Names for coating agents for the stomach and intestines. Review of antacid stomach coatings
In cases where gastroenterologists diagnose an increased level of acidity in a patient, the natural practice is to prescribe a coating for the stomach and intestines. These types of drugs, creating an additional layer on the walls of organs, not only protect them from adverse effects, but also promote rapid pain relief.
When are coating agents used?
Preparations with enveloping properties include components that interact with H2O to create colloids and suspensions. The main effect of both natural and chemical elements is the same - they reduce the susceptibility of nerve endings, protecting them from negative influences. Indications for prescribing such drugs are:
- Presence of heartburn.
- Various gastritis and ulcerative pathology.
- Enteritis and colitis.
- Diagnosis of pancreatitis.
- Exposure to chemicals leading to burns of the gastric mucosa and other pathologies.
The main property of enveloping drugs for the stomach is the almost complete absence of their absorption, as a result of which they do not penetrate into the blood. Therefore, it is possible to use both natural components and their synthesized analogues.
Natural and Pharmaceuticals
If we consider the natural components used to envelop the organ, almost all of them contain starch and its components. These natural preparations include:
- flax-seed;
- licorice root;
- starch obtained from potatoes and corn;
- oatmeal, oats;
- comfrey plant.
In folk medicine, these drugs are actively used in the treatment of gastritis and ulcerative pathology, since they have proven themselves to quickly eliminate pain and inflammatory processes. Oatmeal alone is worth it - if you cook such porridge with water, you can not only control your weight, but also help your stomach.
However, a certain difficulty arises here - substances penetrate into the intestines later than into the stomach. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out complex treatment using traditional recipes along with therapy with pharmaceuticals. Today, the pharmaceutical industry provides the consumer with many drugs with an enveloping effect. Particularly in demand are:
- White magnesia, the basic component of which is magnesium carbonate.
- Aluminum hydroxide.
- Almagel and Phosphalugel.
- Vikair.
- Sucralfate.
Some simple recipes
If you have a problem with your stomach or suffer from heartburn, but you don’t have the time or energy to run to the pharmacy, you can use simple traditional medicine recipes:
- Starch is diluted in warm water before use, For 100 ml of liquid take one large spoon of the substance. This drink is an excellent protector of the gastric layer.
- Flax seeds in warm liquid release mucus, it is precisely this that must be used for treatment. Preparing the solution is simple - pour a small spoon of seeds into 250 ml of boiling water and keep on fire for another 15 minutes, then filter and drink the warm solution 60 minutes before meals.
- You can use spotted orchis, which contains starch and mucus. For a healing decoction, grind 5 grams of the root, pour the powder into a thermos, pour 200 ml of boiling water, leave for three hours, then boil over fire for 10 minutes, strain the composition and take 70 ml before meals three times a day.
- Marshmallow root is also effective. To prepare the drink, the root is ground to a powder, 10 grams of which are poured into 250 ml of boiling water in a thermos. After the product has infused, it is taken 10 ml before meals up to four times a day.
Today, enveloping agents that create a barrier for the stomach and its mucous membrane from an aggressive environment are available in any pharmacy and are available without a prescription. To use drugs correctly, you need to know in what cases a particular drug is required and what are the indications for its use.
Very often, due to poor nutrition and abuse of alcohol and carbonated drinks, we create an increased level of acidity in the stomach, heartburn and pain in the upper abdomen occur, creating a favorable environment not only for gastritis, but also for peptic ulcers. In such cases, the body can no longer cope on its own; additional external help is required in the form of enveloping agents for the stomach, which will create a kind of protective layer on the mucous membrane and relieve the pain symptom.
Enveloping preparations contain chemicals that can interact with water and create colloidal solutions. They are distributed evenly over the entire surface of the stomach, thereby creating a protective film from further exposure to toxic substances and reducing the sensitivity threshold of nerve fibers.
- Thus, drugs in this group have the following properties:
- Enveloping effect.
- Stops an attack of nausea and vomiting.
- Analgesic effect.
- Antidiarrheal action.
Antimicrobial and/or anti-inflammatory effect.
Medicines can also be used topically for various damage to the skin: injuries, frostbite, burns.
Enveloping agents exist in 2 generations: 1st generation - absorbable drugs, 2nd generation - non-absorbable. The former have a short-term effect; they interact with hydrochloric acid in the stomach and are partially absorbed into the general bloodstream. Such drugs include magnesium and calcium carbonate, burnt magnesia, Rennie. The advantage of the second group of drugs is their non-absorption property, that is, they do not enter the bloodstream, thereby remaining entirely in the stomach and intestines. Among them are Gastal, Maalox, Almagel.
- At the moment, there are medicines, both herbal products and their synthesized analogues. Components of natural origin include starch and its derivatives, such as:
- Flax is a mucus protector, a breakdown of the stomach lining, and is used in the form of jelly, since the seeds release mucus in warm water. Also has antimicrobial and laxative properties.
- Liquorice root.
- Potato or corn starch - a frequently used product in the kitchen, upon contact with hot water turns into a colloidal mixture, which has an excellent enveloping effect. It is used not only internally, but also as enemas.
- Oats.
- Oatmeal or oatmeal is the healthiest breakfast product, cooked in water, it has a beneficial effect on the mucous membranes.
