When are antibiotics indicated for sore throat? When treatment takes place in a hospital

Taking antibiotics for a sore throat with purulent formations on the tonsils is mandatory. Thanks to treatment using drugs, the disease will not get worse. Antibiotics for purulent sore throat in adults should only be prescribed by a physician, after having previously examined the patient and done a test for susceptibility to the medication.

To get rid of purulent sore throat, what antibiotic will help? This question interests many patients. An antibiotic is selected based on age category patient, the possible presence of allergies, difficulties in taking the tablet form of drugs due to pain in the throat. It is also important to know whether the disease occurred for the first time or has already had to be treated, and to determine the susceptibility of the infection using tests.

Purulent tonsillitis is one of the most serious forms of disease, the causative agents of which are streptococcus and pneumococcus.

Causes of the disease:

rhinitis;
sinusitis;
caries;
stomatitis;
chronic pathologies;
long-term illnesses;
failure to comply with hygiene rules.

Symptoms of the disease:

sudden increase in temperature;
tonsils become larger;
formation of pus on the tonsils;
bad breath;
pain when swallowing;
swollen lymph nodes;
diarrhea;
vomit;
weakness in the body;
Possible otitis media.

A diagnosis of purulent tonsillitis can be made by visually examining the patient, also by taking an analysis taken from the surface of the tonsils. Having determined the pathogenesis, the optimal treatment regimen is prescribed.

Can I stop taking medications?

Treatment of purulent sore throat with antibiotics is mandatory for speedy recovery. Since sore throat is a bacterial disease, antibiotics are needed to eliminate it. By refusing to take it, there may be a risk of developing serious and dangerous complications for life.

It is important to know that purulent formations on the tonsils appear due to bacterial tonsillitis. Viral and fungal tonsillitis develop without pus, although with purulent sore throat a cheesy coating forms. In this case, when a doctor diagnoses a purulent sore throat (he is able to distinguish fungal disease from a bacterial disease), treatment is required using antibiotics and only those that can act on the infection.

How to take an antibiotic correctly?

Purulent tonsillitis should be treated strictly, following the doctor’s instructions. The duration of the course, the doses used, and the set of drugs for complex use must be individual. Since the well-being and course of the disease in patients with angina may be different. If taking an antibiotic gives a positive result for one patient, then it is not suitable for another at all. Also, the dosage of the drug for an adult may not adversely affect him, while for children and pregnant women it may be harmful.

It is important that the treatment of sore throat with antibiotics is carried out by a specialized doctor who will select and prescribe necessary medications on an individual basis.

When taking antibiotics, it is important to follow these rules:

The course of drug use must be completed to the end. This point also applies to cases where the patient’s improvements are noticeable already on the 3rd day. Interruption may give rise to complications. Therefore, if the prescription indicates a period of a week of intake, you need to drink exactly a week, no less;
the minimum use of the product takes 7 days, on average 10 days;
In general, only a doctor can change the antibiotic to another or stop taking it. The doctor can cancel the drug if the treatment does not bring the desired effect, or if the drug is not detected during the test. pathogenic bacteria, and fungi are present. Then you need to treat a fungal disease.

If any side effects, the doctor may replace the drug or prescribe auxiliary agents. They are necessary for the symptomatic treatment of such adverse manifestations.

Contraindications and side effects

Antibiotic for purulent sore throat penicillin group contraindicated in patients with allergic reactions to previously used penicillin, with bronchial asthma, hay fever, urticaria.

Do not use the macrolide group of drugs and cephalosporins if you are allergic to this type.

midecamycin;
roxithromycin;
clarithromycin.

During breastfeeding, women are not prescribed:

josamycin;
clarithromycin;
midecamycin;
roxithromycin;
spiramycin.

The penicillin group of antibiotics has less toxicity when treating purulent tonsillitis. When using them it is possible:

the occurrence of allergies;
skin rash;
development of anaphylactic shock;
state of nausea;
inflammation of the oral mucosa;
diarrhea;
inflammatory process in the tongue;
damage to the skin, mucous membranes, internal organs fungus.

If the dose is exceeded, the patient may become delirious and convulsions are possible.

Macrolide drugs are considered the safest, side effects are rarely observed. The following adverse reactions were recorded:

vomit;
nausea;
diarrhea;
headache;
dizziness;
altered heart rhythm;
inflammation of the vein walls.

Cephalosprorin antibiotics are rarely used, although they manifest themselves allergic reactions. It could be:

rash;
bronchospasms;
Quincke's edema.

Also observed anaphylactic shock, the composition of the blood changes, vomiting, diarrhea with blood, stomach pain, candidiasis.

If the patient has renal failure, when consuming high dose may lead to convulsions.

What medications are prescribed for angina?

When the disease occurs, antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment. They are prescribed both in tablets and in injections, if the patient has serious condition diseases.

Treatment of sore throat with purulent formations on the tonsils does not take place without antibiotics of the penicillin group. Typically, the therapist prescribes the following medications for purulent sore throat:

amoxicillin;
phenoxymethylpenicillin;
ampicillin;
oxacillin;
benzathine penicillin.

These drugs are safe for health and have good digestibility, provide effective action for a bacterial infection.

Amoxicillin is often well tolerated. The drug is removed from the body slowly, so it must be taken 3 times a day. The dosage is calculated by the doctor based on the patient’s weight, age, condition, and possible complications are taken into account.

There are cases that treatment with antibiotics of the penicillin group does not bring results when used for a long time. This indicates that during this time, strains of bacteria (streptococcus, staphylococcus) appeared that developed resistance to them. Therefore, protected penicillins are often prescribed.

Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid:

amoxiclav;
augmentin;
flemoxin salutab.

Ampicillin and sulbactam:

sultamicillin;
unasin;
sultasin;
ampisid.

Thanks to clavulanic acid or sulbactam, bacterial protection is neutralized, and the antibiotic destroys the bacterial wall.

The penicillin group of drugs is prescribed to adults if a swab is not taken from the throat and the doctor cannot confidently say about the sensitivity of the sore throat pathogen to a particular drug. Therefore, when choosing a drug for a purulent sore throat, without doing a doctor’s analysis, it is taken into account that amoxiclav will provide best action in the fight against bacteria than amoxicillin.

