When does a child's nose grow? A wide bridge of the nose in a child, what does it mean?

Yulia Kamalova, student at the British high school design, became the winner national stage international competition young engineers James Dyson Award 2016. Yulia’s design of a nest for phototherapy of newborns, SvetTex, allowed her to win the first stage of the competition. The invention of SvetTex is capable of creating the maximum comfortable conditions treating infants and protecting the eyes of young patients from glare during phototherapy. In addition, it protects medical...

Discussion

No specialist at 10 months, based on an external examination, can confirm or refute the diagnosis of FAS. Both are unprofessional - the one who said that FAS exists, and the one who said that there is no FAS. With a developmental delay of 10 months. for 4 months, that is, almost 40% FAS may well be. or maybe not. If it is unknown whether the mother drank, it is USELESS to make predictions.

08/18/2010 11:23:52, Natalya L

It’s good that you were firm and found a cardiologist!

Heart disease and ischemia were also in my chart, and there... one more thing... in general terms (movement disorders, developmental delay and you go - it didn’t tell me anything specific, but I’m a specific person).
LLC was, 3mm, false chord. Strabismus - yes. Joint dysplasia, which was listed in the questionnaire, is not b-y-l-o

Thank God that we didn’t come across doctors like your pediatrician.

However, to be honest, I wasn’t going to listen to the doctors at all on the topic of whether to take it or not (the children were already at home when we examined them), so I ignored a lot of things, even if the doctors had something to tell me.

I was only interested specifically in what I absolutely had to do now.

How to properly care for a newborn's belly button
...The umbilical wound gradually heals, becoming covered with a hemorrhagic (dense “bloody”) crust. If the child continues to be in the maternity hospital at this time, then the umbilical wound is treated in the same way as before the umbilical cord remnant - once a day. With wide umbilical wound, possible sparse bloody secretions Your doctor may prescribe more frequent treatment. As with any wound, the hemorrhagic crust formed on the umbilical wound gradually disappears. If healing proceeds well, then after the thick crust falls off there is no discharge from the wound. Sometimes, when a large crust falls off (this happens with a wide umbilical wound), droplets of blood may be released, the wound is “undercovered...

Jaundice of newborns. Newborn

Types of jaundice in newborns. Causes of jaundice, treatment of jaundice
...That's why doctors in maternity hospitals carefully monitor the level of bilirubin in the blood of all newborns. When jaundice appears, newborns should be given this test 2-3 times during their stay in the maternity hospital to determine whether there is an increase in the concentration of bilirubin in the blood. The mother may ask whether such tests were taken from the child. To treat hyperbilirubinemia (increased levels of bilirubin in the blood), intravenous transfusions of a 5% glucose solution (it is a precursor of glucuronic acid, which binds bilirubin in the liver) were previously widely used. ascorbic acid and phenobarbital (these drugs increase the activity of liver enzymes), choleretic agents(they accelerate the excretion of bilirubin with bile), adsorbents (agar-agar, cholestyramine) that bind bilirubin in the intestine and prevent its reabsorption. ABOUT...

This is why the baby trains its arms and legs inside its mother’s belly in order to learn how to use them after birth. Wouldn't it be violence against nature if we began to restrict his freedom? In general, it is human nature to think that he is smarter and wiser than nature. So what if, in the process of evolution, mammals came to land to give birth to their children? We inevitably have the opinion that the continuation of the aquatic environment is better for the newborn baby than falling into the air, and we go to give birth in the water. So what, what does a person’s dentition say about his adaptability to omnivory (a combination of herbivorous and predatory lifestyles)? For us, this is not an argument, and we come up with a theory about the contamination of the body with toxins when eating meat, about achieving special spiritual growth by refusing it - and we turn into vegetarianism...

Discussion

And I'm swaddling. More precisely, she swaddled until 2.5 months. Convenient and all that. They almost immediately stopped using diapers at night - it was unpleasant to sleep wet, so I only pooped before or during night feedings. True, everyone told me that I was swaddling incorrectly - too weakly, I always pulled my hands out. He kicked his legs inside calmly. Now the diapers are already on the bed and sometimes when the onesies are all wet. He climbs out of them once or twice. I will say a few words in defense of diapers - 1. Cheaper than diapers and onesies. 2. More comfortable than wearing rompers or a bodysuit (can you imagine how to take off a bodysuit if you pooped over your head?) 3. The butt breathes. Especially in blue diapers.
And in addition I will say: why limit yourself to only swaddling or only diapers, if it is more reasonable to use both? For example, in the morning, in order to get enough sleep and not change diapers every 5 minutes, use a diaper, and at night and while walking? And the rest of the time, diapers and rompers.

