Measles vaccination per year reaction. Measles vaccination: vaccination schedule and rules

In the list of so-called diseases there are many ailments that appear only once in a lifetime. Among them is also, which parents often underestimate. Meanwhile, this is a rather dangerous disease that affects the cells of the intestines, respiratory and even nervous system. To prevent such dangerous manifestations, it is “set” against measles. It will be useful to know exactly when to do it and how long immunity will last.

Characteristics and description

Remains the most effective way to protect children from measles. It is necessary before the age of 5 years, when the child’s body is weakened and susceptible to infection. This procedure is preventive in nature and practically eliminates the occurrence of this disease.

The main element of the vaccine is a live, but greatly weakened (attenuated) measles virus. It is safe both for and for others. Once in the body, such a component weakens its defenses for some time (up to 1 month). This is not scary: this provokes long-term immunity, which, after the mentioned period, reaches its long “peak”.

Important! Immunologists never tire of repeating that the loss of maternal antibodies by an infant must be replenished. If you do not get vaccinated in time, this “vacuum” can be instantly filled by dangerous bacteria.

Statistics suggest that the vaccine that protects against measles is effective in 98% of injections - cases where the vaccine does not work are considered extremely rare.

To do or not

Discussions on this matter do not subside, involving more and more parents and doctors in the discussion. As usual, opinions are divided - some support vaccination, while others are categorically against such events.

To understand this issue, let's listen to both sides.

For

Proponents of vaccinations usually make the following arguments:

• vaccination eliminates the risk of disease;
• immunity lasts for 25 years, with cases of shorter-term effects being rare;
• such compositions strengthen the baby’s body, which does not always receive the required quality of vitamins and compounds;
• the same remedy can eliminate the appearance of not only measles, but also mumps and rubella;
• finally, a child without such vaccination may simply not be accepted into kindergarten.

This is just a general list of factors that make the answer to the question of whether to give your child a “scheduled” measles vaccination a positive one. Do not forget that the foundations of health are laid already in infancy.

In turn, pediatricians agree with all these arguments, not forgetting to remind that the baby’s condition is also important, which can directly affect the effect of such a procedure.

Against

There are many opponents of vaccination who justify their refusal with the following arguments:

• it is dangerous due to possible complications;
• modern formulations often turn out to be low-quality “dummies”;
• most of the diseases for which vaccination is required are not that dangerous;
• The vaccination calendar approved by the Ministry of Health is very full, and instead of the expected effect, the baby’s body is only weakened by numerous injections.

Did you know? Vaccination played a significant role in the history of the Polish town of Rozwadow. During the war, two local doctors discovered that after inoculating with one of the dead bacteria, the typhus test gave a false positive result. Such injections were secretly given to more than 8,000 local residents. Having seen the test data, the Nazis thought that typhus was raging there, and tried to avoid the city.

The argument is solid, but let’s pay attention to how doctors look at these theses.

First, about the danger - any pediatrician will say that no drug guarantees absolute protection (this can be caused by any factors: from heredity and living conditions to the qualifications of the doctor who administers the injection).

About low-quality compounds. Yes, the number of “counterfeit” drugs remains large, but this does not mean that all vaccines are bad. Even the best drug can lose its abilities if not handled correctly. Example: the doctor opened the ampoule and set it aside, giving an injection an hour later (this time is enough for the effect to become half as strong).

The supposed harmlessness of measles is a dangerous myth: according to WHO, about 150 thousand unvaccinated people of all ages die from it every year.

But with the calendar everything is more complicated. The fact is that such injections really and truly weaken the body somewhat. The busy vaccination schedule only exacerbates this problem.

To avoid problems, parents are advised to consult with doctors in advance and wisely weigh all the benefits and possible risks. We will find out exactly when they are vaccinated against insidious measles.

When is vaccination carried out: timing

The optimal time for a planned injection is considered to be one year of age. This is where physiology comes into play: at this point, the protective antibodies received from the mother through the placenta disappear, and the child needs to strengthen his own immunity. 12-15 months of life will be the best time for this.

Important! Kindergartens and schools in which at least 95% of children are vaccinated (and in reality, and not “on paper”) are considered safe in terms of the epidemiological situation.

