1 cm3 of aluminum has a mass of 2.7. Specific gravity of aluminum

All metals have certain physical and mechanical properties, which, in fact, determine their specific gravity. To determine how suitable a particular alloy of ferrous or stainless steel is for production, the specific gravity of rolled metal is calculated. All metal products that have the same volume, but are made from different metals, for example, iron, brass or aluminum, have different mass, which is directly dependent on its volume. In other words, the ratio of the volume of the alloy to its mass - specific density (kg/m3) is a constant value that will be characteristic of a given substance. The density of the alloy is calculated using a special formula and is directly related to the calculation of the specific gravity of the metal.

The specific gravity of a metal is the ratio of the weight of a homogeneous body of this substance to the volume of the metal, i.e. this is density, in reference books it is measured in kg/m3 or g/cm3. From here you can calculate the formula for finding out the weight of a metal. To find this you need to multiply the reference density value by the volume.

The table shows the densities of non-ferrous metals and ferrous iron. The table is divided into groups of metals and alloys, where under each name the grade according to GOST and the corresponding density in g/cm3 are indicated, depending on the melting point. To determine the physical value of specific density in kg/m3, you need to multiply the tabulated value in g/cm3 by 1000. For example, this way you can find out what the density of iron is - 7850 kg/m3.

The most typical ferrous metal is iron. The density value of 7.85 g/cm3 can be considered the specific gravity of iron-based ferrous metal. Ferrous metals in the table include iron, manganese, titanium, nickel, chromium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, and ferrous alloys based on them, for example, stainless steel (density 7.7-8.0 g/cm3), black steel ( density 7.85 g/cm3) cast iron (density 7.0-7.3 g/cm3) is mainly used. The remaining metals are considered non-ferrous, as well as alloys based on them. Non-ferrous metals in the table include the following types:

− light - magnesium, aluminum;

− noble metals (precious) - platinum, gold, silver and semi-precious copper;

− low-melting metals – zinc, tin, lead.

Table. Specific gravity of metals, properties, metal designations, melting point
Name of metal, designation	Atomic weight	Melting point, °C	Specific gravity, g/cc
Zinc Zn (Zinc)	65,37	419,5	7,13
Aluminum Al	26,9815	659	2,69808
Lead Pb (Lead)	207,19	327,4	11,337
Tin Sn (Tin)	118,69	231,9	7,29
Copper Cu (Copper)	63,54	1083	8,96
Titanium Ti (Titanium)	47,90	1668	4,505
Nickel Ni (Nickel)	58,71	1455	8,91
Magnesium Mg (Magnesium)	24	650	1,74
Vanadium V	6	1900	6,11
Tungsten W (Wolframium)	184	3422	19,3
Chrome Cr (Chromium)	51,996	1765	7,19
Molybdenum Mo (Molybdaenum)	92	2622	10,22
Silver Ag (Argentum)	107,9	1000	10,5
Tantalum Ta (Tantal)	180	3269	16,65
Iron Fe (Iron)	55,85	1535	7,85
Gold Au (Aurum)	197	1095	19,32
Platinum Pt (Platina)	194,8	1760	21,45

When rolling non-ferrous metal blanks, it is also necessary to know exactly their chemical composition, since their physical properties depend on it.
For example, if aluminum contains impurities (even within 1%) of silicon or iron, then the plastic characteristics of such a metal will be much worse.
Another requirement for hot rolling of non-ferrous metals is extremely precise temperature control of the metal. For example, zinc requires a temperature of strictly 180 degrees when rolling - if it is slightly higher or slightly lower, the capricious metal will sharply lose its ductility.
Copper is more “loyal” to temperature (it can be rolled at 850 – 900 degrees), but it requires that the melting furnace must have an oxidizing (high oxygen content) atmosphere - otherwise it becomes brittle.

Table of specific gravity of metal alloys

The specific gravity of metals is most often determined in laboratory conditions, but in their pure form they are very rarely used in construction. Alloys of non-ferrous metals and alloys of ferrous metals, which according to their specific gravity are divided into light and heavy, are much more often used.

Light alloys are actively used by modern industry due to their high strength and good high-temperature mechanical properties. The main metals of such alloys are titanium, aluminum, magnesium and beryllium. But alloys based on magnesium and aluminum cannot be used in aggressive environments and at high temperatures.

Heavy alloys are based on copper, tin, zinc, and lead. Among the heavy alloys, bronze (an alloy of copper with aluminum, an alloy of copper with tin, manganese or iron) and brass (an alloy of zinc and copper) are used in many industries. Architectural parts and sanitary fittings are produced from these grades of alloys.

The reference table below shows the main quality characteristics and specific gravity of the most common metal alloys. The list provides data on the density of the main metal alloys at an ambient temperature of 20°C.