2. The presence at the same time of several signs characteristic of FAS (they have already been described below), and again there are problems in the child’s development.

In addition, there are different degrees of FAS: intelligence may or may not be affected or may be partially affected. Problems in behavior are possible, but again - different.

In general, in any case, you need to look at the child: watch how he understands and remembers/applies new information and skills; look at how disinhibited he is in his behavior (whether this is acceptable for you or not); and look especially carefully to see if you just like him (believe me, if you really like a child, problems are experienced and solved easier).

A neurologist noticed me today and referred me to a geneticist in Filatovka. An extra fold on the palm - what kind of animal? Has anyone encountered this?

Discussion

DM is usually so clearly visible based on various signs that it can be diagnosed immediately after birth. The child is at least “ugly”. Even the mother herself can see all these signs when comparing the child with other newborns.
Therefore, I think you are not in danger of SD, since no one immediately suspected anything.
But what another gene. There may well be a pathology. And this fold is rare, but it also happens in children who are absolutely healthy in terms of genetics. What I sincerely wish for you!

How can one suspect the presence of Down syndrome in a newborn?

In such children, attention is drawn to the Mongoloid shape of the eyes, the skin fold at the inner corners of the eyes, the wide bridge of the nose, deformed ears, flattened occiput. They are a little smaller than normal size oral cavity and the tongue is slightly enlarged, which is why children can stick it out. The fingers are shortened, the little fingers are curved, and there can be only one transverse fold on the palm. On the legs the distance between the first and second toes has been increased. The skin is moist, smooth, the hair is thin and dry. Muscle tone, is often reduced, which causes another characteristic feature- mouth constantly slightly open.
Often these signs are so weakly expressed that they can only be noticed by experienced doctor or midwife.
If you suspect that your baby has Down syndrome, it is necessary to conduct chromosomal tests to confirm the diagnosis.

Passing through birth canal, the whole body of the child is very strongly compressed, as a result of which the newborn’s head may have asymmetry, and the face may have swelling.

Head of a newborn baby

The head of a newborn is relatively large; immediately after birth, almost every child can notice some deformation of the head, less often - asymmetry is obvious. As a rule, any such changes are temporary and they should not frighten young parents.

The main cause of deformation, as already mentioned, is the process of the little man passing through the birth canal. The fact is that the bones of the child’s skull are forced to shift slightly relative to each other during this difficult journey. For this reason, experts have identified a certain pattern: the larger the baby’s head, the more deformation it will be subject to. As a rule, a large head is characteristic of a large fruit.

Babies who were born with the help do not have a noticeable deformation of the head.

If you carefully and carefully feel the head of a newborn baby, you can easily detect the so-called fontanelles. They are a soft area of skin between the bones of the skull; when you press lightly with your finger on such areas, you can feel some pulsation. The largest fontanel is located just above the top of the head, the second is slightly lower from the large one. As the baby grows, his fontanelles tighten; As a rule, by the age of one year they completely disappear.

Newborn baby's face

In the first hours after birth, the newborn’s face still retains traces of strong compression: the nose is flattened, the eyelids are slightly swollen, the skin is swollen, with a reddish tint. In the folds on the face (in the nose area), behind the ears there are small accumulations of a special secretion in the form of white/yellowish dots, thanks to this lubricating secretion it was easier for the child to pass through the birth canal. You shouldn’t remove such accumulations yourself; they will go away on their own over time.

We should also talk about the nose of a newborn. Immediately after birth, this olfactory organ will be slightly flattened and may appear to be very large. This condition, again, is explained by the journey that the baby had to go through. In a couple of days, the baby’s nose will become neat.

In the very first minutes after birth, all nasal cavity the newborn is filled with amniotic fluid, which doctors remove themselves using a special suction. The baby's nasal cartilage is very soft. The nasal passages are relatively narrow, have large number blood vessels, therefore, if the vessels dilate (i.e., the mucous membrane swells), then the baby’s breathing becomes significantly more difficult. If breathing is difficult, the baby will often pause during feeding to inhale air through the mouth. inevitable.