The procedure is repeated at 6 (less often at 7) years old, before school. This is necessary to form collective immunity and consolidate the effect of the first injection. The result is confirmed by an injection at 15-17 years of age.

But there are also exceptions. For example, if a child has never been vaccinated, this gap is filled after 6 years at the first opportunity (repeating at least six months later).

If the mother does not have immunity against measles, the scheme changes to this form: 9 months - the interval between 15 and 18 months - 6 years - 15 years.

Types of drugs

All drugs used are usually divided into mono- and polyvalent. This depends on their focus and composition: the former prevent one disease, while the latter can protect against two or even three diseases. Let's take a closer look at them.

Mono-vaccines

Actually, these are drugs against measles alone. Domestic doctors in most cases use the following means:

1. Live culture vaccine in dry form. It contains a very weakened measles virus strain L-16. Note that it significantly weakens the child’s sensitivity to tuberculin (reaction) - such a test will give an accurate result no earlier than 1.5 years after the injection.
2. "Ruwax." This is a French drug in powder form. The active ingredient is a Schwarz strain virus grown on a chicken embryo. For the first 2 weeks “after” you cannot use blood products or immunoglobulins - the serum can activate the strain. As for the tuberculin test, there is a nuance here: regardless of the child’s condition, the first time after the injection it will be consistently negative.

Did you know? Louis Pasteur, as of July 6, 1885 (it was then that he tested the rabies vaccine) ... did not have the right to treat people! He simply didn't have a license. To the credit of the authorities, they quickly assessed the significance of his discovery and finally gave the doctor the necessary papers.

If you ask the clinic what the planned measles vaccination is called, these are the formulations that will be named. Their effectiveness has been proven by experience.

True, the live vaccine cannot be used in mixture with other drugs (unlike Ruvax), and after it you have to give other injections - against mumps and rubella.

It is not surprising that parents, along with pediatricians, prefer products with a broader effect.

Combination vaccines

Most often offered trivaccines, protecting simultaneously from measles, rubella and mumps. The most widespread of them are:

1. English "Priorix". In appearance, it is a homogeneous transparent liquid without color, odor or impurities. The main ingredients are the already familiar Schwarz strain mixed with RIT 4385 (for mumps) and Wistar (rubella). It has a strong effect, so medical supervision is recommended for half an hour after the injection.
2. MMR II from the USA. The “rubella” and “mumps” components are the same as those of the previous drug. The Edmonston strain is designed to strengthen immunity against measles. Due to the powerful effect, simpler mono- or divalent formulations can be used for revaccination.

If there are concerns about the tolerability of such drugs, use divaccine domestic production (such as “measles-mumps”). The homogeneous mass of pinkish color includes strains grown on cells of quail embryos. Apart from the “dual” nature of the action, this will be the main difference from imported blanks.

Important! Be sure to check the expiration dates of medications indicated on the packages. For this group of drugs it is usually 1 year.

With the correct dosage, maximum immunity from measles is achieved after 3-4 weeks, from rubella with mumps - after a maximum of 7 (regardless of the name of the drug).

Where and how to give the injection

The injection is administered in only three ways:

• subcutaneously (under the shoulder blade);
• in the shoulder area (approximately on the border of its middle and upper third);
• less often - in the thigh.

Localization depends on the age of the child, the development of his muscles and the condition of the subcutaneous tissue layer. Infants are usually prescribed injections in the shoulder and thigh, while the shoulder blade is reserved for preschoolers.

Such procedures can only be performed in a clinic or accredited medical center. In this case, the product is used from a “fresh”, just opened ampoule.

Please note that the resulting solution should under no circumstances react with ether or alcohol (otherwise it will simply lose its protective abilities). It is also undesirable for the composition to get into the skin - it will slowly enter the bloodstream, which significantly reduces the effect of the vaccination.

One more point - such injections are never given in the buttock area.

Reaction to vaccination

The body will react to the introduction of strains. This is a completely natural process, which is taken by some to be the final consequences of manipulation, which is not entirely true. In order not to panic, you need to be able to distinguish a normal reaction from complications.

Norm

When doctors give the vaccine, they often warn parents about the manifestations that can be seen after the measles drug has already been administered.

