Parapelvic cysts of both kidneys. Parapelvic cyst of the left kidney

Benign tumors affecting kidney tissue are quite often diagnosed by nephrologists. Among such formations, parapelvic kidney cyst is not so common (in 2% of elderly patients). Mostly, the left organ is affected by the growth of cystic formation, and only in rare cases the right or both kidneys. Some doctors are inclined to believe that this type of cyst has a congenital predisposition to development, which occurs in the presence of predisposing factors. We suggest you figure out what it is - a parapelvic cyst, why it is dangerous and how it manifests itself.

A parapelvic cyst is a benign type of tumor, which is most often localized in the renal pelvis or sinus. In nephrology, this formation is often called a “sinusoid cyst.” Like many other formations, a cyst may not bother a person for a long time, but only until the formation becomes large. Parapelvic cysts of the kidneys more often affect the left, less often the right organ, and only in isolated cases does bilateral cystosis occur.

The most common diagnosis is a parapelvic cyst of the left kidney. Cystic tumors have a fibrous membrane, which may contain clear or yellowish fluid inside. Unlike other simple cysts, this formation develops in the hilum of the kidney near the renal pelvis or in the large calyces in the region of the renal sinus. The size of the cystic formation can vary from a few millimeters to several centimeters. If the cyst is small in size, it may not bother a person for many years and may become an accidental discovery during a scheduled or unscheduled ultrasound examination.

Causes of cysts

The exact causes of cystic formations localized on the kidneys are unknown. Among the factors provoking their growth and education:

congenital pathologies;
kidney and lower back injuries;
ecology that negatively affects kidney tissue;
unhealthy lifestyle;
hormonal imbalance;
frequent hypothermia of the body;
concomitant diseases of the urinary system.

Very often, parapelvic cystosis can have an unclear etiology, especially in cases where a person has a history of other chronic diseases.

Disease clinic

A parapelvic cyst of the right kidney (or left) may not bother you for a long time. A person will feel the first symptoms when the tumor reaches a certain size and begins to compress the surrounding tissues, blood vessels, and nerve endings. Such changes in the urinary system cause disturbances in blood circulation, urine outflow and other disorders that worsen overall health.

The following symptoms may be characteristic signs of the disease (their intensity can be expressed to a greater or lesser extent):

Aching pain in the lower back. Pain syndrome is often present on the left, which indicates damage to the left organ.
Increased blood pressure.
Disruption of urine outflow.
Frequent urge to urinate.
Decreased urine output.
Dizziness.
Nausea, urge to vomit.
Vision disorders.

If a patient is diagnosed with parapelvic cysts of both kidneys, the clinical signs will be more pronounced, accompanied by severe pain and acute urinary retention. If the tumor is large, the outflow of urine is disrupted, and renal syndrome develops with a pronounced clinical picture, which requires immediate hospitalization in a hospital. The appearance of such symptoms should be a reason to contact a urologist (or nephrologist), who, based on the diagnostic results, will be able to determine the size of the cyst, its location, make a diagnosis, and select the necessary treatment.

Why is a cyst dangerous?

Parapelvic cystosis is a benign process, but if the tumor increases in size and disrupts the functioning of neighboring organs, there is a risk of complications, including:

inflammation of the kidney tissue;
urolithiasis;
renal failure;
purulent processes;
cyst rupture;
degeneration into a malignant tumor.

Given the complexity of the pathology, treatment should be carried out as quickly as possible, especially if the cyst has reached 4 or more centimeters.

Diagnostics

Sinusoidal formations on the tissues of the left or right kidney may not bother a person for several years and may be discovered by chance during a routine examination. If the formation reaches a large size and disrupts the functioning of the urinary system, severe symptoms force a person to consult a doctor on their own. An initial consultation with a nephrologist consists of collecting anamnesis, examination, and prescribing diagnostic procedures:

Ultrasound of the kidneys;
excretory urography;
urine and blood tests.

