Nursing care for patients with whooping cough. Whooping cough is an acute infectious disease

What is this disease?

Whooping cough is an extremely contagious respiratory tract infection. The disease is characterized by sudden attacks of spasmodic coughing, which usually end with a wheezing inhalation. The peak incidence occurs in early spring and late winter. Half of the cases are unvaccinated children under two years of age.

As a result of mass immunization and timely recognition of the disease, the number of deaths from whooping cough has sharply decreased. Children under one year old die from pneumonia and other complications; Whooping cough is also dangerous for very elderly people, but in children older than one year and in adults it is usually less severe.

What are the causes of the disease?

The causative agent of whooping cough is coccobacteria. The infection is usually transmitted by airborne droplets from a patient in the acute phase of the disease; much less often through bedding and other objects contaminated with secretions from the nasopharynx.

What are the symptoms of the disease?

7-10 days after infection, coccobacilli enter the respiratory tract, where they cause the formation of viscous mucus. Classic whooping cough lasts 6 weeks; during its course there are 3 periods; Each duration is 2 weeks.

The catarrhal period is characterized by an irritating cough, night cough, loss of appetite, sneezing, restlessness and sometimes a slight increase in temperature. During this period, whooping cough is especially contagious.

The spasmodic period begins 7-14 days from the onset of the disease. It is characterized by paroxysmal convulsive cough with the release of viscous mucus. Each coughing attack usually ends with a noisy, convulsive inhalation, and choking on mucus can lead to vomiting. (Very young children may not have this typical gasping breath.)

In the intervals between breaths during a convulsive cough, complications such as increased pressure in the veins, nosebleeds, swelling around the eyes, hemorrhages under the conjunctiva, retinal detachment (and blindness), rectal prolapse, hernia, seizures and pneumonia are possible. In children, convulsive cough can cause periodic respiratory arrest, oxygen deficiency and metabolic disorders.

During this period, patients are very vulnerable to secondary bacterial or viral infections, which can be fatal. When a temperature appears, a secondary infection can be assumed.

Recovery period. At this time, coughing attacks and vomiting gradually subside. However, within a few months, even after a mild respiratory tract infection, the convulsive cough may begin again.

How is whooping cough diagnosed?

Classic symptoms - especially during the convulsive period of the disease - allow one to suspect whooping cough and order laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis. Isolation of the bacilli carrier using a throat swab is possible only in the early stages of the disease. Typically, at the beginning of the convulsive period, leukocytosis increases, especially in children older than 6 months.

How is the disease treated?

Patients with severe attacks of convulsive cough should be hospitalized; They will receive fluids and electrolytes in the hospital. Treatment consists of proper nutrition, codeine and mild sedatives are prescribed to reduce cough; if the patient experiences periodic respiratory arrests, oxygen therapy is necessary; Antibiotics are used to prevent the development of secondary infections.

A patient with a spasmodic cough must be isolated. When caring for someone who has whooping cough, you should wear a mask. Care should be taken to create a calm environment so as not to provoke coughing attacks. It is better to feed patients in small portions, but more often.

Whooping cough vaccinations

Since infants are especially susceptible to whooping cough, immunization (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine) is usually given at 2, 4 and 6 months. At 18 months and at 4-6 years, additional vaccinations are given.

The vaccine may harm the nervous system and cause other complications, but the risk of getting whooping cough is higher than the risk of developing complications.

Whooping cough - an acute infectious disease, the main manifestation of which is a paroxysmal cough.

Etiology

The causative agent is the Bordet-Giangu bacterium. The source of infection is a sick person within 25–30 days from the onset of the disease. The route of transmission is airborne. The incubation period is 3–15 days.

Clinical manifestations

During the course of the disease, there are 3 periods: catarrhal, spasmodic and the period of resolution.

Catarrhal period. Duration - 10–14 days. There is a short-term increase in body temperature to subfebrile, a slight runny nose, and an increasing cough.