Did you know? Routine measles vaccinations at age 1 officially became a “rule of good manners” in 1973. This Soviet norm, as you can see, is still applied today. Its introduction was preceded by a massive campaign against measles, which lasted for five years.

The following signs are considered normal:

1. Increase in temperature (from slight to high fever) within 24 hours after the injection or in the interval between 5-15 days. After holding on for 1-4 days, it subsides. You can knock it down with Ibuprofen or.
2. Slight deterioration in health. If lethargy or loss of appetite has become permanent, this is already a cause for concern.
3. Single short-term convulsions accompanied by an increase in temperature (fortunately, they are very rare).
4. A response to the trivaccine can also be the immediate appearance of a rash on days 6-15. It can cover the entire body or individual areas - arms, neck or face. It comes off on its own and also quickly.

Practice shows that in children with a pronounced allergic syndrome, any of these reactions can be detected on the very first day. In most cases, all these manifestations are simply not observed or disappear on their own.

But a smart pediatrician will not forget to mention the potential risks.

Possible complications

The first thing that comes to mind is various allergic manifestations. Their intensity can vary: from a slight exacerbation of an existing form to severe anaphylactic shock or extensive urticaria. They can be provoked by the action of , which are included in vaccines as excipients.

In addition, do not forget about complications such as:

• palpable pain in the abdomen (this is how chronic diseases remind you of themselves);
• persistent cramps accompanied by persistent fever or fever;
• encephalitis (its probability is 1 in a million);
• equally rare panencephalitis;
• myocarditis.

Don't forget about the unlikely but very unpleasant toxic shock.

Important! Do not forget to evaluate the sanitary condition of the office - an untidy environment will be a reason to refuse the injection.

Another side effect that can only be shown by blood test data is a sharp decrease in platelet content.

Contraindications for administering the vaccine

The doctor may not give the go-ahead for this procedure at all due to the presence of contraindications. Reasons for refusal may include:

• individual intolerance to vaccine components - antibiotics, aminoglycosides or proteins used;
• systemic reaction to any injection;
• malignant diseases of blood or tissue by type;
• presence of neoplasms;
• skin damage;
• immunodeficiency conditions (HIV or secondary diseases);
• any disease at the acute stage;
• recent injection of plasma or immunoglobulin (the injection can be given no earlier than after 2.5-3 months).

For revaccination, this factor is the severe reaction that was observed after the first vaccination.

Any of these conditions in itself is considered a direct contraindication to the use of the vaccine, regardless of its composition.

Measles vaccination: the opinion of Dr. Komarovsky

Even after studying the information on the Internet, many parents still do not decide for themselves the question of whether it is worth taking their child to the vaccination office. The famous pediatrician Evgeniy Komarovsky can bring final clarity.

His point of view practically repeats the opinion of all doctors: of course, such vaccination should be carried out, and preferably at the age of 1 year. He recommends using combined formulations like trivaccines at 15-18 months of life.

The famous doctor reminds that there is no need to be afraid of reactions to the injection - absolutely all vaccines cause them. Moreover, it can be administered even for ARVI or other not too “severe” diseases (if they are not accompanied by an increase in temperature and a noticeable deterioration in the baby’s condition). Contraindications are also noted: if the child has suffered a debilitating infectious disease such as viral hepatitis, then the injection is given only after recovery, which takes up to six months.

To ensure everything goes as smoothly as possible, the specialist also advises:

1. The day before, limit food intake - the procedure is much better tolerated on a light stomach.
2. Even earlier (3-4 days), try to minimize the baby’s contact with other children and people in general, especially if it’s a cold season.
3. When going to the clinic, do not overload your baby with extra clothes: by sweating, he will remove some of the water from the body, which will complicate the absorption of the drug.
4. While already in a medical facility, it is better to sit on the sidelines, limiting communication with others (it is possible that among them there are already infected people).

There is still a misconception among the population that measles is a mild disease, and a child must definitely get it. In not so distant times, there was even a tradition in families: as soon as one family member fell ill, healthy people began to come into close contact with him in order to also become infected. This idea is extremely erroneous and dangerous! Measles is far from a simple, harmless disease. From this article you will learn how the disease progresses, its symptoms and consequences, how many times in a person’s life they are vaccinated against measles and after what period of time.

