Schizophrenia is inherited probability. The ability of schizophrenia to transmit the characteristics of its development to descendants

In fact, schizophrenics do not suffer from split personality, it is a completely different disease. Schizophrenia is a chronic disease associated with mental disorders. Patients with schizophrenia have periods of exacerbation and calm. This disease is accompanied by auditory and visual hallucinations, the patient suffers from delusions, and may have problems with speech. In the world, there are less than 1% of people suffering from this disease. Until now, medicine has not found an exact answer to the question of what causes this disease. How to live with schizophrenia, how to treat it - these questions also do not have clear answers. In this regard, the mysterious disease is shrouded in myths and assumptions.

Beware of schizophrenia, it is contagious!

A number of European and American scientists, conducting research, discovered a molecular trace of a retovirus in a fluid taken from the brain and spinal cord in people suffering from schizophrenia. The study revealed that 30% of patients suffering from acute mental disorders have this retrovirus. And healthy people No traces of the retrovirus could be found. Unlike other viruses, which are made of DNA, retroviruses are made of another genetic material - RNA. Like HIV, the schizophrenia retrovirus can form DNA from its RNA for the purpose of further reproduction. It is almost impossible to stop this process. And if they originate in one person, they can be passed on from generation to generation. From which scientists came to the conclusion that schizophrenia, like others neuropsychiatric disorders are viral diseases.

The newspaper "Arguments and Facts" in issue 38 of September 21, 2005 published an article about famous psychiatrist, doctor medical sciences Etelius Kazanets. Ethelius argues that schizophrenia is as easy to contract as any other infection. Simple everyday contact is enough. Back in 70, when Kazanets was working at the Research Institute of the Ministry of Health, he heard about a girl who, while living in a communal apartment, contracted schizophrenia from her friend. Ethelius became interested in this fact and began research. I conducted statistics on 40 houses and got an unexpected result. About 10% of people living with people with schizophrenia also became susceptible to this disease. He derived a pattern that infection depends on the proximity and frequency of communication with the patient. Kazanets considered adolescents to be most susceptible to this disease during their puberty. Ethelius read out his sensational discovery at the capital's forum, and then published it in the foreign press. Representatives of the medical community reacted with hostility to his statement, and as a result, Kazanets’s career in Russia was over. He was fired from the Institute of Forensic Psychiatry named after. Serbian. After that, he lived in Russia for another 10 years, working in private practice, and then immigrated to the United States.

Another opinion:

In 2001, the RBC newspaper published an opinion on this topic by doctor of medical sciences, neuropsychologist Evgeniy Shaposhnikov. Neuropsychologist says there's really strong evidence viral nature no schizophrenia. Schizophrenia refers to internal diseases psyche. The reasons for its occurrence are not known. There is some risk of a hereditary predisposition to this disease. The same as in patients with diabetes mellitus or cancer. But this does not mean at all that a woman with schizophrenia will necessarily give birth to a child prone to this illness. He explains the effect of the contagiousness of this disease with the following argument. If you are sick, suffering obsessions, persecution mania, etc., is constantly in contact with his loved ones, he tells them about it all the time and, as a result, can convince them of the reality of the threat. Close people become infected not with schizophrenia, but with its symptom, i.e. with the thoughts of a schizophrenic, they begin to believe what he says.

Other doctors agree that a virus can cause schizophrenia, but reject the fact that the disease is contagious. And they bring enough powerful argument. If this disease were contagious, then all doctors treating schizophrenics would have long ago become infected with this disease. They name the causes of the disease: hormonal disorder, disruption of brain function, long-term traumatic circumstances.

The opinion of ordinary people:

What can we say about opinion? ordinary people about this disease, even if medical experts have not come to a consensus. Several myths have formed among ordinary people about this incompletely studied disease.
There is an opinion that you can become schizophrenic as a result of abuse in childhood. Actually this is not true. Poor treatment can only speed up the process in a child predisposed to the disease or aggravate the disease.

