Blennorea with inclusions. Blenorrhea in newborns Prognosis, consequences and complications

Acute infectious eye diseases occur in children in the first days of life. Blenorrhea in newborns is a serious pathology, accompanied by purulent discharge from the conjunctiva. The infection is dangerous due to complications: blindness and death of the eye.

Gonococcal conjunctivitis is a disease that affects both eyes. Occurs as a result of intrauterine infection or improper hygiene after birth. It is also transmitted through the birth canal from a sick mother. The causative agent is gonococcus. The mucous membrane of the newborn's eye is severely affected. It may become thinner, after which bacteria affect the cornea of the eye, causing irreversible consequences.

The disease does not appear immediately after infection, and the first signs are obvious after two to three days (more often the infection is noticed in the maternity hospital). The source of spread is the bacterium gonococcus, which affects the mother, or unsanitary conditions in the delivery room.

Symptoms of concern

Blenorrhea always manifests itself in a newborn in the same way; it is characterized by the following symptoms:

severe thickening of the eyelids, redness of the skin around the eyes;
it is difficult to open the baby’s eyes for examination;
the conjunctiva becomes loose, often accompanied by bleeding;
copious serous discharge, discharge of pus;
eyelids stick together and dry out;
the newborn becomes capricious;
the temperature rises.

Pay attention! A complex form of gonoblennorrhea in newborns often requires hardware opening of the eyelids for diagnostic examination and treatment. After a few days, the eyes open easily on their own.

Diagnostic methods

Before starting treatment, correct diagnosis is required. A study of discharge from the eyes of a newborn is carried out in laboratory conditions. If gonococcus is present in the test results, blenorrhea is confirmed.

Ophthalmoblennorrhea is determined by direct examination of the eyes of a newborn. It is important not to confuse blenorrhea with purulent conjunctivitis or dacryocystitis. Therefore, you need to seek help from a competent ophthalmologist.

At the same time, pathology of the cornea of the eyeball is excluded; for this, the newborn is prescribed biomicroscopy, diaphanoscopy, and a fluorescein installation test.

What is hardware eyelid opening?

If the baby cannot open the eyes stuck together from pus using a conservative method, then they resort to the hardware method. To do this, a special instrument is used to penetrate under the baby’s upper eyelid and pierce the dense purulent sac.

Drug therapy for gonococcal eye infections in children

Several types of medications are used to treat blenorrhea in newborns and babies up to one year old.

Note to moms! Before use, local antiseptic preparations must be diluted with water, since these products are concentrated and can cause allergic reactions. The medicine should be diluted in a ratio of 3 drops to 1 tbsp. l. boiled water.

Taking medications

The course of treatment is individual for each little patient. The dosage of medications depends on the age of the newborn and is prescribed by the doctor.

Treatment of blenorrhea in a child under one year of age is carried out in strict sequence:

Traditional therapy for blenorrhea

From a medical point of view, it is prohibited to use folk remedies to treat diseases of the visual organs. They do not bring the desired result and are used only as additional ones. Based on some medicinal herbs, you can prepare a decoction for washing the eyes after drug treatment. To do this, use pharmaceutical chamomile, ripe rose hips, fresh dill seeds, and strong tea leaves.

Children say! A son (4 years old) was with his grandparents for a long time, got bored, and told them:
- I’m kind of worried about my mother.

Doctors urge parents not to use herbal decoctions to wash the eyes of newborns without an examination by an ophthalmologist. These actions often contribute to the spread of infection, especially if hygiene is not observed during the procedure.

Advice! At home, to alleviate the condition of a newborn diagnosed with gonoblenorrhea, it is recommended to wash the eyes with warm boiled water three to four times a day. This procedure must also be done during the rehabilitation process.

Complications of blenorrhea

When there is no treatment or an incorrect diagnosis, gonococcal conjunctivitis in infants develops into complications, often irreversible for health. Extensive damage to the cornea occurs, cloudy spots and ulcers on the eyeballs are noticed. The pus then moves into the remaining tissues of the eye, causing its death.