- Comfrey.
- White clay is available in powder form, dissolves in water and is used both internally and topically on the skin.
- Marshmallow root has a proven enveloping effect; brew it in boiling water and drink several servings a day before meals.
- Two-leaved lyubka.
If it's nighttime and you don't have any medications on hand, you can use commonly used products like milk or baking soda as an antacid.
The most popular medications that provide a coating effect for the stomach are:
- White magnesia;
- Almagel;
- Phosphalugel;
- Sucralfate;
- Vikair;
- Aluminum hydroxide.
Important! Stomach and intestinal coating agents are often used in combination with antihistamines and antacids, as well as proton pump inhibitors. Their combined use provides a comprehensive approach to control the intensity and course of the disease. At the same time, modern drugs have almost no side effects, which explains their widespread use in medical practice.
Indications for the use of enveloping agents are the following diseases:
- For gastritis, both acute and chronic forms.
- Stomach and/or duodenal ulcers.
- Pancreatitis.
- Heartburn.
- Bloating.
- Poisoning.
- Enterite.
- Colitis.
- Burns of mucous membranes due to exposure to chemicals or toxic substances.
Almagel. Very often prescribed by doctors for gastritis or peptic ulcers, it is available in several forms, and another antacid, Maalox, has similar properties. The dosage of the drug is prescribed by the attending physician. Since these products contain aluminum, it is necessary to stop using them during pregnancy and breastfeeding; aluminum has a teratogenic effect on the fetus and placenta. Almagel ensures an increase in the pH of the contents in the stomach cavity and creates a protective film. The advantage of the drug is the absence of side effects of flatulence in patients. It is used for acute and chronic inflammation of the stomach, both for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Also indicated for reflux esophagitis, enteritis and colitis. During therapy with glucocorticosteroids, Almagel is often prescribed.
Bismuth preparations include De-Nol, Vikair, Bismofalk in this group. Bismuth forms a chelate bond with protein molecules, thereby providing mucosal protection. They also have antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylory. All bismuth-based medications are taken in a course for 1-2 months, before eating. Used for stomach and duodenal ulcers, duodenitis and gastritis.
Aluminum hydroxide is produced in the form of a powder compound and is prescribed in the form of a suspension 5-6 times a day for duodenal ulcers, poisoning and gastritis.
Sucralfate is an antacid with an enveloping effect, inhibits the production of the gastric enzyme, which is produced under the influence of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and also “binds” hydrochloric acid itself. Used for ulcers and gastritis, 3 times a day, 1-2 tablets, you should drink the drug generously and do not chew it.
Phosphalugel is produced in the form of a white gel, has a neutralizing effect on hydrochloric acid, enveloping and adsorbing effects. Well used for food poisoning and toxic infections. Recommended for use for stomach ulcers, gastritis, alcohol intoxication, and dyspeptic syndrome. Side effects include flatulence and constipation.
Conclusion
Thus, enveloping drugs are very widely used today and are a first aid remedy for epigastric pain, heartburn, attacks of nausea and food poisoning.
Reading time: 4 minutes. Views 998 Published 09/24/2017
Enveloping agents are substances that can protect tissues from the action of irritants.
As a rule, these drugs have a high absorption capacity and make it difficult to absorb harmful substances in the gastrointestinal tract. They also have antiemetic and antidiarrheal effects.
Enveloping substances are used to reduce inflammatory processes, and also, in combination with other medications, are prescribed to reduce irritation and reduce the absorption of toxic products and drugs.
They are used for poisoning with salts of heavy metals and alkaloids, and are used as bases for the preparation of certain dosage forms.
Enveloping folk remedies
Enveloping agents of plant origin include the following drugs:
1. Potato starch.
Used as an enveloping anti-inflammatory agent in the form of a paste (brewed with hot water).
Take 1-2 tbsp. l.
2. Provençal oil.
Drink 60 ml of Provencal oil 3 times a day (highest grade olive oil) as an enveloping agent.
The oil obtained from the cakes from the first pressing of olives is called wood oil.
3. Almond oil.
Almond oil is taken orally 6-8 drops 3 times a day in the form of an emulsion as an enveloping and emollient.
Infusions
4. Fireweed infusion.
2 tbsp. l. crushed leaves of fireweed angustifolia (fireweed tea), brew 200 ml of boiling water, leave for 2 hours, strain.
Take 1 tbsp. l. 3-4 times a day before meals.
5. Comfrey infusion.
Pour 40 g of crushed comfrey root into 1 liter of milk, then steam in the oven for 6-7 hours, without bringing to a boil.
Drink 50 ml 4 times a day before meals as an enveloping agent for all types of inflammation of the mucous membrane, as well as for chest ailments.
Remember, the plant is poisonous in large doses! Follow the dosage!
6. Licorice infusion.
2 tbsp. l. crushed licorice root (sweet root), brew 500 ml of boiling water, leave for 2 hours and strain.
Drink 100 ml 4 times a day after meals for poisoning, especially mushrooms and meat products.
7. Thyme infusion.
2 tbsp. l. chopped thyme herb (thyme), brew 200 ml of boiling water in a thermos, leave for 1 hour and strain.