Experts say that a newborn is able to distinguish odors almost immediately after birth. Even they can boast of a good sense of smell. In this regard, a young mother should remember: experiments with eau de toilettes/deodorants are best left for later if she wants to breastfeed her baby for a long time.

If the baby is large, then, most likely, some deformation of the face will be visually noticeable: during the birth process, not only the bones of the skull, but also the bones on the child’s face shifted. A young mother will not find such a face attractive, but by the time she is discharged, the baby’s skin will have time to smooth out and he will appear before his dad (and other relatives) in his very beauty.

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ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

Congenital pathology in the form birth defects development may occur in critical periods intrauterine development under the influence of environmental factors (physical, chemical, biological, etc.). In this case, there is no damage or change in the genome.

Risk factors for having children with developmental defects of various origins may be: the age of the pregnant woman over 36 years, previous births of children with developmental defects, spontaneous abortions, consanguineous marriage, somatic and gynecological diseases mother, complicated pregnancy (threat of miscarriage, prematurity, postmaturity, breech presentation, oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios).

Deviations in the development of an organ or organ system can be severe with pronounced functional impairment or just cosmetic defect. Congenital malformations are detected in the newborn period. Minor deviations in the structure, which in most cases do not affect the normal function of the organ, are called developmental anomalies or stigmas of disembryogenesis.

Stigmas attract attention in cases where there are more than 7 of them in one child, in which case a dysplastic constitution can be stated. There are difficulties in clinical assessment dysplastic constitution, since one or more stigmas may be:

variant of the norm;
a symptom of a disease;
independent syndrome.

List of main dysplastic stigmas.

Neck and torso: short neck, lack of it, wing-shaped folds; short body, short collarbones, funnel-shaped rib cage, “chicken” chest, short sternum, multiple nipples or widely spaced, asymmetrically located.

Skin and hair: hypertrichosis ( overgrowth hair), coffee-colored spots, birthmarks, discolored skin, low or high hair growth, focal depigmentation.

Head and face: microcephalic skull (small skull size), tower skull, sloping skull, flat back of the head, low forehead, narrow forehead, flat facial profile, depressed bridge of the nose, transverse fold on the forehead, low eyelids, pronounced brow ridges, wide bridge of nose, curved nasal septum or nasal wall, cleft chin, small upper or lower jaw.

Eyes: microphthalmos, macrophthalmos, oblique incision of the eyes, epicanthus (vertical skin fold at the inner corner of the palpebral fissure).

Mouth, tongue and teeth: grooved lips, sockets in teeth, malocclusions, sawtooth teeth, inward growing teeth, narrow or short palate or gothic, arched, sparse or stained teeth; forked tip of the tongue, shortened frenulum, folded tongue, large or small tongue.

Ears: high, low or asymmetrical, small or large ears, extra, flat, fleshy ears, “animal” ears, attached lobes, absence of lobes, extra tragus.

Spine: extra ribs, scoliosis, vertebral fusion.

Hand: arachnodactyly (thin and long fingers), clinodactyly (curvature of fingers), short wide hands, curved terminal phalanges of the fingers, brachydactyly (shortening of fingers), transverse palmar groove, flat feet.

Abdomen and genitals: asymmetrical abdomen, incorrect location of the navel, underdevelopment of the labia and scrotum.

With many developmental defects, it is difficult to determine the role of heredity and environment in their occurrence, that is, it is an inherited trait or is associated with the impact of adverse factors on the fetus during pregnancy.

According to WHO, 10% of newborns are diagnosed with chromosomal abnormalities, that is, associated with a mutation of a chromosome or gene, and 5% have a hereditary pathology, that is, inherited.

Defects that can arise either as a result of mutation, or be inherited, or occur due to the adverse effect of a damaging factor on the fetus, include: congenital dislocation of the hip, clubfoot, cauda equina, nonunion hard palate And upper lip, anencephaly (complete or almost complete absence of the brain), congenital heart defects, pyloric stenosis, spina bifida (spina bifida), etc.

The birth of a baby with congenital malformations is a difficult event for the family. Shock, guilt, lack of understanding of what to do next are the minimal negative experiences of the parents of such a child. The main task of mom and dad is to obtain maximum information about the child’s illness and provide him with best care and treatment.

What should an expectant mother know about congenital malformations in order to try to avoid an undesirable outcome?

Fetal malformations may be:

genetic (chromosomal), due to heredity. We cannot influence (prevent) their development;
formed in the fetus during intrauterine development (congenital), largely dependent on us and our behavior, since we can limit or eliminate damaging external factors.

