Alkaline mineral water: names, composition, treatment and contraindications. Mineral water is a natural medicine

All the doctors and fitness instructors talk loudly and in unison about what you need to drink more water. In addition, it will be nice if daily use becomes a habit. mineral water.

If the body lacks fluid, it slows down metabolic processes, metabolic products are excreted worse. And this leads to a variety of nightmares ranging from flaky skin to severe digestive problems. A lack of fluid can even be the cause of edema - the cells “store” it. That's why general recommendations, especially relevant for those who want to deal with disordered eating, systematic overeating and overweight, are as follows: drink 30 grams of water per day per kilogram of body weight (but not more than 2 liters). There is a nuance: we're talking about specifically about water (juices, teas, broths, etc. for the body it is not drink, but food). The only problem is to choose what exactly to drink, since along with toxins and other garbage, the legendary “2 liters per day” flushes out of the body not at all unnecessary minerals. The logical solution is to drink mineral water, giving the body what it needs.

Salt to taste

Mineral water has the right to be called a liquid extracted from an officially registered underground source, with the original set of salts preserved. What kind of water is in the bottle should be written on the label. Look for the words "sediment at 180 degrees", "total salinity" or "total salinity" - they all mean the same thing.

Depending on how much chemical elements and other substances managed to be dissolved in water, it is declared medicinal (10-15 g of salts per liter, drunk only as prescribed by a doctor). You should not overuse medicinal waters - this can lead to the deposition of salts and other rather unpleasant consequences. Medicinal table mineral waters contain 1-10 g of salts per liter, are used for preventive purposes and for permanent use also not suitable.

IN table mineral water no more than 1 gram of salts per liter, it can be drunk at any time. And it would be nice if half of those “daily 2 liters” were just such water. You don’t have to worry too much about your choice and focus on your own taste - just drink the mineral water that you find especially pleasant. But if you intend to select a certain pool of mineral waters for constant use, for example, as part of a weight loss program or a maintenance course for any chronic disease, consultation with a specialist is necessary.

Classification of mineral waters according to the salts they contain:

• Bicarbonate mineral water ("Arkhyz"). Recommended for people leading active image life, infants and patients with cystitis. Harmful for gastritis.
• Sulphate mineral water ("Essentuki No. 20"). Recommended for liver problems; it has a mild laxative effect. Contraindicated in children and adolescents, since sulfates can interfere with calcium absorption, which means bone formation. For the same reason, women over 50 who are at risk for osteoparosis should not drink it.
• Chloride mineral water ("Essentuki No. 4", "Aksu"). Regulates intestinal function biliary tract and liver. Harmful for high blood pressure.
• Magnesium mineral water ("Narzan", "Erinskaya"). Helps with constipation and stress, not recommended for people prone to stomach upsets.
• Fluoride mineral water ("Lazarevskaya", "Sochinskaya"). Recommended for pregnant women and people suffering from osteoporosis. Contraindicated for those who have fluoridated tap water.
• Ferrous mineral water ("Martialnaya", "Polyustrovskaya"). Shown when iron deficiency anemia. Contraindicated for peptic ulcer.
• Sour mineral water ("Shmakovskaya"). Recommended for low acidity gastric juice. Harmful for ulcers.
• Sodium mineral water ("Smirnovskaya", "Narzan"). Helps with constipation and poor digestion, is not recommended for hypertensive patients and those prescribed a low-salt diet.
• Calcium mineral water ("Smirnovskaya", "Slavyanovskaya"). Recommended for milk intolerance, pregnant women, children and adolescents. May reduce blood pressure. Strict contraindications does not have.

Most mineral waters contain a large range of salts and therefore belong to several classes at the same time. For example, “Smirnovskaya” is sodium-calcium, “Narzan” is sodium-magnesium, etc. By the way, there is no need to cook in a “mineral water”, even a dining room one - when boiling, the salts give sediment and can form compounds that are not absorbed by the body.

With or without bubbles?

Mineral water can be carbonated or without gas. If for medical reasons you drink, for example, Essentuki 17, which can only be carbonated, you have no choice. If there are no such strict frameworks, decide for yourself - water “with bubbles” or without. First of all, the gas can be natural or artificially added. The second option seems dubious to gastroenterologists: the “non-native” gas can interfere with the absorption of mineral substances in the water itself. In addition, there is an opinion that in general any carbonated liquid contributes to the appearance of cellulite. By the way, it happens that gas from natural carbonated water naturally disappears. And before bottling it is again, artificially, added to the water. Taking into account all of the above, I would like to stick to water without gas - sin gas or eau naturelle.