If necessary, additional research methods can be prescribed to clarify the picture of the disease, diagnosis, and determine treatment tactics. Ultrasound of the kidneys is considered the most informative, the results of which make it possible to recognize the localization of the tumor process, size, and evaluate the functioning of the organs of the urinary system. If the indicators are normal, the cyst is less than 3 cm, does not interfere with the functioning of other organs, surgery is not required, conservative therapy is prescribed, and the dynamics of the disease is monitored.

Treatment methods

If peripelvic kidney cysts of small size are diagnosed, and they do not interfere with the functionality of other organs, the patient can only be prescribed dietary nutrition and periodic ultrasound diagnostics to monitor the condition.

The patient will have to give up salty, spicy and fatty foods. It is recommended to drink about two liters of water per day.

Conservative therapy can be prescribed in cases where the cyst does not increase in size, does not block the ureter, and does not cause complications. Treatment may include taking antispasmodics, herbal medications, medications that improve blood circulation, and diuretics. The choice of drugs remains with the attending physician. If you diagnose the pathology in time, carry out high-quality treatment, and follow all the doctor’s recommendations, you can avoid surgical intervention.

If conservative therapy does not bring results, surgical intervention is recommended in the form of:

punctures;
laparoscopic method;
abdominal surgery.

Laparoscopy is considered the most effective and safe method of surgical treatment, which has minimal risks of complications and allows the patient to quickly recover after surgery. Abdominal surgery is prescribed if a malignant neoplasm is suspected. Puncture is rarely performed because it carries a high risk of infection. The prognosis after treatment is favorable in most cases.

Next, the patient must periodically come for consultations with the attending physician, follow a diet, undergo an ultrasound, undergo tests, the results of which will allow him to monitor his kidney function, and assess the general condition of the patient.

Prevention

There are no specific preventive measures to prevent peripelvic renal cysts, but general recommendations will help reduce the risk of its formation:

Once a year, undergo an ultrasound of the kidneys.
Avoid hypothermia.
Increase immunity.
Treat all concomitant diseases in a timely manner.
Stop smoking and drinking alcohol.
Avoid lower back injuries.
Eat properly and nutritiously.

- a fairly rare diagnosis. This pathology is most often observed in the elderly. Some people live with this disease without knowing they have it. Despite the fact that this is a benign formation, it is dangerous due to its ability to degenerate into a malignant tumor. You can learn about what you need to know for successful treatment and avoiding the risk of complications from this article.

The essence of pathology

This pathology is rarely accompanied by the appearance of multiple neoplasms on both kidneys: most often a parapelvic cyst of the left kidney is diagnosed. This is a sac-like body with thin and elastic walls, filled inside with a yellowish or colorless liquid. The soft consistency often determines the hidden existence of pathology, when it is not felt by a person and cannot be palpated.

This formation is localized at the entrance canals of the kidney, in its pelvis and sinus. Therefore, the second name of the cyst is sinusoidal. The growth rate can be small: the neoplasm ranges in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. The critical size at which therapeutic measures are necessary is 3–4 cm.

Reasons

Doctors suggest that parapelvic cysts of both kidneys or one of them are formed in people with a genetic predisposition. In this case, the pathological process can begin in the womb or early childhood, and manifest itself in old age, when the effects of negative factors and age-related changes in the urinary system accumulate.

To begin the active growth of such a benign tumor, some kind of push is usually required. The triggering factor may be frequent inflammatory diseases of the kidney tissue, hormonal changes or damage caused by other reasons (injuries, hypothermia, the effects of toxins due to addictions and stay in environmentally polluted places). In chronic nephrological diseases, parapelvic kidney cysts can develop even without a hereditary predisposition.