The idea that people with schizophrenia are aggressive is also a misconception. Aggression itself is not associated with this disease. It’s easier to say that if a person is aggressive in life, then during periods of exacerbation of schizophrenia he will be so, and if he is calm by nature, then schizophrenia will not make him aggressive. But one should still take into account the fact that these people still pose some danger. During the period of exacerbation of the disease, they can cause harm to others even with good intentions. For example, they will want to destroy something in order to escape from alleged pursuers, etc. In addition, such people are very at risk of becoming addicted to drugs or alcoholism. Which in turn shortens their life.

Some believe that a person can develop schizophrenia after committing some unfavorable act. And as a result of a strong experience, become schizophrenic. This is also a mistaken opinion.

All schizophrenics are geniuses. There is also such an opinion. Indeed, the brains of geniuses work more efficiently than the brains common man. Perhaps for this reason, many geniuses may experience mental disorders. But this does not mean that all patients with schizophrenia are necessarily geniuses.

Is there a cure for schizophrenia?

Some people believe that people with schizophrenia are simply mentally weak and therefore cannot cope with their illness. But schizophrenia is the same disease as, for example, deafness. A person who is hard of hearing cannot begin to hear better simply by an effort of his will. Most schizophrenics are aware of their illness and strive to get rid of it. Of course, to understand the disease they need the support and understanding of people close to them. After all, a schizophrenic still needs to believe in the fact that part of the world that they hear and see is unreal.

But the truth is that at the moment there is no medicine that would completely cure a patient with schizophrenia. There are only remedies that, to one degree or another, can relieve or reduce the symptoms of the disease. Thus, they can improve the quality of life of the patient and his loved ones. But such drugs usually have negative side effects.

But still, even a person with schizophrenia can defeat this disease!

And there is practical confirmation of this. A great mathematician is a genius who received Nobel Prize, was schizophrenic. He could not recover from this illness, but he managed to deceive his illness. About this real story wonderful shot feature film"Mind Games"

And if you are interested in the topic, when a person, despite any life circumstances, sometimes seems to be out of absolutely hopeless situation, finds a path to victory, you can go to our “We recommend films” section and check out our rating of films dedicated to the topic: Anything is possible!

Or go to any section and find the topic “Success Stories” and read others amazing stories victories

You can become infected with schizophrenia just like any other infection. Basic everyday contact is enough. So says Etheliy Kazanets, psychiatrist, doctor of medical sciences.

FOR THE FIRST TIME about infectious origin psychiatrist Kazanets began to think about schizophrenia in the early 70s, when he worked at the Research Institute of Psychiatry of the Ministry of Health. One day he heard a story about a girl. She lived in a communal apartment and allegedly contracted schizophrenia from her friend. At first, the scientist was distrustful of this, but after analyzing statistics on more than 40 houses in the area of the Izmailovskaya metro station, he received unexpected results: in those apartments, mainly communal ones, where people suffering from schizophrenia lived, approximately 10% of people fell ill, voluntarily or involuntarily communicating with them... This means that the incidence depends on the proximity to the schizophrenic and the duration of contact with him. The conclusion was obvious: schizophrenia is a contagious disease.

Colleagues who went through the school of Soviet medicine advised: keep your head down, keep silent. But Kazanets could not resist: he spoke first at a representative metropolitan forum, then in the foreign press. The reaction followed immediately: in 1979 he was asked to resign from the Institute of Forensic Psychiatry. Serbian. The doors of all specialized research institutes were closed to him. For 10 years, Kazanets earned money in private practice, then he was forced to leave for the USA, but returned after six months. In Moscow, he still had the main thing - a “database”, patients observed for years.

Adolescents during puberty are most vulnerable to contracting schizophrenia, says Etelius Kazanets. - As a rule, infection occurs at school, and manifests itself later, in the early 20s. After 25 years, cases of infection are already rare. Contact with the patient should be constant and long-term - over several years, although not necessarily close. Apparently, communication with carriers of the virus - members of the family in which the patient lives - also poses a danger. Infection occurs through droplets or the air.