How dangerous is measles?

Measles is a contagious disease transmitted by airborne droplets. It not only occurs in an acute form, but is also fraught with complications, severe damage to the eyes, the entire nervous system, and death is also possible. The biggest danger for children is considered to be a weakened immune system, which, at best, can result in otitis media or pneumonia. Although these diseases can end tragically for a particularly young child, in the vast majority of cases such complications are successfully managed these days.

It is considered more dangerous when the virus remains in the body after recovery, penetrating deep into the meninges. In these cases, severe, slowly progressive damage to both the brain and spinal cord (meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis) often develops.

How to treat measles?

Scientists have been trying for many years to find a method to combat this disease. And while it has not been completely overcome, the course of this disease can be improved to some extent and even prevented by administering the substance gamma globulin. But it is effective only if it is introduced into the body no later than the sixth day after contact with the sick person. In this case, although the infection has already occurred, the disease itself has not yet developed. It is very difficult to calculate this moment, because you may not even be aware of such contact. In addition, gamma globulin protects your child for only about three weeks, and then the protein structures of this substance disintegrate.

Preventing measles

A more effective protection and prevention of the disease at the moment is vaccination - the measles vaccine. Every adult should know how many times they do it. Vaccination is necessary for everyone without exception, especially children of preschool age, since they suffer the disease most severely.

Today, vaccines are produced of the highest quality, they are monovalent (from one component) and polyvalent (from several components), the latter, in addition to measles, prevent diseases such as rubella, mumps and chicken pox.

How many times should I be vaccinated against measles?

Everyone knows about the measles vaccination, how many times to do it and after what period of time. But few can answer this question. In different countries, the age for the first vaccination is determined differently, mainly due to the life expectancy of people, their immunity and the number of diseases. In any case, vaccination against measles reduces the risk of getting sick several dozen times, regardless of where a person lives. Everyone needs to know why the measles vaccination is so important, how many times it is given to children and adults, and what interval should be observed between vaccinations.

Measles vaccination: how many times is it given in Russia?

In Russia, it is mandatory to be vaccinated against measles. How many times to do depends on when 1 vaccination was done:

1. If at 9-12 months, then 4-5 vaccinations should be done (9 months, 15-18 months, 6 years, 15-17 years, 30 years). This is due to the fact that vaccination at 9 months forms immunity in babies by only 80-90% (at 1 year, immunization is 100%), so 10-20% of children need to be vaccinated again.
2. If at 1 year, there will be only 3-4 vaccinations (1 year, 6 years, 15-17 years, 30 years).

After vaccination, a fever may persist for 1-2 days or a slight malaise may occur. It should be remembered that at least six months must pass between vaccinations. Today, a pediatrician or therapist is obliged to explain what measles is, how many times they are vaccinated against this disease, and why it is necessary.

What to do if you or your child are faced with this disease?

It does not respond to the action of drugs, so even the strongest antibiotics cannot have any effect on it. The doctor prescribes medication treatment only in cases of complications.

The best and most important help in the fight against this disease will be proper care for the patient. The sun's rays have a deadly effect on microorganisms, and fresh air heals the body. Therefore, place the bed in a place illuminated by rays, but so that the light does not fall directly into the eyes. Ventilate the room more often and wipe the floor with a damp cloth daily. A child with measles often has festering eyes; all this remains in the form of dry crusts on the eyelids in the corners of the eyes. To alleviate the condition, rinse the patient’s eyes with warm water that has boiled for a few minutes. Cough and runny nose, which make breathing difficult, are very painful during illness, so the child must often be offered warm drinks.

What else do you need to know?

Feeding the patient deserves great attention. Appetite during illness will be reduced, so choose food that is light, nutritious and at the same time tasty and appetizing. There is no need to follow any diet, but it is advisable to include foods rich in vitamins in the menu. Also, do not force him to eat, but make sure that the child drinks more fruit juices, fruit drinks, and tea. After eating, you should rinse your mouth with boiled water. This will protect you from stomatitis, which is often a complication of measles.