Symptoms

The initial stages of growth of a neoplasm or its stable existence at a small size do not cause noticeable symptoms. This leads to long-term development of pathology without timely diagnosis and treatment. Obvious signs of the disease develop under the following conditions:

The neoplasm has reached such dimensions that it begins to put pressure on other living tissues. A nagging pain appears, felt in the lower back, lower abdomen and hypochondrium. Patients characterize this painful sensation as tingling in the side and sharp pain when urinating.
The cyst has become so large that it obstructs the flow of urine. The bladder often becomes full, the act of urination becomes painful, and the urine becomes abnormal in color due to the admixture of pus and blood. The rate of urination changes: the urge becomes more frequent, and the portions of urine decrease.
Education negatively affects the condition of the ureters, as congestion develops in them. The inflammatory process can be complemented by infection and spread to neighboring organs.
The growth of the tumor provokes the occurrence of hypertension, which may result in characteristic symptoms (deterioration of vision, headaches, nausea).
Acute inflammation develops in the body, which is accompanied by fever and weakness with dizziness.

If treatment is not started on time, serious consequences are possible: rupture of the tumor membrane; the development of cancer, kidney failure, urolithiasis or purulent processes with the threat of infection of the entire body. An alarming signal is an increase in the size of the tumor to 4 cm or more.

Diagnostics

A parapelvic cyst of the right or left kidney, not accompanied by noticeable symptoms, can be diagnosed suddenly - during examinations prescribed for another reason. In case of acute manifestations of the disease, you need to contact a nephrologist, who can make a diagnosis and identify all the features of the pathology in order to find optimal treatment. The main diagnostic methods are:

Non-surgical treatment

Treatment of parapelvic cysts exclusively with medications is allowed only when the tumor is not so large as to threaten health and life. Most often it is appropriate to use the following groups of drugs:

anti-inflammatory medications to prevent the spread of inflammation to the excretory, digestive and reproductive systems;
antibiotics for the treatment and prevention of infection due to stagnation of urine;
painkillers and antispasmodics for attacks of pain;
antihypertensive drugs for high blood pressure;
means for normalizing water-salt balance.

If the tumor is small, does not grow over time, and does not interfere with the body's functioning, drug treatment may not be appropriate. But at the same time, the patient must follow a special diet and be examined regularly so that with the slightest changes, the necessary therapy can be started.

Folk remedies for eliminating this disease in the form of self-medication and sole therapy are unacceptable. Some methods can be used in addition to the basic instructions of the nephrologist and only as a result of prior consultation with him. To avoid negative consequences - accelerating the growth of a tumor or its degeneration into a malignant one - even seemingly harmless techniques should not be used without the knowledge of a doctor.

Surgical methods

Surgical treatment is necessary if renal function becomes insufficient or inflammation spreads to surrounding tissues. There are several surgical techniques:

puncture - a puncture or incision followed by suction of accumulated fluid; is rarely carried out, as it has a high risk of infection;
drainage incision - creating a path to remove fluid from the tumor and cleanse the organ;
cutting off the cyst itself, its appendages and part of the affected renal tissue;
complete removal of the diseased kidney.

The most favorable are minimally invasive interventions, such as laparoscopy, in which tissue damage is minimal and the rehabilitation period is easy and quick for the patient. After any of these operations, periodic examinations are necessary to monitor the condition of the organs and the presence of complications.

The risk of developing the disease can be reduced if a person adheres to the basic rules of a healthy lifestyle, eats rationally, and promptly treats other diseases. If relatives have such a disease, there is a possibility of inheriting this pathology: in this case, it is advisable to undergo periodic examinations. If such a diagnosis is identified, you need to carefully monitor your condition and follow the doctor’s instructions, and if necessary, resort to surgery in a timely manner.

When conducting an ultrasound examination, nephrologists detect a disease such as a parapelvic cyst of the kidney. It is benign in nature and is quite rare. This cystic pathology is characterized by the presence of one or more peculiar oval-shaped sacs filled with fluid.

They still cannot determine the exact causes of such cysts. The most common version is that this is a congenital anomaly that develops during the prenatal period. On ultrasound during pregnancy, such a pathology can be recognized already in the third month.

There are also several acquired reasons:

chronic renal failure;
kidney ischemia;
poisoning by toxic substances entering the body;
closing the lumen of the renal canal;
constant excessive physical activity;
unfavorable environmental conditions;
abuse of bad habits;
frequent hormonal disorders in the body;
systematic hypothermia;
kidney injuries.