To avoid infection, patients should be isolated from others as much as possible. But there is no need to create a ghetto. It is necessary to select a job for them that does not involve constant contact with other people, and provide them with isolated housing.

In my opinion, schizophrenia can be eliminated one hundred percent. Firstly, it is necessary early detection- at the first attack, the first external signs. I created a whole program for this. The patient must be immediately transferred to modern antipsychotics, you can safely stay on them for decades. And secondly, maximum isolation of the patient. Plus prevention of disease in others.

WE ASKED well-known specialists in psychiatry to comment on the hypothesis of Etelius Kazanets.

Isaac GUROVICH, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Director for scientific work Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry:

The virological nature of schizophrenia was discussed in the 50s of the last century. But the idea has not found any scientific confirmation.

As for the overcrowding of patients with schizophrenia in some houses: once upon a time, the head doctors of psychoneurological dispensaries were members of the commissions for the distribution of living space and sought to improve conditions for their patients. And sometimes houses appeared where a lot of our patients ended up.

Evgeniy SHAPOSHNIKOV, Doctor of Medical Sciences, neuropsychologist:

In world psychiatric practice there is still no evidence of the viral nature of schizophrenia. But coincidences are possible. There are diseases - for example, subacute encephalitis - that external manifestations very similar to schizophrenia. And if a person who lived next to someone with schizophrenia gets it, then from the outside it may seem that he has contracted a mental illness.

Schizophrenia is very serious illness, therefore, many experts are studying in depth the question of whether schizophrenia is inherited. It represents an expressed mental change, which gradually causes complete degradation of a person’s personality. The disease is accompanied by a whole set of signs and symptoms, from which a doctor can make a diagnosis.

The likelihood of inheriting schizophrenia is very high. Many people are confident that it is close to one hundred percent. Both women and men suffer from the disease. Moreover, pathology does not always clearly affect immediate relatives. Sometimes its expanded form is found in grandchildren, nephews or cousins.

Risk factors

It is very important to know exactly how schizophrenia is transmitted from generation to generation. In reality, genetic factor plays a fairly large role in the transmission of this disease.

Such danger is distributed with a certain frequency.

If the disorder manifests itself in one baby of twins, then there is about a fifty percent chance that the second child will also suffer from it.
A slightly lower risk is the circumstance if the disease is diagnosed in a grandfather, grandmother, only in the mother, or only in the father.
Only one in eighteen people suffers from the disease if the pathology manifests itself in a distant relative.
One person in fifty is likely to inherit it if patients psychiatric hospital became an uncle or aunt, as well as cousins, great-uncles or grandmothers.

Possible with full confidence to say that the person who has been diagnosed with the pathology, both through his parents and the older generation of relatives, will suffer from this type of mental illness.

The probability of developing the disease is close to fifty percent if the mother or father, or both parents, suffered from it. That is, transmission of the disease occurs autosomally.

If only one family member was schizophrenic, all the same, the risk factor for inheriting the gene remains quite high. It’s hard to even guess what percentage it will be. However, in order to judge this circumstance with confidence, it is necessary to undergo a chromosome analysis.

Influence of the male line

It is important to understand whether schizophrenia is most often inherited from the father, since men are often susceptible to such an illness.

This happens because:

representatives of the stronger sex become ill with mental pathology already in childhood or adolescence;
their disease progresses rapidly;
it affects their family relationships;
the impetus for its development may be a not very significant and even acquired factor;
representatives of the stronger sex more often experience neuropsychic overload, etc.

However, experienced psychiatrists have clearly established that inheriting mental illness from the father is much less common. There is a prejudice about male schizophrenia due to the fact that in the stronger sex the disease occurs in a more severe form.

The main symptoms in men are more developed and vivid. They hallucinate, hear voices, see missing people. Schizophrenics are often very mannered, prone to reasoning, or subject to certain manic ideas.

Some patients completely lose contact with the outside world, stop taking care of themselves, and often suffer from depressive symptoms. Sometimes suicidal tendencies reach the point where a person seeks to commit suicide. If he fails, then most often he immediately becomes a patient in a psychiatric ward.

