He receives a donor organ transplant. Kidney donors

03/28/2015

Who can become a posthumous donor?

In our country there is a law on the right to remove organs after death, if there is no statement of refusal by the deceased or his relatives. Therefore, if in the documents of a person whose brain no longer works and whose heart is beating, there is no refusal to donate, you can prepare for an organ transplant, which another terminally ill person is waiting for every minute.

The organs of elderly and chronically ill people are not suitable for transplantation. After 60 years, even blood is no longer taken from donors. We're talking about sudden death as a result of an accident of young people. If the brain is already dead, but the heart is still working, the medical team may decide to remove the organ. If there is no other expression of will.

An important condition in this case is the absence in the resuscitation team of the attending physician of the recipient for whom the organ is intended. The reasons are clear. For the deceased young man The gratitude of the saved one will remain, and the good memory of him for many years.

Determination procedure clinical death the patient is complex and leaves no ambiguity. The whole picture of brain death is confirmed. And only chief physician The hospital is responsible for the correctness of all conclusions and authorizes the removal of the organ.

Any deceased person who ends up in the morgue can become a donor. If there is no refusal from relatives, an autopsy is mandatory. In this case, some meninges, bone parts and eye tissue. In cases of violent death, an autopsy is inevitable.

Is it possible to refuse donation after death?

The right to the body does not apply if:

in the documents received at the medical institution, there is a refusal of posthumous donation;
relatives or an accompanying person declares that the deceased did not agree to the donation;
relatives prohibit dissecting the body of the deceased.

The organ transplantation service in our country is not developed. Many legal obstacles can make organ retrieval during clinical death an illegal action. Therefore, patients wait for years for a life-saving operation and often find a donor abroad at great expense.

It is necessary to regret and mourn untimely dead people, but it is also necessary to provide assistance to the living.

There has always been a demand for donor organs in the world. Millions of people need organ transplants of some kind. Many of them never wait their turn and die. And according to the law of the market, if there is demand, then there will always be supply. There are hundreds of thousands of people around the world who want to sell part of their body and at the same time earn good money, by their standards. The most popular donor organ is the human kidney.

From the article you will learn:

how much does a human kidney cost, officially and on the black market
how to sell a kidney
Is the sale of organs legal in Russia and the world?
how much does a kidney transplant cost?

Let's start with the fact that according to statistics, for every 10 thousand people, 5 are born with one kidney. And many of them may not even realize it. This pathology is called renal agenesis. In principle, this is not life-threatening. Enough to lead correct image life and everything will be fine. However, not everyone is so lucky. And if you urgently need a transplant operation, what should you do? Where to contact? And how much will this “pleasure” cost? Where to find a donor? This is what main problem. Despite the fact that in Russia those who want to sell their paired organ a great multitude.

Cost of transplant surgery in Russia and in the world

In Russia, kidney transplant surgery is free. If you do it in government agency. But here, the biggest drawback is huge queue from the same people who want it. And even if you already have your own donor, you still need to wait in the wings. As a result of this, the lion's share of patients die without waiting for surgery.

This long waiting procedure is associated with the state’s position on the “black market” human organs, in order to exclude the possibility of abuse, profit and, as a result, the growth of the shadow market for organ trafficking.

Typically, no more than 1,000 such operations are carried out in the country per year. State expenses for carrying out such operations average from 800 thousand to 1.2 million rubles.

In the United States, the number of such operations annually is 18 thousand. In Germany and Israel, approximately 20-25 thousand operations are performed per year.

For wealthier clients who do not want to wait who knows how long or for those who urgently need surgery, you can contact private clinics. Here, the cost of the operation can vary several times, depending on the parameters:

urgency of the operation, i.e. what condition is the patient in?
type of clinic
who is the donor

Also, the price of transplantation can be greatly influenced by the surgeon supervising the patient and subsequently performing the operation. If this is one of the luminaries of medicine, then the price can be safely multiplied by 30-50%.

As a result, the cost of a kidney transplant in private clinics in Russia can vary from 30 to 100 thousand dollars.

How much does a kidney cost abroad?

The price depends specifically on the country where the operation is planned. So in Germany the procedure will cost 100-130 thousand dollars, in the USA - 150 thousand, and countries such as Pakistan or India will cost only 20-30 thousand.

How much does a human kidney cost?

Almost all over the world, including in Russia, the purchase and sale of kidneys is criminally punishable. So in the USA, such acts are punishable by a substantial fine of 20-50 thousand and imprisonment from 5 to 10 years. But nevertheless, business is booming.