Chromosomal genetic malformations of the fetus

Genetic information is contained in the nucleus of every human cell in the form of 23 pairs of chromosomes. If an extra extra chromosome is formed in such a pair of chromosomes, this is called trisomy.

The most common chromosomal genetic defects with whom doctors meet:

Down syndrome;
Patau syndrome;
Turner syndrome;
Edwards syndrome.

Other chromosomal defects are also less common. In all cases chromosomal disorders mental and physical impairment of the child’s health can be observed.

Prevent the occurrence of one or another genetic disorder is impossible, but it is possible to detect chromosomal defects through prenatal diagnosis even before the birth of the child. To do this, a woman consults with a geneticist, who can calculate all the risks and prescribe prenatal tests to prevent undesirable consequences.

A pregnant woman is advised to consult a geneticist if:

she or her partner has already had a baby with some hereditary diseases;
one of the parents has some congenital pathology, which can be inherited;
future parents are closely related;
identified high risk chromosomal pathology of the fetus as a result of prenatal screening (result hormonal analysis blood + ultrasound);
age expectant mother more than 35 years;
the presence of CFTR gene mutations in future parents;
the woman had missed abortions, spontaneous miscarriages or stillborn children unknown origin in the anamnesis (history).

If necessary, the geneticist suggests that the expectant mother undergo additional examinations. Methods for examining a baby before birth, including non-invasive and invasive.

Non-invasive technologies cannot injure the baby, since they do not involve intrusion into the womb. These methods are considered safe and are offered to all pregnant women by an obstetrician-gynecologist. Non-invasive technologies involve ultrasound and collection of venous blood from the expectant mother.

Invasive methods (chorionic villus biopsy, amniocentesis and cordocentesis) are the most accurate, but these methods may be unsafe for the unborn child, as they involve invading the uterine cavity to collect special material for research. Invasive methods are offered to the expectant mother only in special cases and only a geneticist.

Most women prefer to visit a geneticist and undergo genetic research in case of any serious issues. But every woman is free in her choice. It all depends on your specific situation, such decisions are always very individual, and no one but you knows the correct answer.

Before you undergo such studies, consult with your family, obstetrician-gynecologist, and psychologist.

Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome (TS). Occurs in girls 2:10000. Short neck, pterygoid folds on the neck, edema of the distal extremities, congenital heart defects. Subsequently, sexual infantilism, short stature, and primary amenorrhea appear.

Down syndrome (trisomy 21 chromosomes). Occurs in boys 1:1000. Wide flat bridge of the nose, flat back of head, low hair growth, protruding big tongue, transverse fold in the palm, heart defects.

Klinefelter syndrome (XXY syndrome): patients are tall with disproportionately long limbs, hypogonadism, secondary sexual characteristics are poorly developed, hair growth may be observed female type. Reduced sexual desire, impotence, infertility. There is a tendency towards alcoholism, homosexuality and antisocial behavior.

Hereditary metabolic disorders

Features of hereditary metabolic disorders include a gradual onset of the disease, the presence of a latent period, worsening signs of the disease over time, and are more often detected during the growth and development of the child, although some may appear from the first days of life.

In the development of some forms of hereditary metabolic diseases, there is a clear connection with the nature of feeding. Chronic nutritional disorder, which begins in the neonatal period, as well as during the transition to artificial feeding or the introduction of complementary foods, can hide a deficiency of certain enzyme systems in the small intestine.

Most often, carbohydrate metabolism is disrupted in newborns. Most often this is a deficiency of lactose, sucrose, etc. This group includes: galactose intolerance, glycogen accumulation, glucose intolerance, etc. General symptoms: dyspepsia, convulsions, jaundice, liver enlargement, changes in the heart, muscle hypotension.

Treatment is effective if started no later than two months of age. Milk is excluded from the diet and switched to mixtures prepared in soy milk. Previously, complementary foods were introduced: porridge with meat or vegetable broth, vegetables, vegetable oils, eggs. Strict adherence to the diet is recommended up to 3 years of age.

Amino acid metabolism disorders. Of this group of diseases, phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common. Manifested by changes in the central nervous system, dyspeptic symptoms, convulsive syndrome. PKU is characterized by a combination of progressive psychomotor retardation with persistent eczematous skin lesions, a “mouse” odor of urine, and decreased pigmentation of the skin, hair, and iris.