Men are very often aggressive, constantly drink alcohol, take drugs, and exhibit antisocial behavior.

Male schizophrenics are simply conspicuous, unlike sick women, whose illness is often noticeable only to members of their families.

In addition, representatives of the stronger sex tolerate severe nervous and mental stress much worse, do not seek medical or psychiatric help, and often subsequently end up in prison.

Influence of mother and grandmother line

It is equally important to definitely identify the exact probability of transmission of schizophrenia through heredity through the female line.

It is in this case that the risk of disease increases many times. The likelihood of a son or daughter getting the disease from their mother increases at least fivefold. This figure far exceeds the risk level in cases where the pathology is diagnosed in the father of the children.

It is quite difficult to make any definite forecasts with complete confidence, since general mechanism The development of schizophrenia has not yet been fully studied. However, scientists are inclined to believe that chromosomal abnormality plays a huge role in the occurrence of the disease.

Not only this pathology, but also many other mental illnesses can pass from mother to children. It is even possible that the woman herself did not suffer from them, but is a carrier of a chromosomal mutation, which caused the development of the disease in children.

A difficult pregnancy, aggravated by toxicosis, can also become a risk factor.

Infectious or respiratory diseases that affect the fetus during gestation also give rise to various diseases.

It is precisely such influences that are responsible for the fact that people who were subsequently diagnosed with this severe mental pathology celebrate their birthday at the very peak of spring or winter infection with viral infections.

The hereditary development of schizophrenia in children is aggravated by:

very heavy mental conditions early development daughter or son affected by illness;
lack of full care for the child;
pronounced changes in the baby’s metabolism;
organic brain damage;
biochemical pathology, etc.

Therefore, it becomes clear that in order for the disease to be transmitted in an expanded form, a combination of the most diverse important factors, and not just one hereditary one.

Whether the parents suffered from the disease on the male or female side has a very great value, but not decisive.

Very often a woman is affected, which goes unnoticed by either her family members or medical workers, nor a psychiatrist.

Often, a special mutated gene that she happened to inherit from relatives is recessive, without having much of a chance to express itself in its entirety.

The likelihood of developing a disease associated with a chromosomal factor

There is no clear answer to the question of the transmission of schizophrenia from relative to relative.

Genetic disorder or hereditary predisposition are pronounced risk factors, but not a death sentence. Therefore, people who experience this problem should early childhood be observed by a psychologist or psychiatrist, and also avoid provoking factors for the development of the disease.

Even when both parents of a child are affected by schizophrenia, the possibility of him developing such a pathology still usually does not exceed a fifty percent probability.

Therefore, until evidence is fully supported by practical and experimental data, one can only speculate about whether schizophrenia is a hereditary disease or not.

Even though there are fairly accurate statistical data that the disease is transmitted along a chromosomal line, it is still very difficult to calculate the degree of its probability.

Many prominent scientists in this field have been engaged in relevant research, but there is no definitive data yet. This is explained by the fact that there is no opportunity to fully study mental state and signs of the presence of schizophrenia in all relatives of the patient, his absent great-grandparents, or to identify the conditions for the formation and development of a teenager affected by the pathology.

Sometimes the disease can be transmitted from parents to children, but in such a mild form that it can be very difficult to say that a person has schizophrenia.

In cases where parents or children are in a very prosperous environment and do not suffer from any concomitant diseases, sometimes the disease manifests itself in the form of some strange behavior or even almost hidden carriage.

Circumstances of manifestation of pathology in expanded form

In order for schizophrenia to express itself in a generalized form, a combination of factors such as:

biochemical;
social;
nervous;
psychological;
chromosomal mutation;
presence of a dominant gene;
constitutional characteristics of the patient, etc.

Therefore, making a final conclusion about the likelihood of inheriting schizophrenia should only be done with great caution. However, discount similar factor, of course, is unacceptable.

Practicing psychiatrists have long noticed a connection between an ill father or even an uncle and the presence of pathology in a son or nephew.