If an adult is intolerant to drugs of the penicillin group, the doctor may prescribe cephalosporins.

Quite often, when purulent tonsillitis occurs, treatment is carried out with the prescription of cefadroxil. This drug is safe compared to penicillins. There are drugs based on cefadroxil.

Biodroxyl.
Duracef.
Cedrox.
Cephalexin.
Cefuroxime.

If complications arise, use meropenem or imepenem. They have a detrimental effect on the majority pathogenic microorganisms.

Cephalosporins are also used by injection. Such drugs have few side effects.

Macrolide antibiotics will help if the patient has a purulent sore throat.

Erythromycin.
Azithromycin.
Spiramycin.
Sumamed.
Midecamycin.
Clarithromycin.
Roxithromycin.
Josamycin.

These drugs are highly effective against the infection that causes purulent sore throat. Although they lead to digestive upset in the patient, so they are prescribed if there is an allergy to the first 2 groups of antibiotics.

The use of lincosamides exclusively for recurrent angina.

Lincomycin.
Clindamycin.

What antibiotics a patient will need for a purulent sore throat will be decided by the doctor individually.

Use of topical antibiotics

Local antibacterial agents play an important role in the treatment of sore throat. These are sprays, lozenges. They are necessary, since high saturation occurs in the lesion with low overall absorption; they can be taken orally, combined with an antibiotic, thereby increasing the effectiveness of treatment.

How to treat a sore throat?

When the antibiotic comes in the form of tablets or capsules, they need to be taken 4 times a day, following the recommendations of the therapist. What is the best way to get rid of this disease? Recently, medications with an active substance have begun to be sold on the pharmacological market, which allows you to reduce consumption to 2 times a day. This is quite convenient for the patient and does not reduce the healing effect.

There are cases when the disease is severe. This is fainting, complete overlap pharyngeal ring, inability to swallow, then injections are prescribed. When an antibiotic solution is prescribed, it is necessary to regularly inject the drug into a muscle or vein into the patient.

This method is used if the patient has chronic diseases stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, or there is a tendency to them. How often the patient will need injections depends on the composition of the medication. The frequency is 2-4 times a day. If tonsillitis is severe, then the number of injections increases to 6 times.

Sometimes, for a sore throat, they inject drugs that are administered once. They are present in tissues longer and act as long as required to cure the disease. Some of these medications last up to a month. These drugs are from the penicillin series, which are salts of benzylpenicillin (becillins). The peculiarity of such antibiotics is that they are completely broken down and not absorbed in the stomach, so they are administered only inside the muscle.

These drugs are used in the following situations:

when, after curing a sore throat, symptoms of complications arise. The use of bicillins in this case is necessary to prevent the formation of complications and completely suppress them;
if there is serious concern that the patient will not take the prescribed medications. These are, as a rule, patients in psychiatric hospitals, correctional institutions, children;
if there are no other drugs at hand except injections.

The use of sprays, local treatment of inflamed lesions, is indicated for children, pregnant women, and nursing mothers, since they do not cause such aggression to the body as solutions and tablets.

When a patient is undergoing treatment for a sore throat with antibiotics, he is simultaneously prescribed antifungal agents to avoid the formation of fungal infections caused by antibiotics.

When using antibiotics for a sore throat with purulent formations on the tonsils, you should remember that the intake should be carried out constantly certain time and the full course, even if the signs have passed. Given the many reasons to choose necessary antibiotic, dose, duration of use is determined only by the attending physician, having established an accurate diagnosis.

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Angina is an acute infectious disease manifested by inflammation of the tonsils. Since inflammation of other tonsils (lingual, tubal and laryngeal) develops very rarely, the term sore throat always means inflammation of the palatine tonsils. If it is necessary to indicate that the inflammatory process has affected some other tonsil, then doctors talk about lingual, laryngeal or retronasal tonsillitis. Any sore throat is caused by the same pathogenic microorganisms that enter the mucous membrane of the pharynx and oral cavity, so the principles of their treatment are also the same. Therefore, it is advisable to consider the legality and necessity of using antibiotics for sore throats affecting any tonsils.

Antibiotic for sore throat - when should it be used?

General rules for the use of antibiotics for sore throat

The question of the need to use antibiotics for angina should be decided individually in each specific case based on the following factors:

The age of the person with tonsillitis;
Type of sore throat - viral (catarrhal) or bacterial (purulent - follicular or lacunar);
The nature of the course of sore throat (benign or with a tendency to develop complications.

This means that in order to decide on the need to use antibiotics for angina, the age of the patient must be accurately determined, the type of infection and the nature of its course must be determined. Establishing the patient’s age does not pose any problems, so we will dwell in detail on two other factors that determine whether it is necessary to take antibiotics to treat a sore throat in each specific case.

So, to decide whether to take antibiotics, it is necessary to determine whether the sore throat is viral or bacterial. The fact is that viral tonsillitis occurs in 80 - 90% of cases and does not require the use of antibiotics. But bacterial tonsillitis occurs only in 10–20% of cases, and it is this that requires treatment with antibiotics. Therefore, it is very important to be able to distinguish between viral and bacterial sore throat.

Viral sore throat is manifested by the following symptoms:

Sore throat is combined with nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, cough and sometimes ulcers on the oral mucosa;
Sore throat began without temperature or against the background of its increase to no more than 38.0 o C;
The throat is simply red, covered with mucus, but without pus on the tonsils.

Bacterial tonsillitis is manifested by the following symptoms:

The disease began with a sharp increase in temperature to 39 - 40 o C, at the same time a sore throat and pus on the tonsils appeared;
Simultaneously or shortly after the sore throat, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting appeared;
Along with the sore throat, the cervical lymph nodes became enlarged;
A week after the onset of sore throat, the person’s palms and fingers began to peel;
Simultaneously with purulent tonsillitis, a small red rash appeared on the skin (in this case, the person fell ill with scarlet fever, which is also treated with antibiotics, like bacterial tonsillitis).