If this process is not stopped, gonococci move into the newborn's bloodstream, damaging joints and causing gonococcal arthritis. This pathology is accompanied by hyperthermia and aching joints.

Prevention of ophthalmoblennorrhea in a child

You can reduce the risk of infecting a newborn baby with blenorrhea by following the algorithm that complies with SanPin:

Labor must be carried out under sterile conditions for both mother and newborn. Sick nurses, doctors and midwives are not allowed to work.
If a mother is a carrier of gonorrhea during pregnancy, she must be treated in the second trimester, otherwise there is a risk of congenital blennorrhea in the newborn.
Before childbirth, as a preventative measure, the mother is sanitized under the supervision of an experienced gynecologist.
After the baby is born, Sodium Sulfacyl or Silver Nitrate 2% must be instilled into his eyes to prevent the occurrence of ophthalmoblennorrhea.
Newborn care items are sterilized, even if they are new.

At the end of the article, watch a video that talks about the risks of blenorrhea and what prevention should be.

Blenorrhea in newborns is an inflammation of the conjunctiva. Blennorea is acute and purulent in nature and has an infectious onset. Most often this disease is caused by gonococcus, less often by pneumococcus, staphylococcus, streptococcus, and chlamydia.

How does infection occur?

Most often, children become infected when they pass through the birth canal of a mother with gonorrhea. It is also possible to become infected immediately after childbirth. The source of infection, in this case, will be dirty hands, linen, and water. Failure to comply with asepsis and antisepsis increases the likelihood of blenorrhea in a newborn. With early opening of the membranes, a long anhydrous period, or prolonged labor, there is a possibility of intrauterine infection. In such a situation, the child is already born with blenorrhea. Of course, now this unpleasant disease does not occur so often thanks to good prevention, but it still remains quite relevant.

Symptoms of blenorrhea in newborns

The incubation period takes from several hours to a couple of days. Blenorrhea usually affects both eyes of the child. At the beginning of the disease, the conjunctiva of the eye turns red, which begins to bleed when touched; there may be a small amount of discharge that is serous-hemorrhagic in nature. The eyelids are swollen and tight. When examined, the newborn's eyes open with difficulty.

There are three periods during the disease

Infiltrative period. On the third day from the onset of the disease, the eyelids become a little softer, the swelling subsides a little. At the same time, a thick purulent secretion begins to be released from the eyes continuously and in large quantities, which sticks the eyelids together and flows down onto the child’s face. The duration of this period is 24-48 hours.
Purulent period. Suppuration from inflamed eyes reaches its maximum during this period. The eyelids become even softer, but they are stuck together due to the large amount of pus. The duration of the period is from three days to two weeks.
Period of papillary hypertrophy. During this period, the amount of pus secreted decreases, it becomes less thick and takes on a more serous character. Papillary growths and folds appear on the conjunctiva, and it gradually acquires a healthy appearance. The period lasts from two to four weeks.

Complications of blenorrhea for newborns

Perhaps the most severe complication of neonatal blenorrhea is the involvement of the cornea in the infectious process. This usually occurs during the period of maximum suppuration. As a result of infection and disruption of trophism, the cornea becomes dull, an infiltrate appears on its surface, which soon turns into an ulcer. With a favorable outcome, the ulcer epithelizes and only a small superficial spot remains on the cornea. If the course is unfavorable, the process progresses, and as a result, a thorn may remain on the cornea.

Treatment of blenorrhea in newborns

The most effective treatment is with antibacterial and sulfonamide drugs. Penicillin is the most commonly used antibiotic. They are prescribed to the child intramuscularly, and they are also instilled into the eyes after rinsing with an isotonic solution.

For certain reasons, the child is affected by this disease.

It causes the baby's body severe harm, so parents need to think about treatment as early as possible.

We will talk about the symptoms and prevention of gonoblenorrhea in newborns in the article.

How to treat hyperexcitability syndrome in newborns? Find out about this from ours.

General information

Gonoblenorrhea is acute conjunctivitis, which is caused by gonococcus. This is a fairly serious eye disease. It is usually transmitted to newborns from the mother during birth.