Take 1 tbsp. l. with honey 3 times a day before meals as an enveloping agent.
8. Orchis infusion.
2 tbsp. l. dilute powder from root tubers of orchis (orchid family) in 100 ml of cold boiled water. Then add 500 ml of boiling water and shake again until you get a thick, colorless mucus.
Take 2 tbsp. l. 3-4 times a day warm.
Decoctions
9. Quince decoction.
Pour 10 g of crushed quince seeds into 200 ml of hot water, bring to a boil and boil in a water bath for 20 minutes, leave for 10 minutes and strain.
Drink the resulting mucous decoction 70-100 ml 3 times a day before meals.
10. Marshmallow decoction.
2 tbsp. l. crushed roots of marshmallow (mallow, mallow, marshmallow) pour 200 ml of boiling water, simmer over low heat for 30 minutes, leave for 10 minutes. and strain.
Drink 100 ml 3-4 times a day during hot meals.
11. Oat decoction.
Pour 30 g of chopped oat straw into 1 liter of water, bring to a boil and boil for 10 minutes, leave for 20-30 minutes. and strain.
Drink 50 ml 3 times a day before meals as an enveloping agent for diarrhea.
12. Plantain decoction.
1 tbsp. l. crushed plantain seeds, pour 200 ml of water, bring to a boil and boil for 1 minute, leave for 30 minutes. and strain.
Take 2 tbsp. l. 3 times a day before meals as an enveloping agent for inflammatory processes, gout, hemorrhoids.
13. Violet decoction.
2 tbsp. l. chopped tricolor violet herb (pansy, sister) pour 200 ml of water, bring to a boil and boil for 2 minutes, leave for 1 hour, strain.
Drink 50 ml 3 times a day before meals as an enveloping agent for diarrhea and dysentery.
Attention! An overdose can cause vomiting, diarrhea and an itchy rash!
14. Cetraria decoction.
1 tbsp. l. crushed thallus of Icelandic cetraria (Icelandic moss) pour 400 ml of boiling water, boil for 3 minutes, leave for 30 minutes. and strain.
Drink 100 ml 4 times a day for 30 minutes. before meals as an enveloping agent for diarrhea and chronic constipation.
STARCH (Amytum)
It is obtained from wheat grains - wheat starch (Amylum Tritici), corn (Amylum Maydis), rice (Amylum Oryzae), from potato tubers (Amylum Solani).
Insoluble in cold water, forms a colloidal solution in hot water (Mucilago Amyli).
Indications for use. Prescribed as an enveloping agent to protect sensitive nerve endings from the effects of irritants and to slow down the absorption of drugs.
Method of administration and dose. Externally (in the form of powders and powders with zinc oxide, talc, etc.), internally and in enemas (in the form of starch paste or mucus).
Release form. Powder.
Storage conditions. In a dry place.
LIQUIRITON (Liquiritonum)
Contains a sum of flavonoids from licorice root.
Pharmachologic effect. It has antispasmodic (relieving spasms), anti-inflammatory and moderate antacid (the ability to reduce stomach acidity) properties.
Indications for use. For exacerbation and for the prevention of gastric and duodenal ulcers, chronic gastritis with preserved secretory function of the stomach, erosive gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa with the formation of its defects).
Method of administration and dose. Orally 0.1-0.2 g 3-4 times a day 20-30 minutes before meals for 4-5 weeks; after a 10-12 day break, the course of treatment is repeated.
Release form. Tablets of 0.1 in a package of 25 pieces.
Storage conditions. In a dry, dark place.
FLAX SEEDS (Semena Lini)
Ripe and dried flax seeds (Linum usitatissinum L.), fam. flax (Linaceae). Contains fatty linseed oil (Oleum Lini) and mucus.
Indications for use. Used as an enveloping and softening agent.
Method of administration and dose. Externally for poultices and internally in the form of flaxseed mucus, which is prepared from 1 part whole flaxseed and 30 parts hot water extempore (before use).
Release form. In cardboard packs of 200 g.
Storage conditions. In a dry place.
MAGNESIUM CARBONATE BASIC (Magnesii subcarbonas)
Synonyms: Magnesia is white.
Indications for use. As an enveloping, antacid (reducing stomach acidity) and mild laxative.
Method of administration and dose. Orally, adults are prescribed 1-3 g, children under 1 year - 0.5 g, from 2 to 5 years - 1-1.5 g, from 6 to 12 years - 1-2 g per dose 2-3 once a day. Apply externally as a powder.
Release form. Powder and tablets containing basic magnesium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, 0.5 g each.
Storage conditions. In a well-closed container.
TABLETS "VICAIR" (Tabulettae "Vicairum")
Synonyms: Rother.
Indications for use.
Method of administration and dose. Prescribed orally after meals (after 1-11/2 hours), 1-2 tablets 3 times a day. Take with a small amount (1/4 cup) of water.
Side effect. The stool turns dark when taking Vikair tablets.
Release form. Tablets containing: basic bismuth nitrate - 0.35 g, basic magnesium carbonate - 0.4 g, sodium bicarbonate - 0.2 g, calamus rhizome powder and buckthorn bark (finely ground) - 0.025 g each, in a package of 100 pieces .
Storage conditions.