Spasmodic period. Duration - 2–3 weeks. The main symptom is a typical paroxysmal cough. A coughing attack begins unexpectedly and consists of repeated cough impulses (reprises), which are interrupted by a prolonged wheezing inhalation associated with a narrowing of the glottis. In infants, after a series of coughing impulses, breathing may stop (apnea). During a coughing attack, the skin on the child’s face becomes cyanotic with a purple tint, and swelling of the neck veins is observed. When coughing, the child sticks out his tongue and drools. At the end of the attack, a small amount of viscous sputum may be released. The frequency of attacks is from 10 to 60 times a day, depending on the severity of the disease.

Resolution period. Duration - 1–3 weeks. Attacks occur less frequently, are shorter in duration, and the cough loses its specificity. All symptoms of the disease gradually disappear. The total duration of the disease is 5–12 weeks.

Complications

Emphysema, atelectasis, pneumonia, bronchitis, encephalopathy.

Diagnostics

1. Accounting for epidemiological data.

3. Bacteriological examination of mucus taken from the back wall of the pharynx.

4. Immunoluminescent express diagnostics.

5. Serological study.

Treatment

1. Treatment regimen.

2. Balanced nutrition.

3. Drug therapy: antibiotics, antispasmodics, expectorants, including proteolytic enzymes.

Prevention

1. Active immunization - DTP vaccination (pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine). The course begins at the age of 3 months. The course consists of 3 injections with an interval of 30–40 days. Revaccination - after 1.5–2 years.

2. Isolation of patients for 25–30 days from the onset of the disease.

3. Contact children under 7 years of age are subject to quarantine for 14 days.

Nursing care

1. Patient care is carried out in accordance with the general principles of care for childhood infections.

Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….3
1. Etiology and pathogenesis…………………………………………………….4
2. Symptoms and course………………………………………………………...6
3. Nursing process for whooping cough……………………………………...8
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………11
Literature……………………………………………………………………………….12

Introduction
Whooping cough is an acute infectious disease characterized by gradually increasing attacks of spasmodic cough. The pathogen is a rod with rounded ends. In the external environment, the microbe is not stable and quickly dies under the influence of disinfecting factors such as sunlight, and at a temperature of 56 degrees it dies in 10 - 15 minutes.
The source of the disease is a sick person. The infection is transmitted by airborne droplets during coughing, talking, and sneezing. The patient ceases to be infectious after 6 weeks. Children aged 5-8 years are most often affected.
With whooping cough, the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract is affected, where catarrhal inflammation is noted, causing specific irritation of the nerve endings. Frequent coughing attacks disrupt cerebral and pulmonary circulation, which leads to insufficient oxygen saturation of the blood and a shift in the oxygen-base balance towards acidosis. Increased excitability of the respiratory center persists for a long time after recovery.
The incubation period lasts from 2-15 days, usually 5-9 days. During whooping cough, the following periods are distinguished: catarrhal (3-14 days), spasmodic or convulsive (2-3 weeks), and the recovery period.