If you still choose soda, keep in mind: firstly, no more than 2 glasses a day (otherwise the main effect of use will be a bloated belly). Secondly, in case of chronic gastritis with high acidity and ulcers, mineral water is drunk quickly, almost in one gulp, and in case of normal and low acidity - slowly, in small sips.

Difficult question

Real natural mineral water requires delicate handling from those who bottle it. Certainly, ideal option- Drink water directly from the source. But, since “Narzan” does not flow from every tap, let’s return to bottled mineral water.

Most liquids that are declared " mineral water", are born like this: first, water from an artesian well (well, if not from a water supply) undergoes deep purification. Such filtration not only removes everything harmful impurities, but at the same time it rids the water of everything useful that accidentally ended up in it. At the second stage, salts and other minerals are added to the water, bringing chemical composition to any state. Of course, with this approach there may be more or less salts than we would like. And even if there is exactly as much “filling” as is needed, for example, for “Essentuki”, it will still not be a “living” environment, but simply a solution of salts. Of course therapeutic effect There is no need to expect anything from drinking such liquid.

Unfortunately, it is difficult to determine what kind of water is standing in front of you on the supermarket shelf. It is worth focusing on famous manufacturers and famous springs, glass containers that better preserve the properties of water, and quite high price. Another fairly safe option is local mineral water, which is simply not economically profitable to counterfeit. By the way, in the Moscow region there are quite enough decent sources - in Dorokhovo, Monino, Tishkovo, Zvenigorod, Arkhangelsk, Erin, Istra and so on.

If we are talking about a complete (at least safe) product, the following information must be indicated on the label:

• Name of water
• Name and contacts of the manufacturer
• Chemical composition
• Degree and method of mineralization
• Source name
• Storage rules
• Best before date

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The Greek physician Archigenes, who lived in the 1st century BC, was the first to state that healing power groundwater lies in their composition. He even systematized them, dividing them into four types. Today, everyone knows that the power of water is directly related to its content.

What is mineral water

WITH high content it contains salts and trace elements. Its properties help maintain the body in good shape and treat a number of diseases. Bottled, it must contain up to 1000 solid particles per liter (a million particles of its own weight) - that is, mineralization must be above 1 g/l or contain an amount of active microelements not lower than balneological standards (new Russian GOST). Mineral table water differs from other types of bottled water in the constant amount of various elements in the source. They are delivered to the surface of the earth using boreholes, the depth of which can reach two kilometers or even more. On the territory Russian Federation Today there are more than a thousand springs with mineral waters.

What groups is it divided into?

Increased concentration in water is biologically active substances And mineral salts, allows you to divide water into three groups.

1. Medicinal-8-10 g/l.
2. Medicinal table-mineral water -2-8 g/l.
3. Natural mineral (table) is filled with mineral salts of no more than 1 g/l.

Table water is drunk in any quantity. It has no taste, no foreign odors, is pleasant and soft, has a neutral composition that cannot cause harm to the body when used. excessive consumption, in contrast to medicinal and medicinal table waters, which must be drunk only after consulting a doctor.

Not mineral waters

Incompetence in this matter often leads to the fact that the buyer, not paying attention to the price tag with a description of the product, purchases a product that is completely useless to his body. Mineralized and carbonated have significant differences. They're just different. And the manufacturer must indicate this in the information on the label. All active substances and minerals are added artificially to mineralized water. Natural balance It is simply impossible to recreate the substances of real mineral waters, so you can, of course, drink such “unnatural” water, but you shouldn’t expect any special benefits from it for the body.

Classes of natural water

We found out that table mineral water has a certain concentration of minerals, is absolutely safe for health, suitable for daily use and doesn't have side effects. Now it should be noted that mineral waters differ in their composition, effect on the human body and are divided into different classes.