List of metal alloys	Density of alloys (kg/m3)
Admiralty Brass - Admiralty Brass (30% zinc, and 1% tin)	8525
Aluminum bronze - Aluminum Bronze (3-10% aluminum)	7700 - 8700
Babbitt - Antifriction metal	9130 -10600
Beryllium bronze (beryllium copper) - Beryllium Copper	8100 - 8250
Delta metal - Delta metal	8600
Yellow brass - Yellow Brass	8470
Phosphorous bronze - Bronze - phosphorous	8780 - 8920
Common bronzes - Bronze (8-14% Sn)	7400 - 8900
Inconel - Inconel	8497
Incoloy	8027
Wrought Iron	7750
Red brass (low zinc) - Red Brass	8746
Brass, casting - Brass - casting	8400 - 8700
Brass , rental - Brass - rolled and drawn	8430 - 8730
Lungs alloys aluminum - Light alloy based on Al	2560 - 2800
Lungs alloys magnesium - Light alloy based on Mg	1760 - 1870
Manganese Bronze	8359
Cupronickel - Cupronickel	8940
Monel	8360 - 8840
Stainless Steel	7480 - 8000
Nickel silver - Nickel silver	8400 - 8900
Solder 50% tin/50% lead - Solder 50/50 Sn Pb	8885
Light anti-friction alloy for casting bearings = matte containing 72-78% Cu - White metal	7100
Lead bronze, Bronze - lead	7700 - 8700
Carbon steel - Steel	7850
Hastelloy - Hastelloy	9245
Cast iron - Cast iron	6800 - 7800
Electrum (gold-silver alloy, 20% Au) - Electrum	8400 - 8900

The density of metals and alloys presented in the table will help you calculate the weight of the product. The method for calculating the mass of a part is to calculate its volume, which is then multiplied by the density of the material from which it is made. Density is the mass of one cubic centimeter or cubic meter of a metal or alloy. Mass values ​​calculated on a calculator using formulas may differ from real ones by several percent. This is not because the formulas are not accurate, but because in life everything is a little more complicated than in mathematics: right angles are not quite right, circles and spheres are not ideal, deformation of the workpiece during bending, embossing and hammering leads to unevenness of its thickness , and you can list a bunch more deviations from the ideal. The final blow to our desire for precision comes from grinding and polishing, which lead to unpredictable weight loss in the product. Therefore, the obtained values ​​should be treated as indicative.

Today, many complex structures and devices have been developed that use metals and their alloys with different properties. To use the most suitable alloy in a particular structure, designers select it in accordance with the requirements of strength, fluidity, elasticity, etc., as well as the stability of these characteristics in the required temperature range. Next, the required amount of metal that is required for the production of products from it is calculated. To do this, you need to make a calculation based on its specific gravity. This value is constant - this is one of the main characteristics of metals and alloys, practically coinciding with density. It is easy to calculate: you need to divide the weight (P) of a piece of solid metal by its volume (V). The resulting value is denoted γ, and it is measured in Newtons per cubic meter.

Specific gravity formula:

Based on the fact that weight is mass multiplied by the acceleration of gravity, we get the following:

Now about the units of measurement of specific gravity. The above Newtons per cubic meter are in the SI system. If the GHS metric system is used, then this value is measured in dynes per cubic centimeter. To indicate specific gravity in the MKSS system, the following unit is used: kilogram-force per cubic meter. Sometimes it is acceptable to use gram-force per cubic centimeter - this unit lies outside all metric systems. The basic relationships are as follows:

1 dyne/cm3 = 1.02 kg/m3 = 10 n/m3.

The higher the specific gravity value, the heavier the metal. For light aluminum this value is quite small - in SI units it is equal to 2.69808 g/cm3 (for example, for steel it is equal to 7.9 g/cm3). Aluminum, as well as its alloys, is in high demand today, and its production is constantly growing. After all, this is one of the few metals needed for industry, the supply of which is in the earth’s crust. Knowing the specific gravity of aluminum, you can calculate any product made from it. For this, there is a convenient metal calculator, or you can make the calculation manually by taking the specific gravity of the desired aluminum alloy from the table below.

However, it is important to take into account that this is the theoretical weight of rolled products, since the content of additives in the alloy is not strictly defined and can fluctuate within small limits, then the weight of rolled products of the same length, but from different manufacturers or batches may differ, of course this difference is small, but it is there.

Here are some calculation examples:

Example 1. Calculate the weight of A97 aluminum wire with a diameter of 4 mm and a length of 2100 meters.

Let us determine the cross-sectional area of ​​the circle S=πR 2 means S=3.1415 2 2 =12.56 cm 2

Let's determine the weight of rolled products knowing that the specific gravity of grade A97 = 2.71 g/cm 3

M=12.56·2.71·2100=71478.96 grams = 71.47 kg

Total wire weight 71.47 kg

Example 2. Calculate the weight of a circle made of AL8 aluminum with a diameter of 60 mm and a length of 150 cm in the amount of 24 pieces.