If the disease is not treated, the infection will spread. From the mucous membrane it can enter neighboring tissues and affect the entire body, causing myositis and endocarditis.

The pathology is dangerous because affects the cornea, her nutrition is disrupted. This leads to the formation of pus.

The process can be so serious and dangerous that it leads to the baby, and in severe cases to blindness.

Treatment must be started immediately, preventing the infection from spreading.

Causes of the disease

The disease occurs in newborns for the following reasons:

The causative agent of the disease is Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Neisser's gonococcus gets on the conjunctiva. The infection then spreads from the mucous membrane of the infected eye, which leads to generalization of the disease.

Factors in the development of the disease include poor hygiene, weakened immunity of the baby, lack of timely treatment, and ignoring the symptoms of the disease that have arisen.

How does infection occur?

If mother has gonorrhea, during the birth of the baby she will infect him. This happens when the baby passes through the birth canal.

The infection settles on the walls of the pathways and upon contact with the baby’s body penetrates it. At birth, the disease does not make itself felt, but begins to actively affect the child. Its first signs appear on 2-3 days.

Pathogenesis

Baby's eyelids swelling sharply and rapidly, become inflamed. They acquire a bluish-purple hue.

The swelling of the eyelids is very dense, and this leads to the fact that the child cannot close the eyelids on his own.

Serous matter is released from the eyes. As the disease progresses, the discharge becomes abundant. This really bothers the baby and he cries.

Symptoms and clinical picture

The disease is not difficult to identify; it is accompanied by pronounced symptoms:

Swelling. The eyelids thicken. They increase slightly in size and turn red.
Impossible to turn eyelids. It is possible to open the palpebral fissure slightly with great difficulty.
Selection liquids. It may be liquid at first, but over time it thickens, and the baby cannot open his eyes.
Appearance pus. It is released in a certain amount and settles on the surface of the eyelids.
Moodiness. The child cries and feels discomfort. Possible sleep disturbance.

Newborns can be restless and capricious during illness. This negatively affects the functioning of the nervous system.

Complications and consequences

If treatment is not started on time, complications may occur:

Corneal lesion, violation of her nutrition. This leads to copious discharge of pus and the spread of the disease.
Emergence purulent ulcers. They can increase in size and infect the eyeball.
Inflammation of the eyeball. It threatens vision impairment and the risk of blindness. This cannot be allowed.

By starting treatment on time, you will be able to avoid negative consequences.

Diagnostics

It is not possible to determine the disease on your own. Diagnosis of the disease carried out in a hospital by a doctor. For this purpose, these diagnostic methods are used:

Examination of the patient. The doctor examines the child's eyes.
Examination of discharge from the eyes. The material is studied in the laboratory. This allows you to determine the presence of infection.

These methods allow you to quickly and effectively identify the disease. It is diagnosed very quickly, after which the patient is immediately treated.

Why is a hematoma on the head of a newborn after childbirth dangerous? find out right now.

Treatment methods

To treat a child, pharmaceuticals and injections are used.

Drugs

Specialists prescribe antibacterial drugs:

chloramphenicol solution 0.25%;
Miramistin solution 0.01%;
sodium sulfacyl solution 10%.

These drugs are used in the form of drops. They are diluted with water before use.

For 2-3 drops of medicine you need to use at least a tablespoon of water. These products are used 2-3 times a day. Exact dosage, the duration of treatment is prescribed by the doctor.

You need to take the medicine one tablet in the morning and in the evening. Newborn pre-crushed tablet and mixed with water, since he will not be able to swallow the tablet on his own.

Ointments

Doctors advise using ointments:

ofloxacin ointment 0.3%;
tetracycline ointment 1%;
ciprofloxacin ointment.

These products are applied to the child’s eyelids 2-3 times a day. They contribute reduction of discharge, removal of swelling, recovery. The duration of use of ointments depends on the stage of the disease.

Injections

Injections are an effective treatment method. The following medications are administered to the child:

Ceftriaxone. Administer 25 mg/kg intramuscularly once a day in the first three days of treatment.
Cefotaxime. One gram is administered intravenously every eight hours. The child is treated for the first three days, but no more, to avoid complications.