TABLETS "VICALIN" (Tabulettae "Vicalinum")
Pharmachologic effect. The tablets have a complex effect. Basic bismuth nitrate, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium carbonate provide an antacid (reducing stomach acidity) and astringent effect, buckthorn bark (albeit in a small dose) promotes a laxative effect. The presence of rutin allows one to count on some anti-inflammatory effect, and kellina - on an antispasmodic (relieving spasms) effect.
Indications for use. Used for peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum and hyperacid gastritis (inflammation of the stomach due to a persistent increase in acidity).
Method of administration and dose. Prescribe 1-2 tablets orally 3 times a day after meals with 1/2 glass of warm water (it is advisable to crush the tablets). The course of treatment usually lasts 1-2-3 months; after a month's break the course is repeated. During treatment you must follow a diet.
Side effect. The tablets usually do not cause side effects; sometimes there is an increase in bowel movements, which stops when the dose is reduced. The stool turns dark green or black when taking the pills.
Release form. Tablets containing: basic magnesium carbonate - 0.4 g, basic bismuth nitrate - 0.35 g, sodium bicarbonate - 0.2 g, calamus rhizome powder and buckthorn bark - 0.025 g each, rutin, etc. Kellin - 0.005 g each.
Storage conditions. In a dry place, protected from light.
MAGNESIUM OXIDE (Magnesii oxydum)
Synonyms: Burnt magnesia.
Pharmachologic effect. Magnesium oxide is one of the main representatives of antacids used to reduce high acidity of gastric juice.
When magnesium oxide is introduced into the stomach, it is not absorbed and neutralizes the hydrochloric acid of the gastric contents to form magnesium chloride. Carbon dioxide is not released, therefore the antacid (reducing stomach acidity) effect of magnesium oxide is not accompanied by secondary hypersecretion. There are no phenomena of alkalosis (Shelling) observed. Passing into the intestines, magnesium chloride has a laxative effect.
Indications for use. For hyperacid gastritis (inflammation of the stomach due to a persistent increase in acidity), peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.
Method of administration and dose. Prescribed orally (0.25-0.5-1 g) for increased acidity of gastric juice, acid poisoning and as a mild laxative (3-5 g per dose).
Antacids are usually taken one hour before meals. However, it should be noted that when taken on an empty stomach
The antacid effect is short-lived (about 30 minutes), it increases significantly (up to 3-4 hours) when taking antacids after meals. For a long-term antacid effect, it is advisable to take them 1 hour and 3 hours after meals.
Before use, the tablets must be crushed thoroughly.
Release form. Powder and tablets of 0.5 g.
Storage conditions. In a well-closed container.
MISOPROSTOL (Misoprostol)
Synonyms: Cytotec, Cytotec.
Pharmachologic effect. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E. It has antisecretory activity. When taken orally (in tablet form), it reduces the secretion (excretion) of hydrochloric acid, stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate and mucus, and has a cytoprotective (cell-protecting) effect. The action usually develops 30 minutes after administration and lasts about 3 hours.
Indications for use. They are used mainly to prevent the ulcerogenic (ulcer-causing) effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including acetylsalicylic acid. Taken simultaneously with anti-inflammatory drugs for the entire duration of their administration.
Method of administration and dose. Prescribed to adults: 0.2 mg (200 mcg) 3-4 times a day with meals. The last dose is taken shortly before bedtime. In case of poor tolerance, reduce the single dose to 0.1 mg (100 mcg). The drug is not prescribed to children under 18 years of age.
Side effect. When using the drug, nausea, diarrhea (diarrhea), stomach pain, rarely - skin rash, swelling, drowsiness, hypo- or hypertension (low or high blood pressure) and other side effects are possible.
Contraindications. Pregnancy (causes contraction of the uterine muscles). For kidney disease, it is necessary to reduce the dose.
Release form. Tablets of 0.2 mg (200 mcg) in a package of 100 pieces.
Storage conditions. In a dry place.
SUCRAFAT
Synonyms: Alsukral, Andapsin, Sacras, Ulkon, Sucrafil, Keal, Sukrat, Algofel, Venter, Gelfos.
Pharmachologic effect. The drug has an antacid (reduces stomach acidity), adsorbent (absorbing) and enveloping effects.
Neutralizes gastric acid, inhibits the secretion of pepsin (an enzyme that breaks down peptides and proteins). When entering the stomach, it forms a polymeric protective film on the surface of the mucous membrane and has an itoprotective (cell-protecting) effect.
Indications for use. Prescribed to adults for peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, hyperacid gastritis (inflammation of the stomach due to a persistent increase in acidity).
Method of administration and dose. Take 2-1 hour before meals in a daily dose of 2-4 g (4-8 tablets): 0.5-1 g (1-2 tablets) before breakfast, lunch and dinner and 0.5-1 g (1-2 tablets) before bedtime. The tablets are swallowed whole, without chewing, with a small amount of water. The course of treatment is repeated for 4-6 weeks or more.
Side effect. Constipation is possible when taking the drug. Sucralfate should not be prescribed together with tetracyclines (the absorption of tetracyclines is impaired).
Contraindications. Severe kidney damage and pregnancy.
Release form. Tablets of 0.5 g in a package of 100 pieces.