Symptoms

Parapelvic cysts of both kidneys may not manifest themselves at first. This disease is characterized by an asymptomatic course. And only when the cyst reaches a certain size does a person begin to feel discomfort in the side. Over time, when the cyst exceeds 5 cm, the course of the disease takes on a more acute form and the following symptoms appear:

pain in the lumbar region (by its localization one can judge on which side the affected organ is located);
high blood pressure;
violation of urinary function (the cyst puts pressure on the wall of the ureter, thereby reducing its diameter);
despite frequent urges, the amount of urine is noticeably reduced;
general weakness, headaches, nausea and vomiting.

Important. It is not difficult to identify parapelvic cysts of both kidneys - in this case, the pain is much more severe, and disturbances in the outflow of urine will be absolutely obvious.

If you notice such symptoms, you should definitely consult a doctor. This process is benign. The presence of a cyst interferes with the normal functioning of neighboring organs. In this case, the following complications may begin:

stones in urine;
inflammation of kidney tissue;
renal failure;
purulent processes;
rupture of the cyst body;
the occurrence of a malignant neoplasm.

Diagnostics

If a number of the above symptoms appear, the first thing to do is visit a urologist. For accurate diagnosis, ultrasound and MRI are required. With their help, you can accurately determine the location of the cyst, its size, degree of complexity, and also consider how much the tumor process harms the urinary system.

This type of examination, such as excretory urography, will determine the condition of the ureter, renal pelvis and help clarify the size of the cystic formation. Important. This disease is insidious in that it can have similar formations in both organs.

Laboratory testing of blood and urine is also mandatory.

Based on these examinations, the doctor will be able to determine what type of treatment will be required.

Treatment

If the tumor does not exceed 5 cm, surgery to remove it is not performed. Treatment is also not carried out if the cyst does not affect important vessels and affects the functioning of the ureter. You will only need to visit a doctor every six months to monitor the dynamics of its development.

If the disease manifests itself with a number of general symptoms without disruption of the ureter and tumor growth, then the doctor prescribes drug treatment. Medicines are prescribed that can relieve pain and eliminate disturbing symptoms. As a rule, these are drugs that relieve spasms and inflammation, as well as painkillers. If the patient consults a doctor on time, when the first symptoms are detected, then, most likely, it will be possible to manage the treatment without surgery.

When does conservative treatment not bring the expected results? If the disease was discovered late or the cyst caused any complications. In such cases, surgical intervention is necessary. This operation is aimed at removing this tumor. There are three main types of surgery to remove a cystic formation:

A puncture is a puncture of a cyst for the purpose of draining it. After this, sclerosant preparations are injected into the cyst cavity, gluing the walls of the emptied cyst. Puncture of a cyst of the right or left kidney is carried out under the supervision of an ultrasound machine. This intervention is not popular, since doctors themselves do not consider it safe enough. This is due to the high possibility of infection.
The laparoscopic method is considered the most effective and safe for removing such formations. Also, the undoubted advantages of this method include: minimal pain in the postoperative period, absence of sutures outside and adhesions inside, low probability of postoperative infection, quick rehabilitation.
Abdominal surgery is indicated for the most severe course of the disease, which is characterized by rupture of cysts or degeneration of a cyst into a malignant tumor. Like any abdominal surgery, this intervention is much more difficult for the body. In the postoperative period, a therapeutic course of antibiotics is necessarily prescribed. The rehabilitation period is longer.

Traditional medicine

Traditional methods of treatment are possible only for the smallest size of the cyst and only after consultation with the attending physician, so as not to aggravate the situation. Such treatment will take much longer, but in this case it is necessary to undergo an ultrasound.

Certain medicinal plants can actually be beneficial and reduce the size of the cyst over time. The most popular of them include:

Rose hip. This recipe uses crushed rosehip root. 2 tbsp. raw materials need to be poured with two glasses of boiling water and brewed over fire for 30-40 minutes. The finished broth is strained and taken 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment is one month.
Burdock. To do this, take fresh juicy leaves of burdock, which grows as far as possible from roads, and squeeze the juice out of it. This product is used in its pure form, 2 tbsp. daily for two months.
Celandine. Brew 2 tbsp. raw materials in a glass of boiling water and drink 1⁄4 glass three times a day before meals.