That is, viral sore throat is combined with other symptoms of ARVI, such as cough, runny nose and nasal congestion, and there is never pus on the tonsils. And bacterial tonsillitis is never combined with a cough or runny nose, but with it there is always pus on the tonsils. Thanks to such clear signs, it is possible to distinguish a viral sore throat from a bacterial one in any conditions, even without special laboratory tests.

Second important factor The nature of the course of the disease depends on whether it is necessary to take antibiotics for angina in this particular case. In this case, it is necessary to determine whether the sore throat proceeds favorably (without complications) or whether the person has begun to develop complications. Signs of the onset of complications of sore throat that require the use of antibiotics are the following symptoms:

Some time after the onset of sore throat, ear pain appeared;
The condition worsens rather than improves as the disease progresses;
Sore throat increases as the disease progresses;
A noticeable bulge appeared on one side of the throat;
Pain appeared when turning the head to the side and when opening the mouth;
On any day of the course of a sore throat, chest pain, headaches, and pain in one half of the face appeared.

If a person has any of the above symptoms, this indicates the development of complications, which means that a sore throat is unfavorable and requires treatment with antibiotics. mandatory. Otherwise, when the sore throat progresses favorably, antibiotics are not necessary.

Based on all of the above, we present situations in which it is and is not necessary to use antibiotics for sore throat for people of different ages.

From the point of view of the need to use antibiotics for sore throat, all people over 15 years of age, regardless of gender, are considered adults.

Firstly, if the sore throat is viral and proceeds favorably, then antibiotics do not need to be used, regardless of the age of the patient. That is, if a child or adult gets sick with a viral sore throat, which proceeds favorably, without signs of complications, then none of them should use antibiotics for treatment. In such cases, a sore throat will go away on its own within 7 to 10 days. Justified only drinking plenty of fluids and use symptomatic remedies, relieving sore throats and lowering fever.

However, if an adult or child has signs of complications with a viral sore throat, then antibiotics should be started as soon as possible. But you should not take antibiotics to “prevent” complications, since this is ineffective. It is necessary to start taking antibiotics for viral sore throat only when signs of complications appear.

Secondly, if the sore throat is bacterial (purulent) , then the need to use antibiotics is determined by the age of the patient and the nature of the disease.

If purulent sore throat develops in an adult or adolescent over 15 years of age, then antibiotics should be used only when signs of the complications listed above appear. If a sore throat in people over 15 years of age progresses favorably, then there is no need to use antibiotics, since the infection will go away without their use. It has been proven that antibiotics reduce the duration of uncomplicated bacterial sore throat in people over 15 years of age by only 1 day, so their use routinely is inappropriate in all cases. That is, all people over 15 years of age should use an antibiotic for a sore throat only if the signs of complications listed above appear.

Pregnant women and nursing mothers should take an antibiotic for sore throat in the same cases as other adults, that is, only if complications develop in the ears, respiratory and ENT organs.

From the point of view of the need to use antibiotics for sore throat, all people under 15 years of age, regardless of gender, are considered adults.

If a child of any age under 15 years of age develops a viral sore throat, then there is no need to use antibiotics to treat it. For viral sore throat, you should start taking antibiotics only if there are signs of complications in the ears, respiratory and other ENT organs.

If a child aged 3–15 years has developed purulent tonsillitis, then it is imperative to use antibiotics to treat it. In children of this age category, the need to use antibiotics for purulent sore throat is not associated with the treatment of the disease itself, but with the prevention of possible severe complications on the heart, joints and nervous system.

The fact is that bacterial tonsillitis in children under 15 years of age very often causes complications in the form of infection of the joints, heart and nervous system, causing much more severe diseases, such as rheumatism, arthritis and PANDAS syndrome. And the use of antibiotics for such sore throats in children under 15 years of age can almost 100% prevent the development of these complications from the heart, joints and nervous system. It is to prevent severe complications in children under 15 years of age that an antibiotic should be used for purulent sore throat.

Moreover, in order to prevent complications of bacterial tonsillitis on the heart, joints and nervous system, it is not necessary to start taking antibiotics from the first day of infection. As studies and clinical trials have shown, complications of bacterial sore throat in children are effectively prevented if antibiotics are started up to 9 days inclusive from the onset of the disease. This means it is not too late to start giving your child antibiotics on days 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 after the onset of a sore throat.

As for sore throats in children under 3 years of age, they should use antibiotics only if there is pus on the tonsils or if complications develop in the ears, respiratory and ENT organs. Since purulent bacterial tonsillitis practically does not occur in children under 3 years of age, then, in fact, antibiotics should be used in them to treat inflammation of the tonsils only if complications develop from the respiratory and ENT organs.

Thus, Antibiotics for sore throat in people of any age and gender should be used only in the following cases:

Purulent (follicular or lacunar) tonsillitis, even with a favorable course, in children aged 3–15 years;
Development of complications of sore throat in the ears, respiratory and ENT organs in people over 15 years of age;
Complications of sore throat in the ears, respiratory and ENT organs in children under 3 years of age.

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Antibiotics for purulent tonsillitis (follicular and lacunar)

There are no differences in the rules for using antibiotics for the treatment of lacunar and follicular tonsillitis. Therefore, both of these types of sore throat are often combined into one general term“purulent”, and treatment tactics are considered together. The need to use antibiotics for follicular and lacunar tonsillitis is determined by the age of the patient and the nature of the infection. So, crucial To resolve the issue of the need to take antibiotics for purulent sore throat, the age of the person depends. Moreover, a teenager over 15 years old, from the point of view of the need to use antibiotics for purulent sore throat, is considered an adult, and under 15 years old, accordingly, a child. Let's consider the rules for using antibiotics for sore throat in adults and children.

Antibiotic for sore throat in adults

If follicular or lacunar tonsillitis has developed in a person over 15 years of age, then antibiotics should be used to treat it only in cases where there are signs of complications in the ears, respiratory and ENT organs. That is, if purulent tonsillitis in any person over 15 years of age, regardless of gender, proceeds favorably, without complications in the ears and other ENT organs, then there is no need to use antibiotics to treat it. In such situations, antibiotics are practically useless, since they do not reduce the risk of complications in the ears and ENT organs and do not speed up the recovery process.