So, in some countries, such as India and Pakistan, the government turns a blind eye and practically does not persecute those who want to sell or buy kidneys. Due to the low standard of living, the population is practically lining up to give up their kidney. This is what dealers and all kinds of intermediary companies take advantage of.

In Pakistan, too, you can easily find clinics providing similar services. So-called “donor farms” have been developed here, where people who have undergone complete medical examination and found suitable for transplantation. They live in special territories, in comfortable conditions. They are provided good nutrition and rehabilitation after surgery. The future client in need of a transplant will pay for all this.

How much will a kidney donor receive?

And although the transplant operation itself is an expensive procedure, the cost of which ranges from several tens to several hundred thousand dollars, the kidney donor himself receives an amount several times, or even tens of times, less than the full cost of the operation.

So in Russia, the cost of a kidney, namely the amount that the patient will receive in person, is 3-5 thousand dollars. The price may vary greatly depending on the region of residence. The highest prices are naturally in Moscow. Here, under successful circumstances, you can even get up to $10,000 for your organ.

The lowest prices in remote provinces. Due to low level life and a small salary, or even unemployment, many are ready to part with their organ for a ridiculous amount of 30-50 thousand rubles.

If you look at third world countries, then greatest number those who want to get money for a piece of their flesh, again in India and Pakistan. The asking price is about $1,000 per kidney.. And despite the fact that supply far exceeds demand.

Should I sell or not?

Let's first consider what the donor will receive from the sale of his kidney:

material reward - 3-5 thousand dollars. For some, this is serious money.
the opportunity to save someone's life. Especially if we're talking about about close relatives - children, sisters, brothers, parents

If you are seriously (or not) thinking about selling your kidney, then you need to know in advance about the consequences:

Mortality risks. According to statistics, for every 10,000 organ transplant operations, the mortality rate is 3 people. But this is in developed countries in high level medical care. In third world countries, the mortality rate is 10-30 times higher. In Russia, the mortality rate during kidney transplantation is 12-18 people for every 10,000 operations.
After nephrectomy, life expectancy is reduced by 10-15 years.
Forced to lead my whole life healthy image life, i.e. no alcohol, cigarettes, only proper nutrition. Otherwise possible serious problems with health.
The ban on lifting weights, violation of this rule can even lead to death.
It will be especially difficult for smokers, because... transplantation involves complete failure from smoking, because the likelihood of blood clots increases tenfold.
After the operation, a scar 20 cm long remains for life. Also, several ribs can be removed during the operation.

Where to buy and sell a kidney

Unfortunately, it is impossible to do this directly, much less officially, due to current legislation. The law prohibits receiving financial compensation for donating a kidney.

To find a buyer, I use the following schemes:

directly contact relatives or the patient himself who needs a transplant. But here is the most big problem- a question of compatibility. And for a kidney to suit a person, it is necessary to spend sufficient quantity time.
searching for those interested through intermediaries. As a rule, they already have a database of people both looking for donors and wanting to become one. And you can quickly choose the most suitable option. But here your final amount will be greatly reduced, due to the fact that the intermediary takes part of the amount received. It all depends on his appetites. Sometimes the final donor receives only 20-30% of the contract amount.

But here you need to understand that all the risks associated with receiving monetary rewards are especially high. Thus, there are often cases when donors, after the operation, were left without any money at all, or with a small amount they received as a deposit. And in the future, it is almost impossible to demand the return of the remuneration due, because all conditions are agreed upon strictly orally without signing any official documents.

Don't want to lose your organs? Become, without harming your health.

In conclusion

Selling a kidney for the purpose of enrichment is a rather dubious activity. The small cost that the donor will receive in his hands, in the amount of 3-5 thousand dollars, practically in no way compensates for all the inconveniences and hardships that will arise (or may arise) for him in a few years. What can we say about the fact that a person is selling a decade of his life for money that he will most likely spend within a couple of months, or at most six months or a year.

If we divide the reward received for a sold kidney by the number of days of life lost as a result of the operation, we get that the donor sells one day of his life for a ridiculous amount of $1-2.

The only thing the right decision Becoming a donor means saving a human life. Well, the reward for this should be considered as a small encouragement.

Currently, in a number of countries, most organs for transplantation are taken from brain-dead donors or from living donors. In the United States, about 20,000 brain-dead donors are used for organ donation and transplantation each year.