Question about heredity mental illness is far from idle, and many are interested in whether, like many other diseases, it can be inherited. If among relatives there are patients with such a diagnosis, then it is quite natural that many people are afraid of the possible manifestation of the disease in them. After all, it is possible that they are carriers of the so-called “genetic bomb”, capable of destroying the lives of subsequent generations. Yes, and one’s own fate also worries to a large extent. What if the genes “wake up” and the disease manifests itself?

It should be noted that such fears are indeed not unfounded. It has long been known that schizophrenia is often passed on to offspring. Even in the old days, families with crazy relatives were not respected. And whenever possible, people avoided marrying such people so that future offspring would not suffer from mental illnesses. It is known that in ancient times people knew nothing about genetics, but there was an opinion that such families were especially sinful, and that evil spirits. Nowadays, people still treat such families with caution, although, of course, no one talks about demons anymore.

Having learned that among the relatives of the future second half there are patients with schizophrenia, most people prefer to refuse marriage. It is not surprising that with such an attitude, the presence of mental patients in the family is carefully hidden, and this fact is not known to outsiders. As a rule, in such cases, everyone considers themselves genetic experts, and is happy to make predictions, one gloomier than the other. All people have access to information on the Internet, and therefore are confident that they can fully calculate the risk involved. Naturally, this opinion is deeply erroneous, and only specialists can make such forecasts.

There is an opinion that schizophrenia is inherited in almost one hundred percent of cases. In addition, many people believe that this mental illness is passed on through generations. For example, if a grandfather suffers from schizophrenia, then the disease will certainly manifest itself in his grandson. Moreover, many argue that this is practically guaranteed. Someone clarifies that only girl descendants can get sick, others say that such learning is destined only for boys. In reality, these are all myths, and such statements cannot be taken seriously. Scientists say that people who do not have “bad heredity” have a one percent risk of developing schizophrenia.

For those who have such heredity, this figure increases. For example, if cousins or sisters are sick, then the risk increases to two percent, the same two percent are present if aunts or uncles suffer from schizophrenia. Four percent is assigned to nephews, five percent to grandchildren. If half-sisters or brothers have the disease, then the rate increases to six percent. The same is true if one of the parents is sick. But if not only the parent, but also the grandmother or grandfather has the disease, then the risk of occurrence already rises to thirteen percent.

Sometimes it happens that schizophrenia is detected in one of the fraternal twins. The second in this case has a risk of seventeen percent. If grandparents and one parent are sick, then the probability of developing the disease is really very high, and reaches forty-six percent. At first glance, such figures are staggering and truly frightening, but in reality, the situation can be considered calmer compared to other diseases. This primarily concerns cancer, diabetes, and some other diseases. However, if a person has a six percent risk of developing schizophrenia, which is six times higher than the rest, it is not surprising that he experiences some anxiety about it.

When it comes to the danger of hereditary diseases and their possible manifestation, then most people worry about offspring. Suppose one of your parents is schizophrenic, then your child has a five percent risk. But, with your six percent, you have no guarantee that you won’t get sick. If this happens, then your child's risk increases to thirteen percent, which makes you think. At the same time, it's quite low rate, when compared with many other diseases considered hereditary. In some cases, the probability of having a child with hereditary pathologies reaches seventy-five percent.

But this is the way a person is designed that when it comes to schizophrenia, even small numbers scare him. The peculiarity is that it is possible to accurately predict the occurrence of any hereditary disease, including schizophrenia, is almost impossible. The fact is that many diseases have simple types inheritance. For example, there is one “wrong” gene that is either passed on or not. You can contact genetic consultation, and find out what risks exist in your case. Also, the fetus can be diagnosed in utero, and it will become known whether the baby carries a certain defect or does not have one.

Schizophrenia is a mental illness that leads to the gradual destruction of a person’s personality.

There is no complete cure for this pathology, so the question of whether schizophrenia is inherited is very relevant. The disease cannot be cured, and such a patient often becomes a big burden and problem for loved ones.

Many people who have relatives with this type of disorder fear for the health of future generations, and fear that under unfavorable conditions the disease will manifest itself in them.