Accordingly, in people over 15 years of age of both sexes, antibiotics should be used for purulent sore throat only if complications develop in the ears, respiratory and ENT organs. Considering this rule about the use of antibiotics for purulent sore throat in persons over 15 years of age, it is necessary to be able to distinguish favorable course infections from the development of complications. To do this, you need to know the signs of the onset of complications in which you need to take antibiotics. So, the symptoms of complications of follicular or lacunar tonsillitis on the ears, respiratory and ENT organs, when they appear, you need to start taking antibiotics, are the following:

Ear pain appeared;
2 – 4 days after the onset of sore throat, the state of health worsened;
The sore throat has gotten worse;
When examining the throat, a noticeable bulge is visible on one of its sides;
Pain appeared when opening the mouth or turning the head to the right or left;
After 2–3 days of antibiotic use, the condition did not improve;
Sore throat and body temperature above 38 o C last longer than 7 – 10 days;
Chest pain, headaches, and pain in one half of the face appeared.

Any of the above symptoms indicates the development of complications of purulent tonsillitis, for which it is imperative to start taking antibiotics. If these symptoms are absent in a person over 15 years of age who suffers from purulent tonsillitis (follicular or lacunar), then there is no need to take antibiotics.

Antibiotics for sore throat in children

If purulent tonsillitis (follicular or lacunar) has developed in a child of any sex between the ages of 3 and 15 years, then antibiotics must be used to treat it, regardless of the presence of complications in the ears, respiratory and ENT organs.

The fact is that at this age, purulent tonsillitis can give much more severe complications compared to otitis, abscesses and others characteristic of adults over 15 years old, since due to the imperfection of lymphoid tissue, pathogenic bacteria from the tonsils can penetrate through the blood and lymph into kidneys, heart, joints and central nervous system, causing them inflammatory processes, which are very difficult to treat and often become the cause of chronic diseases of these organs.

If the pathogenic microorganism that provokes a purulent sore throat enters the kidneys, it causes glomerulonephritis, the outcome of which is often acute renal failure with transition to chronic. If the microbe enters the heart, it causes an inflammatory process in the tissues of the valves and partitions between the chambers, which lasts for years, as a result of which the structures of the heart change and defects are formed. From the moment the microbe that causes purulent tonsillitis enters the heart until the development of the defect takes from 20 to 40 years. And a person already in adulthood is faced with the consequences of a purulent sore throat suffered in childhood, which are rheumatic heart defects.

When a microbe gets from the tonsils into the joints, acute arthritis develops, which passes after some time, but creates favorable conditions for joint diseases in the future. And when a microbe enters the central nervous system from the tonsils, PANDAS syndrome develops, characterized by a sharp decrease in emotional stability and cognitive functions (memory, attention, etc.), as well as the appearance of spontaneous uncontrolled movements and actions, for example, involuntary urination, tongue twitching, etc. In some children, PANDAS syndrome goes away completely within 6–24 months, while in others it remains to varying degrees of severity for many years.

Thus, in children 3 to 15 years old, the most dangerous complications with purulent sore throat are complications on the kidneys, heart, joints and nervous system, and not on the ears, respiratory and ENT organs. Accordingly, treatment of sore throat should be aimed not so much at the infection itself, which in most cases goes away on its own without special therapy, but at preventing these complications from the heart, joints and central nervous system. And it is precisely to prevent these severe complications that the mandatory use of antibiotics for purulent sore throat in children aged 3 to 15 years is aimed.

The fact is that the use of antibiotics for purulent sore throat in children 3–15 years old can reduce the risk of developing these severe complications to the heart, joints and nervous system to almost zero. Therefore, doctors consider it necessary to give antibiotics to children aged 3–15 years with purulent sore throat.

You need to know that prevention and reduction of the risk of severe complications is achieved by starting the use of antibiotics not only from the first day of sore throat development. Thus, in the course of research and clinical observations, it was found that the prevention of complications is effective if antibiotics are started to be given to the child before the 9th day inclusive from the onset of sore throat. That is, to prevent complications on the heart, joints and central nervous system, you can start giving your child antibiotics on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 from the onset of sore throat. More late start the use of antibiotics is no longer effective in preventing complications in the heart, joints and central nervous system.

If parents for some reason do not want to use antibiotics for purulent sore throat in a child aged 3–15 years, despite high risk complications on the heart, joints and central nervous system, then they may not do this. However, if a child shows signs of complications from the ears, respiratory and ENT organs (increased sore throat, deterioration in health, pain in the ear, chest, half of the face, etc.), then you should definitely resort to the use of antibiotics.

Rules for treating sore throat with antibiotics

If the sore throat is viral, then, regardless of the age of the patient, antibiotics should be taken only from the moment when signs of complications in the ears, respiratory and other ENT organs become noticeable (increased sore throat, pain in the ear, on one side of the face or in the chest, deterioration in health, increase in temperature, etc.). If signs of complications do not appear with a viral sore throat, then there is no need to take antibiotics.

If the sore throat is bacterial (purulent), then a child aged 3–15 years should start giving antibiotics as early as possible. However, if it was not possible to start using antibiotics from the first days of a sore throat, then this can be done up to 9 days inclusive from the onset of the infectious disease. That is, for a purulent sore throat, a child 3–15 years old can start giving antibiotics on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the disease.

Adults over 15 years of age with purulent sore throat should use antibiotics only when there are signs of complications in the ears, respiratory and other ENT organs. That is, if a person over 15 years of age with purulent sore throat has no signs of complications, then there is no need to use antibiotics at all.

What antibiotics are needed for angina

Since in 90 - 95% of cases, bacterial sore throat or viral complications are provoked by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus or staphylococci, then for treatment it is necessary to use antibiotics that have a detrimental effect on these bacteria. Currently, they are destructive against beta-hemolytic streptococci and staphylococci, and, accordingly, are effective for the treatment of angina, the following groups antibiotics:

Penicillins(for example, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Oxacillin, Ampiox, Flemoxin, etc.);
Cephalosporins(for example, Cifran, Cephalexin, Ceftriaxone, etc.);
Macrolides(for example, Azithromycin, Sumamed, Rulid, etc.);
Tetracyclines(for example, Doxycycline, Tetracycline, Macropen, etc.);
Fluoroquinolones(for example, Sparfloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Ofloxacin, etc.).