Who can be an organ donor

Organ and tissue donors for transplantation can be:

1) living donors - immediate relatives (identical twins, brothers, sisters, parents);

2) living donors who do not have family ties with the recipient (husband’s or wife’s relatives, friends, close acquaintances);

3) dead donors - the corpses of people who suddenly died from cardiac arrest (biological death) and people with brain death, but with a continuing contraction of the heart.

The legislation clearly establishes who can be an organ donor.

Dead donors with a continuously beating heart and perfused organs are defined by neurological criteria for brain death. Biological death is determined by cardiac criteria (complete cessation of heart contractions).

Who can be an organ donor: living and dead donors

Living donor must be an adult, fully conscious, capable of making a decision voluntarily, without outside pressure. The donor must be physically and mentally completely healthy, capable of undergoing surgery to remove the organ without significant risk to health. In a number of countries, kidney transplants or 2-3 liver segments from those who can be organ donors are performed quite often (40-60% from total number transplantations of these organs).

If immunosuppressive therapy continues to improve and the survival rate of transplanted organs increases, only the shortage of cadaveric organs may justify the use of organs from living donors. In our country, taking an organ from a living donor who is not a close relative is prohibited for ethical and legal reasons.

Dead donors: distinguish donors who died from cardiac arrest (biological death), and donors with brain death but with a beating heart.

In donors with biological death, it is necessary to carry out cold preservation of organs as soon as possible after cardiac arrest in order to reduce the time of warm ischemia, which causes dystrophic changes in organs and sharply reduces the possibility of restoring normal function after organ transplantation.

Brain-dead donors are typically patients with severe traumatic brain injury or cerebral hemorrhage in whom brain function is irreversibly lost while other body functions are maintained by intensive care. Brain death, by general agreement among scientists in most countries, is equivalent to the death of an individual.

Requirements for organ donors

The optimal option for a transplant is to have a healthy donor, aged from 3 to 65 years, with an irreversible head injury or incurable cerebrovascular diseases. Given the extreme shortage of donor organs, some countries allow the use of organs from brain-dead individuals over 65 years of age or from biologically dead (non-beating heart) donors. The donor's medical history should be obtained and a thorough physical, laboratory and instrumental examination to identify diseases that are a contraindication to donated organs. These include generalized infection (including hidden forms HIV infection, viral hepatitis B and C), tumors (except for non-metastatic brain tumors). Hypertension and atherosclerosis are not a contraindication to organ harvesting.

Criteria for brain death in organ donors

Brain death established by a commission consisting of an anesthesiologist, surgeon (neurosurgeon), neurologist, psychiatrist and attending physician, according to established neurological criteria, after a double examination in a hospital with an interval of 6 to 12 hours. Loss of brain function is determined:

1) by the absence of a reaction to external painful stimuli, the presence deep coma, muscle atony;

2) by the absence of spontaneous breathing and cough reflex (including when the position of the endotracheal tube changes or the absence of irritation of the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi during sputum suction), spontaneous breathing movements within 3 minutes after turning off the device artificial respiration;

3) by the absence of eye movements, corneal reflexes, reaction of the pupils to light, the presence of wide pupils, isoelectric EEG (lack of brain activity);

4) by a steady decrease in body temperature. Gradually developing hypothermia with a body temperature below 32°C can be considered a reliable criterion brain death;

5) by decrease blood pressure, despite the ongoing resuscitation measures (transfusion of solutions and administration medicines for many hours).

The decision about brain death cannot be made if the patient is in deep hypothermia, severe hypovolemia, with cerebral edema, in a state of intoxication with depressants like barbiturates, because in these conditions a reversible isoelectric electroencephalogram can be observed.

Physicians on the transplant team should not be involved in the diagnosis of brain death. The rules for ascertaining the fact of brain death, neurological criteria and the procedure for taking organs from a donor are legally legitimized in our country. If the deceased during his lifetime did not leave a will regarding consent to the removal of organs, then in the event of sudden brain death, the consent of relatives is required for the removal of organs. The collection of organs for transplantation is carried out by a special team of doctors in the same medical institution where the death occurred.

Types of organ transplant operations

To indicate the features of transplantation, special terminology is used:

- autogenous transplantation- donor and recipient are the same person;

- isogenic transplantation- donor and recipient are identical twins;

- syngeneic transplantation- donor and recipient are first degree relatives;

- allogeneic transplantation - the donor and recipient are of the same species (for example, human-to-human transplant);

- xenogeneic transplantation- the donor and recipient belong to different species (for example, a monkey-to-human transplant).