Currently, a biochemical defect has been identified for 150 hereditary metabolic disorders. Successful therapy of the disease is possible in the absence of it early diagnosis. During the neonatal period, mass examinations of children are carried out to identify certain diseases, including PKU.

Opportunities have expanded significantly early detection hereditary diseases with the introduction of prenatal diagnostic methods into practice. Most fetal diseases are diagnosed by examining amniotic fluid and the cells it contains. Everyone is diagnosed chromosomal diseases, 80 gene diseases. In addition to amniocentesis, they use ultrasound examination, determination of β-fetoprotein in the blood of pregnant women and in amniotic fluid, the level of which increases with damage to the central nervous system in the fetus.

Non-hereditary fetal malformations

From the moment of fertilization, that is, the fusion of male and female gametes, the formation of a new organism begins.

Embryogenesis lasts from the 3rd week to the 3rd month. Developmental defects that appear during embryogenesis are called embryopathies. There are critical periods during the formation of the embryo, harmful effects damage those organs and systems that are formed at the time of exposure to the damaging factor. When exposed to an unfavorable factor in the 1-2 week, very serious defects arise, often incompatible with life, which leads to miscarriages. At the 3-4th week, the head and cardiovascular system are formed, the rudiments of the liver, lungs, thyroid gland, kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, the formation of future limbs is planned, so defects such as the absence of eyes occur, hearing aid, liver, kidneys, lung, pancreas, limbs, cerebral hernia, possible formation of additional organs. At the end of the first month, the genital organs are laid down, lymphatic system, spleen, formation of the umbilical cord.

In the second month, abnormalities such as cleft lip and palate, hearing aid abnormalities, cervical fistulas and cysts, chest and chest defects may occur. abdominal wall, defects of the diaphragm, heart septum, anomalies of the nervous system, vascular and muscular systems.

Embryopathies include:

congenital diaphragmatic hernia,
limb defects (complete absence of all or one limb, rudimentary development of the distal parts of the limbs with normal development proximal parts, absence of proximal parts of the limbs with normal development of the distal parts, when the hands or feet start directly from the body),
atresia of the esophagus, intestines, anus,
umbilical cord hernia,
biliary atresia,
pulmonary agenesis (absence of one lung),
congenital heart defects,
malformations of the kidneys and urinary tract,
malformations of the central nervous system (anencephaly - absence of the brain, microcephaly - underdevelopment of the brain).

Fetopathies. The fetal period lasts from the 4th week prenatal period before the baby is born. It, in turn, is divided into early - from the 4th month. up to 7 months, and late - 8 and 9 months. pregnancy.

When the fetus is exposed to a damaging factor in the early neonatal period, the differentiation of an already established organ occurs. Fetopathies (early) include: hydrocephalus, microcephaly, microphthalmia and other malformations of the central nervous system, pulmonary cystosis, hydronephrosis, hernias of the head and spinal cord- protrusion medulla through sutures and bone defects. Cranial hernias are most often localized at the root of the nose or in the postcranial region.

Congenital intrauterine malformations of the fetus can be of a varied nature, as they can affect almost any organ, any system of the developing baby.

The following dangerous external factors are known:

Alcohol and drugs often lead to serious disorders and malformations of the fetus, sometimes incompatible with life.
Nicotine can cause delays in the growth and development of a child.
Medications are especially dangerous for early stages pregnancy. They can cause a variety of developmental defects in the baby. If possible, it is better to refrain from using medications even after the 15th-16th week of pregnancy (except when it is necessary to preserve the health of the mother and baby).
Infectious diseases transmitted from mother to child are very dangerous for the baby, as they can cause serious violations and developmental defects.
X-rays and radiation are the cause of many fetal malformations.
Occupational hazards of the mother (harmful workshops, etc.), having toxic effects on the fetus - can seriously affect its development.

Congenital fetal pathology is detected by different terms pregnancy, therefore the expectant mother needs to undergo timely examinations by doctors within the recommended time frame

in the first trimester of pregnancy: 6-8 weeks (ultrasound) and 10-12 weeks (ultrasound + blood test);
in the second trimester of pregnancy: 16-20 weeks (ultrasound + blood test) and 23-25 weeks (ultrasound);
in the third trimester of pregnancy: 30-32 weeks (ultrasound + Doppler) and 35-37 weeks (ultrasound + Doppler).