The drugs of choice for purulent sore throat are antibiotics from the penicillin group. Therefore, if a person is not allergic to penicillins for purulent sore throat, penicillin antibiotics should always be used first. And only if they turned out to be ineffective, you can switch to the use of antibiotics from other specified groups. The only situation when treatment of a sore throat should be started not with penicillins, but with cephalosporins, is a sore throat that is very severe, with high fever, severe swelling of the throat and severe symptoms of intoxication (headache, weakness, chills, etc.).

If cephalosporins or penicillins are ineffective or a person is allergic to antibiotics of these groups, then macrolides, tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones should be used to treat sore throat. At the same time, with angina of average and light weight antibiotics from the tetracycline or macrolide groups should be used, and if severe course infections - fluoroquinolones. Moreover, it should be borne in mind that macrolides are more effective than tetracyclines.

Thus, we can conclude that for severe angina, antibiotics from the groups of cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones are used, and for mild and moderate angina, macrolides, penicillins or tetracyclines are used. In this case, the drugs of choice are antibiotics from the groups of penicillins and cephalosporins, the first of which are optimal for the treatment of sore throat of moderate and mild degree severity, and the second - in case of severe infection. If penicillins or cephalosporins are ineffective or cannot be used, then it is optimal to use antibiotics from the fluoroquinolone group for severe sore throat and macrolides for mild to moderate severity. The use of tetracyclines should be avoided whenever possible.

How many days should I take it?

For purulent sore throat or complications of infection, any antibiotics must be taken for 7–14 days, and optimally for 10 days. This means that any antibiotic must be taken within 10 days, regardless of what day from the onset of sore throat antibiotic therapy was started.

The only exception is the antibiotic Sumamed, which needs to be taken for only 5 days. Other antibiotics should not be taken for less than 7 days, since shorter courses of antibiotic therapy may not kill all pathogenic bacteria, from which antibiotic-resistant varieties are subsequently formed. Due to the formation of such antibiotic-resistant varieties of bacteria, subsequent sore throats in the same person will be very difficult to treat, as a result of which it will be necessary to use drugs with a wide spectrum of action and high toxicity.

Also, you cannot use an antibiotic for a sore throat for more than 14 days, because if the drug does not lead to complete cure within 2 weeks, this means that it is not effective enough in this particular case. In such a situation, it is necessary to conduct an additional examination (culture of throat discharge with determination of sensitivity to antibiotics), based on the results of which, select another drug to which the sore throat pathogen is sensitive.

Names of antibiotics for sore throat

We present the names of antibiotics for the treatment of sore throat in several lists, formed on the basis of each specific drug belonging to a particular group (penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones). In this case, the list will first indicate the international name of the antibiotic, and next to it in brackets the commercial names under which drugs containing this antibiotic as an active substance.

Names of penicillins

So, among the antibiotics of the penicillin group, the following are used to treat sore throat:

Amoxicillin (Amoxicillin, Amosin, Gramox-D, Ospamox, Flemoxin Solutab, Hiconcil, Ecobol);
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (Amovicombe, Amoxivan, Amoxiclav, Arlet, Augmentin, Bactoclav, Verklav, Klamosar, Liklav, Medoclav, Panclave, Ranclave, Rapiclav, Fibell, Flemoclav Solutab, Foraclave, Ecoclave);
Ampicillin (Ampicillin, Standacillin);
Ampicillin + Oxacillin (Ampiox, Oksamp, Oksampicin, Oksamsar);
Benzylpenicillin (Benzylpenicillin, Bicillin-1, Bicillin-3 and Bicillin-5);
Oxacillin (Oxacillin);
Phenoxymethylpenicillin (Phenoxymethylpenicillin, Star-Pen, Ospen 750).

Names of cephalosporins

Among the antibiotics of the cephalosporin group, the following drugs are used to treat angina:

Cefazolin (Zolin, Intrazolin, Lizolin, Natsef, Orizolin, Orpin, Totacef, Cesolin, Cefazolin, Cefamezin);
Cephalexin (Cephalexin, Ecocephron);
Ceftriaxone (Azaran, Axone, Betasporin, Biotraxone, Ificef, Lendacin, Lifaxone, Loraxone, Medaxone, Movigip, Oframax, Roceferin, Rocephin, Stericef, Tercef, Torocef, Triaxone, Hizon, Cephaxone, Cephatrin, Cefogram, Cefson, Ceftriabol, Ceftriaxone) ;
Ceftazidime (Bestum, Vicef, Lorazidim, Orzid, Tizim, Fortazim, Fortoferin, Fortum, Cefzid, Ceftazidime, Ceftidine);
Cefoperazone (Dardum, Medocef, Movoperiz, Operaz, Ceperon, Cefobid, Cefoperabol, Cefoperazone, Cefoperus, Cefpar);
Cefotaxime (Intrataxime, Kefotex, Clafobrine, Claforan, Liforan, Oritax, Oritaxim, Resibelacta, Tax-o-bid, Talcef, Tarcefoxime, Cetax, Cephabol, Cephantral, Cefosin, Cefotaxime).

Names of macrolides

Used to treat sore throat the following antibiotics macrolide groups:

Erythromycin (Eomycin, Erythromycin);
Clarithromycin (Arvicin, Zimbaktar, Kispar, Klabax, Clarbact, Clarexid, Clarithromycin, Clarithrosin, Claricin, Claricit, Claromin, Klasine, Klatsid, Clerimed, Coater, Lekoklar, Romiclar, Seydon-Sanovel, Fromilid, Ecositrin);
Azithromycin (Azivok, Azimicin, Azitral, Azitrox, Azithromycin, Azithrocin, AzitRus, Azicide, Zetamax, Zitnob, Zi-factor, Zitrolide, Zitrocin, Sumaclid, Sumamed, Sumametcin, Sumamox, Sumatrolide Solutab, Sumatrolide Solution, Tremak-Sanovel, Hemomycin, Ecomed);
Midecamycin (Macropen);
Josamycin (Vilprafen, Vilprafen Solutab);
Spiramycin (Rovamycin, Spiramisar, Spiramycin-Vero);
Roxithromycin (Xitrocin, Remora, Roxeptin, RoxyHexal, Roxithromycin, Roxolit, Romik, Rulid, Rulitsin, Elrox, Esparoxi).