To indicate the transplantation of an organ onto its usual place term adopted orthotopic transplantation. When an organ is transplanted to any other anatomical site, they speak of heterotopic transplantation.

If a severed organ or severed body part is re-implanted into the host's body, then such an operation is called replantation.

Alloplastic transplantation- replacement of an organ or tissue with synthetic materials.

About one and a half thousand donor organ transplant operations are performed in Russia every year. This is several times less than in the USA, Great Britain, Brazil and many other countries. The development of transplantation treatment is hampered not only by outdated legislative acts, but also poor awareness of citizens in this area.

We will introduce readers to the data that seems most important for understanding the features of transplantation in Russia.

Source: depositphotos.com

Presumption of consent

The legislation of the Russian Federation regarding donation is based on the presumption of consent. This means that any deceased capable citizen is a candidate for donor. At the same time, every Russian has the right to communicate his desire or unwillingness to donate his organs and tissues for the benefit of people after death. This statement may be oral (expressed in the presence of two witnesses) or written. In the latter case, it must be certified by a notary or the head physician of the hospital.

It should be noted that Russians very rarely announce their will regarding posthumous donation. In addition, the country has not yet created a federal register of such statements, so this system can hardly be called effective.

Rights of relatives of a deceased donor

This is one of the most problematic aspects of postmortem donation. According to current legislation, relatives of the deceased, in the absence of his lifetime consent, have the right to oppose the removal of organs for the purpose of transplantation. However, the law does not regulate the actions of a doctor in such a situation. The doctor must inform people about death or near death loved one, but he is not obliged to conduct a conversation about the possibility of posthumous donation. It turns out that the relatives of the deceased (dying) person must raise this issue on their own initiative. Needless to say, in most cases they are not able to do this (due to lack of awareness or due to severe emotional state). In addition, relatives of the deceased may have different views for posthumous donation, and the law does not explain which of them should have the decisive opinion for the doctor. In such a situation, conflicts are inevitable, which cause harm and medical personnel, and the relatives of the deceased.

Rules for diagnosing donor death

This point is spelled out most clearly in the law: organs can be removed only if a person is declared brain dead or biological death, that is, breathing and heartbeat have stopped. The fact is that brain death does not always mean the end of all vital functions body: in intensive care conditions, heartbeat and breathing can be maintained with the help of equipment for several days.

The time to begin the brain death procedure depends on the diagnosis and treatment the patient received (in particular, medicines, which were administered to him). To diagnose brain death, a special council must meet. Its members study medical history and conduct research to determine the presence or absence brain activity (computed tomography brain, checking the possibility of spontaneous breathing, etc.). The decision about brain death cannot be made earlier than after 6 hours of observation of the patient.

However, many transplantologists argue that this part of the legislation is also imperfect. It is enough that for the patients who were taken sedatives(and almost all patients in intensive care units fall into this category), the procedure for diagnosing brain death should be delayed for at least 20 hours. According to doctors, during this time, decay processes begin in the body, and by the time a decision is made about the possibility of removal, the organs have already become unsuitable for transplantation.

Living donation

Russian legislation provides for the possibility of lifetime related donation. It is not prohibited to transplant an organ or tissue to a child, brother or a sister, one of the parents (but not the husband or wife).

Possibility of purchasing organs

Paid organ donation is completely prohibited in Russia. All proposals of this kind are criminal.

Donation for HIV

Faces, infected with virus human immunodeficiency are not eligible to become donors. This prohibition applies to patients viral hepatitis B and C, as well as for patients with malignant neoplasms.

Unidentified donors

It is prohibited to remove organs from people who cannot be identified after death. The reasons for the ban are not related to medical or moral and ethical considerations. Lawyers refer to the legal norm according to which only Russians can become donors, and it is not possible to determine the citizenship of a person who died unidentified.

Child donation

Until recently, little Russians who needed organ transplants could only count on help from foreign clinics. The removal of organs from deceased children was not prohibited, but was practically not carried out, since the procedure for diagnosing brain death in such patients was not legally regulated. In 2015, this omission was corrected, and doctors were able to remove organs from patients who died between the ages of 1 and 18 years. Of course, these procedures can only be carried out with the informed and written consent of the parents of the deceased.

The attitude of the majority of Russians towards posthumous donation can be characterized as negative. According to the results of sociological surveys, about 20% of our fellow citizens do not want to bequeath their organs for transplantation for religious reasons, although none of the official religions condemns donation. Particularly alarming is the fact that almost 40% of respondents are hesitant to give consent to posthumous organ removal for fear that their expression of will will cause dishonest provision. medical services or even provoke criminal actions by doctors.