Prevention

Due to the fact that there are no specific preventive measures to prevent this disease, the following recommendations must still be followed:

be sure to undergo an ultrasound examination annually;
increase the body's defenses;
do not overcool;
give up bad habits;
be afraid of lumbar injuries;
eat a balanced diet;
promptly treat urinary tract diseases and all other associated diseases.

Conclusion

It is believed that parapelvic cyst of the left kidney is much more common, but there are cases when the disease affects both kidneys. Most often, people in the age group 50-55 years are affected by the disease. According to one version, the disease is caused by a hereditary predisposition. The treatment used will depend on its size and location, but sometimes, in the absence of complications, special treatment may not be required.

Cystic formations occur on various organs, including the urinary system. One of the varieties of such neoplasms is a parapelvical (sinus) kidney cyst. The pathology is diagnosed by ultrasound; more often it requires dynamic observation, but in certain cases treatment is prescribed. It also occurs, but read about these forms of the disease in our separate works.

This neoplasm develops in the sinus area of the organ, which is why they are also called renal sinus cysts. It is a benign formation (like) that looks like a round or oval sac filled with liquid contents. The liquid is most often clear, but may have a yellowish color.

Peripelvic renal cyst is rare, so it has not yet been possible to obtain sufficient information about the reasons for its formation. Experts believe that the pathology is congenital and develops as a result of improper formation of kidney tissue during the prenatal period. However, a parapelvic cyst can also be acquired in nature, when unfavorable factors provoke the development of formation.

Any adverse effect leads to an imbalance in the body and a deterioration in the blood supply to organs. This can cause structural changes in the kidney tissue, leading to the formation of cavities that fill with fluid. The immediate reason for the formation of a parapelvic cyst is obstruction and expansion of the lumen of the lymphatic vessel.

Symptoms of a parapelvic cyst

A renal sinus cyst may show symptoms for a long time. If there are no other kidney diseases, then small cystic formations do not affect the functioning of the organ and the person’s well-being. Signs of pathology appear as the size of the tumor increases, when it puts pressure on the vessels and nearby tissues. This can lead to painful sensations, disruption of the blood supply to the organ, and deterioration of the outflow of blood and lymph. Manifestations of a sinus cyst cannot be called characteristic of this particular pathology. Symptoms are common to many kidney diseases:

High blood pressure.
Impaired urination.
Frequent urge to urinate.
Discomfort and pain in the kidney area

The pain varies in nature and intensity, but more often it is quite sharp and severe and appears in paroxysms. A large renal sinus cyst can compress the ureter, which impairs urine output. In this case, stagnation occurs, which further intensifies the symptoms.

Discomfort and pain are felt more strongly on the affected side; if parapelvic cysts of both kidneys form, the pain spreads to the entire lumbar region.

Possible complications

A parapelvic cyst is a benign tumor of the kidney and does not pose a serious threat to the body. But this does not mean that pathology should be left to chance. If the disease is detected, then at least dynamic observation is required, because it may increase in size or undergo malignancy. In these cases, there is a risk of developing other diseases, deteriorating the functional abilities of the affected organ, which adversely affects not only the patient’s well-being, but also the condition and functioning of the entire body.

The appearance of complications is most often associated with the increasing size of the tumor, which puts pressure on tissues and blood vessels. Against the background of sinus cystosis of the kidney, a disease such as pyelonephritis often begins. Lack of timely treatment leads to even greater damage to organ tissue; irreversible changes are possible, which in severe cases lead to renal failure.

Due to metabolic disorders in the affected kidney, blood supply and urine drainage deteriorate, which contributes to the development of urolithiasis. The presence of an inflammatory process against the background of congestion increases the risk of suppuration of a renal sinus cyst. This complication is especially dangerous in case of traumatic lesions of the kidney, because rupture of the tumor membrane can lead to purulent contents entering the abdominal cavity. In such cases, there is a possibility of developing sepsis, which can lead to death if not treated promptly.