Every adult today needs to know why the measles vaccine is needed, how many times it is given during life and after what period of time.

Today, vaccination against measles is carried out so thoroughly that people practically do not encounter the disease itself, unlike a couple of decades ago. It is worth noting that it is rare, but sometimes adults are also required to be vaccinated against measles, for example, if they had a medical discharge in childhood. It is imperative to get it, because if you do not get vaccinated against such serious diseases, the consequences can be very dire.

When to get the measles vaccine

Until what age are measles vaccinations given? There is a national schedule that provides for routine vaccination up to 35 years of age inclusive.

Under this program you can get vaccinated:

• Planned;
• At the request of the patient;
• At any first aid station;
• For free.

If a person is over 35 years old, vaccination is carried out on a paid basis. If a person over 35 has been in direct contact with someone who already has measles, then his vaccination is carried out immediately and free of charge at the expense of the state. The vaccine is given in two stages, with an interval of 90 days.

If a person was vaccinated once as a child, then it is not valid and re-vaccination is required according to the scheme described above.

You can find out how much the vaccine costs at any medical center, and the most important thing is that by scheduling a course of measles vaccinations, you can protect the body from encounters with mumps, rubella, and chickenpox. Temporary contraindications for vaccination include the presence of problems in the body such as an acute pathological process, infectious inflammation, infectious genesis, pregnancy, exacerbation of chronic diseases. It is strictly forbidden to vaccinate those who have a pronounced allergy to such components of the vaccine as chicken protein and aminoglycoside, as well as those who have oncology and immunodeficiency.

Do adults need a measles vaccine?

What is the danger if you do not vaccinate against measles specifically for an adult?

As soon as the virus enters the body, severe damage occurs to parts such as:

• Mucous membrane in the upper respiratory tract;
• Eyes;
• Lymph nodes.

As soon as the inflammatory process begins in the tissues, the virus spreads throughout the body through the circulatory system. The average incubation period is 10 days.

In the first days, the symptoms of measles can easily be confused with a cold, as sensations such as:

• Headache;
• Drowsiness;
• Loss of strength;
• Runny nose;
• Cough;
• Swelling of the eyelids;
• lacrimation;
• Swelling on the face.

On the third day, the temperature begins to rise to its maximum value, and it is simply impossible to bring it down. Next, whitish rashes begin to form on the mucous cavity on the cheeks. Then you can observe rashes over the entire surface of the skin on the body. For an adult, the danger is that if the disease is very difficult, it will lead to such consequences as: loss of hearing, vision, damage to the liver and kidneys, bronchitis, pneumonia, and reduced immunity. To be more precise, an adult, unlike a child, can spend not a couple of weeks on sick leave, but several months, and will require serious treatment and possibly in a hospital.

Measles and vaccination: when given to adults

If necessary, you can vaccinate an adult at any age, but it is important to remember that it, like any other drug, can cause side effects. As a rule, they occur even on the first dose of the drug.

When vaccinated against measles, the following effects can be observed::

• Lumps and swelling in the places where the injection was given;
• An increase in temperature that goes away on its own on the 4th day;
• Rash in some areas of the skin, accompanied by rhinitis, cough and runny nose;
• A fever that must be brought down, as it can interfere with the normal formation of immune defense against measles.

There are also complications of vaccination and these include the formation of such consequences as: convulsions, urticaria, encephalitis, pneumonia, myocarditis, anaphylactic shock, glomerulonephritis.

What is the measles vaccine called?

Today, both domestic and imported measles vaccines are used, which can simultaneously provide protection against disease.

Namely, from people like:

• Measles;
• Mumps;
• Rubella.

Domestic vaccines are multi-component vaccinations that can only prevent the formation of measles and mumps. The domestic vaccine does not have a commercial name and is most often secretly called Leningrad-3. The name comes from the fact that the antivirus was obtained by scientists from Leningrad, where they developed components that can improve the immunity of a person of any age.

