How to get rid of nevus otto on the face. Medical information portal "vivmed"

They are congenital or acquired skin defects. They appear everywhere: on the body, fingers, face, etc. Moles are characterized by a variety of shapes, shades and sizes. They are often called nevi. Such neoplasms can be flat or convex, with a smooth or hairy surface.

They can be detected at birth or occur during life. The presence of an excessive number of nevi indicates the negative influence of ultraviolet radiation or a hereditary tendency to form moles.

The nevi themselves are safe for the body, but in the presence of certain negative factors they can become malignant or form into malignant neoplasms, subsequently leading to. Such nevi are called melanoma-dangerous.

Dangerous species

Oncologists identify 5 dangerous types of moles:

1. looks like a spot with the same color over the entire surface, which can reach an almost black tint. Such moles do not react to the influence of UV rays and do not change color, number or parameters;
2. - a rather dense neoplasm with a smooth, hairless coating. Such a mole is noticeably higher than the skin, does not exceed 2 cm in diameter, prefers to be located in the area of ​​​​the limbs, face and buttocks;
3. A giant mole is considered the most dangerous formation, since in half of the cases it degenerates. Such a nevus has a heterogeneous, loose surface and increases in size every year;
4. Nevus of Ota is a large dark brown or blue-gray mole. Such education requires mandatory treatment;
5. – is considered a precancerous formation with an uneven contour. When detected, such a formation requires removal, since in most cases it undergoes malignancy.

An experienced doctor will be able to determine the danger of a nevus by its appearance.

The statistics are that most patients see an oncologist too late, when the process of malignancy has already been completed and a harmless nevus has reclassified into a cancerous tumor. The reason for this pattern is carelessness towards moles and ignorance of the main symptoms of degeneration.

Reasons for the degeneration of a mole into a malignant one

Nevi are prone to degeneration in the presence of irritating factors. To such changes Excessive ultraviolet radiation may cause, therefore it is extremely important to avoid long-term exposure to the open sun, especially between 11 and 16 hours.

This statement is confirmed by the fact that in sunny countries, where residents are exposed to ultraviolet radiation all year round, it is diagnosed much more often than in the northern regions.

Recent studies also prove the ultraviolet cause of malignancy. With every sunburn in childhood, the risk of developing a malignant nevus in adulthood increases. Various injuries to moles are no less dangerous, and if they occur, it is recommended to consult a specialist.

The genetic factor plays an important role in the malignancy of nevi. If a person at the genetic level does not have the ability to adapt to an aggressive environment, then he is considered to be at risk for malignancy of moles.

Main features

If you are the happy owner of moles, then make it a rule to periodically examine them in order to promptly identify possible degeneration. To make it easier to remember, dermatologists have come up with the following diagnostic rule, “acord,” which is used to identify the symptoms of a mole degenerating into a malignant one:

• A – asymmetry. Benign nevi are distinguished by a symmetrical structure (except for congenital ones), and if a mole begins to acquire an asymmetrical shape, this can serve as a signal of the beginning of degeneration;
• K – contours. If the edges of the nevus have become uneven, blurred, indistinct, then such a fact should be a cause for alarm;
• O – shade. If the color of the mole has acquired any inclusions, dots or stripes, this may indicate the development of degeneration;
• R – dimensions. A nevus can change its size only during adolescence in adolescents, when puberty occurs. Other cases of sudden growth of a mole require specialist intervention;
• D – dynamics of pathological changes. The sudden appearance of cracks, crusts, and bleeding is evidence of malignancy of the mole.

In the photo you can compare what malignant and benign moles look like

In addition to the above, characteristic signs of a malignant mole are:

• Unreasonable peeling, changes in surface texture;
• Induration of the nevus against the background of its rapid growth;
• It is dangerous if the mole begins to itch, there is a burning or tingling sensation;
• The sudden appearance of spots around the nevus, similar to a rash of allergic origin.