Storage conditions. In a dry place, protected from light.
PHOSFALUGEL (Fosfalugel)
Synonyms: Phosphalugel, Aluminum phosphate, Alfogel, Gasterin.
Colloidal gel containing aluminum phosphate (about 23%). The composition of the drug includes pectin and agaragar gel.
Pharmachologic effect. The drug has an enveloping effect and antacid (reduces stomach acidity) activity, helping to protect the gastric mucosa.
Indications for use. Used for peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, gastritis (inflammation of the stomach), dyspepsia (indigestion), food intoxication (poisoning).
Method of administration and dose. Take orally undiluted, with a small amount of water or diluted in ]/2 glasses of water (possibly with added sugar).
Dose: 1-2 packets 2-3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.
Release form. Packaged in plastic bags of 16 g.
Storage conditions. In a dry place.
ANDREWS LIVER SALT
Pharmachologic effect. A combined drug that has an antacid (reduces stomach acidity) effect. Sodium bicarbonate, which is part of it, reduces the acidity of gastric juice. In combination with citric acid, sodium bicarbonate forms a buffer solution, the pH (an indicator of the acid-base state) of which is higher than the pH of the stomach contents, as a result of which the drug increases the pH (reduces the acidity) of the stomach contents, having an antacid effect. Magnesium sulfate has a laxative effect.
Indications for use. Acute gastritis (inflammation of the stomach), chronic gastritis with normal secretory function of the stomach (secretion of gastric juice) in the acute phase, acute duodenitis (inflammation of the duodenum); peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute phase; pain, feeling of discomfort in the epigastrium (the area of the abdomen located directly below the convergence of the costal arches and the sternum); heartburn after excessive consumption of alcohol, nicotine, coffee, sweets, errors in diet, taking medications; constipation.
Method of administration and dose. For adults with epigastric pain and heartburn, take 1 teaspoon of powder per 1 glass of water. If necessary, the drug can be used 4 times a day.
For constipation, take 2 teaspoons per 1 glass of water in the morning on an empty stomach or before bed.
For children under 12 years of age, the drug is prescribed at a dose equal to half the dose for adults.
Side effect. Rarely - pain in the epigastric region.
Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug; diabetes.
Release form. Powder for the preparation of a solution for oral administration in bottles of 227 g and 113 g, in bags of 5 g. Composition: magnesium sulfate - 17.4%, sodium bicarbonate - 22.6%, citric acid - 19.5%, sucrose - 40.5%.
Storage conditions. In a dry place.
ALIGASTRIN
Synonyms: Alugastrin.
Pharmachologic effect. It has an astringent, antacid (reduces stomach acidity), enveloping effect. When taken orally, it forms a uniform protective film on the surface of the gastric mucosa.
Indications for use. Used for peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum and hyperacid gastritis (inflammation of the stomach due to a persistent increase in acidity).
Method of administration and dose. Take orally 2-1 hours before meals and before bedtime, 1-2 teaspoons of suspension (a suspension of solid particles in water) or the contents of 1-2 sachets (5 or 10 ml) with a small amount of warm boiled water or without water.
Side effect. The drug is usually well tolerated; Nausea and vomiting are possible.
Release form. In bottles of 250 ml and 5 or 10 ml in plastic bags.
Storage conditions. In tightly closed bottles (or bags) in a place protected from light.
BISMUTH NITRATE BASIC (Bismuth! subnitras)
Pharmachologic effect. Antacid (reduces stomach acidity), astringent, protects the lining of the stomach.
Indications for use. As an astringent, weak antiseptic (disinfectant), fixative for gastrointestinal diseases. It also has a local astringent and anti-inflammatory effect.
Method of administration and dose. Orally 0.25-1 g (children 0.1-0.3-0.5 g) per dose 4-6 times a day before meals 15-30 minutes. Topically 1-2 times a day for dermatitis (skin inflammation), erosions (surface defects) and small skin ulcers.
Side effect. With long-term use in large doses, methemoglobinemia (increased levels of methemoglobin in the blood).
Release form. Powder; 10% ointment.
Storage conditions. In a sealed container, protected from light.
Bismofalk
Pharmachologic effect. A combined preparation containing bismuth nitrate main and bismuth subgallate. An antiulcer agent with bactericidal (bacteria-destroying) activity against Helikobacter Pylori, a microorganism that is considered as one of the causes of the occurrence and recurrence (repeated manifestation) of chronic gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa) and peptic ulcer.
In the acidic environment of the stomach and duodenum, bismuth subgallate and bismuth subnitrate form complexes with glycoproteins (proteins) released from the damaged mucosa. This resulting complex, containing bismuth, forms a protective layer on the surface of erosions (defects of the mucous membrane) and ulcers, which protects them from the effects of hydrochloric acid and pepsin (an enzyme that decomposes peptides and proteins). The drug enhances the processes of regeneration (restoration) of the mucous membrane, increases the production of mucus and improves its protective properties.
Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum; chronic gastritis in the acute stage; a feeling of fullness in the epigastric region (the area of the abdomen located directly below the convergence of the costal arches and the sternum).