1. Etiology and pathogenesis
The causative agent of whooping cough is a short rod with rounded ends (0.2-1.2 microns), gram-negative, immobile, easily stained with aniline dyes. Antigenically heterogeneous. The antigen that causes the formation of agglutinins (agglutinogen) consists of several components. They are called factors and are designated by numbers from 1 to 14. Factor 7 is generic, factor 1 contains B. pertussis, 14 - B. parapertussis, the rest are found in different combinations; for the causative agent of whooping cough these are factors 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, for parawhooping cough - 8, 9, 10. The agglutination reaction with adsorbed factor sera makes it possible to differentiate Bordetella types and determine their antigenic variants. The causative agents of whooping cough and parapertussis are very unstable in the external environment, so seeding should be done immediately after taking the material. Bacteria quickly die when dried, ultraviolet irradiation, or under the influence of disinfectants. Sensitive to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline antibiotics, streptomycin.
The gateway to infection is the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. Pertussis microbes attach to ciliated epithelial cells, where they multiply on the surface of the mucous membrane without penetrating into the bloodstream. At the site of pathogen penetration, an inflammatory process develops, the activity of the ciliary apparatus of epithelial cells is inhibited and mucus secretion increases. Subsequently, ulceration of the respiratory tract epithelium and focal necrosis occurs. The pathological process is most pronounced in the bronchi and bronchioles, less pronounced changes develop in the trachea, larynx and nasopharynx. Mucopurulent plugs clog the lumen of the small bronchi, focal atelectasis and emphysema develop. Peribronchial infiltration is observed. In the genesis of convulsive attacks, sensitization of the body to the toxins of the pertussis bacillus is important. Constant irritation of the receptors of the respiratory tract causes coughing and leads to the formation of a focus of excitation of the dominant type in the respiratory center. As a result, typical attacks of spasmodic cough can also be caused by nonspecific irritants. From the dominant focus, excitation can radiate to other parts of the nervous system, for example, to the vasomotor (increased blood pressure, vasospasm). Irradiation of excitation also explains the appearance of convulsive contractions of the muscles of the face and torso, vomiting and other symptoms of whooping cough. Previous whooping cough (as well as anti-pertussis vaccinations) does not provide strong lifelong immunity, so repeated whooping cough infections are possible (about 5% of whooping cough cases occur in adults.
The source of infection is only humans (patients with typical and atypical forms of whooping cough, as well as healthy bacteria carriers). Patients in the initial stage of the disease (catarrhal period) are especially dangerous. Transmission of infection occurs by airborne droplets. Upon contact with sick people, susceptible people develop the disease with a frequency of up to 90%. Children of preschool age get sick more often. More than 50% of cases of whooping cough in young children are associated with insufficiency of maternal immunity and possibly the absence of transplacental transfer of protective specific antibodies. In countries where the number of vaccinated children decreases to 30% or lower, the level and dynamics of whooping cough incidence becomes the same as it was in the pre-vaccination period. Seasonality is not very pronounced; there is a slight increase in incidence in autumn and winter.

2. Symptoms and course
The disease lasts approximately 6 weeks and is divided into 3 stages: prodromal (catarrhal), paroxysmal and convalescent stage.
The incubation period lasts from 2 to 14 days (usually 5-7 days). The catarrhal period is characterized by general malaise, slight cough, runny nose, and low-grade fever. Gradually the cough intensifies, children become irritable and capricious.
At the end of the 2nd week of illness, a period of spasmodic cough begins. There is a runny nose, sneezing, occasionally a moderate increase in temperature (38-38.5) and a cough that does not decrease with antitussives. Gradually, the cough intensifies and becomes paroxysmal, especially at night. Attacks of convulsive cough are manifested by a series of coughing impulses, followed by a deep whistling breath (reprise), followed by a series of short convulsive impulses. The number of such cycles during an attack ranges from 2 to 15. The attack ends with the release of viscous glassy sputum, and sometimes vomiting is observed at the end of the attack. During an attack, the child is excited, the face is cyanotic, the veins of the neck are dilated, the tongue protrudes from the mouth, the frenulum of the tongue is often injured, and respiratory arrest followed by asphyxia may occur. In young children, repetitions are not pronounced. Depending on the severity of the disease, the number of attacks can vary from 5 to 50 per day. The number of attacks increases throughout the course of the disease. After the attack the child is tired. In severe cases, the general deterioration of the condition worsens.
Infants do not have typical attacks of whooping cough. Instead, after a few coughs, they may experience a short-term cessation of breathing, which can be life-threatening.
Mild and erased forms of the disease occur in previously vaccinated children and adults who become ill again.
Starting from the third week, a paroxysmal period begins, during which a typical spasmodic cough is observed: a series of 5-15 rapid coughing impulses, accompanied by a short wheezing inhalation. After several normal breaths, a new paroxysm may begin. During paroxysms, copious amounts of viscous, mucous, glassy sputum are released (usually infants and small children swallow it, but sometimes it is released in the form of large bubbles through the nostrils). Vomiting occurs at the end of an attack or during gagging caused by the discharge of thick sputum. During a coughing attack, the patient's face turns red or even blue; the tongue protrudes to the point of failure; its frenulum may be injured by the edge of the lower incisors; Sometimes hemorrhages occur under the mucous membrane of the conjunctiva of the eye.
The recovery stage begins in the fourth week; The period of convulsive cough lasts 3-4 weeks, then the attacks become less frequent and finally disappear, although the “normal” cough continues for another 2-3 weeks (period of resolution). In adults, the disease occurs without attacks of convulsive coughing and manifests itself as prolonged bronchitis with a persistent cough. The body temperature remains normal, paroxysms become less frequent and severe, less often end in vomiting, the patient feels better and looks better. The average duration of the disease is about 7 weeks (from 3 weeks to 3 months). Paroxysmal cough may reappear within several months; as a rule, it is provoked by ARVI.