If at least one sign occurs, then this already requires medical consultation and makes you think about the malignancy of the nevus. Therefore, you should not leave any changes to the mole to chance, because violating the integrity of the surface layer of the nevus is dangerous due to blood poisoning with a very unfavorable outcome.

Diagnostics

Only a doctor can independently determine the malignant nature of a mole after testing. Such a study does not cause pain and takes about 3 minutes per nevus.

The procedure is carried out with a dermatoscope - a specialized device that provides diagnostic accuracy of about 95-97%.

What to do if the nevus turns out to be malignant

If the malignancy of the mole is confirmed by specialists and the diagnostic procedures performed, then the patient is usually sent for surgery, which involves surgical removal of the mole.

Indications for removal

Not all moles need to be removed. There is a list of indications for removing nevi:

1. If the mole has degenerated into a malignant formation (malignant);
2. Large size of the nevus or its unaesthetic appearance;
3. The presence of permanent injury of mechanical or chemical origin. If a mole is injured by clothing, causes discomfort and pain, or bleeds, it must be removed in order to prevent blood poisoning or malignancy.

Methods

Malignant moles are removed in various ways. There are 5 main techniques most often used to remove nevi.

• . This method involves eliminating the tumor by freezing it with liquid nitrogen or a mixture of carbonic acid. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia and takes a few minutes. The disadvantage of this technique is the inability to control the degree of nitrogenous or acidic exposure.

After cryotherapy, it is impossible to obtain biomaterial for histological examination. If the nevus was large in size, then after freezing there is a possibility of scarring or cicatricial formation.

• Laser treatment. It involves removing a mole using laser burning. The method has many advantages. One of them is the simultaneous sealing of blood vessels, which makes it possible to successfully apply such treatment to moles that are characterized by bleeding. There is also a minus - the impossibility of performing histology.
• Radio wave therapy. This technique is acceptable for small nevi located on the surface of the skin. The procedure is carried out with a special device (Surgitron, etc.), after which a quickly healing wound is left. Radiotherapy does not damage the nevus tissue, which allows subsequent histological examination. After the procedure, there are no scars left, and the postoperative wound quickly disappears.
• Electrotherapy. Such therapy involves burning out the nevus with low-frequency electricity. The procedure is very traumatic, there is a high probability of postoperative scarring, so this technique is used quite rarely. But electrocoagulation also has its advantages - the possibility of histological examination.
• Surgical removal. A similar method is used to remove large moles or when melanoma has deeply grown in the tissue on which it is located. Also, a similar operation is applicable for flat nevi, tumors of a malignant nature and for malignant moles. Cancerous tumors are excised along with the surrounding skin.

If the patient wants to get rid of a nevus for aesthetic reasons, then it should be taken into account that a mole can be permanently eliminated only if it does not exceed 5 mm. If the nevus is large, a scar will remain after removal.

Survival prognosis

The survival rate is usually determined by the thickness of the malignant mole. This criterion is called the Breslow depth. The depth of penetration of the oncological process – the Clark level – is also taken into account when predicting.

If melanoma is less than 1 cm thick, the prognosis is favorable. If the thickness of the nevus exceeds 1 cm, then the prognosis is less favorable.

Prevention

Prevention of the degeneration of a benign mole into a malignant one has not been developed today, although there are several recommendations that can help prevent the process of malignancy:

• Be attentive to the condition of existing moles, and if there are changes, contact an oncologist in a timely manner;
• Avoid long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation (solarium, beach), use protection against UV rays;
• Avoid contact with chemicals.

You should not try to cut or tear off a mole yourself. This should only be done by a specialist and using the necessary equipment.

Video about how to recognize a malignant formation on the skin, diagnosis and treatment of the tumor:

Nevus of Ota, or, as it is also called, oculodermal melanocytosis, is a nevoid dermatological disease that manifests itself in the form of dark blue skin formations. The disease mainly affects the cheeks, eye area and upper jaw. When diagnosing nevus of Ota, patients are recommended to undergo regular examination by a doctor.