Such thoughts and fears are not completely unfounded, since since ancient times it has become known that if there is at least one crazy person in the family, then the deviation will sooner or later manifest itself in the form of mental pathology in children or grandchildren.

Such a family was usually bypassed, and marrying into its members was tantamount to a curse. Many in those days believed that God was punishing an entire family for the sins of their ancestors and taking away a person’s reason.

Nowadays, no one believes in this, but many consider entering into such a marriage very undesirable. For this reason, information about a relative who is suffering mental disorder, is usually carefully hidden.

However, only specialists can make predictions about the likelihood of a baby having such deviations.

Causes of schizophrenia

The likelihood of getting sick can be noted not only as a result of a burdened seminal history; the trigger for schizophrenia can be:

maternal fasting during pregnancy;
emotional and physical injury received by a child in childhood;
birth trauma;
poor environmental conditions;
drug and alcohol use;
social isolation;
intrauterine development disorder.

Who is more likely to get sick?

Many people, completely unreasonably, believe that the disease occurs as a result of:

only hereditary factor;
transmitted through generations, that is, from grandfathers to grandchildren;
presence of patients feminine(that is, schizophrenia is transmitted through the female line);
the presence of men suffering from schizophrenia (only from man to man).

In fact, such statements are devoid of any scientific basis. The risk of the disease equal to one percent remains in people with completely normal heredity.

How is schizophrenia actually transmitted? The likelihood becomes slightly higher if you have sick relatives. If the family has cousins or sisters, as well as aunts and uncles with an officially confirmed diagnosis, then we're talking about O possible development illness in two percent of cases.

If a half-brother or sister has pathology, the probability increases to six percent. The same numbers can be cited when it comes to parents.

The most high probability The development of the disease occurs in those individuals who have sick not only a mother or father, but also a grandmother or grandfather. If a deviation is detected in fraternal twins, the possibility of developing schizophrenia in the second reaches seventeen percent.

Probability of birth healthy child, even in the presence of a sick relative, is quite high. Therefore, you should not deny yourself the happiness of becoming parents. But in order not to take risks, you should consult a geneticist.

The highest probability, almost 50%, occurs when one of the parents and both representatives of the older generation - grandparents - are sick.

The same percentage is the possibility of developing the disease in identical twin when diagnosing schizophrenia in the second.

Despite the fact that the probability of illness in the presence of several patients in the family remains quite high, these are still not the most terrible indicators.

If we compare the data with a hereditary predisposition to oncological diseases or diabetes mellitus, then you can understand that they are still much lower.

Features of the examination

At different hereditary pathologies conducting research is not particularly difficult. This happens because a specific gene is responsible for the development of a particular disease.

In schizophrenia, this is difficult to do, since this occurs at the level of different genes, and in each patient completely different mutations may be responsible for this.

Experts note that, according to their observations, the degree of likelihood of mental disorders in a child depends on the number of altered genes. For this reason, one should not believe stories that the disease is transmitted through the male or female line.

In fact even experienced specialists cannot know which gene is responsible for schizophrenia in each specific case.

Most types of mental disorders develop quite slowly, and the diagnosis is made several years after the appearance of the first nonspecific symptoms.

Exercise from psychological test for schizophrenia

Conclusions

We can safely say that hereditary form Schizophrenia develops as a result of the general interaction of several genes, which, when combined, cause a predisposition to this pathology.

But even the presence of damaged and altered chromosomes cannot speak of a 100% probability of developing the disease. If a person has had it since childhood normal conditions the disease may never manifest itself in life.

http://vashnevrolog.ru

Is schizophrenia inherited or not? This question remained unanswered for centuries. Many various studies scientists from different countries We were finally able to identify a connection with heredity. But here, too, it turned out that not everything is so simple; schizophrenia is not one of those diseases that are inherited using just one defective gene. In this case, it is used a whole series genes, which in turn leads today to significant difficulties in identifying predisposition to the pathological process.