Names of fluoroquinolones

The following fluoroquinolone antibiotics are used to treat sore throat:

Levofloxacin (Ashlev, Glevo, Ivacin, Lebel, Levolet R, Levostar, Levotek, Levoflox, Levofloxabol, Levofloxacin, Leobeg, Leflobakt, Lefoksin, Maklevo, OD-Levox, Remedia, Signicef, Tavanik, Tanflomed, Flexid, Floracid, Hyleflox, Ecolevid , Eleflox);
Lomefloxacin (Xenaquin, Lomacin, Lomefloxacin, Lomflox, Lofox);
Norfloxacin (Lokson-400, Nolicin, Norbactin, Norilet, Normax, Norfacin, Norfloxacin);
Ofloxacin (Aschof, Geoflox, Zanotsin, Zoflox, Oflo, Oflox, Ofloxabol, Ofloxacin, Ofloxin, Oflomak, Oflocid, Tarivid, Tariferid, Taritsin);
Ciprofloxacin (Basijen, Ificipro, Quintor, Procipro, Ceprova, Ciplox, Cipraz, Ciprex, Ciprinol, Ciprobay, Ciprobid, Ciprodox, Ciprolacare, Ciprolet, Cipronate, Cipropan, Ciprofloxabol, Ciprofloxacin, Cifloxinal, Cifran, Cifracid, Ecotsifol).

Names of tetracyclines

The following tetracycline antibiotics are used to treat sore throat:

Minocycline (Minolexin).

Names of antibiotics for sore throat in children

The following antibiotics can be used in children of different ages:

1. Penicillins:

Amoxicillin (Amoxicillin, Amosin, Gramox-D, Ospamox, Flemoxin Solutab, Hiconcil) – from birth;
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (Amovicombe, Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Verklav, Klamosar, Liklav, Fibell, Flemoklav Solutab, Ecoclave) – from 3 months or from birth;
Ampicillin – from 1 month;
Ampioks – from 3 years;
Ampicillin + Oxacillin (Oxamp, Oxampicin, Oksamsar) – from birth;
Benzylpenicillin (Benzylpenicillin, Bicillin-1, Bicillin-3 and Bicillin-5) – from birth;
Oxacillin – from 3 months;
Phenoxymethylpenicillin (Phenoxymethylpenicillin, Star-Pen) – from 3 months;
Ospen 750 – from 1 year.

2. Cephalosporins:

Cefazolin (Zolin, Intrazolin, Lizolin, Natsef, Orizolin, Orpin, Totacef, Cesolin, Cefamezin) – from 1 month;
Cephalexin (Cephalexin, Ecocephron) – from 6 months;
Ceftriaxone (Azaran, Axone, Betasporin, Biotraxone, Ificef, Lendacin, Lifaxone, Loraxone, Medaxone, Movigip, Oframax, Roceferin, Rocephin, Stericef, Tercef, Torocef, Triaxone, Hizon, Cephaxone, Cephatrin, Cefogram, Cefson, Ceftriabol, Ceftriaxone) – for full-term babies from birth, and for premature babies from the 15th day of life;
Ceftazidime (Bestum, Vicef, Lorazidim, Orzid, Tizim, Fortazim, Fortoferin, Fortum, Cefzid, Ceftazidime, Ceftidine) – from birth;
Cefoperazone (Dardum, Medocef, Movoperiz, Operaz, Ceperon, Cefobid, Cefoperabol, Cefoperazone, Cefoperus, Cefpar) – from the 8th day of life;
Cefotaxime (Intrataxime, Kefotex, Clafobrine, Claforan, Liforan, Oritax, Oritaxim, Resibelacta, Tax-o-bid, Talcef, Tarcefoxime, Cetax, Cephabol, Cephantral, Cefosin, Cefotaxime) - from birth, including for premature babies.

3. Macrolides:

Erythromycin (Eomycin, Erythromycin) – from birth;
Azithromycin (injections Sumamed and AzitRus) – from the moment the child’s body weight exceeds 10 kg;
Azithromycin (suspension for oral administration Zitrocin, Hemomycin, Ecomed) – from 6 months;
Macropen in the form of a suspension for oral administration – from birth;
Spiramycin (Spiramisar, Spiromycin-Vero) – from the moment the child’s body weight becomes more than 20 kg;
Roxithromycin (Xitrocin, Remora, Roxeptin, RoxyHexal, Roxithromycin, Roxolit, Romik, Rulid, Rulitsin, Elrox, Esparoxi) - from 4 years.

4. Tetracyclines:

Minocycline - from 8 years.

This list lists first international titles, then next to it in parentheses are the commercial names of the drugs under which they are sold. After this, the age at which the listed antibiotics can be used in children is indicated.

It should be remembered that fluoroquinolones should not be used for children under 18 years of age, and other antibiotics, as a rule, can be used from 12 or 14 years of age.

Antibiotic for adults with sore throat in tablets

Antibiotics for the treatment of sore throat from various groups, intended for adults, are reflected in the table.