What is it

Nevus Ota (Ita) is named after the famous Japanese ophthalmologist, who, while studying this disease, was the first to describe it in detail in his scientific works. There are others in medicine titles diseases such as Ota-Sato phakomatosis, Ota syndrome and oculocutaneous melanosis.

The peculiarity of the pathology is that it is mainly diagnosed in representatives of the Mongoloid race. But in rare clinical cases, pathology can be detected in people of Caucasian or Negroid race.

Reasons

Doctors cannot yet determine the exact cause of the formation of such moles. But there are certain factors that contribute to the development of pathology. These include:

• development of accompanying skin diseases;
• genetic predisposition (if one of the parents was previously diagnosed with nevus of Ota, then their child will most likely also encounter pathology);
• negative impact ultraviolet;
• mechanical damage skin resulting from injury;
• violation hormonal background (mostly occurs in adolescence or during pregnancy);
• infection bacterial or viral agents.

A weakened immune system can also play a role in the development of pathology, since a weak body is not able to resist external infections, against the background of which Ota-Sato phakomatosis can occur.

Characteristic symptoms

The disease is accompanied by a change in the color of the skin of the lower eyelid, cheeks, cheekbones or temples. This causes the skin to become dark or blue.

In most cases, localization is unilateral, although pathology can affect both sides of the patient’s face at once. Nevus of Ota can have both multiple and single development.

Sometimes the pathological process spreads to the sclera, conjunctiva or iris of the eye, manifesting itself as a change in pigmentation to brown.

In medicine, there have been cases where spots appeared on the palate, lips or nose. The disease can also affect the laryngeal mucosa. However, no accompanying symptoms are observed with nevus of Ota.

Can it develop into cancer?

Under certain conditions and under the influence of certain factors, nevi can develop into cancerous formations. Most often, large moles that appear on the human body immediately after birth are subject to malignancy. Also malignancy can occur when the number or size of new elements rapidly increases.

You need to be wary of the appearance of birthmarks whose diameter exceeds 2 cm, as well as the following indicators:

• a small one appeared around the nevus bezel red;
• the mole is colored unevenly;
• density formation changes sharply - from hard to softer or vice versa;
• small moles appeared on the surface hemorrhages, nodules;
• Along with the nevus, the patient developed itching, tingling or burning sensation in the affected area.

If one of the above symptoms appears along with a mole, then the first thing you need to do before visiting a doctor is to palpation regional lymph nodes. Then you need to contact a specialist as soon as possible.

Diagnostic features

When the first suspicious symptoms appear, the dermatologist conducts a diagnostic examination. In this case, factors such as the localization of the pathological focus and the clinical picture of the disease should be taken into account. First of all, the doctor conducts a visual examination, but if necessary, additional procedures may be prescribed.

Histological examination can detect melanocytes localized in the deep layers of the dermis. Also, if the development of nevus of Ota is suspected, the doctor may prescribe siascopy and dermatoscopy.

In rare cases, a biopsy of the affected tissue is performed. Based on the results of the tests, the doctor will be able to make an accurate diagnosis. If oculodermal melanocytosis is confirmed, then the patient is prescribed an appropriate therapeutic course.

Treatment

Nevus of Ota, which for the most part is a purely cosmetic problem, is not accompanied by painful symptoms, so many patients disguise this defect with makeup and special concealers.

Since malignancy of a nevus occurs extremely rarely, and removal of a mole is complicated due to its location on the patient’s face, surgical Treatment for nevus of Ota, as a rule, is not carried out in modern dermatology.

Has excellent therapeutic properties laser procedure, that is, removal of oculocutaneous melanosis using a laser. When diagnosing a pathology, the patient must undergo regular examinations by a doctor in order to prevent or detect at an early stage the degeneration of a nevus into a cancerous tumor.

The formation of ulcers, a sharp growth or change in the color of a pigment spot are the main factors indicating the occurrence of malignant transformation. Malignancy of a nevus requires timely surgical intervention and X-ray therapy(radiation therapy method, which consists of short-wave X-ray radiation of formation cells).