In addition to domestically produced drugs, imported vaccines are also used. They are of excellent quality and are three-component, which allows you to vaccinate against three diseases at once. Due to the fact that one vaccination will be given, you will not have to worry about the occurrence of measles, rubella and mumps. The formation of immunity is carried out quickly and for life. The probability that the vaccination will not be beneficial is 0, however, provided that it was done according to the rules and not during the periods when medical clearance is required. In terms of effectiveness, both imported and domestic vaccines are exactly the same, and they have excellent reviews. Currently, the following vaccines are used in the Russian Federation: American-Dutch MMR-II; Belgian "Priorix"; British "Ervevax".

Once a deadly disease, measles has greatly reduced morbidity and mortality rates over the past decade. Since the beginning of 2010, child mortality from measles infection has decreased to several dozen cases per 1000. A similar result has been achieved through general vaccination - in Russia, measles vaccination is included in the National Vaccination Calendar at the age of 1 year and revaccination at the age of 6 is highly desirable years. There is no doubt about the need to follow the vaccination schedule. Despite the low mortality and morbidity rates, measles remains a rather dangerous and difficult to tolerate disease, with an upper temperature threshold of more than 41°C. Opponents of vaccination always try to cite possible complications after measles vaccination as a counterargument, but the likelihood of getting such a complication is disproportionate to the danger of the disease itself. After an illness or correct and successful vaccination, a person forever acquires almost one hundred percent immunity from measles.

A little about the disease

The once huge incidence of measles in childhood is explained by its high contagiousness (the ability of the disease to be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person). For measles, this figure varies from 75 to 100%, depending on many factors. Coupled with high susceptibility to the disease, this gives incredible rates of infection in the absence of vaccination. This infectious disease is quite acute and causes a lot of discomfort to the sick child and his parents. The incubation period of the disease lasts from 7 to 14 days (rarely up to 21). All symptoms begin to appear on the third day after the incubation period. Here are the signs by which measles can be diagnosed in a sick child:

• high temperature - increases gradually and at the highest point of the disease can reach 40–41 ° C;
• dry cough, runny nose, weakness;
• headache, photosensitivity;
• inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, or simply conjunctivitis;
• white rashes on the oral mucosa, in the area of ​​the molars (Belsky-Filatov-Koplik spots);
• measles rash or exanthema - the most obvious sign of measles, appears 3-4 days after the first symptoms of the disease in the form of red, connected rashes throughout the body.

The first symptoms of the disease are very similar to a common cold, with the exception of inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and rashes on the body. Therefore, parents who have not vaccinated their child against measles should definitely examine the mucous membrane of the mouth - on the inner surface of the cheeks (there should be no white rashes behind the molars). It is important to make sure that the child’s eyes are not watery or red.

It is very important at what age to vaccinate - when vaccination is done on schedule, it reduces the risk of consequences.

The severity of the disease depends largely on the treatment, care, as well as the general health of the sick child. Children under 5 years of age or with compromised immune systems are at high risk and can easily become ill. Older people and children do not get sick as often, but they suffer more severely. Measles poses a greater danger to persons 20 years of age and older who do not have immunity against this disease. For adults, the disease often promises unpleasant complications and is much more severe due to the specific characteristics of the virus. The list of possible complications includes: acute inflammation of the middle ear, loss of vision, laryngitis, hepatitis, encephalitis. In more than 80% of cases, mortality from measles occurs due to the development of severe pneumonia.

Prevention and vaccination

The only currently approved method of preventing measles is immunization - that is, developing immunity through vaccination. Measles vaccination is included in the national vaccination calendar for both the World Health Organization and Russia. Vaccination is carried out with a combined vaccine, which forms immunity against so-called childhood diseases: measles, rubella and mumps, and sometimes chickenpox. The vaccine is live, that is, it contains a weakened virus. In accordance with the vaccination calendar, measles vaccination is given at the age of 1 year and subsequently at the age of 6 years, but if necessary, it is permissible to postpone the vaccination period.

Before the vaccine is given, it is necessary to decide on the drug. By default, clinics in the Russian Federation use the domestic associated vaccine L-16, against measles, mumps and rubella. It has proven itself well during use, but imported vaccines MMP-II, Priorix, Ruvax are considered much more easily tolerated by the child’s body. Regardless of the choice of vaccine, the measles vaccine is given intramuscularly into the inner thigh. It is important to ensure that storage and preparation for injection are carried out correctly: the drug should be stored dry, separate from the injection solution. Storage temperature should not be higher than - 20 °C, out of exposure to sunlight. If the measles vaccine is kept at a temperature of more than 20 °C, the drug will lose half of its effectiveness within an hour.

Vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella is given twice: the first - at the age of one year, revaccination - at the age of 6 years. The repeated procedure is necessary because not all children develop lasting immunity after the first vaccination. More than 15% of babies remain at risk until revaccination. The timing of the vaccination is determined by the National Vaccination Calendar - this is an instruction that describes in detail the time and sequence of all vaccination procedures necessary for children. In case of temporary illness or weakened immunity of the child, it is necessary to postpone vaccination at least a month in advance (with entry into the vaccination card). You can reschedule the procedure as many times as you like. Efficiency will not suffer from this.

Contraindications and complications

Measles is a dangerous disease, but vaccination often has unpleasant consequences. Despite the fact that the measles vaccine is far from the most difficult to tolerate vaccination procedure, it has unpleasant consequences. First of all, this is a rise in body temperature from insignificant to almost 40 °C. In particularly acute reactions, it is accompanied by convulsions. When the measles vaccine goes through without complications, the fever subsides within a few days. About 5% of vaccinated children develop red measles rashes all over the body, much less obvious than with the disease, but similar in appearance and distribution. The rash may appear from the first to the fourteenth day after vaccination and lasts for several days.

After vaccination or during an illness with measles, the body experiences an acute deficiency of vitamin A. Be sure to replenish it with proper nutrition or injections.

A rare and dangerous case is an allergic reaction to such a common vaccine as the measles vaccine. It can manifest itself in three components of the domestic vaccine: chicken protein, neomycin or gelatin. If a child is allergic to any of these substances, the vaccine cannot be given. You should either try to choose a vaccine without the unwanted component, or refuse the vaccine completely. Otherwise, with intramuscular injection, the allergic reaction can be very strong, even leading to anaphylactic shock. You should definitely consult a doctor before the injection and study the child’s medical record.

In addition to the obvious but rare reactions, some time ago there were rumors about the negative impact of measles and mumps vaccinations on the central nervous system. It was stated (usually by people ignorant of medicine) about the possibility of a child developing autism, encephalitis, as well as many other pathologies of the nervous system and even intestinal dysfunction due to vaccination. However, ongoing studies, including the most modern ones, have shown a complete lack of connection with such complications. Imported or domestic vaccines in circulation are completely safe.

An important condition for any vaccination is the absence of contraindications. The measles-mumps-rubella vaccine also has contraindications. The instructions strictly prohibit measles vaccinations if:

• the child has a weakened immune system (diabetes mellitus, HIV and AIDS, severe chronic diseases, an internal organ transplant, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, a period of rehabilitation after a serious illness);
• the child is suffering from ARVI;
• an acute allergic reaction was observed after the last vaccination or there is evidence of an allergy in the medical record.

Should you get vaccinated?

For any parent, the priority is how to protect their children from dangerous viral diseases like measles. All modern vaccines, when carried out correctly, do not pose any danger to children, but the mortality rate from the disease itself is about 3%! If for some reason it is impossible to inject any drug against measles, you can deliberately infect the child with measles from peers in order to form natural immunity. When parents decide to take such a step, the procedure should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor, provide the child with proper care and treatment, and give an injection of immunoglobin and vitamin A. All this will reduce the risks of the disease to zero and will make it possible to worry much less about measles in the future! However, such procedures cannot be performed on children over 7–8 years old - this can be fraught with complications.

No matter how many opinions you may hear about vaccinations, remember that the consequences of the disease become more dangerous as the child ages. Therefore, vaccination against measles must be carried out on time, because it lasts a lifetime. Be sure to consult your doctor if for some reason your child cannot receive standard measles vaccination. Health to your children!

Vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella Measles vaccination for adults: necessity, indications Measles, rubella vaccination - information for parents to consider

Measles is a dangerous infection. It most often affects children under 5 years of age. You can become infected with a “childhood disease” at any age. Measles is especially dangerous for pregnant women and people with chronic pathologies.