Hydrocarbonate sulfate

It is also a mineral-organic medical canteen. Helps in the treatment of kidney disease. The most common ones are Borjomi and Narzan. Borjomi includes a whole series useful to the body microelements, there is chlorine, sodium and calcium in large quantities, there is sulfur, potassium, magnesium, fluorine, boron, silicon. There is also titanium, aluminum and strontium in small proportions. In small doses, this healing water even contains sulfur. Medicinal table mineral water "Narzan" has no less valuable composition. It is based on magnesium, calcium and sodium. Strontium, manganese, zinc, boron and iron are found in lower concentrations here.

Chloride-sulfate

Shown when chronic pathologies intestines with complications in its reflex activity. This is very useful for obesity, diabetes and biliary tract diseases. Particularly popular in this category are “Essentuki-17” and “Ekateringofskaya” water. The taste of the water is soda-salty, and the smell is completely unpleasant, something reminiscent of rotten egg, but mineralization (and therefore medicinal properties) is high, and the composition includes boron, bromine, iron, arsenic and many other biologically active elements.

Bicarbonate sulfate calcium

This medicinal table mineral water is prescribed for chronic intestinal pathologies, peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, as well as a number of other diseases, in particular, enterocolitis and colitis. This class also includes “Borjomi”, “Narzan”, “Essentuki No. 20” and “Smirnovskaya” water.

“Smirnovskaya” - medicinal table water with a low degree of mineralization (3-4 g/l) is rich in sodium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, sulfate and bicarbonate. Like other waters of this class can be used for a long time (but only in certain quantities) and is indicated exclusively in medicinal purposes. It is important to avoid drinking this water in case of exacerbation of the above diseases.

“Essentuki No. 20” is distinguished by its unique origin. The value of water lies in its exceptional natural purity, which does not require any additional purification. Obtained only from Thanks to the wonderful taste qualities and the natural origin of water, it can be consumed without any restrictions. The composition contains sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, as well as chloride, sulfate and bicarbonate. They claim that daily consumption this water helps to cope even with such delicate issue like sexual impotence.

Hydrocarbonate-chloride-sulfate

Prescribed for such pathologies in the body as decreased gastric secretion and gastritis. Such medicinal waters include “Essentuki No. 17”, “Essentuki No. 4”, “Narzan”, “Azovskaya”. The composition of Essentuki No. 4 mineral water is distinguished by a rather dense concentration of mineral salts (7-10 g/l). It is saturated with bicarbonates, potassium, sodium and chlorides, and contains calcium, sulfates and magnesium. To preserve all medicinal properties, water is bottled directly at the place of its extraction. Using a special mineral pipeline, it goes through three stages of filtration, without coming into contact with air at all, for the complete safety of all volatile substances in it.

Hydrocarbonate water

Depending on the method of its use, it helps stimulate or slow down gastric secretion. Most often used for treatment urolithiasis. Hydrocarbonate waters are ideal for those who love sports, as they help quickly restore the reserve level of alkali in the body when hard work muscles. It is not recommended to drink them throughout the day, but a few sips before starting a workout and a couple of glasses at the end will help the body quickly recover. The most famous brands are Borjomi and Essentuki No. 17.

Sulphate water

Helps with the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. It is used for chronic hepatitis, diabetes, obesity. Mineral water contains calcium, sodium, magnesium, and chlorine. This so-called bitter water promotes the production of bile and excretion from the body. bad cholesterol And toxic substances. Among the most popular in this class are “Essentuki No. 4”, “Borjomi”, “Essentuki No. 17”, “Smirnovskaya”, “Ekateringofskaya”, “Berezovskaya” and other brands.

How to choose the right water

Absolutely all table mineral water has healing properties. Its names indicate a number of qualities that affect the body in a special way. This should be known and taken into account when purchasing. For example, Essentuki No. 4 water is drunk according to a specially defined scheme. 30-40 minutes before the first meal in the morning (on an empty stomach), drink one glass, the same volume should be drunk before lunch, and the third can be consumed in the evening, immediately after coming from work. During the time it takes for dinner to be prepared, the water will have time to absorb and prepare digestive tract to work. If you cannot follow the regimen completely, you can only stick to morning and evening doses. The main thing here is compliance important rule: drink water half an hour, maximum an hour, before meals. The cumulative effect is important here and after a month the results of the positive impact on the body will definitely become visible.

Russian table mineral waters are available for sale in a very large assortment. Below we list the main ones that taste good and are most often used as a daily table drink.