After such procedures, the patient faces a long rehabilitation period, during which he must comply with all orders of the attending physician. Also, during the recovery period, the patient is prescribed a special diet that promotes rapid rehabilitation.

Complications

Nevus of Ota is not accompanied by any complications. An exception may be the transformation of a nevus into melanoma. But malignancy occurs extremely rarely. To prevent such an outcome, you need to regularly undergo diagnostic examinations with a dermatologist.

An area of ​​hyperemia (overflow of blood vessels) may occur at the boundaries of the formation. The contours of the spot may change; small cracks, erosions or bumps may appear on the surface of the novus. Such changes are a reason to visit the clinic.

Self-medication for oculocutaneous melanosis is strictly not recommended, as this can cause nevi to develop into cancerous formations.

Oculocutaneous melanosis is more often called nevus of Ota. This nevoid formation received its name in honor of the Japanese ophthalmologist M. T. Ota. The scientist described this skin disease in detail in 1930, although the first descriptions date back to more ancient times.

Nevus of Ota is a nevoid skin formation in the form of a dark blue spot and irregular shape. This formation is located on the face - on the skin of the upper jaw and cheeks. Sometimes pigmentation elements are located not only on the skin, but also on the sclera of the eyes, mucous membranes of the mouth and nose.

Oculocutaneous melanosis belongs to the group of melanoma-dangerous nevi, however, cases of malignancy of this formation are quite rare. Nevus of Ota occurs predominantly in representatives of the Mongoloid race, and in women more often than in men. However, the literature describes cases of the formation of oculocutaneous melanosis in representatives of other races.

Reasons for appearance

To date, the causes of nevus of Ota have not been established. There is a theory about the hereditary nature of this skin formation, but this theory has not yet received sufficient confirmation.

Clinical picture

The process of degeneration is accompanied by pronounced symptoms. The formation changes color; it may become darker or, on the contrary, significantly lighter. Perhaps the pigmentation of the spot will lose its uniformity.

Along the borders of the nevus, it is possible that an area of ​​hyperemia may form. The contour of the spot may change or become blurred, and bumps, erosions, or cracks may appear on the surface of the lesion.

If there is any change in the appearance of the nevus, you should immediately contact an oncologist.

Diagnostic methods

In most cases, to diagnose nevus of Ota, an examination of the formation by a dermatologist is sufficient. However, if doubt arises, an additional examination is prescribed.

It is important to distinguish nevus of Ota from melanoma, pigmented giant nevus.

To clarify the diagnosis, the following studies are carried out.

Content

Nevi (moles) are on the body of almost every person and in most cases are not dangerous. What is a birthmark and is it dangerous? Only some types of this formation are dangerous because they can become malignant, i.e. transformation into melanoma. Therefore, it is important to monitor every mole on your body.

What are nevi and what do they look like?

Many people do not know about the nature of moles and, due to the fact that these formations do not bother them throughout their lives, they do not even remember their existence. What is a nevus from a medical point of view? This is an accumulation of pigment cells on the surface or layer of the skin, which can be congenital or acquired. Congenital spots can be of different sizes - from 0.5 to 10 cm in diameter. The location on the body and the size of these formations are initially embedded in human DNA and are already present in a newborn, but are not visible until a certain age.

Causes of nevi

Acquired nevus - what is it and what causes moles? Pigment cells located between the epidermis and dermis can accumulate for the following reasons:

• ultraviolet radiation – provokes excessive production of melanin by skin cells;
• hormonal changes – due to hormonal changes in the body, new moles may appear and old moles may disappear;
• different types of radiation, injuries can cause migration of pigmented cells;
• heredity - the amount, type, location of congenital pigmentation is determined genetically.