Method of administration and dose. The drug is prescribed orally, 2 tablets 3 times a day, 1-2 hours before meals. The tablets are taken without chewing, with a small amount of liquid. The duration of treatment is determined by the clinical course of the disease and should be at least 4 weeks even with rapid improvement or disappearance of complaints. At the same time, as with all bismuth preparations, the duration of treatment should not exceed 8 weeks. If it is necessary to repeat the course, you should take a break of 8 weeks.
Since the drug acts most actively in the acidic contents of the stomach, antacids (drugs that reduce stomach acidity), as well as milk, should not be taken simultaneously with bismofalk. If necessary, these drugs are taken no earlier than 30 minutes before taking bismofalk or 30 minutes after taking it, so as not to weaken the effect of bismofalk.
Side effect. Possible dark coloration of stool due to the formation of bismuth sulfide. With long-term use in high doses, the development of encephalopathy (brain diseases associated with the accumulation of bismuth in the central nervous system, characterized by its degenerative changes) is possible.
Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug; severe renal failure; pregnancy; lactation. The drug is not prescribed to children under 14 years of age.
Release form. Tablets containing basic bismuth nitrate 0.1 g and bismuth subgallate 0.05 g, in a package of 100 pieces.
Storage conditions.
Basic bismuth nitrate is also included in the composition of the preparations: neoanuzole suppositories, Vikair tablets, Vikalin tablets.
Bismuth subsalicylate
Synonyms: Desmol.
Pharmachologic effect. Antiulcer and antidiarrheal (antidiarrheal) agent, which also has an enveloping and antimicrobial effect. Forms an insoluble protective coating at the site of the ulcer. Increases the resistance of the mucous membrane to the action of pepsin (an enzyme that decomposes peptides and proteins), hydrochloric acid and enzymes. Increases the production of mucus in the stomach and improves its protective properties. The drug has a nonspecific antidiarrheal effect; Usually diarrhea (diarrhea) is stopped (removed) within 24 hours.
Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute stage; chronic gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa) with normal or increased secretory function (formation of gastric juice) in the acute stage; diarrhea of various origins.
Method of administration and dose. For the treatment of peptic ulcers, 2 tablespoons of the drug (or 2 tablets) are prescribed every 4 hours, but not more than 6 times a day.
For the treatment of diarrhea, adults are prescribed 2 tablespoons (or 2 tablets) of the drug every 0.5-1 hour (but not more than 8 times a day).
For the treatment of diarrhea, children are prescribed the drug every 0.5-1 hour (but not more than 8 times a day) in the following single doses: at the age of 3-6 years - 1 teaspoon (or Uz tablets), 6-9 years - 2 teaspoons (or 2/3 tablets), 9-12 years - 1 tablespoon (or 1 tablet). For children under 3 years of age, the drug is prescribed in doses based on the child’s body weight as prescribed by a doctor.
If diarrhea lasts more than 48 hours or is accompanied by fever (sharp rise in body temperature), consultation with a doctor is necessary.
Shake the gel before use.
Side effect. Darkening of the tongue and dark coloration of stool are possible.
Contraindications. Information about allergies to acetylsalicylic acid and other salicylates in the anamnesis (medical history).
The drug should be prescribed with caution to sick and breastfeeding women.
Use caution when prescribing the drug to patients taking anticoagulants, antidiabetic agents, or antigout agents.
Release form. Tablets containing 0.262 g of bismuth subsalicylate, in a package of 30 pieces. Gel in bottles of 237 ml (1 ml - 0.0175 g of bismuth subsalicylate).
Storage conditions. In a carefully sealed package, protected from light.
BISMUTH SUBCITRATE (Bismuth! subnitras)
Synonyms: Bisnol, Ventrisol, Tribimol, De-Nol, Biscolvdtrat, De-Noltal, Duozol, Ulzeron, Bizmat, etc.
Pharmachologic effect. An antiulcer agent with bactericidal (bacteria-destroying) activity against Helicobacter pylori - microorganisms, which, in some cases, apparently contribute to the occurrence of chronic gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa) and recurrent (recurrent) peptic ulcer.
In the acidic environment of the stomach and duodenum, it forms a protective film on the surface of ulcers and erosions (defects of the mucous membrane), which promotes their scarring, increases the resistance of the mucous membrane to the effects of pepsin (an enzyme that decomposes peptides and proteins), hydrochloric acid and enzymes. Increases the activity of cytoprotective (cell-protecting) mechanisms, increasing the synthesis of prostaglandin ei and the secretion (release) of bicarbonates.
Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. Exacerbation of gastroduodenitis (inflammation of the stomach and duodenum) in patients with peptic ulcer disease. Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining) caused by Helicobacter pylori.
Method of administration and dose. The drug is prescribed 1 tablet 3 times a day 30 minutes before breakfast, lunch and dinner and the 4th time before bedtime. Take the tablet with 1-2 sips of water (but not milk). Treatment is carried out for 4-6 weeks. If necessary, it can be extended to 8 weeks. After this, you should take a break for 8 weeks, during which you should not take other drugs containing bismuth.