These drugs help to quickly destroy the pathogen and stop the development of the disease. They restore the child’s health and eliminate the symptoms of the disease.

You cannot administer medications yourself by injection; this must be done by a doctor, correctly calculating the dosage of the drugs.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are used by doctors only as a last resort if the above-mentioned medications do not bring results. Antibiotics are selected very carefully, based on the patient’s health and individual characteristics of the body.

It is prohibited to purchase antibiotics on your own., as it can harm the body. The following antibiotics are commonly used:

ampicillin;
chloramphenicol;
tetracycline.

Dosage and duration of antibiotic use determined strictly by a doctor.

Specialists It is not recommended to treat a child with folk remedies, since this is a serious disease and folk remedies will not bring the desired effect. Folk remedies will not be able to defeat the pathogen; they can only be used to relieve the primary symptoms of the disease.

You can wash your baby's eyes warm boiled water, tea. Very carefully, these products remove purulent discharge on the surface of the eyelids and alleviate the patient’s condition. Such procedures are carried out 3-4 times a day.

However, in addition to them, it is necessary to give the child medications.

Prevention

To prevent gonoblennorrhea, a certain algorithm of actions according to SanPiN is used. Experts recommend:

This disease very dangerous for a child, so it is necessary to start treatment immediately. For this, the child is urgently shown to a doctor and diagnosed.

You can learn about the rules for caring for the eyes of a newborn to prevent gonoblennorrhea from the video:

We kindly ask you not to self-medicate. Make an appointment with a doctor!

Purulent conjunctivitis or blenorrhea in newborns is most often caused by gonococcal infection. The disease is characterized by severe swelling of the eyelids and profuse suppuration. Untimely treatment of severe forms of gonoblennorrhea threatens vision loss. Thanks to special preventive measures, pathology of gonococcal origin is extremely rare.

Causes of the disease

Eye diseases caused by bacteria of a different etiology account for approximately a third of all cases and occur in a milder form. Blenorrhea in newborns can develop as a result of circumstances such as:

Bacteria enter the mucous membrane of the baby's eyes as he moves along the birth canal infected with the causative agent of gonorrhea.
Prematurely opened amniotic sac or difficult labor leading to infection inside the womb.
Infection of a child with the help of care items, water, hands due to violation of hygiene rules.

Pathologists call. the following pathogens:

gonococcus;
chlamydia trachomatis;
staphylococcus;
coli;
streptococcus;
Koch-Wicks stick;
pneumococcus;
mixed microflora.

Symptoms

At first, such a baby may have swollen eyelids.

Manifestations of the disease as a result of intrauterine infection are immediately visible in the newborn child. After infection during childbirth, signs of the disease appear a couple of days after birth. More often, both eyes are affected simultaneously, less often - alternately. The disease has 3 stages, during which the symptoms are somewhat transformed. The main symptoms are presented in the table:

Diagnostics

After birth, the baby’s vision organs are examined by a specialized doctor.

The presence of blenorrhea in a child and its etiology is determined by the ophthalmologist based on the results of the initial examination by opening the eyelids. Severe swelling and compaction sometimes require effort to open. It is necessary to isolate the patient's eyes with cotton swabs, since accumulated pus can be intensely released when the eyelids are opened. After an external examination, a smear is taken from the mucous membrane of the eye.

To prescribe effective therapy, laboratory tests are carried out to help determine which pathogen caused the pathology. These include:

microbiological test;
polymerase chain reaction;
enzyme immunoassay;
RIF diagnostics.

In addition, instrumental methods are used. Research is carried out to prevent pathologies of the cornea and damage to the internal structures of the eye. These include the following procedures:

biomicroscopy;
fluorescein instillation test;
Diaphanoscopy.

Blenorrhea in a child serves as a basis for examining the parents. The well-being of a newborn depends on their health.

Treatment of the disease

Injection antibiotics can be used to treat the disease.