Prenatal diagnostics are becoming increasingly widespread these days, because knowledge about the health of the unborn baby and prognoses are very important for future parents. Knowing about the condition of the fetus, the family, having assessed the situation and their capabilities, can refuse pregnancy.

Stigmas are very small developmental defects that appear as a result of adverse effects harmful factors for the fruit. There are a lot of them, but you need to know about the most common ones. If there are more than 6-7 of them, then this indicates the inferiority of the genetic material, that some health deviations should be expected from the child, and also that parents with such a child should contact a geneticist.

The most common stigmas

In the area of the skull: special shape skulls, including asymmetrical; low forehead, pronounced brow ridges, overhanging occipital bone, flattened occiput.

In the facial area: sloping forehead, Mongoloid and anti-Mongoloid eye shape, hypo- and hypertelorism, saddle nose, flattened dorsum of the nose, facial asymmetry. Unusual shape jaws, underdeveloped chin, cleft chin, wedge-shaped chin.

In the eye area: epicanthus, low eyelids, asymmetry of the palpebral fissures, double growth of eyelashes, different color iris, irregular shape pupils.

In the ear area: large protruding ears, small deformed ears, ears of different sizes and shapes, low position ears, different level location of the ears, anomaly in the development of the shape of the helix and antihelix, attached earlobes, additional tragus.

In the mouth area: large or small mouth (microstomia, macrostomia), “carp mouth”, high and narrow palate, high flattened palate, arched palate, short frenulum of the tongue, forked tongue.

In the neck area: short or long neck, torticollis, pterygoid folds.

In the torso area: the torso is long or short, the chest is depressed or keeled, barrel-shaped, asymmetrical, large distance between the nipples, accessory nipples, agenesis of the xiphoid process, divergence of the rectus abdominis muscles, low standing navel, hernias.

In the area of the hands: short and thick fingers, long and thin (spider) fingers, syndactyly, transverse groove of the palm, short curved V finger, curvature of all fingers.

In the area of the feet: brachydactyly, arachnodactyly, syndactyly, sandal cleft, bident, trident, cavus foot, overlapping of toes.

In the skin area: depigmented and hyperpigmented spots, large birthmarks with hair, excessive local hair growth, hemangiomas, areas of aplasia of the scalp.

Waardenburg syndrome

Telecanthus, wide bridge of the nose, heterochromia of the irises

Syndactyly

Fused fingers

Prognathism

Hypoplasia of the lower jaw

Syndactyly

Fused fingers

Aarskog syndrome

Hypertelorism, broad bridge of the nose, rounded face, high forehead, anti-Mongoloid eye shape

Acrocephaly, anti-Mongoloid eye shape, depressed bridge of the nose, prognathism

Children with abnormalities in the skull and face often suffer from headaches, which are especially intensified during the period of intensive growth of the child.

Detected stigmas in the facial area of a newborn can warn parents and doctors about possible violation neuropsychic development child, pathological manifestations highest nervous activity child in the future.

Such a child should definitely be dealt with from birth, and developmental methods should be used in his upbringing at each age stage.

The pathology in question is not tied to any a certain race or semi. It can occur as an isolated defect or be combined with other developmental defects.

The doctor often detects abnormalities during the first examination, and their elimination requires only surgical intervention.

Causes of congenital deformities and defects of the nose – who is at risk?

Errors in the formation of the external nose arise due to negative influence environment, bad habits, some other factors on the health of the expectant mother, who is 6-12 weeks pregnant.

External defects of the nose are not only aesthetic problem, - they can provoke serious developmental disorders in the future.

There are several factors, the impact of which on a pregnant woman can cause congenital anomalies of the nose in a child:

Infection of the body with diseases from the TORCH group. Because of this, in the Russian Federation in the first trimester of pregnancy, women are tested for rubella, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis virus, herpes, and syphilis.
Radioactive or ionizing radiation.
Poisoning by chemical agents.
Taking certain medications.
Alcoholism.
Tobacco smoking.
Genetic predisposition.
Taking drugs.

Types of congenital anomalies of the nose in medical classification

Today, in medical sources, the disease in question is classified as follows:

1. Dysmorphogenesis

A condition in which the bony and cartilaginous skeleton of the nose is modified.