Facts about schizophrenia

The disease can have both hereditary and acquired etiology. Name exact reason Unfortunately, scientists still cannot determine the development of the disease, despite long-term studies of patients and the use of their genetic material.

Schizophrenia - chronic pathology, which leads to mental disorders and disorders of thinking and perception. Pathology cannot be called dementia, since the intelligence of many remains at high level. The activity of the senses, hearing and vision remains intact; the only difference from healthy people is the incorrect interpretation of incoming information.

In addition to genetic predisposition, there are a number of factors that can become the impetus for the first manifestations of pathology:

brain injuries, including postpartum;
social isolation;
shocks and stress;
environmental factor;
problems in intrauterine development fetus

Is there a risk of heredity?

Question about heredity mental pathologies it's quite sharp. And since schizophrenia is one of the most common types of mental illnesses, scientists pay special attention to this pathology.

Since ancient times, schizophrenia has caused fear among ordinary people; upon learning about the presence of relatives with this diagnosis, fearing negative heredity, they refused to marry. The opinion that schizophrenia is inherited in almost one hundred percent of cases is far from correct. There are many myths about heredity, as if the disease is transmitted through generations either only to boys, or, conversely, to girls. None of this is true. In fact, even people without negative heredity have a risk of getting sick; according to statistics, this is 1% of the healthy population.

Regarding heredity, there are also certain calculations of possible risk:

Improves brain function
Restores memory
Speeds up the thinking process
Helps cope with depression
Improves coordination

most big risk have descendants whose grandparents and one parent have a mental disorder. In this case, the risk rises to 46%;

48% have a risk of developing an identical twin, if pathology is detected in the second;
in fraternal twins this threshold drops to 17%;
if one of the parents and one of the grandparents is sick, the risk of the child developing the disease is 13%;
if the disease is diagnosed in a brother or sister, the risk of pathology increases from one to 9%;
pathology in one of the parents or in a half-sister or brother - 6%;
among nephews - 4%;
in an uncle, aunt, or cousin, the risk is 2%.

Is it all about genes or not?

Majority genetic diseases inherited, have light type inheritance. There is no correct gene, and it is either passed on to descendants or not. But, in the case of schizophrenia, everything is different; the exact mechanism of its development has not yet been established. But according to research by geneticists, 74 genes have been identified that in one way or another may be involved in the development of the disease. So, the more of these 74 genes are defective, the higher the likelihood of the disease.

Genetically, there is no difference between a male or female descendant. IN percentage Before illness, both sexes are equal. It was also found that the risk of the disease increases under the influence of several factors, not only hereditary, but also concomitant. For example, the manifestation of symptoms of pathology can be provoked by factors such as severe stress, drug addiction or alcoholism.

If a couple is planning a pregnancy and has a family history of schizophrenia, it is recommended that they be examined by a geneticist. With its help, there is no way to know for sure whether the heirs will have problems or not, but you can calculate the approximate probability of developing a pathology in a child and determine best period time for pregnancy.

In many ways, people suffering from schizophrenia are practically no different from healthy people. Only a few forms of pathology, in the acute stage, have pronounced mental disorders. During the period of remission, which is achieved by adequate treatment, the patient feels well and does not experience clinical manifestations diseases. Although schizophrenia is a chronic diseases, the duration of remission can significantly exceed the period of exacerbation in time.

http://mozgid.ru

Broadcast mental illness by inheritance is not an idle question. Everyone wants themselves, their loved ones and their children to be healthy physically and mentally. What should you do if among your relatives or the relatives of your significant other there are patients with schizophrenia?

There was a time when there was talk that scientists had found 72 genes for schizophrenia. Several years have passed since then and the research data have not been confirmed. Although schizophrenia is considered a genetically determined disease, structural changes in certain genes, could not be found. A set of defective genes has been identified that disrupt brain function, but it cannot be said that this leads to the development of schizophrenia. That is, it is not possible, after spending genetic testing, to say whether a person will get schizophrenia or not.

Although there is a hereditary condition for the disease of schizophrenia, the disease develops from a complex of factors: sick relatives, the character of the parents and their attitude towards the child, upbringing in early childhood.