3. Nursing process for whooping cough
At all times, when treating patients with whooping cough, doctors paid great attention to general hygiene rules - regimen, care and nutrition.
In the treatment of whooping cough, antihistamines (diphenhydramine, suprastin, tavegil), vitamins, inhalation aerosols of proteolytic enzymes (chymopsin, chymotrypsin), which facilitate the discharge of viscous sputum, and mucaltin are used.
Mostly children in the first half of the year with severe illness are subject to hospitalization due to the risk of developing apnea and serious complications. Hospitalization of older children is carried out in accordance with the severity of the disease and for epidemiological reasons. In the presence of complications, indications for hospitalization are determined by their severity, regardless of age. It is necessary to protect patients from infection.
It is recommended that seriously ill infants be placed in a darkened, quiet room and disturbed as little as possible, since exposure to external stimuli can cause severe paroxysm with anoxia. For older children with mild forms of the disease, bed rest is not required.
Severe manifestations of pertussis infection (profound respiratory rhythm disturbances and encephalic syndrome) require resuscitation measures as they can be life-threatening.
Erased forms of whooping cough do not require treatment. It is enough to eliminate external irritants to ensure peace and longer sleep for those with whooping cough. In mild forms, you can limit yourself to long stays in the fresh air and a small number of symptomatic measures at home. Walks should be daily and long. The room in which the patient is located must be systematically ventilated and its temperature should not exceed 20 degrees. During a coughing attack, you need to take the child in your arms, slightly lowering his head.
If mucus accumulates in the oral cavity, you need to empty the child's mouth using a finger wrapped in clean gauze...
Diet. Careful attention should be paid to nutrition, as pre-existing or developing nutritional deficiencies can significantly increase the likelihood of an adverse outcome. It is recommended to give food in fractional portions.
It is recommended to feed the patient little and often. Food should be complete and sufficiently high in calories and fortified. If the child vomits frequently, additional feeding should be done 20-30 minutes after vomiting.
The prescription of antibiotics is indicated in young children, with severe and complicated forms of whooping cough, in the presence of concomitant diseases in therapeutic doses for 7-10 days. Ampicillin, gentamicin, and erythromycin have the best effect. Antibacterial therapy is effective only in the early stages of uncomplicated whooping cough, in catarrhal whooping cough and no later than the 2-3rd day of the convulsive period of the disease.
The prescription of antibiotics during the spasmodic period of whooping cough is indicated when whooping cough is combined with acute respiratory viral diseases, with bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and in the presence of chronic pneumonia. One of the main tasks is the fight against respiratory failure.
The most important treatment for severe whooping cough in children of the first year of life. Oxygen therapy is necessary using systematic oxygen supply, cleaning the airways from mucus and saliva. If breathing stops - suction of mucus from the respiratory tract, artificial ventilation of the lungs. For signs of brain disorders (tremors, short-term convulsions, increasing anxiety), seduxen is prescribed and, for dehydration purposes, lasix or magnesium sulfate. From 10 to 40 ml of a 20% glucose solution with 1-4 ml of a 10% calcium gluconate solution is administered intravenously, to reduce pressure in the pulmonary circulation and to improve bronchial patency - aminophylline, for children with neurotic disorders - bromine preparations, luminal, valerian. With frequent severe vomiting, parenteral fluid administration is necessary.
It is recommended that the patient stay in the fresh air (children practically do not cough outside).
Antitussives and sedatives. The effectiveness of expectorants, cough suppressants and mild sedatives is questionable; they should be used with caution or not at all. Exposures that provoke cough should be avoided (mustard plasters, cups)
For the treatment of patients with severe forms of the disease - glucocorticosteroids and/or theophylline, salbutamol. During attacks of apnea - chest massage, artificial respiration, oxygen.
Prevention upon contact with a sick person
In unvaccinated children, normal human immunoglobulin is used. The drug is administered twice with an interval of 24 hours as early as possible after contact.
Chemoprophylaxis with erythromycin can also be carried out at an age-specific dosage for 2 weeks.