- “Karmadon” - refers to medicinal, but is often used as a dining room, differs increased content hydrocarbonates.

- “Kuyalnik” - extracted from a source located in Odessa, has pleasant taste and helps in the treatment of many chronic pathologies.

- “Alma-Ata” - its source is located near the Ili River, not far from the city of Almaty, it is used as a dining room, but is especially useful for diseases of the liver and stomach.

- “Borjomi” is a world-famous carbonated mineral water that tastes great and quenches thirst well.

- “Kyiv” - processed with silver ions, produced at an experimental plant, and is in good demand among buyers.

- “Kishinevskaya” - low-mineralized water, ideal for daily use, useful due to its sulfate-hydrocarbonate-magnesium-sodium-calcium composition.

- “Narzan” is another world-famous table mineral water, the source is located in Kislovodsk. It is perfectly refreshing and is highly valued by consumers due to a number of healing properties.

- “Polyustrovskaya” - known since 1718. The source is located near the city of St. Petersburg. Due to its high iron content, it quickly increases and normalizes the level of hemoglobin in the blood, fights loss of strength and anemia.

- “Kherson” is another ferruginous water, low-mineralized, can be consumed daily, but is especially recommended for loss of strength and anemia.

- “Kharkovskaya” - available in two types, No. 1 and No. 2, is effective in case of metabolic disorders, has several unusual taste, good after serving hot dishes.

- "Essentuki" - the famous table carbonated mineral water, the numbering on the bottles occurs according to its sources of origin, which are located on famous resort and in the Stavropol Territory.

- “Essentuki No. 20” is mineralized water, has a sour taste of carbon dioxide, and is positioned as a medicinal and table water.

- “Obolonskaya” - water with excellent taste, chloride-hydrocarbonate-sodium-magnesium, great option as a dining room.

- “Sairme” - often used for obesity and poor metabolism, tastes good, the source is located at the resort of the same name in Georgia.

High-quality table mineral water must meet a number of standards.

1. Extracted only from natural source and spill in the immediate vicinity of it.
2. Be officially registered.
3. Sold only in its original form. Without the use of other cleaning methods. The use of filters is permissible only in exceptional situations, for example, in the presence of undesirable substances in the composition and to remove mechanical impurities.

You can distinguish high-quality mineral water from ordinary drinking water using GOST or TU, which each manufacturer must indicate on the label:

The old GOST 13273-88 and the new GOST 54316-2011 are real natural mineral water;

- well number and TU 9185 (other numbers may change) also indicate the quality of the water;

The inscription TU 0131 indicates that this is ordinary drinking water.

Medicinal table mineral water- mineral water intended for both regular drinking (not regular drinking) and for medicinal purposes.

According to GOST R 54316-2011, water with mineralization from 1 to 10 g/l inclusive or with less mineralization if it contains biological active ingredients, the mass concentration of which is not less than those listed in the table below balneological standards. Regardless of the degree of mineralization, medicinal table mineral waters include mineral waters containing the following components:

Biologically active component	Component content, mg per 1 liter of water	Name of mineral water group
Free carbon dioxide (contained at source)	⩾ 500	carbonic acid
Iron	⩾ 10	glandular
Boron (in terms of orthoboric acid)	35,0–60,0	boric
Silicon (in terms of metasilicon acid)	⩾ 50	siliceous
Iodine	5,0–10,0	iodine
Organic matter(based on carbon)	5,0–15,0	containing organic matter

Mineral waters that are not medicinal and table waters

Mineral waters with mineralization less than 1 g/l are classified as table waters. Table waters can be recommended for regular drinking over a long period of time. Mineral waters with a mineralization of more than 10 g/l or in the presence of certain biologically active components are classified as medicinal mineral waters. Drinking medicinal mineral waters is recommended only after consultation with a specialist.

Medical use of mineral waters

Mineral waters are indicated for:

• gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophagitis
• chronic gastritis with normal, low and high acidity
• stomach and/or duodenal ulcers,

(beyond the acute stage), as well as for other diseases (see. List of medical indications for the use of mineral waters). For each type of mineral water, GOST R 54316-2011 establishes a list medical indications, which is an excerpt from the said List.