If the Helicobacter pylori bacterium is detected in a patient, it is rational to combine treatment with the drug with oral administration of metronidazole 0.25 g 4 times a day for 10 days and/or amoxicillin 0.25 g 4 times a day for 10 days. In order to consolidate remission (temporary weakening or disappearance of disease manifestations) of diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori, as well as persistent sanitation (elimination and prevention of diseases) of the mucous membrane, it is advisable to carry out 3-4 two-week courses of antibacterial therapy (bismuth) during the first year
subcitrate + amoxicillin, or bismuth subcitrate + metronidazole, or bismuth subcitrate + furazolidone).
30 minutes before and after taking the drug, you should refrain from taking food, liquids and antacids (lowering stomach acidity).
The drug reduces the absorption of tetracycline.
When used together with other drugs containing bismuth, the risk of increasing the concentration of bismuth in the blood plasma increases.
Side effect. Nausea, vomiting, and more frequent bowel movements may occur. While taking the drug, stool may become dark in color, as well as a slight darkening of the tongue. With long-term use of the drug in high doses, the development of encephalopathy (brain diseases associated with the accumulation of bismuth in the central nervous system, characterized by its degenerative changes) is possible.
Contraindications. Severe renal dysfunction, pregnancy, breastfeeding. The drug is not prescribed to children.
Release form. Tablets of 0.12 g bismuth subcitrate.
Storage conditions. In tightly sealed packages, protected from light.
GASTROPHARM (Gastropharm)
Pharmachologic effect. A combined preparation containing dried bacterial bodies of Lactobacillus Bulgaricus and their metabolic products, protein (25-30%), sucrose. Stimulates regeneration (restoration) processes in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum, regulates the functions of the gastrointestinal tract.
Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute phase; chronic gastritis (inflammation of the stomach) in the acute phase.
Method of administration and dose. Prescribe 1-2 tablets orally 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals. If necessary, the dose is increased to 8-12 tablets per day. The course of treatment is 30 days.
Side effect. Not found.
Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Release form. Tablets in a package of 6 pieces.
Storage conditions. In a dry place.
DALARGIN (Dalarginum)
Pharmachologic effect. Of the pharmacological properties of dalargin, the most noteworthy are its antisecretory (suppressing the secretion of digestive juices) activity, the ability to accelerate the healing of stomach and duodenal ulcers, as well as its hypotensive (lowering blood pressure) effect.
Indications for use. The drug is recommended for use as a treatment for exacerbations of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
Dalargin is also used in the complex treatment of obliterating diseases of the lower extremities (diseases associated with impaired blood flow through the arteries of the lower extremities) and alcoholism.
Method of administration and dose. For gastric and duodenal ulcers, dallargin is prescribed intravenously or intramuscularly. Single dose 0.001 g (1 mg). It is administered intramuscularly in 1 ml, and intravenously in 5-10 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution. Intramuscular injections are given 2 times, and intravenous injections 1 time per day. If necessary, one-time
the dose is increased to 0.002 g (2 mg), daily (intramuscular) - to 5 mg. The course of treatment lasts 3-4 weeks. The total dose of the drug per course of treatment is 30-50 mg.
In case of severe pain symptoms, simultaneous administration of antacids (reducing stomach acidity) is possible.
A positive effect of dalargin (intravenous slow administration of 1 mg in 10 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution) on the mental functions of patients with alcoholism was also noted.
Injection solutions are prepared immediately before use.
Side effect. Dalargin injections are generally well tolerated; Possible reduction in blood pressure.
Contraindications. The drug should not be used during pregnancy and severe hypotension (low blood pressure).
Release form. Lyophilized (dehydrated by freezing in a vacuum) powder or porous mass in ampoules of 0.001 g (1 mg) in a package of 5 pieces.
Storage conditions. List B. In a dark place at a temperature not exceeding +20 °C.
FLACARBIN (Flacarbinum)
Pharmachologic effect. A combined drug that has an antispasmodic (relieves spasms), capillary-strengthening (strengthens the walls of the smallest blood vessels), anti-inflammatory effect.
Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.
Method of administration and dose. Inside, granules "/2 teaspoons 3 times a day before meals, washed down with "/2 glasses of warm water. Course - 3-4 weeks.
Side effects and contraindications. Not identified.
Release form. Granules in bottles of 100 g each. 100 g contain: lycurazide and quercetin - 2 g each, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and pectin - 10 g each, glucose - 76 g.
Storage conditions. In a dry place, protected from light.
Currently, enveloping drugs for the stomach are in great demand. Most of them can be bought at the pharmacy without a prescription. Stomach diseases are widespread and widespread. Millions of people suffer from gastritis and ulcers around the world. Among them are many children and teenagers. The list of these medicines is large. It includes herbal and synthetic drugs. It is known that the basis of acute and chronic gastritis, as well as gastric ulcers, is the damaging effect of various factors on the mucous membrane of the organ. Enveloping agents make it possible to create a protective film on the surface of the mucous membrane, thereby eliminating pain and protecting the organ itself. What drugs are most often used and for what diseases are coating agents indicated?
Characteristics of enveloping agents
Enveloping agents are distinguished by the fact that they contain special components that can react with water, forming suspensions or colloidal solutions.
- These substances are evenly distributed in the organ cavity, reducing the sensitivity of nerve endings. Taking gastric coating drugs is indicated for the following diseases and conditions:
- acute gastritis;
- chronic gastritis;
- peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
- inflammation of the pancreas;
- enteritis;
- colitis;
burns of the gastric mucosa.