Types of moles

Pigment formations can be classified according to their origin, size, color and location on the skin. Congenital birthmarks come in different shapes, colors, and some can reach 10 cm in diameter. Depending on the location on the body, they may have hair on the surface (Becker's spot). By their nature, there are the following types of nevi:

• vascular - arise due to atypical growth of capillaries (hemangioma, anemic);
• pigmented - due to an excess of melanin in the skin.

Pigmented nevi have a number of varieties:

• by location - borderline (on the palms, feet, genitals), nevus of Ota (pigmentation on the face);
• by color, nature of distribution - blue (blue), brown, violet and pink spots, Setton's nevus or halonevus (spot surrounded by white non-pigmented skin), linear (several nodules in a chain);
• in shape - flat and convex, papillomatous, warty, fibroepithelial, verrucous;
• by the nature of the forming cells - melanoform, melanocytic, sebaceous glands;
• by location in the layers of the skin - dermal, intradermal, intradermal, dysplastic, superficial.

Congenital nevus

Birthmark (ICD name - congenital non-tumor) or congenital nevus - what is it? In the photo on the Internet you can see congenital skin formations of enormous size, which can be located on any part of the body and have different colors. Congenital pigmentation of a certain area is genetically determined with which a person is born. More often it does not pose a threat, but many factors, external and internal, can provoke the growth and transformation of cells that can form melanoma - the most dangerous type of human malignant tumor.

Acquired moles

Melanoform nevi, which consist of cells with melanin, are most often congenital, but can also appear during life. Acquired moles are often melanocytic - with different types of cells, incl. and pigmented. During life, under the influence of many environmental factors, a person can develop a formation of any nature. Such acquired skin neoplasms must be monitored to avoid the risk of their malignancy (transformation into a malignant formation).

What is a histological examination of a mole?

Histology of nevus - what is it? This is an examination of a mole to determine the risk of melanoma arising from it. Any birthmark carries a potential threat; under the influence of various factors it can develop into a malignant formation - melanoma. This type of cancer is considered the most dangerous due to the lack of response from the body. Melanoma can develop on any part of the skin, on the mucous membrane and even on the retina of the eye. Therefore, it is important to have your moles checked at least once a year by a dermatologist.

Melanocytic nevus

Due to the appearance of neoplasms, they are divided into melanocytic and melanoform. Melanocytic spots can form from three types of cells. Thus, melanocytic neoplasms, often benign, are:

• epidermal;
• dermal (intradermal);
• mixed origin.

Epidermal moles are dark in color, often flat and small in size. Sometimes they have hair. If epidermal spots protrude above the surface of the skin and become papillomatous, this may indicate a risk of developing melanoma from them, so it is important to carry out histology on time. Melanoform spots are formed from cells with melanin, so they are brown in color, are congenital, harmless, and can appear in a child during adolescence.

What are nevi on the skin that are not melanoma dangerous?

The concept of a melanoma-hazardous and melanoma-non-hazardous mole implies that there is a risk of melanoma forming from it. Only a doctor can tell exactly which mole is dangerous after a histological examination. However, there are medical statistics that show that some types of spots have a pronounced risk of forming melanoma and these include nevi: pigmented borderline, giant congenital, blue, nevus of Ota, Spitz, Dubreuil. Descriptions and photos of dangerous spots are easy to find on the Internet, but only a doctor can tell about the danger of a particular formation.

Diagnosis of nevi

The type and danger of spots on the skin are determined by the following methods:

• fluorescence microscopy - a special device, a dermatoscope, illuminates the skin to identify the cells that make up the mole, at what depth they are located and how they are formed;
• computer diagnostics – multiple magnification of a pigmented spot, measuring it and identifying its structure;
• histology – laboratory determination of tumor markers.

Treatment of moles

If pigmented areas of the skin do not bother you throughout your life and look normal, then most likely they do not pose any danger, but this does not mean that you can not monitor their condition. Timely diagnosis of changes will help to treat or remove the pigmented area in time to avoid its malignancy. How to treat moles that have caused suspicion? Today, surgical methods are used to remove suspicious formations on the skin.