And the probability of infection upon contact with a patient is 100%. In our country there is an annual increase in incidence. Therefore, doctors advise adults to do it without fail.

Mechanism of action and names of measles vaccines

The measles virus is very mobile and easily travels long distances. It is transmitted through the air or directly through contact with a sick person. First, the nasopharynx becomes infected, and then the entire body.

Only vaccination can prevent infection. Measles immunization has been carried out around the world for more than 50 years. How does it work?

Once inside, the measles virus induces a cellular immune response: the body immediately begins an “attack” on the hostile protein material, producing specific antibodies that eventually neutralize the virus, remaining in the blood for many years. There are monovalent (contain one type of antigen) or combined drugs (for several infections).

Measles immunization is carried out with live vaccines. This means that the virus in their composition is weakened in a special way (but not killed). Thus, it cannot infect the body, but is able to induce in it the amount of antibodies necessary for lasting immunity.

Live vaccines have their advantages:

• a small dose of antigens is required, since vaccine viruses independently replicate in the body;
• 1 dose is enough to form protective immunity;
• do not contain adjuvants;
• less .

The following are licensed and used in our country:

• (Russia). Protection guaranteed for 18 months;
• Divaccine( . This is a domestic development. Recommended for revaccination for the adult population;
• Priorix– 3-component drug (measles, ). British remedy. Made in Belgium. A high degree of purification determines low radiotogenicity;
• Ruwax(France). Single drug. The effect of the injection lasts up to 20 years;
• MMR II– 3-valent vaccine (). For routine and emergency immunization.

If simultaneous injections are intended, then the procedure is carried out with different syringes and in different areas of the body. When the injections are given more than once, the time interval between the live measles vaccine and the inactivated antihepatitis drug can be any.

How to vaccinate an adult against measles in a clinic?

Vaccines used in public clinics are usually domestically produced. More often these are single drugs, sometimes they are Divaccine. If the decision to immunize is made, you first need to go to the treatment room of the clinic at your place of residence.

There you will learn about the vaccination schedule. This is followed by a mandatory visit to a therapist.

After studying your medical history and performing an examination, the doctor will either make a positive decision for immunization or suggest additional examination. An ECG or x-ray may be needed.

All necessary procedures and tests must be carried out. If you have allergic reactions, notify your doctor. This is the only way to avoid negative post-injection symptoms. An important condition is to be healthy at the time of vaccination.

Mumps-measles vaccine (Divaccina)

Vaccination can be done in private clinics. Nowadays there are more and more such hospitals, so when choosing, you should definitely find out whether the commercial medical institution has a license to carry out such practices. Among the advantages of such vaccination is the procedure at home.

In large cities there are special immunological centers where vaccination is carried out by accredited specialized specialists.

How much do measles vaccines cost: price in pharmacies

Measles vaccination is free in government clinics. It makes sense to buy drugs at a pharmacy if you decide to do paid immunization.

The cost of vaccines varies slightly by region of the country and is (rub/dose):

• Cultured measles vaccine – 475-520;
• Divaccine (measles, mumps) 300-400;
• Priorix – 1000;
• Ruvax – 500;
• MMR II – 600.

To the cost of one injection, the price for a mandatory medical examination should be added. In a paid clinic, it (depending on the region and the pricing policy of the institution) will vary from 600 to 1000 rubles.

Is it possible to bathe and drink alcohol after vaccination?

Correct patient behavior after injection is an important condition for eliminating possible complications. As for water procedures after measles vaccination, they are not prohibited.

The main rule is clean water. For this reason, it is better not to swim in bodies of water for the first days after the procedure to avoid the risk of infection of the wound. Can I drink alcohol? To date, no negative connection between vaccination and alcohol has been established.

To help the body cope with the virus, do not weaken it by drinking alcohol.

Video on the topic

Should adults be vaccinated against measles? Doctor Komarovsky answers:

In recent years, our country has seen an unstable epidemiological picture. Therefore, measles vaccination for adults is required rather than recommended. The vaccines used are safe.

Choose domestic or imported drugs, they are equally effective. Do not be afraid of vaccination, it is not scary for an adult body. It would be much sadder to get seriously ill with measles and regret the missed opportunity to get vaccinated.