Before bottling, in order to preserve the chemical composition and medicinal properties, medicinal table mineral water is usually carbonated with carbon dioxide. However, before using for medicinal purposes, bottled water most often needs to be degassed (without applying excessive heat, which can change the chemical composition of the water). For therapeutic or long-term use For medicinal table mineral waters, specialist consultation is required.

Medicinal table mineral waters of Russian origin

This directory presents some of the medicinal table mineral waters used in the treatment of gastroenterological diseases:

• Group I according to GOST R 54316-2011. Hydrocarbonate sodium waters:
• "Maikopskaya", Republic of Adygea
• " ", "Nagutskaya-56" Caucasian Mineralnye Vody, Stavropol Territory

• Group V. Hydrocarbonate-sulfate, calcium-sodium, siliceous mineral waters:
• "Novoterskaya healing plant, Stavropol region

• Group VII. Hydrocarbonate-chloride-sulfate sodium (chloride-bicarbonate-sulfate) mineral waters:
• "Sernovodskaya", Chechen Republic
• Group VIIa. Hydrocarbonate-sulfate-chloride sodium, siliceous mineral waters:
• “Healing Essentuki”, Caucasian Mineral Waters
• Group VIII. Sulfate-hydrocarbonate calcium-sodium mineral waters:
• "Slavyanovskaya
• "Smirnovskaya", Zheleznovodsk, Caucasian Mineral Waters
• Group X. Sulfate-hydrocarbonate sodium-magnesium-calcium mineral waters:


• Group XI. Calcium sulfate mineral waters:
• "", resort Krainka, Tula region
• "Ufimskaya", Krasnousolsky resort, Bashkortostan
• "Nizhne-Ivkinskaya No. 2K", Kirov region
• Group XIII. Sulfate sodium-magnesium-calcium mineral waters:
• “Kashinskaya” (“Kashinskaya resort”, “Anna Kashinskaya” and “Kashinskaya voditsa”), Kashin resort, Tver region
• Group XVII. Chloride-sulfate-sodium mineral waters:
• “Lipetsk pump room”, Lipetsk
• "Lipetskaya", Lipetsk
• Group XVIII. Chloride-sulfate calcium-sodium mineral waters:
• "Uglichskaya", Uglich, Yaroslavl region
• Group XXV. Chloride-bicarbonate sodium mineral waters:


• Group XXVa. Chloride-bicarbonate sodium, boron mineral waters:
• "Essentuki No. 4", Caucasian Mineral Waters
• Group XXIXa. Chloride-hydrocarbonate calcium-sodium, boron, ferruginous, siliceous mineral waters:
• "Elbrus", Elbrus field, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
• Mineral medicinal table waters of Russian origin not classified into groups within this directory:
• sulfate-hydrocarbonate sodium mineral water "Ardzhi", Caucasian Mineral Waters
• chloride-hydrocarbonate-sulfate calcium-sodium mineral water "Belokurikha Vostochnaya No. 2", Belokurikha resort, Altai region
• sulfate-chloride sodium mineral water “Borskaya”, Borskoye village, Samara region
• Varzi-Yatchi", resort Varzi-Yatchi, Udmurtia
• sulfate magnesium-calcium mineral water “Dorokhovskaya”, Ruza district, Moscow region
• chloride-sulfate calcium-sodium mineral water "Ikoretskaya", Liskinsky district of the Voronezh region
• hydrocarbonate sulfate-calcium water “Kazanchinskaya”, Bashkortostan
• magnesium-calcium sulfate mineral water “Klyuchi”, Klyuchi resort, Perm region
• hydrocarbonate-sodium mineral water “Nezhdaninskaya”, Yakutia
• sulfate-sodium-calcium mineral water “Uvinskaya”, Udmurtia
• chloride-sulfate calcium-sodium (magnesium-calcium sodium) mineral water “Uleimskaya (magnesium)”, Uglich, Yaroslavl region
• hydrocarbonate magnesium-calcium mineral water “Urochishche Doliny Narzanov”, Karachay-Cherkessia
• sulfate magnesium-calcium mineral water “Ustkachkinskaya”, Bashkortostan
• sulfate-chloride sodium-potassium mineral water “Healer”, Chuvashia

Mixtures of natural medicinal table mineral waters (unnatural waters)

Sometimes during extraction and production, for one reason or another, two or more medicinal table mineral waters from different sources and/or different deposits are mixed. Sometimes such waters are called unnatural. They are not subject to GOST R 54316-2011. “Natural drinking mineral waters. General technical specifications" Based on their composition or the fact that they are a mixture of medicinal and table waters, they are also positioned as medicinal and table waters. Such waters, in particular, include:

• chloride-bicarbonate sulfate sodium mineral water "

Mineral water is one of the oldest natural medicines used by people. There's a lot in it essential microelements. For centuries, hospitals existed near the sources of healing mineral waters, resorts and sanatoriums were created, and later bottling plants were built.