Surgical removal of nevus

If the danger of a pigmented spot is identified, the doctor makes a decision regarding its removal. There are several surgical methods that are used depending on the type, location and nature of the tumor:

• resection - removal of the nevus surgically (excision) with a scalpel. Disadvantages – pain, scars remain;
• targeted irradiation of pigmentation with low doses of radiation;
• electrocoagulation – a bloodless method of removal with sealing of vessels;
• laser removal is quick, bloodless and painless, leaving no scars;
• cryotherapy - cauterization with dry ice or liquid nitrogen (not suitable for treating intradermal spots).

Treatment of nevi with folk remedies

Many people, having noticed new spots on their body, immediately begin to look for information from photos on the Internet, and then ways to treat them. There are many recipes for traditional treatment of moles on the Internet, but how effective are they? Among the existing recipes are the following:

1. Treatment with vinegar. In folk recipes it is advised to apply directly to the affected skin. Such treatment can be dangerous due to burns.
2. Mixtures based on lemon juice. Lemon is known for its ability to whiten the skin, so using such recipes can only change the color of the skin, and not cure it. Lemon juice helps fight seasonal pigmentation on the face and neck.
3. Chalk mixtures that lighten the skin.
4. Lapis pencil. This remedy has been mistakenly attributed to methods of combating moles, but it is effective only against warts.

Based on these recipes, we can conclude that it is simply dangerous to take on the treatment of skin pigmentation of any kind on your own. Intradermal, papillomatous and other neoplasms can only be diagnosed and treated by a doctor. A dermatologist or oncologist will be able to identify the nature of the formation on the skin, the degree of its danger and methods of treatment. Do not self-medicate so as not to injure your health and avoid the consequences of dangerous methods.

Video: what types of nevi are there?

Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give treatment recommendations based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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Nevus - what is it with photo. Causes and surgical removal of nevus from the body or face

O. L. Ivanov, A. N. Lvov
"Dermatologist's Handbook"

MELANOCYTIC NEVUS are benign skin lesions related to defects of neuroectodermal pigment elements. Found in 3/4 of the population with light skin color. They consist of 3 types of cells: nevus, epidermal and dermal melanocytes.

Classification of melanocytic nevi.

• Melanocytic nevi of epidermal melanocytic origin.
• Main types:
  • borderline (intraepidermal) nevus;
  • intradermal nevus;
  • complex nevus.
• Special types:
  • spindle cell or epithelioid nevus;
  • nevus of balloon-forming cells;
  • halo nevus.
• Melanocytic nevi of dermal melanocytic origin:
  • "Mongolian spot";
  • nevus of Ota;
  • nevus of Ito;
  • blue and cellular blue nevus.
• Melanocytic nevi of mixed dermal and epidermal origin:
  • combined nevus;
  • congenital nevus.
• Melanocytic nevi are precursors of melanoma:
  • congenital nevus;
  • dysplastic nevus.

Nevus border clinically characterized by a solitary spot, less often a papule of dark brown, dark gray or black color with a diameter usually no more than 1-2 mm; the surface is smooth.
Favorite localization - palms, soles, genitals.
It exists from birth or develops at a young age.
Is melanoma-hazardous.

Intradermal nevus (birthmark) occurs most often.
The average diameter is about 1 cm, most often has a hemispherical shape.
The color varies from brownish to almost black.

Nevus complex(dermoepidermal nevus) is a transitional type of development of melanocytic nevus.
Clinically it appears as a pigmented papule, sometimes with papillomatosis.
Rarely reaches 1 cm in diameter.

Acquired nevi are benign neoplasms. They are removed only for cosmetic purposes and to prevent ongoing irritation and infection.

A very small percentage of these nevi undergo malignant transformation.

Signs of malignancy and indications for their immediate investigation are:

• rapid increase in size,
• the appearance of elements - satellites,
• itching and pain.