Conclusion
Whooping cough is widespread throughout the world. Every year, about 60 million people get sick, of whom about 600,000 die. Whooping cough also occurs in countries where pertussis vaccinations have been widely administered for many years. It is likely that whooping cough is more common among adults, but is not detected, since it occurs without characteristic convulsive attacks. When examining people with persistent, prolonged cough, pertussis infection is serologically detected in 20-26%. The mortality rate from whooping cough and its complications reaches 0.04%.
The most common complication of whooping cough, especially in children under 1 year of age, is pneumonia. Atelectasis and acute pulmonary edema often develop. Most often, patients are treated at home. Patients with severe whooping cough and children under 2 years of age are hospitalized.
With the use of modern treatment methods, mortality from whooping cough has decreased and occurs mainly among children 1 year of age. Death can occur from asphyxia when the glottis is completely closed due to spasm of the laryngeal muscles during a coughing attack, as well as from respiratory arrest and convulsions.
Prevention consists of vaccinating children with pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine. The effectiveness of the pertussis vaccine is 70–90%.
The vaccine protects particularly well against severe forms of whooping cough. Studies have shown that the vaccine is 64% effective against mild forms of whooping cough, 81% against paroxysmal and 95% effective against severe.

Literature

1. Veltishchev Yu.E. and Kobrinskaya B.A.. Emergency care in pediatrics. Medicine, 2006 – 138 p.
2. Pokrovsky V.I. Cherkassky B.L., Petrov V.L.. Anti-epidemic
practice. – M.:-Perm, 2001- 211 p.
3. Sergeeva K.M., Moskvicheva O.K., Pediatrics: a manual for doctors and students K.M. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2004 – 218 p.
4. Tulchinskaya V.D., Sokolova N.G., Shekhovtseva N.M. Nursing in pediatrics. Rostov n/a: Phoenix, 2004 –143 p.

Scarlet fever
Pathogen –
hemolytic
streptococcus
group A
Stable during
external environment
Highlights
exotoxin,
defiant
allergic
mood
body
Scarlet fever - acute infectious
a disease characterized
symptoms of intoxication, sore throat and
skin rashes

Scarlet fever

Epidemiology:
Source of infection – patient or bacteria carrier
The transmission mechanism is airborne and
contact and household (toys, through “third parties”),
food
Entry gate – tonsils (97%), damaged skin
(1.5%) - extrabucal form (more often with burns)
Children aged 2-7 years are most often affected
Typical autumn-winter seasonality
Contagiousness index – 40%
Immunity is stable, but repeated cases are possible
Incubation period 2-7 days

Sudden onset
Expressed
intoxication
(temperature 3840°C, vomiting, headache
pain, general
weakness
Sore throat, sore throat,
"flaming throat" from 1
day of illness
"Raspberry Tongue"
Skin rash

