nuts (pistachios, walnuts, almonds). It is important to provide the body sufficient quantity selenium, magnesium and calcium.
Vitamins	For good health The body requires vitamins: Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant, responsible for the body’s defenses, inhibits the production of cortisol, Vitamin E – helps insulin in the fight against high blood sugar levels, Omega-3 and omega-6 are essential acids necessary for the production of testosterone, B vitamins
Proteins and fats	The basis of nutrition and testosterone synthesis. It is important to balance your diet in such a way that there is no deficiency in either protein or fat. Healthy fats: flaxseed oil, peanut oil, olive oil, bananas, salmon, egg yolks.
Water	Sufficient consumption of clean water is necessary for coordinated work body.

Seafood is known for its ability to increase potency.

include parsley, spinach, dill in your menu - plant forms testosterone,
Dried fruits are very useful, they contain lutein,
be sure to eat porridge - fiber is necessary for the body,
avoid soy products,
exclude beer, fast food, carbonated drinks, fast carbohydrates (baked goods, sweets),
limit the amount of salt
You can drink no more than one cup of natural coffee per day,
products that increase testosterone in men should be natural, so try to buy meat in the markets, as imported meats can have the opposite effect. The fact is that to increase body weight, cattle are fed supplements containing hormones. And 80% of the hormones that are added to pig feed to quickly increase the amount of fat are female.

Weight normalization

How to increase testosterone production in men? Overweight men need to get rid of extra pounds. It has been proven that obese men have reduced levels of testosterone production. Male sex hormones are converted into female hormones in adipose tissue. Therefore, sports and proper nutrition are the companions of the present healthy man.

Physical activity

Strength training with weights has been shown to boost testosterone production. Basic recommendations:

The optimal duration of training is an hour,
number of workouts – 2-3 per week,
you need to train the large muscles of the back, legs, chest,
take the weight so that you can do the exercise 8 to 10 times, the last one with effort.

Get rid of bad habits

Under the influence of alcoholic drinks, testosterone is converted to estrogen. Any type of alcohol negatively affects the process of hormone production, and beer contains analogues of some female sex hormones. The exception is high-quality red dry wine, which is beneficial in moderation.

Physical activity increases the level of male hormones.

Limiting the amount of sugar in the diet

Elevated sugar levels lead to decreased testosterone production. In addition, excessive consumption of sweets leads to excess weight gain. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the amount of sugar and fast carbohydrates(this is pasta, bakery products).

Normalization of sleep

Healthy sleep is very important for men's health. Interestingly, most of the hormones are produced during the deep sleep phase. This is why lack of sleep leads to a sharp decrease in testosterone levels.

Avoid stress

Stress negatively affects the body as a whole and also contributes to the production of the hormone cortisone, an antagonist of male sex hormones. Try to maintain a stable emotional state.

Regular sex life

An active sex life stimulates the production of male hormones and has a beneficial effect on the entire body; this is a pleasant and effective way to increase testosterone in men. If you do not have a regular sexual partner, do not forget about safety, since STIs are dangerous to men’s health and often cause complications. It is also noted that simple communication with the fair half of humanity significantly increases testosterone levels.

Sunbathe

The sun is not only a source of vitamin D. Studies have proven that sun rays stimulate testosterone production. Therefore, in summer, do not forget to sunbathe.

Win!

Testosterone is the hormone of winners. Rejoice even in your minor achievements, enjoy life in all its manifestations.

A little about drugs

Only a doctor can prescribe medications containing hormones!

Medicines that increase testosterone in men are prescribed by specialists when the level of the hormone is below 10 nanomoles per liter:

Testosterone injections are prescribed for disorders of the gonads. Side effects are fluid and salt retention in the body, swelling, increased libido.
Oral medications (tablets).
Gels.
Testosterone patch.

Drugs that increase testosterone levels in men can only be prescribed by a doctor, since long-term use of such drugs can provoke the development complications:

inhibition of hormone production by the body,
development of gynecomastia (this is a pathology in which the mammary glands swell),
the risk of developing heart and vascular pathologies and cancer increases.

Increased testosterone levels

Signs increased testosterone for men:

increased body hair,
well developed muscles,
increased libido,
impulsiveness, such men are very aggressive,
On the head, unlike the body, a bald spot may appear.

The consequences of increased testosterone in men can be testicular tumors and infertility. Reasons higher level hormone:

tumors in the testicles,
pathological processes of the adrenal glands,
heredity,
taking medications containing hormones,
excessive physical activity.

Sources:

Gladkova A.I. " Hormonal regulation sexual function in men." Kharkov, 1998.
S. Krasnova. "Hormonal therapy", 2007.

What is testosterone? It is well known that it is a sex hormone. Where is testosterone produced in men? This biologically active substance is synthesized in the testicles by specific substances. By the way, there is another organ that produces testosterone.

The hormone is produced through androstenedione, which, in turn, is produced in the adrenal cortex. Typically, in a healthy man, testosterone is normally 10-40 nmol/l. You should know that this hormone is contained not only in the male, but also in female body.

Hormone production in women

Where is testosterone produced in women? In the female body, it is produced through the adrenal glands and eggs. Its level is considered normal if it does not exceed 0.31-3.78 nmol/l.