Penicillins	Cephalosporins	Macrolides	Fluoroquinolones	Tetracyclines
Amoxicillin: Amoxicillin Amosin Ospamox Flemoxin Solutab Hiconcil Ecoball	Cephalexin	Erythromycin: Eomycin Erythromycin	Levofloxacin: Glevo Lebel Levostar Levotek Levoflox Levofloxacin Leflobakt Lefoccin Maklevo OD-Levox Remedia Tavanik Tanflomed Flexid Floracid Hyleflox Eleflox Ecolevid	Minocycline
	Ecocephron

		Clarithromycin: Arvitsin Clubax Klarbakt Clarexide Clarithromycin Claricin Claricite Claromine Klasine Klacid Clerimed Coater Seydon-Sanovel Lecoclar Fromilid Ecositrin




Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid: Amoxiclav Augmentin Arlet Bactoclav Honeyclave Panclave Ranklav Rapiklav Flemoklav Solutab Ecoclave










			Lomefloxacin: Xenaquin Lomacin Lomefloxacin Lomflox Lofox
		Azithromycin: Zimbaktar Kispar SR-Klaren Sumamed Macropen Azivok Azimicin Azitral Azitrox Azithromycin Azitrocin AzitRus Azicide Z factor Zitrolide Sumaclid Sumamecin Sumamox Sumatrolide Solutab Tremak-Sanovel Hemomycin Ecomed Zitnob Sumatrolide Solution

Ampicillin: Ampicillin Standacillin


Ampicillin + Oxacillin: Ampioks Oxamp			Norfloxacin: Loxon-400 Nolitsin Norbactin Norilet Normax Norfacin Norfloxacin



Oxacillin
Phenoxymethylpe- nicillin


			Ofloxacin: Geoflox Zanotsin Zoflox Oflo Oflox Ofloxacin Ofloxin Oflomak Oflocide Tariwid Tariferid











			Ciprofloxacin: Ificipro Quintor Procipro Tseprova Ciplox Tsipraz Cyprex Tsiprinol Tsiprobay Ciprobid Ciprodox Tsiprolet Cypronate Cypropane Ciprofloxacin Tsifran

		Josamycin: Vilprafen Vilprafen Solutab



		Spiramycin: Rovamycin Spiramisar Spiramycin-Vero



		Roxithromycin: Xytrocin Remora Roxeptine RoxyHexal Roxithromycin Roxolit Romik Rulid Rulitsin









		Midecamycin: Macropen
		Midecamycin: Macropen

The best antibiotic for sore throat

Since purulent sore throats are most often caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus type A and viridans staphylococcus, the best antibiotics for treating the infection will be those that have a detrimental effect on these pathogenic microorganisms. Currently, the most effective antibiotics for treating sore throat are different groups are the following:

Sore throat is an acute infectious disease that affects the palatine tonsils. The disease often occurs in both children and adult patients. To cope with the disease faster, the doctor may prescribe to the patient antibacterial therapy. To ensure that the treatment does not harm the patient’s body, you need to know which antibiotics are allowed to take in tablets for a sore throat in an adult.

When do you need antibiotics for a sore throat?

Treatment of sore throat with antibiotics is important for the bacterial form of the disease. Other types of disease are not affected by such medications. Since in most cases, tonsillitis immediately begins to manifest itself quite acutely (with an increase in temperature, signs of general intoxication of the body, pustular deposits), strong drugs are often prescribed from the very beginning of therapy.

Reception antibacterial drugs permitted only under the supervision of the attending physician. Only if the medicine is chosen correctly can it be possible to quickly and successfully cope with the disease.

It is important to complete the treatment and not give up medications after all the unpleasant symptoms of the disease have disappeared. If not treated, pathogenic microorganisms will develop resistance to the prescribed antibiotic and will need to use a stronger agent next time.

Classification of drugs

To treat tonsillitis, 4 groups of drugs are used:

Penicillins. Doctors usually give preference to drugs in this group if the patient is not allergic to them. First-line antibiotics are available and fast-acting. True, many bacteria develop resistance to them.
Cephalosporins. Such antibiotics can cope with most known bacteria. The doctor will choose second-line drugs instead of penicillins if the patient has a high fever, severe swelling of the mucous membrane, and others severe symptoms. As a rule, medications are used in a hospital setting and in the form of injections.
Macrolides. If allergic reactions are detected to the above drugs, they can be replaced with macrolides. Such medicines cope well with the disease medium degree gravity.
Fluoroquinols. The prescription of antibiotics in this group is determined by severe complications of the disease.

The best time to attack the body with infectious agents is when the immune system is weakened. The causative agents of the disease can not only enter from the outside, but also become active, being part of the opportunistic human microflora. These include staphylococci, streptococci, which are the main causative agents of tonsillitis, and since the infection has bacterial nature, tonsillitis must be treated with antibiotics.

The choice of one drug or another depends on the patient’s age, type of sore throat, the presence of allergic reactions, and the ability to combine several drugs during complex therapy. The doctor must take all factors into account when prescribing antibiotics for tonsillitis.

Antibiotics should not be regarded as a panacea for any infection that develops in the throat. Even the best drugs broad spectrum of action may be powerless. The reason is that not only bacteria can cause disease.

Sore throats are:

Viral etiology. They are distinguished by their ease of flow and short duration. Risk of complications with viral tonsillitis minimal. Most often, these forms affect children aged 1–3 years. Pathogens are transmitted from an infected person by airborne droplets. These include viruses: influenza, Epstein-Barr, measles, herpes, adenovirus, enterovirus, rhinovirus, coronovirus. Viral sore throats are not treated with antibiotics. Complex therapy with the use of antiviral drugs will be required.
Bacterial etiology. The most common causative agent is group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. The disease is characterized by an increase in temperature up to 40˚, accompanied by intense sore throat and signs of general intoxication of the body. The main danger of bacterial tonsillitis is the high risk of complications. In addition to the pathogens mentioned above, they can be diplococci, pneumococci, and enterobacteria. If the causative agent is bacteria, treatment of sore throat with antibiotics is mandatory.
Fungal. These are rare forms of tonsillitis, occurring mainly in children under 1 year of age. They occur when immunity decreases, against the background long-term use antibacterial drugs.

Fungal tonsillitis is characterized by mild symptoms and the presence of a plaque resembling cottage cheese on the mucous membrane of the tonsils. Usually the causative agents are fungi of the genus Candida. Treatment of such forms is carried out with antimycotic drugs, and the use antibacterial agents can only prolong the recovery period.

IN separate form ulcerative film sore throat of Simanovsky-Plaut-Vincent was isolated. Its causative agents are a spindle-shaped rod and a spirochete, which are in symbiosis.

Streptococcal sore throats are the most common and cause complications due to the fact that the causative bacteria contain proteins similar to connective tissues person. Cells immune defense destroy not only infectious agents, but also healthy organs. This is especially reflected in the functioning of the heart, kidneys, and the condition of the joints.