Possible complications:

pyelonephritis;
formation of sand and stones in the kidneys and bladder;
suppuration of a sinus cyst;
decrease in organ functions;
development of renal failure;
capsule rupture;
sepsis.

Diagnosis of sinus cyst

If symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor and get diagnosed. The diagnosis can be made by either a urologist or a therapist. The patient needs a comprehensive examination, which necessarily includes an ultrasound examination. It is this procedure that allows you to detect a cystic formation. Often, the detection of this pathology occurs by chance during a preventive examination, which the patient undergoes for another reason or as part of a medical examination.

Basic methods for diagnosing parapelvic cysts:

Ultrasound examination. Ultrasound of the kidneys can detect tumor formations, including parapelvic cysts. When performing this procedure, you can determine the size, location and nature of the tumor.
Excretory urography. This type of instrumental examination of the organs of the genitourinary system allows us to identify the degree of deformation of the renal pelvis and displacement of the ureter.

Additional research methods:

general and biochemical blood test;
urine tests.

These methods are necessary to assess the general condition of the body and kidney function. Based on the results of all studies, a diagnosis is made and therapy is prescribed.

Treatment of kidney sinus cyst

With small sizes of renal sinus cysts, when their presence does not affect organ function in any way and does not manifest symptoms, there is no need for treatment. But dynamic monitoring is required, which will allow you to keep the process under control and notice unfavorable signs in time. To do this, an ultrasound of the kidneys is prescribed once or twice a year to understand whether the capsule is growing. If there is a tendency to increase, then there is a danger of unpleasant symptoms, deterioration of organ functions and the development of complications.

If the identified tumor is large enough and puts pressure on the tissue, then treatment is prescribed. It is aimed at alleviating pain and eliminating symptoms. Treatment is also necessary to prevent inflammatory processes, improve blood supply to the kidney and urine outflow. Basic methods:

Conservative therapy.
Surgical intervention.

Conservative treatment of parapelvic kidney cysts involves the use of medications in accordance with the existing symptoms. Doctors prescribe painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs. Therapy with antihypertensive drugs or antispasmodics may be necessary.

Surgical intervention is prescribed in cases where the formation reaches a large size. It is necessary if there is no effect of drug treatment, if the tumor is suspected of being malignant. The main indicator for prescribing removal surgery is a noticeable deterioration in the functions of the kidneys or other organs due to a parapelvic cyst.

Removal methods

cyst puncture;
laparoscopic surgery;
abdominal surgery.

Puncture of a cystic formation involves pumping out fluid from the cavity. This intervention is the least traumatic and easily tolerated. After the procedure, there is a high probability of relapse, and there is also a risk of infection in the body.

Most often they resort to laparoscopic surgery, as it allows you to completely remove the cyst. This intervention takes place quickly, and the rehabilitation period is only a few days. Abdominal surgery is performed only for very large tumors, bilateral cystosis, or when diagnosing malignant changes.

Treatment of parapelvic kidney cysts involves a certain diet. A balanced diet with limited protein and salt intake is necessary, and drinking regime is mandatory. The diet is prescribed by a doctor in accordance with the stage of development of the disease and the existing symptoms.

Read about other forms in our next publication.

March 15, 2017 Doctor

Parapelvic kidney cyst is one of the types of benign neoplasms developing in this organ. It most often forms in the region of the renal sinus, that is, at the gate of the kidney. This cyst looks like a small sac with clear or yellowish liquid inside it.

This pathology is rare. In most cases, the left kidney is affected; a parapelvic cyst of the right kidney is much less common, and an even more rare pathology is the development of a bilateral process. The causes and factors for the formation of this type of cyst are not yet entirely clear.

Most experts are inclined to believe that there is a congenital predisposition, which, in the presence of risk factors, leads to this pathology.

In case of serious congenital anomalies and the presence of provoking factors, intensive development of the pathology is possible, in which multiple parapelvic cysts are formed.

How does the disease manifest itself?