Today we can buy mineral water in a store, pharmacy, or kiosk. The choice is huge. What is its use? How to choose? How to drink correctly? How to avoid fakes?

Main characteristics of mineral drinking water

Mineral water is water formed in the depths earth's crust and is a product of complex natural geochemical processes. Mineral waters are distinguished by a high salt content (mineralization), as well as either the presence of gases (carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide), or radioactivity, or the presence of particularly active ions (arsenic, iodine, iron), or a higher temperature.

As a rule, underground mineral waters do not contain pathogenic bacteria and do not require special purification.

Mineral water does not include water that is subjected to additional processing: softened, enriched, and passed through special filters. As a result of these manipulations, the chemical composition of water changes greatly. Artificially created mineral water, which is a solution of mineral salts with a composition similar to natural ones, is not considered mineral.

Such water does not correspond to water extracted from the bowels of the earth.

The most famous brands of mineral drinking water

Mineral waters, due to the degree of their mineralization and the content of a number of biologically active substances, are widely used for a number of chronic organ diseases gastrointestinal tract, liver, etc.

1. "Borjomi". The source is located in Georgia, 140 km from Tbilisi, at an altitude of 800 m above sea level. The most famous and widespread carbonate bicarbonate-sodium water. Its mineralization is 5.5-7.5 g/l. belongs to the group of medicinal table waters. "Borjomi" is taken for gastritis with high acidity, peptic ulcers, liver diseases, urinary tract, metabolic disorders.
2. "Narzan". Mineral water from two springs of the Kislovodsk resort ( North Caucasus). one of the most valuable medicinal table waters. Mineralization - 2-3 g/l. Water quenches thirst well and increases appetite. It contains carbon dioxide, therefore it enhances the secretory function of the digestive glands. Large quantity calcium bicarbonate gives it anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effects. The salts contained, especially magnesium sulfate, sharply increase the evacuation function of the intestines. This water is recommended for diseases of the stomach and intestines, liver due to a decrease in their secretory function and tone, as well as for inflammation of the urinary tract.
3. "Essentuki". Mineral waters obtained from the sources of the Essentuki resort (North Caucasus).
4. “Essentuki No. 2” - medicinal table carbonated water, mineralization 3.1-6.1 g/l. Useful for chronic gastritis, colitis, liver and urinary tract diseases, metabolic disorders.
5. Essentuki No. 4 - medicinal table mineral water (carbon dioxide bicarbonate-chloride-sodium). mineralization 8-10 g/l. Recommended for many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastritis, intestinal sluggishness), diseases of the liver, gall bladder and urinary tract, has a beneficial effect on metabolism.
6. Essentuki No. 17 - medicinal mineral water (carbon dioxide bicarbonate-chloride-sodium). Mineralization - 11-14 g/l. In composition and indications it is close to Essentuki No. 4. Prescribed for gastritis with low acidity, chronic cholecystitis and cholangitis, gout, metabolic disorders.
7. Essentuki No. 20 - drinking table carbonated water. Total mineralization - 0.65-1.35 g/l. Increases gastric secretion and improves metabolism. Recommended for chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, chronic diseases liver, biliary and urinary tracts, pancreatitis, colitis.
8. Slavic. The source is located on the eastern slope of Mount Zheleznaya in the Zheleznovodsk resort. Belongs to the group of medicinal table waters (carbon dioxide-hydrocarbonate-sulfate-sodium-calcium). Mineralization - 3-4 g/l. Useful for gastritis with high acidity, stomach ulcers, kidney diseases, urinary tract diseases, gynecological diseases, metabolic diseases.

These brands of mineral water are the most famous not only in our country, but also abroad. But they have their analogues among other Russian mineral waters. For example, “Shadrinskaya” is close to “Essentuki No. 4”, and “Nagurskaya No. 26” is close to “Borjomi”.