Let's determine the cross-sectional area of ​​the circle S=πR 2 means S=3.1415 3 2 =28.26 cm 2

Let's determine the weight of the rolled product knowing that the specific gravity of the AL8 grade = 2.55 g/cm 3

How much does 1 cube of aluminum, duralumin D 16, silumin weigh? Weight of 1 m3 of aluminum, duralumin, silver metal Al. The number of kilograms in 1 cubic meter of aluminum alloy, the number of tons in 1 cubic meter of duralumin alloy, kg in 1 m3 of aircraft. Bulk density of aluminum specific gravity of aluminum alloy duralumin D 16, winged metal Al.

What do we want to learn today? How much does 1 cube of aluminum, duralumin alloy weigh, the weight of 1 m3 of aluminum, silumin, silver metal Al? No problem, you can find out the number of kilograms or the number of tons at once, the mass of silver metal Al (the weight of one cubic meter of Duralumin D 16, the weight of one cube of Aircraft AB, the weight of one cubic meter of Duralumin, the weight of 1 m3 of silumin) are indicated in Table 1. If anyone interesting, you can skim the small text below and read some explanations. How is the amount of substance, material, liquid or gas we need measured? Except for those cases when it is possible to reduce the calculation of the required quantity to the counting of goods, products, elements in pieces (piece counting), it is easiest for us to determine the required quantity based on volume and weight (mass). In everyday life, the most common unit of volume measurement for us is 1 liter. However, the number of liters suitable for household calculations is not always an applicable way to determine the volume for business activities. In addition, liters in our country have not become a generally accepted “production” and trade unit for measuring volume. One cubic meter, or in its abbreviated version - one cube, turned out to be a fairly convenient and popular unit of volume for practical use. We are accustomed to measuring almost all substances, liquids, materials and even gases in cubic meters. It's really convenient. After all, their costs, prices, rates, consumption rates, tariffs, supply contracts are almost always tied to cubic meters (cubes), and much less often to liters. No less important for practical activities is knowledge of not only the volume, but also the weight (mass) of the substance occupying this volume: in this case we are talking about how much 1 cubic meter of aluminum alloy, winged metal Al weighs (1 cubic meter of duralumin D 16, 1 cubic meter , 1 m3 of air). Knowing the mass and volume gives us a fairly complete idea of ​​the amount of silumin. Site visitors, when asking how much 1 cube of duralumin or aluminum weighs, often indicate specific units of mass of the silver metal Al in which they would like to know the answer to the question. As we noticed, most often they want to know the weight of 1 cube of aluminum alloy (1 cubic meter of aircraft, 1 cubic meter of duralumin D 16, 1 m3 of duralumin alloy) in kilograms (kg) or tons (t). Essentially, you need kg/m3 or t/m3. These are closely related units that define the amount of silver metal Al. In principle, a fairly simple independent conversion of the weight (mass) of duralumin from tons to kilograms and vice versa is possible: from kilograms to tons. However, as practice has shown, for most site visitors a more convenient option would be to immediately find out how much kilogram 1 cubic (1 m3) of aluminum, duralumin alloy weighs, or how many tons 1 cubic (1 m3) of aluminum, silver metal Al weighs, without converting kilograms to tons or vice versa - the number of tons in kilograms per cubic meter (one cubic meter, one cubic meter, one m3). Therefore, in Table 1 we indicated how much 1 cubic meter of aluminum alloy weighs (1 cubic meter of duralumin, 1 cubic meter of aircraft) in kilograms (kg) and tons (t). Choose the table column that you need yourself. By the way, when we ask how much 1 cubic meter (1 m3) of duralumin alloy weighs, we mean the number of kilograms of silumin or the number of tons of aluminum. However, from a physical point of view, we are interested in the density of aluminum or the specific gravity of the silver metal Al. The mass of a unit volume or the amount of substance placed in a unit volume is the bulk density of duralumin or the specific gravity of aluminum. In this case bulk density of aluminum alloy and specific gravity of aluminum. The density of duralumin and the specific gravity of Avial AB (winged metal Al) in physics are usually measured not in kg/m3 or in tons/m3, but in grams per cubic centimeter: g/cm3. Therefore, in Table 1, the specific gravity of the aluminum alloy and the density of aluminum, duralumin, duralumin alloy (synonyms) are indicated in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3)

Table 1. How much does 1 cube of aluminum, duralumin alloy weigh, the weight of 1 m3 of aluminum - a winged metal. Bulk density of aluminum alloy and specific gravity of aluminum in g/cm3. How many kilograms are in a cube of duralumin, tons in 1 cubic meter of duralumin, kg in 1 cubic meter of silumin, tons in 1 m3 of silver metal Al.