A parapelvic cyst may not manifest itself in any way for a long time. The disease may last for several years and remain undetected or discovered by chance during examination for another reason. A person feels the first symptoms when the tumor reaches a certain size and begins to put pressure on surrounding tissues and structures. The cyst compresses blood vessels, the pelvis, and puts pressure on nerve endings. As a result, blood circulation and urine flow are impaired, and lower back pain appears. Most often, painful sensations are localized on the left, since in most cases a parapelvic cyst of the left kidney is formed. Compression of the renal vessels also leads to an increase in blood pressure and associated manifestations.

Symptoms

Pain in the kidney area;
Increased blood pressure;
Urinary dysfunction: frequent urge, decreased urine output, urine retention.

Due to increased blood pressure, the patient may experience dizziness, headaches, and nausea. Increased pressure can quickly affect the condition of the retina, which leads to decreased vision.

Parapelvic cysts of both kidneys have more pronounced manifestations and make themselves felt earlier than unilateral lesions. Any of the symptoms should alert a person; he should immediately contact a specialist and undergo a diagnosis.

Diagnosis and treatment

To undergo an examination, you need to contact a urologist or nephrologist. If your medical institution does not have such doctors, then the primary diagnosis can be carried out by a therapist who, if necessary, will give a referral to a clinic where there are appropriate specialists. To confirm the diagnosis, instrumental studies are required:

excretory urography.

Ultrasound examinations are now publicly available in any district clinic. This procedure allows you to detect the presence of neoplasms, as well as establish their location and size. With the help of several ultrasounds performed at different times, it is possible to trace the dynamics of the tumor process and suggest the degree of its danger.

Excretory urography makes it possible to more accurately determine the size of the cyst, and also reveals deformation of the renal pelvis and the degree of deformation of the ureter.

Despite the benign nature of cystic formations, treatment must be carried out in a timely manner, because an advanced process is dangerous for the development of complications. Since the cyst compresses the vessels and prevents the normal outflow of urine, conditions are created in the affected kidney that are conducive to the development of inflammatory processes. Therefore, one of the complications is pyelonephritis. In addition, renal function may be impaired, leading to stone formation and renal failure.

The most dangerous complications

Malignancy of the neoplasm, that is, the transformation of the cyst into a malignant tumor;
Purulent processes;
Cyst rupture.

After diagnostic measures are carried out, a treatment regimen is developed. The choice of methods and methods depends on the stage of the disease, as well as on the state in which the tissues of the affected kidney are located. Treatment of the disease can be conservative or surgical. Conservative treatment involves the use of medications that will relieve symptoms and prevent the development of inflammatory processes and other complications.

Anti-inflammatory and painkillers are mainly used for these purposes. You may also need medications to correct your blood pressure.

In cases where the cyst is rapidly progressing in growth or is already large, surgery is prescribed to remove the cyst. Today, two methods of surgical treatment are used: puncture and laparoscopic surgery. The puncture is less traumatic for the patient, and after it the recovery process occurs quite quickly. However, this technique is considered to be associated with a high risk of kidney infection. This may not lead to recovery, but to new complications.

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How is the puncture performed?

During this procedure, penetration into the cyst cavity occurs through a puncture using a special instrument. The liquid contained inside is removed. After this, its walls stick together and spontaneously undergo scarring. The result of this intervention should be the complete disappearance of the tumor and the release of the kidney structures from pressure. If the doctor assesses the risk of infection as minimal, then he chooses a puncture treatment method for the patient.

The most effective and safe method of treating this pathology today is laparoscopic surgery. It allows you to remove cystic formations in the kidneys.

How is the operation performed?

Penetration into the abdominal cavity and directly to the site of cyst formation occurs with the help of special instruments through 3 small punctures in the abdominal wall. The cysts are removed along with the capsule. The operation is performed using general anesthesia. In cases of multiple cysts and significant damage to the kidney tissue, a more radical operation may be performed, during which the kidney itself is removed. However, such cases are very rare.

Timely and adequate treatment of parapelvic cysts helps to fully preserve their functions and avoid possible complications.

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