Currently, more than 800 items are registered in Russia. However, not all of them are mineral, and some of them are simply a solution of salts in ordinary drinking water.

In Pyatigorsk, at the All-Russian meeting to combat the spread of counterfeit mineral waters, it was said that every second bottle in the country is counterfeit. First of all, this concerns the medicinal and medicinal table waters of the Caucasus. Water obtained from a well retains its properties for only a few hours and can be bottled and hermetically packaged immediately after extraction.

A lot is illegally exported in tanks and bottled thousands of kilometers from the sources (whereas during the journey it has already lost its medicinal properties).

Many drinking purified waters obtained from wells in regions far from the actual sources are also sold as mineral waters.

How to choose mineral drinking water?

How to choose high-quality mineral water?

Water can deteriorate; in plastic it is stored for no more than 18 months, in glass - up to two years.

Pay attention to the bottle.

1. The label should not be glued crookedly or askew; a self-respecting manufacturer will not stick it on haphazardly.
2. The plug should not turn easily.
3. The bottle must not be dented.
4. A yellowish or greenish tint to the water is acceptable, as is sediment.

Before purchasing the right mineral water, you must carefully read the label.

The label must indicate:

1. Trademark.
2. Type - carbonated, non-carbonated.
3. Information about mineralization.
4. Source name and well number.
5. Manufacturer's address.
6. Where it was spilled, it’s good if it was spilled on the spot.
7. Purpose - medical, dining room, medical dining room.
8. Origin of water (mineral, glacial, artesian, spring).
9. Chemical composition.
10. Date of manufacture, expiration date.
11. Documents according to which it is produced (GOST or TU), according to GOST - a tested well, studied water that can be consumed without fear. According to the specifications - ordinary water, new unexplored wells.

Now a little about plastic. Plastic bottles should not be left in the sun as they may emit harmful substances. Always read the marks on the bottom of the package.

1. The number 1 in the arrows means that this is a disposable bottle and should not be reused.
2. 2 in arrows - afraid hot water And detergents, is also disposable.
3. 7 or 8 in arrows - durable container for repeated use.
4. 5 - durable material that can withstand high temperatures.

Table drinking water

Table water can be divided into 2 groups:

1. The first category is extracted from wells, open reservoirs or from a water supply. Its only requirement is cleanliness.
2. The highest category is more expensive. but more useful. it is not treated chemically and always contains mineral salts.

For diseases of the heart, kidneys, stomach with a large number mineral salts, you need to be careful.

A few more important rules.

1. Don't get carried away with distilled water. When processing they use chemicals, For example. special resin. This substance removes hardness salts, calcium and magnesium salts and replaces them with sodium ions. Sodium blocks the removal of fluid from the body, blocks the work of the heart muscle and puts a serious burden on the kidneys.
2. It is better to buy water in small bottles of 0.5 and 1 liter. Experts are sure that the water in large bottles is highly purified and diluted; it has often been noticed that the water in a small bottle from the same manufacturer is much better.
3. The daily water intake is from 1.5 to 2 liters. You need to drink often. little by little. If you have fluid retention (edema, dark circles under the eyes, then the main volume of water should be drunk before 18.00.
4. Drink water at room temperature.
5. Boil no more than twice.

Conclusion: drinking mineral water useful product, pay attention to mineralization, if it is not higher than 1 g/l, then you can safely quench your thirst with it. But consume medicinal mineral waters strictly as prescribed by your doctor.

Best regards, Olga.

Drink a day and in what form to consume it do not subside. Some people prefer to replace regular water with mineral water. Canteen, medical dining room, medicinal mineral water - what's the difference? And which of these types of water will benefit you?

How is mineral water different from plain water?

The US FDA clarifies this issue. food products and drugs (FDA). According to their standards, water can be considered mineral if it contains at least 250 particles for every million - you won’t believe it! - mineral particles (in terms of liters this is 250 mg/l). By Russian standards, mineral waters include waters with a total mineralization of at least 1 g/l.

In addition, such water must be obtained from natural sources. So tap water, even additionally enriched with various microelements, cannot rightfully be called mineral.