It is obvious that the reason for such an attitude towards extremely important issue is the imperfection of legislation. Since 2015, there has been a bill “On the donation of human organs and their transplantation”, prepared by the Ministry of Health, but has not yet been considered by the State Duma of the Russian Federation. This document partly fills gaps in legislation. For example, it contains provisions on the organization of a federal register of expressions of will of potential donors, the absence of which prevents the use of even those disabilities, which are now available to domestic transplantologists. It is also expected that a nationwide register of recipients will be created (today doctors only have regional waiting lists). However, according to experts, this bill also contains norms that will not so much ease as complicate the situation of patients in need of transplantation. In particular, the list of organs permitted for removal again does not include a kidney, but its transplantation is indicated a huge number sick.

The number of people in need of organ transplantation will always exceed the number of potential donors. In our country, this problem is especially acute, and its solution, unfortunately, is a matter of the very distant future.

Video from YouTube on the topic of the article:

Nephrologists count kidneys unique organ person. They work without stopping for a minute.

Their work is difficult and replaces the entire system. Our existence is impossible without them, because they cleanse our blood of harmful substances.

If their work fails, toxins are no longer excreted from the body, and it becomes poisoned. The output is regular. IN difficult cases a transplant is required.

General information

They are located in the retroperitoneal space and have the shape of a bean. The weight of one is 120−200 g.

They have many functions. The main one is excretory - removing water and water-soluble substances from the body. There are others: hematopoietic, protective, endocrine.

They are patient and do not complain about their health; they often get sick in silence. But based on some signs, you can suspect problems with them:

swelling of the eyelids, hands, ankles due to stagnation of fluid;
pain in lumbar region, which is caused by a stretched capsule around them;
- sign;
high blood pressure for no reason - the kidneys or the vessels that supply them with blood are diseased;
or reddish - there is blood, they suspect.
urination is difficult (burning, pain, rare/).

The list of kidney diseases is extensive: renal failure, etc.

With these diseases, without treatment, a person can die. Patients undergo hemodialysis to cleanse the blood. But it doesn't always help. Then transplantation is indicated. This is a paired organ, so the functions of one can be performed by the other.

Thanks to this feature, people were allowed to become donors of this organ. Thousands of Russians need. They have been waiting for a transplant for years. But only 500 people undergo surgery every year - the rest die.

Potential donors

The Law of the Russian Federation “On Transplantation of Human Organs and (or) Tissues” defines the circle of those who can become a donor. This:

living relatives;
people who are not related to the patient;
dead - the corpses of people whose brains are dead and their hearts are contracting.

Relatives

You can be on the “waiting list” for a transplant for decades. To save the patient, his family decides to give him their kidney.

First, immediate relatives (brother, sister, father, mother) are considered for this role. An identical twin would be ideal. The risk of rejection of a foreign organ will be minimal.

Then - indirect relatives (husband's or wife's relatives, friends, relatives, acquaintances).

The main thing is that the relatives’ organs are healthy, and only doctors can determine this.

Other candidates

But more often than not, the person willing to part with a kidney (for money, of course) is a stranger who fits all the criteria.

It can also be taken from the dead if death is recorded (biological or brain). The law determines when a dead person can donate an organ.

There are 2 types of non-living donors:

At biological death, when there is a written lifetime consent of the deceased to become a donor.
After brain death recorded by doctors. The cause of death is often non-life threatening injuries after accidents.

How to get a consultation

You must undergo a thorough medical examination to check your health and determine whether it matches the recipient’s tissues.

It is prohibited to remove the organ until the final results of the analyzes and tests have been completed. Determined possible risks during the operation.

It is often discovered that someone who has decided to donate an organ cannot donate their kidney due to problems discovered in the body.

Conditions for transplantation and how to donate a kidney?

By the way, only kidneys are harvested from a living person. The heart, liver, and lungs are taken only from corpses.

Basic conditions for transplantation, age - from 18 to 50 years. Diseases - upon detection infectious diseases, HIV, hepatitis, tumors, ischemia, doctors will not allow you to become a donor. In case of hypertension and atherosclerosis, organ harvesting is possible.