General and local therapy is aimed at destroying the pathogen and lasts approximately 2 weeks. In addition to the pediatrician and ophthalmologist, a dermatovenerologist participates in complex treatment. The acute course of blenorrhea requires the systemic use of antibacterial drugs. A repeat smear is also taken to determine the effectiveness of the therapy. Main events:

Regular (every 1-1.5 hours) jet cleansing of the conjunctival cavity with saline solution.
The use of an antibacterial drug for eye drops or intramuscular injection.
Placing antimicrobial ointment behind the eyelids.
Use a protective bandage for a healthy eye for preventive purposes.

Drugs

Rinsing the eye mucosa is carried out with solutions of sodium chloride, Furacilin, and potassium permanganate. After the cleansing procedure, the eyes are instilled with sulfonamide or antibacterial agents - Albucid, Tetracycline, Penicillin. In case of exacerbation, antibiotics are prescribed by injection. In case of damage to the cornea, antimicrobial liniments are used, including erythromycin ointment or containing tetracycline.

Folk recipes

A decoction of sage can be used to treat a child’s visual organs.

Treatment of blenorrhea is recommended to be supplemented with the use of herbal decoctions. The most effective are chamomile, sage, and calendula. The affected eyes are washed with decoctions several times during the day to remove purulent plaque. The use of such products speeds up recovery, as the plants have an antibacterial and disinfectant effect. One of the ways to prepare a medicinal drug:

Pour 1 tbsp. l. flowers with 200 ml water.
Boil.
Leave in a thermos for 40-50 minutes.
Filter through 2-3 layers of gauze.
Wash your eyes with the decoction or apply compresses.

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A patient who had been suffering from varicose veins of the lower extremities for a long time consulted a doctor with complaints of bleeding from a varicose vein on the lower leg. Your tactics: a) apply a pressure bandage to the bleeding site, apply a tourniquet proximal and distal to the bleeding site and send to a surgical hospital

A patient with hemorrhoids must be sent to a surgical hospital for surgical treatment a) for thrombosis of hemorrhoids b) for repeated hemorrhoidal bleeding e) for a combination of hemorrhoids with a chronic anal fissure

A patient with a wound to the lower third of the thigh and bleeding from the wound site must be transported to a distant hospital. Which of the following regarding the application of a hemostatic tourniquet in this case is correct? a) the tourniquet is applied for no more than 2 hours, during which it is necessary to periodically release the tourniquet for a short time b) a note must be attached indicating the time the tourniquet will be applied d) application of the tourniquet to the middle third of the thigh must be combined with immobilization of the limb

An 18-year-old patient complained of pain in the eyelid area and narrowing of the palpebral fissure on the right. c) external barley

A 23-year-old patient complains of palpitations, frequent attacks of which have been bothering him for 5 years. c) Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

A 26-year-old patient was injured by fragments of broken spectacle glass and went to the nearest emergency room. b) chloramphenicol solution 0.25%

A 30-year-old patient complained of pain in the area of the second finger of the right hand. He notes that he injured his finger with a needle 3 days ago. Body temperature - 37.5°C. Locally in the injection area there is an infiltrate, a drop of pus is visible under the epidermis. The patient was diagnosed with cutaneous panaritium. a) cutaneous-subcutaneous felon ("cufflink")

A 30-year-old patient suffering from type I diabetes mellitus was found in a comatose state 3 hours after insulin administration. e) administer 20 ml of 40% glucose solution

A 32-year-old patient complains of acute “dagger” pain in the epigastric region. It is known that the patient has been suffering from duodenal ulcer for a long time. What complication of the disease should you think about first? b) about perforation

A 33-year-old patient discovered in the morning that the eyelids in both eyes were swollen, stuck together, and the eyes turned sharply red. b) acute purulent conjunctivitis

A 35-year-old patient complained of frequent (2-3 times a year) sore throats. a) chronic tonsillitis