What microelements should be in mineral water? Most often these include magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, chlorine, phosphorus, and sulfur. There are a decent amount of these components in mineral water, and their composition determines its type - for example, chloride or magnesium. Also, mineral water may contain iron, chromium, fluorine, copper, manganese, selenium, and so on.

Depending on the concentration of these elements, mineral water can be classified as table water, medicinal water, or medicinal water. According to Russian GOST, water with mineralization up to 1 g per liter is considered table water, medicinal water - from 1 to 10 g/l, medicinal - from 10 to 15 g/l. Sometimes mineral water can be considered medicinal, even if total concentration microelements in it are below 10 g per liter, but the content of individual active components exceeds the established standards.

As the name implies, medicinal mineral water is needed only for indications and in the treatment of certain diseases, esophagitis, gastric ulcers, diseases of the intestines, liver, gall bladder, urinary tract, diabetes mellitus, obesity, anemia. Medicinal table water can be drunk in in moderation for prevention, and table mineral water is useful for all healthy people. If you are thinking about regularly buying table or medicinal table mineral water, you should carefully read the labels - and understand how this or that water will affect you.

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Hydrocarbonate (alkaline) water - for the prevention of gastritis

But it can help fight dyspepsia, or “syndrome lazy stomach"(in Russia this disease is often diagnosed as " chronic gastritis"). In people prone to this type of digestive disorder, the stomach easily becomes full, heaviness and nausea occur. The reason is overproduction hydrochloric acid- the main component of gastric juice.

Bicarbonates neutralize hydrochloric acid, so alkaline mineral water allows you to get rid of pain and bloating in the stomach after eating and prevent exacerbation of gastritis.

Bicarbonate mineral water has other useful features: it allows you to maintain cholesterol levels (by increasing the secretion of bile, which helps remove excess cholesterol from the body), reduce the concentration in the blood - and this helps in the prevention of heart disease, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Sulfate water - for constipation

This mineral water contains sulfuric acid salts - sulfates: for example, sodium sulfate. Their amount must be at least 200 mg/l. Sulphate water will be useful, in particular, to those who periodically suffer. Water with a high concentration of magnesium sulfate will help improve bowel movements and reduce the need to take laxatives. And sulfate-hydrocarbonate magnesium-calcium mineral water (like Narzan) ensures the prevention of diseases of the biliary tract - dyskinesia, cholelithiasis. It will also help improve digestion for those who have had their gallbladder removed.

Chloride water - for digestion

It contains chlorides - salts of hydrochloric acid - in an amount of at least 200 mg/l. The most common sodium chloride mineral water is also called “salty” (this includes waters of the Obukhov type, Essentuki). It speeds up digestion - like healthy people, and in those who are predisposed to dyspepsia.

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Calcium water - for osteoporosis

It should contain 150 mg or more calcium per liter. This water is useful for women; it will help preserve strong bones and will prevent osteoporosis. This is especially true for those who get little calcium from food - in particular, little or no dairy products. Calcium water is also useful for children and adolescents (for normal bone formation), pregnant women (prevention of calcium deficiency and tooth decay), and elderly men (protection against osteoporosis).

Sodium water - for athletes

This mineral water, which contains at least 200 mg/l of sodium salts, is important for those who actively engage in sports - it helps replenish the supply of microelements that leave the body with sweat. Those who are predisposed to cardiovascular diseases- it can increase blood pressure. Therefore, older people and people with heart problems should avoid it (especially sodium chloride mineral water) and drink water that contains no more than 20 mg/l of sodium salts.

reduces mortality from disease. This is not surprising, because magnesium is essential element For normal operation hearts and circulatory system: it allows you to maintain vascular tone, dilates them during spasm and normalizes blood pressure. Magnesium controls muscle function, and the heart is also a muscle that is kept in shape thanks to the trace element.

“You need to drink medicinal table mineral water in reasonable quantities. The fact is that regular excessive consumption of carbonated drinks can negatively affect the condition of the mucous membrane of the esophagus and stomach. If this cold water, That negative effect intensifies.

Since mineral water contains trace elements in different concentrations, the effect on the body may be different. Some mineral waters can have a laxative effect, others have a strengthening effect, some work to reduce blood pressure, others - for promotion. Therefore, it is better to consult with your doctor about which mineral water will benefit you and not harm you,” a nutritionist and candidate explained to the Mail.Ru Health project medical sciences Ksenia Selezneva.