A person who wants to donate his organ goes through a number of stages:

He will be carefully examined for any contraindications to donation. Doctors are responsible for the result of the operation, so you need to know whether it is healthy for her. If doctors have no complaints, they proceed to the next stage.
If the recipient is already known, it is checked whether the organ is suitable for him. Blood groups are determined. For transplant participants they must match. Check whether biological tissues are compatible.
The donor is hospitalized at the clinic. He is examined by specialists and carried out secondary tests: ultrasound ECHO cardiography of the heart, X-ray of the lungs, blood tests.
The transplant is being prepared: possible risks are studied, documents are drawn up and consent to the operation is obtained.
A transplant is being carried out.

Cost and how the transaction works

Living donation in Russia is allowed only free of charge and only in relation to relatives. Nothing will change in this matter in the coming years.

This law applies in all developing countries. The sale of organs is prohibited by states of all countries and is allowed only in Iran.

How much does a kidney transplant cost in Russia? The final cost is determined by the price of the organ and the operation.

This operation is complex and therefore expensive. On average it costs $20,000. The price ranges from $10,000 to $100,000.

The cost is determined by the prestige of the clinic and the fame of the surgeon. The luminary operates in an elite clinic - which means it will cost $30-100 thousand. The price is also affected by the urgency of the operation.

In the regions they can also do a free transplant. But not everything is so smooth here. The state allocates 1.2 million rubles every year. on them. How many patients will this money be enough for? There are many patients, a huge queue forms, and it moves very slowly.

In the Russian Federation, organs are transplanted in clinics. Their list is on the Internet. The most famous are the oncological and hematological centers at the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow Medical Academy named after. Sechenov, University named after. Pavlova in St. Petersburg.

Black market price

But the need for donor organs is great, and there is a catastrophic shortage of them. Appears. There are many advertisements on the Internet about people’s desire to sell a part of themselves.

But a natural question arises: what would the price of a kidney organ be if the sale of the organ were officially allowed? Today a kidney would cost from 1.5 million rubles. up to 15 million

This figure was obtained by converting its value on the black market abroad into rubles.

There is a lot of money, and there are people who are ready to say goodbye to their kidney organ. There are many people trying to get rich this way.

The donor sets the price. In large cities, a kidney is sold for high price, and the highest ones are in Moscow, where they will ask for it from $10,000.

In small towns with low wages and low prices organs are cheaper. And the cheapest ones are in remote villages. There you can buy it for only 30 thousand rubles.

Procedure for nephrectomy

A week passes from hospitalization to surgery. After 7 days, a nephrectomy (kidney harvest) is performed. Here's how the operation works.

First, the anesthesiologist gives the donor general anesthesia. Afterwards the catheter is connected (cleans bladder) and drainage (provides hydrobalance). Next they carry out: make 2-4 small incisions of 1 cm each on the side of the abdomen. Access to the kidney is open.

The surgeon carefully separates the kidney, adrenal gland and ureter from the tissue and removes the organ. This is the most critical stage of the operation. The main thing in it is not to damage anything and prevent large blood loss. Blood vessels, the ureters are excised and then clamped. The wounds are sutured and a sterile bandage is applied.

Quite rarely in this case it is carried out abdominal surgery. Surgical intervention lasts 2-3 hours and is recorded on camera. After the operation, the donor spends the first 24 hours in intensive care, where he regains consciousness under the supervision of doctors.

Most often, surgeons take left kidney– the vessels are closer there and the vein is longer.

Possible risks of nephrectomy and recovery period after surgery

She's not dangerous. Probability of dying on operating table small, 1:3,000, although it is impossible to foresee everything.

If he feels satisfactory the next day, he is transferred to the ward. There will be no pain, analgesics will cope with it. If necessary, a short course of antibiotics will be prescribed. He is in the hospital depending on his condition.

Possible complications are rare, but infections, bleeding and blood clots, and damage to nearby organs still occur.

The final recovery lasts up to a year, during which time you need to take good care of yourself and follow all the doctor’s recommendations.

Consequences and conclusion

A healthy person recovers within a month and a half and returns to work. Active life he can lead in a year. Women are not subsequently prohibited from giving birth.

Donor life is like life ordinary people: familiar image life, everyday affairs. Life expectancy, according to most transplantologists, is not reduced. The risk of disease in the remaining kidney is small and occurs in 0.5% of donors.

But each organism is individual, and it is not worth excluding complications in the future, even small ones, even with normal rehabilitation. And you need to know about the problems that may arise:

The human body does not have extra organs, but some parts can be shared if necessary. Removing a kidney is a risk for the donor, but salvation for the patient.

Before deciding to take this serious step, you need to think carefully, choose a reliable clinic and listen to the doctor unconditionally. Donation is a “quiet feat” for another person.