A 40-year-old patient complained of a tumor-like formation on his right shin, which did not cause discomfort. On examination: on the outer surface of the leg in the thickness of the soft tissue there is a round, painless, dense formation, not associated with the skin and bone, moderately mobile, 1.51.5 cm in size, the skin over it is not changed, there are no disorders of skin sensitivity in this area. It is most likely that the patient has d) fibroma

Patient 40 years old, first day of extensive myocardial infarction. On examination, pale, cold skin with a “marble” pattern, sinus tachycardia 140 bpm, blood pressure 70/40 mm Hg. Art. Emergency therapy should begin e) with the administration of dopamine

A 40-year-old patient, a carpenter by profession, complained of a round tumor-like formation on the palmar surface of the skin. a) epithelial cyst

A 43-year-old patient complains of weakness, sweating, low-grade fever, and enlarged cervical and submandibular lymph nodes. On palpation, the nodes are dense, somewhat painful, and fused together. d) tuberculosis

A 45-year-old patient with long-term stable high arterial hypertension complained of headache, severe weakness, and periodic swelling of the face in the morning. b) Cohn syndrome

A 50-year-old patient has been suffering from an ingrown toenail of the first toe of his right foot for a long time and periodically undergoes conservative treatment. a) after stopping acute inflammation with conservative measures (baths with an antiseptic solution, antibiotics), surgical intervention on the nail, nail layer and periungual fold - on an outpatient basis

A 50-year-old patient presented 4 days after an episode of prolonged (up to 5 hours) chest pain. The ECG shows a complete block of the left bundle branch. When deciding on the presence of acute myocardial infarction, d) determination of lactate dehydrogenase activity will have diagnostic value

A 50-year-old patient suddenly felt a sharp decrease in hearing in the right and left ears after a bath. No increase in temperature, pain, or dizziness was noted. a) sulfur plug

A 52-year-old patient complained of heavy bleeding of scarlet blood from the anus. Your tactics b) urgent referral to a surgical hospital by ambulance, lying down

A 53-year-old patient has been suffering from coronary heart disease for a long time with frequent attacks of angina pectoris, provoked by physical and emotional stress. b)as irritable weakness syndrome

A 53-year-old patient complained of hoarseness, cough, sore throat, and discomfort when swallowing. These complaints have been bothering the patient for six months; for the last month and a half he has been experiencing difficulty breathing and the appearance of shortness of breath. b) laryngeal cancer

A 53-year-old patient complained of constipation, the appearance of blood in the stool, and bloating of the left half of the abdomen. b) wrong

A 56-year-old patient complained of constipation, the appearance of blood in the stool, changes in the shape of stool (ribbon-shaped), and pain in the lower abdomen. Objectively: general condition is satisfactory, c) digital examination of the rectum

A 60-year-old patient presented 6 hours after the onset of sharp pain in both lower extremities. Suffers from mitral heart disease, atrial fibrillation, and hypertension. a) thromboembolism in the area of the aortic bifurcation

A 60-year-old patient was examined in the clinic. A diagnosis of acute catarrhal cholecystitis is suspected. Your further actions c) urgent hospitalization in a surgical hospital

A 62-year-old patient who had suffered a myocardial infarction consulted a doctor about headaches and dizziness. On examination, the pulse is 86 per minute, blood pressure is 200/100 mmHg. Art., b) finoptin

A 64-year-old patient has noted a gradual decrease in vision in both eyes for 2 years; he cannot distinguish objects with both eyes for 3 months; his eyes did not turn red or hurt. b) mature senile (age-related) cataract

A 67-year-old patient complains of frequent urination, nocturia, and thinning urine stream. Similar phenomena appeared about 2 years ago. It is most likely that the patient has a) prostate adenoma

A 70-year-old patient consulted a doctor 2 days after a strangulated inguinal hernia due to fever up to 39°C. On examination: in the area of the hernial protrusion there is a sharp swelling and hyperemia of tissue, fluctuation. It is most likely that the patient has a) phlegmon of the hernial sac

The patient is unconscious. On examination: cyanosis, convulsions, pulse in the carotid artery is not detected. What urgent action should be performed first? c) performing artificial ventilation of the lungs and external cardiac massage