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As a result of the fight between lymphocytes and bacteria, pus is formed, filling the lacunae and follicles of the tonsils. This explains why bacterial acute tonsillitis is called purulent.

Antibiotics for streptococcal sore throat- a mandatory element of therapy.

How to recognize bacterial tonsillitis?

Acute tonsillitis caused by bacterial infection, differs in symptoms:

the presence of mucus with pus in the recesses of the tonsils;
severe pain in the throat, radiating to the ear;
a sharp jump in temperature to 39-40˚;
discomfort when palpating the lymph nodes;
no runny nose, cough.

Based on such signs and on the basis of anamnesis, one can suspect acute tonsillitis, and choose the most effective antibiotic laboratory test results will help with sore throat.

How many days should you take antibiotics for a sore throat?

The ultimate goal of using antibacterial drugs is to destroy the source of infection and prevent the development of complications.

Important! If after 3 days the patient’s well-being improves, it means that the drug was chosen correctly and the treatment does not need to be changed. A positive result is not a reason to stop therapy.

Must pass full course taking antibiotics to treat a sore throat. On average, its duration is 7-10 days. If the course is shortened, in 7 out of 10 patients the disease recurs within 1 month.

When visiting a doctor, you may have doubts about the etiology of the disease. Then a smear culture and blood donation are carried out. Test results usually come in 3-4 days. During this period, sore throat will not cause complications, so you should not take antibiotics without direct indications.

Antibiotics for sore throat

Antibiotic therapy is the use of tablet forms of drugs orally, their intravenous administration, use in the form of drops, syrups.

There are several groups of antibiotics that neutralize pathogens of sore throat with pus: penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides.

What antibiotics should be taken for sore throat in adults?

It is often more difficult to cure an adult than a child. There are several reasons:

High likelihood of an allergic reaction. Development negative consequences possible if the adult previously took the prescribed drug. Before reaching the age of 18, there is a high probability that the medicine has been taken previously, which means that it is entered as a stranger in the “database” of immunity, and with each new encounter with it the body will react allergic manifestations. If a patient has an allergic reaction to a prescribed antibiotic, an analogue is prescribed.
Uncontrolled unauthorized taking of medications without consulting a doctor. As a result, when really needed drug therapy, drugs are powerless in the fight against infection.

Important! Do not use topical antibiotics for sore throats intended for internal use, use them for the purpose of prevention, reduce the course of admission. This leads to a decrease in the sensitivity of bacteria to the active components of the drugs, and further treatment takes longer, requires searching for similar medicines.

Penicillins

The best antibiotics against sore throat are penicillins. Their action is aimed at suppressing the synthesis of protein - peptidoglycan, necessary for the construction of the bacterial cell wall. As a result, infectious agents die. There is such a small amount of peptidoglycan in the human body that the effect of the drug will in no way worsen the condition.

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The bacteria, in turn, adapt to the effects of the drugs and produce a substance - beta-lactamase, which resists the action of penicillin. This led to the need to create synthetic analogues of the drug.

For purulent sore throat in adults, natural, semi-synthetic antibiotics are used. The best antibiotic for angina - Amoxicillin, a drug of semi-synthetic origin. Its distinctive features:

effectiveness against many pathogenic microorganisms, preventing the development of complications;
gentle effect on intestinal microflora;
rapid absorption by tissues and prompt elimination of the source of infection;
the possibility of using antibiotics for the treatment of sore throat in adults and individuals younger age due to the variety of release forms;
accessibility for any category of the population, thanks to its wide distribution in pharmacy chain and low cost.

Antibiotics in tablets for sore throat are prescribed to adults, and in the form of syrups to young children.

Preparations containing only amoxicillin as an active ingredient: Amoxicillin, Hiconcil, Amosin, Ospamox, Flemoxin Solutab.

Combined preparations with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid: Amocombe, Amoxiclav, Arlet, Augmentin, Bactoclav, Medoclav, Novaclav, Panclave, Trifamox, Flemoclav Solutab, Ecoclave. Clavulanic acid in the composition of the drugs prevents the destruction of amoxicillin by enzymes.

The drugs in this group are used for 5-7 days as prescribed by a doctor. If a person is allergic to these drugs, you can replace them with others of the same name active ingredients(DV):

Ampicillin trihydrate;
Phenoxymethylpenicillin;
Benzathine benzylpenicillin (analogs: Bicillin-5; Retarpen).

Antibiotics for purulent tonsillitis can be used after the exacerbation is eliminated. The procedure is called “bicillin prophylaxis”. A long-acting drug - Bicillin-5 is administered once every 21-28 days for six months. The antibiotic is effective for chronic tonsillitis in adults.

For allergies, individual intolerance penicillins, another group of drugs is prescribed.

Cephalosporins

The medicine is based on cefadroxil. They act similarly to penicillins and help when the latter are unable to cope with the infection.

Antibiotics have a positive effect against follicular tonsillitis, since they are active against many gram-positive cocci.

Cephalosporin antibiotics for tonsillitis in adults are used from representatives of the 1st and 2nd generations.

These include:

1st generation: Cephalexin, Cefazolin, Cefadroxil;
2nd generation: Cefaclor (Ceclor), Cefuroxime (Zinacef, Ketocef), Cefuroxime Asketil (Zinnat).

Important! Cefepime is very effective - an antibiotic for purulent sore throat, belonging to the 4th generation drugs. He has wide range actions, but is used only under medical supervision, since the side effects from its use have not been studied.

Macrolides

Antibiotics from the macrolide group are potent. 5 days of use are enough for the disease to subside.

Their main advantage is their effectiveness against streptococci, staphylococci, and at higher doses - pneumococci, diphtheria viruses, and whooping cough. Low toxicity of the drugs is also noted. A significant drawback is the negative impact on the digestive organs, increased risk of dysbacteriosis.

The most common antibiotic for angina in adults in tablet form, belonging to the macrolide group, is Azithromycin. The duration of treatment with the drug is minimal - only 3 days, but in some cases the doctor may extend treatment up to 6 days.