Testosterone: where is it produced and what is its function in the body?

For a man, this hormone is one of the most important. Testosterone is responsible for the appearance of secondary male sexual characteristics on the human body. These include:

Hair on the body and face.
Low voice.
Character traits and behavior.

Lack of testosterone also affects emotional background. A sharp decrease in its level often leads to neuroses and depression.

Also, the biologically active substance affects the condition of a woman’s skin and overall well-being. Due to hormone deficiency, skin tissues become dry. Girls often complain of a burning sensation and tightness. Skin deprived of moisture is more susceptible to the formation of wrinkles.

It's no secret that representatives of the fair sex periodically face hormonal changes that are associated with menstrual cycle. Of course, fluctuations in the level of certain substances affect the well-being, mood and behavior of girls. Sometimes to eliminate similar symptoms Doctors recommend taking special medications.

Is it possible to increase testosterone levels in the human body and how to do it?

First you need to determine the factors that affect the production of this hormone in the body. A man's testosterone levels fluctuate and are not constant. The amount of this substance is influenced by many factors, for example, the time of day. In the morning, the testosterone level in the stronger sex is at a high level, but in the evening it drops.

In order for testosterone to be produced in the required amount, a man needs to maintain physical activity. For example, playing sports in the gym, regular jogging, walking or swimming will have a positive effect on the functioning of the entire body, including the endocrine glands.

Of course, when choosing training you should take into account physical features every organism. Don't overdo the exercises and overload your muscles. A tired, exhausted body is not able to produce sex hormones in sufficient quantities.

Testosterone levels are highest in men aged 20 to 25 years. Then there is a slow decrease in the intensity of its production in the body. You should know that a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition have positive effect on men's health, including the processes of testosterone synthesis.

You should not be lazy - you need to keep yourself in good physical shape and watch your diet. Of course, sometimes it’s difficult to start doing something (for example, jogging in the morning or going to the pool), but if you make it a habit, then over time these actions will be carried out automatically, without extra effort above yourself. In addition, a man should always remember that such a lifestyle will contribute to the production of testosterone, which, in turn, leads to increased sexual activity and an improved figure. Healthy hormonal levels are the key to the normal functioning of the whole body.

What negatively affects testosterone production in guys?

If the lifestyle of a male representative is associated with the use of alcohol or other harmful substances, then the amount of the hormone may decrease to a minimum value. Smoking also has a negative effect on the production of biologically active substances.

Testosterone levels are also affected various pathologies, which may be present in the male body.

For example cancer affect the amount of hormone in the blood. Operational disruptions endocrine glands, in particular the hypothalamic-pituitary system, are also considered risk factors. Constant stress also has a negative effect on hormonal levels.

Contact your doctor!

If your body has low testosterone (you already know where this substance is produced), then it would be better to go to the doctor and get professional advice. In order to normalize the hormone level, you need to determine the reason for its drop.

Only after diagnosis will the doctor prescribe the necessary therapy and draw up effective scheme treatment. Besides insufficient quantity male hormone, there may be an excess of it. Both of these cases are considered abnormalities and require treatment.

How do you know if testosterone levels are low?

Most the right way - laboratory analysis blood. However, there are a number of signs by which you can determine that testosterone levels are lower than necessary.

A person's level of vital energy decreases.
Lack of strength, muscle weakness.
There is practically no sexual desire, problems with erection appear.
Muscle mass is lost and bone density decreases.
Subcutaneous fat begins to accumulate.
Blood pressure may rise.

For those people who are interested in sports, especially bodybuilding, testosterone levels are important as it affects muscle growth. On the other hand, you should not dope. The fact is that regular use of synthetic biologically active substances leads to atrophy of functional tissues that are responsible for the production of testosterone. The body stops synthesizing its own sex hormones, which leads to a host of dangerous problems.

The natural way

How to increase testosterone naturally? One of the main methods is proper training. There are a number of recommendations, following which you can achieve maximum results and raise the level of this hormone to normal.

What are some ways to increase testosterone?

It is worth paying attention to the multi-joint type of exercise.
Each approach should be repeated at least 4 times.
Repetitions when performing one exercise should be from 6 to 12.
Rest after physical activity.
The workout should last about an hour.
It is recommended to rest between sets.
Exercises should be performed at an average rhythm. There is no need to rush or, conversely, do them very slowly.

Nutrition

In addition to the training process, you should special attention pay attention to nutrition.

If a person exerts himself physically in the gym, then his nutrition should be appropriate. The number of calories consumed should be sufficient to meet the body's energy needs. That is, a person must be full of strength in order to cope with physical activity. But don't overdo it, as you can get reverse effect. It is necessary to keep the body in good shape.

It is recommended to eat meat (lean beef, chicken breast). There are statistics that people who do not eat it have lower levels of the male hormone. Of course, it is better to steam the dishes or bake them in the oven. Do not overuse fried foods and too fatty meats. You should include vegetables, herbs, and fruits in your diet.

A little conclusion

Now you know what testosterone is and where this hormone is produced. We also gave tips on how to increase it. We hope that the information in the article was useful to you. Do not forget that you need to carefully monitor your health and do not skip routine medical examinations.