A patient in the process of developing diabetic ketoacidosis may present the following complaints ALL CORRECT

The patient had suffered a severe traumatic brain injury in the past. d) Jacksonian seizure (focal)

The patient has been suffering from convulsive seizures for many years, which have recently become more frequent. a) focal seizure

The patient sits motionless on the bed, his gaze directed into space. Interested facial expression. Answers questions formally, in monosyllables. c) like oneiroid

The patient consulted a doctor after being discharged from the hospital, where he was treated for appendiceal infiltration; the appendix was not removed. In this situation, it is necessary to b) follow the recommendations given to the patient upon discharge from the surgical hospital

The patient complained of pain in the area of the G2 tooth. On examination: in the area of G2 there is swelling, hyperemia of the gums, suppuration from the gingival pocket, tooth mobility of the third degree. The patient suffers from rheumatism without exacerbation. The optimal tactic for this patient is a) tooth extraction

The patient complained of double vision. On examination: the left eye is deviated inwards, the angle of strabismus on the affected eye is 30°, on the healthy eye - 10°, there is a lack of inward mobility of the affected eye. 10 years ago the patient suffered a blunt head injury. It is most likely that the patient has b) paralytic convergent strabismus, central abducens palsy

The patient complained of a change in the appearance of the dorsum of the tongue that he accidentally discovered. b) desquamative glossitis

The patient suffered generalized urticaria with angioedema after administration of antitetanus serum. What types of cross-sensitization may this patient have? c) to horse meat d) to dandruff

The patient suffered a rheumatic attack 3 years ago. He is currently undergoing a medical examination and has no complaints. Physical examination reveals mitral valve insufficiency. b) inactive

The patient received steam burns to his hand and forearm. On examination: there is swelling and hyperemia of the skin, in places with small blisters filled with light yellow exudate, not tense. Indicate the degree of damage a) 1-2 degrees

The patient was injured in the popliteal region with a cutting object. There is severe bleeding from the wound. What methods of temporarily stopping bleeding can be effective in this case? a) maximum flexion of the knee joint d) application of a hemostatic tourniquet to the upper third of the thigh

The patient complains of acute pain in the perineal area, radiating to the sacrum and suprapubic region. Body temperature increased to 39.5°C. Urination is difficult and painful. It is most likely that the patient

d) acute prostatitis

A patient with a dislocated shoulder notes a feeling of numbness in the fingers. Active abduction of the first finger is sharply limited. The weakening of the radial artery pulse on the affected side is determined. Medical tactics in this case involves a) immediate reduction of the dislocation

A patient with a dislocated shoulder indicates a feeling of numbness in the fingers. Objectively: active abduction of the first finger is sharply limited, the pulse of the radial artery is weakened compared to the healthy one. The dislocation must be corrected a) immediately

A patient with a severe form of lacunar tonsillitis, if necessary, should be hospitalized d) in the infectious diseases department

A patient with liver cirrhosis needs a) abstinence from alcohol b) exclusion of hepatotoxic drugs c) dispensary observation d) periodic biochemical monitoring of liver tests

The patient, a 40-year-old man, has no complaints. Upon objective examination: on the mucous membrane of the right cheek, along the line where the teeth meet, there is a whitish area, somewhat denser to the touch compared to the healthy mucous membrane, b) leukoplakia

A 30-year-old patient underwent resection of 2/3 of the stomach due to a perforated ulcer, according to Billroth I. Subsequently, 30-40 minutes after a heavy meal, the patient developed palpitations, dizziness, profuse sweating, and orthostatic hypotension. It is most likely that the patient has e) dumping syndrome

The patient is always indicated for hospitalization if the boil is localized a) in the area of the nasolabial triangle and the upper half of the face

A patient got a foreign body in his eye at work. The factory assistant found a piece of metal on the surface of the cornea and removed it.

A patient with hay fever is advised to undergo a course of specific hyposensitization with pollen allergens a) 1-3 months before the start of flowering of plants

The patient was diagnosed with appendicular colic. There are no changes in the clinical blood test, body temperature is normal. Your actions c) observation in dynamics