Changes in color, gradual increase in size, and elevation of acquired nevi occur during adolescence and are considered normal phenomena and should not cause concern.

However, excision followed by histological examination is a simple and safe method when there is doubt about the benign nature of the nevus.

Spindle cell nevus, or epithelioid (Spitz nevus, juvenile melanoma) - a benign melanocytic tumor, often solitary, less often multiple, red-brown in color with a smooth or warty surface.
It is characterized by rapid growth to a diameter of 1-2 cm, long-term existence (for many years) and spontaneous involution. With minimal trauma, bleeding is noted.
Most often located on the face, cheeks, legs.
Histologically, it resembles melanoma in the early stages of development.

Nevus of Setton(halonevus) - a pigmented nevus with a peripheral zone of depigmentation. It can be congenital, but more often occurs in children and young people or in pregnant women, with autoimmune deficiency and vitiligo.
Clinically, it presents as single or multiple pigmented nevi with a peripheral zone of depigmentation; may regress spontaneously.

Nevus Ito clinically and pathomorphologically similar to Jeevus Ota, but located in the supraclavicular region, on the lateral surfaces of the neck, in the area of ​​the scapula, and deltoid muscles.

Congenital melanocytic nevi are potential precursors to melanoma.
They are observed in almost 1% of newborns and can be represented by macular, papular, warty or nodular elements.
Their color varies from different shades of brown to blue or black. They have a leather-like consistency. Hair may grow on their surface.
Favorite localizations are the lower torso, upper back, forearms, chest, proximal parts of the upper and lower extremities.
Small nevi are the most common.

Giant nevi have a high malignant potential and transform into melanoma in 6-10% of cases.
Treatment: surgical excision in childhood.

Dysplastic nevus is a precursor of melanoma and is isolated on the basis of clinical and pathological signs. May be sporadic or familial; the latter transform into melanoma in 100% of cases.
Clinically, dysplastic nevi are often multiple, more than 5 mm in diameter, irregular in shape, with unclear boundaries and uneven pigmentation - from black-brown to pink-red.
They are most often located on the back, lower extremities, scalp, chest, buttocks, and genitals.
Clinical and pathomorphological signs of dysplastic nevus do not always correlate. The degree of risk of transformation of a dysplastic nevus into melanoma is assessed based on personal and family history according to the working classification of nevi.

The diagnosis of dysplastic nevus is confirmed by the results of two biopsies from different areas of the lesion. A series of dynamic color photographic studies are carried out.

Treatment: dysplastic nevi, if necessary, are surgically removed by oncologists; patients are informed about signs of its transformation into melanoma, recommended to avoid exposure to the sun, and regularly use sunscreen when going outside.

Nevus blue- a common type of pigmented nsvus of dermal melanocytic origin. Histologically, simple and cellular varieties are distinguished. Refers to melanoma-hazardous.
Clinically, a simple blue nevus is often a solitary nodule from light gray to black in color with a smooth, hairless surface and a dense elastic consistency. Its diameter rarely exceeds 1 cm. Cellular blue nevus is usually larger (up to 3 cm in diameter). It is most often located on the back of the hands, feet, in the lumbosacral region, and on the buttocks. It grows slowly.

Treatment: if necessary, surgical removal

Nevus Ota(oculocutaneous melanosis) is a permanent diffuse disorder of pigmentation of the skin around the eyes. Clinically, it is a massive bluish-gray spot or spots merging with each other, located on one side of the face in the zone of innervation of the first and second branches of the trigeminal nerve.
Some patients experience patchy lesions of the sclera and other tissues of the eye, mucous membranes of the nose and cheeks.
The course is long-lasting, without spontaneous involution.

Treatment: concealing cosmetics.

Nevus of the sebaceous glands- does not apply to melanocytic nevi; it is caused by hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands. Often detected at birth, the favorite localization is the scalp, face, sometimes the oral mucosa and the red border of the lips.
Clinically, it appears as small, dense, yellowish-white nodules the size of millet grains, often confluent than isolated.