Is schizophrenia a hereditary disease?

Since the origin of the disease is unknown, medical scientists have identified several hypotheses for the occurrence of schizophrenia:

Genetic – in twin children, as well as in families where parents suffer from schizophrenia, more frequent manifestations of the disease are observed.
Dopamine: mental activity human depends on the production and interaction of the main mediators, serotonin, dopamine and melatonin. In schizophrenia, there is increased stimulation of dopamine receptors in the limbic region of the brain. However, this causes the manifestation of productive symptoms, in the form of delusions and hallucinations, and does not in any way affect the development of negative symptoms - apatho-abulic syndrome: decreased will and emotions. ;
Constitutional is a set of psychophysiological characteristics of a person: gynecomorphic men and pyknic-type women are most often found among patients with schizophrenia. Patients with morphological dysplasia are considered to be less responsive to treatment.
The infectious theory of the origin of schizophrenia is currently of more historical interest than it has any basis. Previously it was believed that staphylococcus, streptococcus, tuberculosis and coli, as well as chronic viral diseases reduce human immunity, which is supposedly one of the factors in the development of schizophrenia.
Neurogenetic: a mismatch between the work of the right and left hemispheres due to a defect in the corpus callosum, as well as a violation of the fronto-cerebellar connections leads to the development of productive manifestations of the disease.
Psychoanalytic theory explains the appearance of schizophrenia in families with a cold and cruel mother, an oppressive father, a lack of warm relationships among family members, or their manifestation of opposing emotions to the same behavior of the child.
Ecological – mutagenic influence of unfavorable environmental factors and lack of vitamins during fetal development.
Evolutionary: increasing the intelligence of people and increasing technocratic development in society.

Schizophrenia is inherited. The likelihood of developing schizophrenia

The probability of developing schizophrenia in persons who do not have a sick relative is 1%. And for a person with a family history of schizophrenia, this percentage is distributed as follows:

one of the parents is sick - the risk of getting sick will be 6%,
father or mother is sick, as well as grandparents - 3%,
a brother or sister suffers from schizophrenia – 9%,
either the grandfather or grandmother is sick - the risk is 5%,
when you got sick cousin(brother) or aunt (uncle), then the risk of disease is 2%,
if only the nephew is sick, the probability of schizophrenia will be 6%.

This percentage only indicates possible risk schizophrenia, but does not guarantee its manifestation. As you go largest percentage is when parents and grandparents suffered from schizophrenia. Fortunately, this combination is quite rare.

Schizophrenia is hereditary in the female or male line

A reasonable question arises: if schizophrenia is a genetically dependent disease, is it transmitted through the maternal or paternal line? According to the observations of practicing psychiatrists, as well as statistics from medical scientists, such a pattern has not been identified. That is, the disease is transmitted equally through both the female and male lines.

Moreover, it more often manifests itself under the influence of combined factors: hereditary and constitutional characteristics, pathology during pregnancy and the development of the child in perinatal period, as well as the peculiarities of upbringing in childhood. Chronic and severe acute stress, as well as alcoholism and drug addiction can be provoking factors for the manifestation of schizophrenia.

Hereditary schizophrenia

Because real reasons The occurrence of schizophrenia is not known and not one of the theories of schizophrenia fully explains its manifestations - doctors are inclined to attribute the disease to hereditary diseases.

If one of the parents has schizophrenia or there are known cases of the disease among other relatives, before planning a child, such parents are advised to consult a psychiatrist and geneticist. An examination is carried out, the probabilistic risk is calculated and the most favorable period for pregnancy.

About the Transfiguration clinic

The Transfiguration Psychiatric Clinic has experience in explaining the possible risks and responsibilities to patients suffering from schizophrenia who have decided to build a family and have children. Remember that during pregnancy a woman should take psychotropic drugs highly undesirable. It is determined a vital necessity and is carried out only under the strict supervision of a psychiatrist.

You can contact the doctors of the Transfiguration Clinic in any convenient way:

http://preobrazhenie.ru