Clinical signs of scarlet fever

Sore throat (follicular,
lacunar)
Purulent plaque in lacunae
tonsils
“Burning throat” - bright
limited hyperemia
tonsils, uvula, arches.
There is no plaque on the tonsils

Clinical signs of scarlet fever

Specific changes
tongue - white coating on the tongue
Cleans from edges and tip
and in 2-3 days it becomes
"raspberry"
"Raspberry Tongue" - bright
pink with
hypertrophied
papillae

Clinical signs of scarlet fever

Pinpoint rash on
hyperemic background
skin (from the end of 1 day of illness)

More saturated
on the side
surfaces
torso, below
belly, on
flexion
surfaces, in
places
natural
folds

White dermographism is characteristic in the first week of the disease

Features of the rash with scarlet fever
White dermographism is characteristic
first week of illness

Features of the rash with scarlet fever

Not available on
face in the area
nasolabial
triangle
(pale
nasolabial
triangle
Filatova)

Features of the rash with scarlet fever

The rash disappears
in 3-7 days
Appears
pityriasis
peeling on
torso
Lamellar
peeling
palms and soles

A pinpoint rash on the palms and lamellar peeling of the skin of the palms is a specific symptom of scarlet fever

Real problems with scarlet fever: 1. Hyperthermia, headache, vomiting - due to intoxication; 2. Sore throat - due to sore throat; 3.Skin defect – me

The real problems with
scarlet fever:
1.Hyperthermia, headache,
vomiting - due to intoxication;
2. Sore throat - due to sore throat;
3.Skin defect –
pinpoint rash;
4.Discomfort due to dryness,
peeling of the skin.
Potential problems
for scarlet fever:
Risk of complications

Complications of scarlet fever

Early (at 1 week) for
bacterial count
factor a
Otitis
Sinusitis
Purulent lymphadenitis
Late (2-3 weeks) for
allergic account
factor a
Myocarditis
Nephritis
Rheumatism

Care and treatment of scarlet fever

Bed rest until normalization
temperature, then until 10 days
semi-bed
Diet (follow for 3 weeks):
mechanically, thermally gentle, rich
potassium, with salt restriction, with exception
obligate allergens

Wet cleaning, ventilation 2 times per
day
Organize a chlorine regime

Care and treatment of scarlet fever

Maintain oral hygiene: rinse
soda solution, chamomile infusion,
calendula
Antibiotics for 7 days (penicillin series
or sumamed, suprax, cephalexin)
Antihistamines (suprastin, etc.)
Antipyretics (paracetomol)
Irrigate the throat with dioxidin, hexoral
Monitoring diuresis, pulse, blood pressure
Provide information and directions to parents
on OBC, OAM (10 and 20 days of illness), ECG
Bacteriological examination - take a smear
from tonsils to streptococcus

Working in a scarlet fever outbreak

Activities with the patient
1. Hospitalization is not necessary
2. Submit the IES (notify the Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveys about
disease)
3. Isolate the patient for 10 days
(children under 8 years + 12 days
"home quarantine")
4. Current disinfection is carried out
systematically (dishes, toys,
personal hygiene items),
organize mask, chlorine
patient care regimen,
quartz
5. Final disinfection in
not carried out in foci
(Sanitary and epidemiological
rules SP 3.1.2.1203-03
"Prevention
streptococcal infection")
With contact
1. Identify all contacts
2. Quarantine for 7 days
(only in DDU) from the moment
isolation of the last patient
3. Establish surveillance
(thermometry, examination of the pharynx,
skin). Children who have had acute respiratory infections
are inspected until the 15th day from
onset of illness for the presence
cutaneous lamellar
peeling palms
4. Family contacts who have not been ill
scarlet fever are not allowed in
Preschool and 1st-2nd grade school for 7
days (during hospitalization
patient) or 17 days (if
the patient is being treated at home)

Whooping cough
Pathogen –
BordeJangu stick
Unstable during
external environment
Highlights
exotoxin,
defiant
irritation
receptors
respiratory
ways
Whooping cough is an acute infectious disease
a disease with a cyclical course,
characterized by long-term
persistent paroxysmal cough.