There are several types:

Hypogenesis . Characterized by underdevelopment, shortness external structures nose: back, base, wings. Deformations can affect all or one structure, and be one- or two-sided. IN in rare cases There may be a complete absence of the above components of the nose. Similar condition in some sources they are called agenesis.
Hypergenesis . Cartilaginous or bone tissue here they have quite large sizes. This group of deformations includes a wide, too long nose, as well as an extensive nasal tip.
Dysgenesis . Developmental defects are concentrated in the frontal plane. Curvature of the nose may be different shape(slanted nose, S-shaped deformation, side proboscis, hump on the nose, etc.).

2. Persistence

Pathological conditions in which the newborn has “unnecessary” components of the external nose.

This group of anomalies is divided into two types:

Defects of the external part of the nose : solitary neoplasms at the base of the nose, which contain fatty glands and hair; lateral/median cleft nose; forked tip of the nose.
Intranasal anomalies : separation - or complete separation - of the turbinates from each other; atresia of the nasal passages.

3. Dystopia

With these defects, the external nose has a variety of neoplasms that can be located in different places.

For example, the nasal septum may be equipped with an appendage, which will negatively affect nasal breathing and on the function of smell.

Another example is the presence of a vesicle on the nasal concha with glandular secretion inside. In the future, purulent infiltrate may accumulate in such blisters, which will lead to inflammation of the nasal mucosa.

Symptoms of congenital anomalies of the nose - diagnosis of nasal defects in newborns

One of the most striking manifestations of the disease in question is the non-standard shape of the nose, as well as deformations of the facial part of the skull.

Typical for all types of anomalies is a violation free breathing through the nose.

This phenomenon is characterized by the following conditions:

Too noisy, rapid breathing.
Blueness of the nasolabial triangle.
Discomfort when swallowing.
Suffocation, respiratory failure may develop in particularly difficult cases.
The passage of food out through the nasal passages during feeding.
The newborn is constantly restless and sleeps poorly.

Dystopia, unlike other congenital nasal defects, manifests itself more clearly. The patient has constant accumulation thick mucus in the nasal passages, as a result of which dermatitis can form near the nose and upper lip.

The presence of cysts and fistulas can cause regular inflammatory processes, which in the future can develop into frontal sinusitis or meningitis.

This anomaly is diagnosed by a pediatrician or neonatologist through the following measures:

Questioning the mother about diseases suffered during pregnancy, determining the moment of genetic predisposition. Important role plays the presence of harmful factors that can affect the development of the fetus.
Examination of a newborn to identify deformities facial skull. In case of serious nasal defects, these modifications will be visible.
Laboratory tests are needed to confirm/exclude TORCH infections in the child’s blood. Using the same technique, inflammatory exacerbations are checked.
Rhinoscopy, using a special mini-mirror, is intended to examine the condition internal structures nose
Probing helps to study the degree of patency of the nasal passages. For this manipulation, a rubber or metal catheter is used.
Fiberendoscopy. It makes it possible to examine in detail the mucous membrane of the nose and nasopharynx, intranasal structures, identify the smallest neoplasms, and also record all this on the monitor using a video camera.
Radiography. Allows you to examine pathological changes in the nose, which, when superficial diagnostics impossible to detect. In some cases, a contrast agent may be additionally used.
. Gives you the opportunity to get full picture regarding existing changes inside the nasal cavity. This technique is used to study the quality of patency of the nasal passages.
MRI. Prescribed in exceptional cases when there are suspicions of disturbances in the functioning of the brain.

Treatment of congenital anomalies of the nose - indications and contraindications for surgery

The pathology in question is treated exclusively by surgery.

At complete absence To ensure patency of the nasal cavity, the infection is pierced, and a catheter is inserted into the formed hole.

During surgical manipulation in infants, the choice is made in favor of transnasal access.

The mucous membrane is excised with a scalpel and peeled off to the site of the intended localization of atresia.
This defect is eliminated using a medical chisel, and a thermoplastic tube is inserted into the formed lumen to provide drainage.

For severe defects of the external nose Rhinoplasty is performed as early as possible. This helps prevent deformation of the facial skull and does not affect development alveolar process upper jaw.

In parallel with this, can be carried out microsurgical manipulations on intranasal structures which help preserve the sense of smell.

For less pronounced deformations plastic surgery may be delayed, but the decision is always made by the doctor.

Fistulas must be examined before excision through fistulography. Cystic neoplasms in the nasal cavity are also eliminated regardless of the child’s age. If the congenital fistula is located close to the anterior cranial fossa, a neurosurgeon should also be present at the operation.