- An interesting fact is that these products can be used externally. This is observed with burns, frostbite, and traumatic injuries to the skin. These medications and herbal remedies have the following therapeutic effects on the stomach and other organs of the gastrointestinal tract:
- enveloping;
- antiemetic;
- painkillers;
antidiarrheal.
Almost always, enveloping agents are combined with the use of antacids and proton pump blockers. This is observed in gastritis with increased acidity of gastric juice.
Classification of enveloping agents
- Today, pharmacies have a huge selection of these medications. You can use various herbal products. The peculiarity of all of them is that they do not enter the general bloodstream and completely enter the stomach. The list of enveloping products of plant (natural) origin includes:
- starch;
- flax seeds;
- liquorice root;
- oats;
- comfrey;
The simplest option is to use potato or corn starch. This product dissolves poorly in cold water, but in warm and hot water it forms an enveloping mixture (colloid). Starch can be taken internally or used as enemas. In the pharmacy chain, starch is sold in powder form. It must be stored in a dry place. Very often, flax seeds are used in the complex treatment of gastritis and ulcers. The seeds are consumed in the form of a mucilaginous solution. To prepare this mixture, you need to mix 1 part of seeds with 30 parts of hot water. The mixture should be drunk hot. Seeds are sold in packs. Doctors most often recommend the use of medications to treat stomach diseases. These include Almagel, Phosphalugel, Sucralfate, Vikair, aluminum hydroxide, magnesia and some others.
use of almagel
Very often, for gastritis or ulcers, doctors prescribe Almagel. It comes in several types: Almagel A, Almagel NEO. An analogue of this medicine is Maalox. This medication belongs to the group of antacid drugs that have an enveloping effect. Used as a suspension for oral administration. It helps to increase the pH content of the stomach cavity and forms a protective layer. Its advantage is that it does not produce carbon dioxide in the stomach, which is the cause of flatulence in patients. This drug has low toxicity. It does not have embryotoxic or teratogenic effects.
The therapeutic dose for treating the stomach is selected by the doctor. Immediately before taking the drug, it is advisable to shake the container thoroughly. This is necessary to obtain a homogeneous suspension. Almagel can be used for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. It is indicated for gastric ulcers, acute and chronic inflammation of the stomach with increased or normal secretion of gastric juice, as well as reflux esophagitis and inflammatory diseases of the small and large intestines. Contraindications include children under 1 month of age, Alzheimer's disease, renal failure, and individual intolerance to the drug.
Phosphalugel for stomach diseases
From the group of enveloping agents, Phosphalugel is very often used.
This medicine is a white gel for oral administration. It neutralizes acids and has an enveloping and adsorbing effect. The latter property is of great importance, as it helps remove toxic substances from the stomach cavity. This remedy can be used for food poisoning in order to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms. The medicine does not have a toxic effect, so it is suitable for adults, children, and pregnant women.
The drug has few side effects. These include bowel dysfunction (constipation). Phosphalugel is recommended to be taken for stomach ulcers, acute and chronic gastritis, damage to the organ mucosa due to alcohol poisoning or intoxication with acids or alkalis. The indication for its use is the presence of dyspeptic syndrome. This medicine is available without a doctor's prescription. Despite this, the drug is not recommended for long-term use without a doctor's prescription.
bismuth preparations
Bismuth-based preparations are very popular. These include bismuth nitrate itself, Vikair, Bismofalk, De-Nol and some others. The mechanism of action of bismuth nitrate is based on the ability to form chelate compounds with protein molecules. Result: formation of a protective coating. Bismuth preparations are indispensable in the treatment of stomach ulcers. Bismuth nitrate has an astringent, enveloping, slightly antiseptic effect. Bismuth salts can kill Helicobacter pylori.
The latter play an important role in the development of gastritis and peptic ulcers. Undesirable effects of this drug include the formation of methemoglobinemia. This happens with unreasonably long-term use of the drug.
The group of antiulcer drugs includes De-Nol. It is available in the form of tablets coated with a special coating. The main active ingredient in its composition is bismuth dicitrate. Like bismuth nitrate, it has a bactericidal effect. Other possible therapeutic effects include anti-inflammatory and astringent effects. The medicine is taken half an hour before meals. The dosage is determined by the doctor. You need to take the drug for a long time. The course of treatment ranges from 4 to 8 weeks. You should not take De-Nol during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Side effects include:
- dyspeptic disorders (nausea, vomiting, stool disorders);
- various allergic reactions;
- disturbances in the activity of the central nervous system.
Indications for use of De-Nol: gastric ulcers in the acute phase and chronic gastritis.
Combination drugs, which include Vikair, have a good effect. It contains magnesium carbonate and bismuth nitrate. The substances exhibit various therapeutic effects, enhancing the effect of the drug as a whole. Vikair should be taken one and a half to two hours after eating.
Today, Vikair is used in a complex treatment regimen for hyperacid gastritis and gastric ulcers. There are certain contraindications to the use of Vikaira. These include gastritis with low acidity, poor kidney function, appendicitis, inflammation of the small and large intestines, childhood and hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. Thus, treatment of stomach diseases should be comprehensive. There is no need to self-medicate, because acute stomach pathology can become chronic.