Whooping cough

Epidemiology:
Whooping cough
Source of infection - patient up to 25-30 days from onset
illnesses
The transmission mechanism is airborne. Contact
must be tight and long
Entry gate – upper respiratory tract
Children from 1 month to 6 years get sick more often; they also get sick
newborns
Typical autumn-winter seasonality (peak December)
Contagiousness index – up to 70%
Immunity is persistent, lifelong
Mortality – 0.1-0.9%
Incubation period 3 - 15 days

Clinical signs of whooping cough

Catarrhal period - 1-2
weeks:
Dry cough at night
before bedtime
Temperature
normal or
low-grade fever
Behavior,
well-being, appetite
not violated
Cough does not respond
therapy and intensifies

Clinical signs of whooping cough

Convulsive period - 2-8
weeks or more:
The cough becomes
paroxysmal
Reprises are noted -
whistling convulsive
breaths
The attack ends
viscous discharge
phlegm, mucus or
vomiting
In children under one year of age - often
apnea

View of a patient with whooping cough during a coughing attack

Clinical signs of whooping cough

Characteristic external
appearance during an attack
– the face turns red,
then the veins turn blue
swell out of the eyes
tears are flowing
Tongue sticking out of mouth
to the limit
Ulcer
on the bridle
language

The real problems with whooping cough are:

Breathing disorders –
paroxysmal cough due to
irritation of the cough center
Vomiting – due to severe cough
Ineffective drainage
sputum
Stopping breathing due to apnea
Potential problems
for whooping cough:
Risk of complications

Complications of whooping cough

Group 1 – associated with
by the action of a toxin or
the whooping cough stick itself
Emphysema
Atelectasis
Encephalopathy
The appearance of the umbilical and
inguinal hernia
Hemorrhages in
conjunctiva, into the brain
Rectal prolapse
Group 2 – joining
secondary infection
Bronchitis
Pneumonia

Treatment and care for whooping cough

General mode, walks in the fresh air, headboard
sublime
Nutrition according to age, exclude foods (seeds,
nuts), because when coughing, aspiration is possible
Supplement after vomiting
Organize leisure and security regime, not
leaving the child alone (possibly apnea)
During an attack, sit or pick up, after
remove sticky mucus from the mouth with a tissue
Mask mode when in contact with a patient
Wet cleaning, airing 2 times a day,
humidify the air, temperature up to +22
Antibiotics (rulid, ampiox, etc.), expectorants
drugs and antitussives (libexin, tusuprex)
Give humidified oxygen

Working in a whooping cough outbreak

Activities with the patient
1. Hospitalization is subject to
children with severe forms,
children under 2 years old, not vaccinated
from whooping cough, from closed
outbreaks
2. Submit IES (report to
TsGSEN about the disease)
3. Isolate the patient for 30
days from the onset of the disease
4. Organize a mask
mode, regular
ventilation, damp
cleaning, quartzing
5. Final disinfection
not carried out
With contact
1. Identify everyone who is coughing
contact up to 14 years old,
suspend from visiting
children's group up to
receiving 2 negative
results
tank examination for whooping cough
2. Set observation to 14
days (only in kindergartens, boarding schools, orphanages)
3. Find out the vaccination
medical history: unvaccinated up to 1
years and older, weakened
children - appropriate
administer antipertussis
immunoglobulin

Specific prevention of whooping cough

Vaccination is being carried out
three times at intervals
45 days DPT vaccine
V₁ - 3 months,
V₂ - 4.5 months,
V₃ - 6 months,
Revaccination
R – 18 months.
DPT vaccine, Infanrix
enter only
intramuscularly!!!