Presentation on the topic "Notes of a Hunter" by I. Turgenev
Preview:
To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
I.S. Turgenev "Khor and Kalinich". The diversity and complexity of the peasant characters in the story
According to his father, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev belonged to an old noble family, his mother, nee Lutovinova, was a wealthy landowner. On her estate, Spasskoye-Lutovinovo (Mtsensk district, Oryol province), the childhood years of the future writer passed, who early learned to have a subtle sense of nature and to hate serfdom. Origin of the writer It is difficult to imagine more dissimilar people than the parents of the future writer. Sergey Nikolaevich Varvara Petrovna 2
“Notes of a Hunter” Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev spent almost his entire life in Europe, only coming to Russia for a short time. However, he dedicated his best works to Russian people and Russian nature. In the 40-50s of the 19th century, the writer created several works, combined into one collection “Notes of a Hunter”. The themes of the stories in the collection are varied: here are descriptions of landowners oppressing serfs, and bright images of ordinary men who managed to maintain kindness and sincerity in inhuman conditions, and beliefs, fairy tales of the Russian people, and, of course, beautiful pictures of the nature of central Russia. In all the stories there is the same hero - Pyotr Petrovich, a nobleman from the village of Spasskoye. He talks about the incidents that happened to him during the hunt. Turgenev endowed his narrator with subtle observation, a special sense of beauty, which helps to convey various situations to the reader more accurately and colorfully. The collection brought the author wide fame. 3
Brief historical and literary information 1818 October 28 – birthday of I.S. Turgenev. 1847 January - the first story from the series “Notes of a Hunter” “Khor and Kalinich” was published. 1852 - “Notes of a Hunter” was published as a separate book, containing 25 stories and essays. 4
“Khor and Kalinich” “Yermolai and the miller’s wife” “Raspberry water” “District doctor” “My neighbor Radilov” “Ovsyannikov’s homestead” “Lgov” “Bezhin meadow” “Kasyan with the Beautiful Sword” “The mayor” “Office” “Biryuk” “ Two Landowners" "Lebedyan" "Death" "Singers" "Pyotr Petrovich Karataev" "Date" "Tatyana Borisovna and Her Nephew" "Hamlet of Shchigrovsky District" "Tchertop-hanov and Nedopyuskin" "The End of Chekrtophanov" "Living Relics" "Knocking" "Forest" and steppe" "Notes of a Hunter" 5
The main theme and idea of "Notes of a Hunter" Topic: depiction of the simple Russian people, serfs, assessment of their high spiritual and moral qualities, showing the moral impoverishment of the Russian nobility Idea: protest against serfdom 6
Trustee of the St. Petersburg educational district M.N. Musin-Pushkin burns “Notes of a Hunter” by I.S. Turgenev. Caricature by L. Waxel. 1852 7
8 Genre – story
Historical background By the beginning of the 19th century. There were two forms of serfdom: corvee and quitrent. Corvée is the free forced labor of a dependent peasant working with personal equipment on the farm of the land owner. Corvee work could include field work, carriage duties, construction and handicraft work, and wood cutting. Quirk is one of the duties of dependent peasants, which consists of paying tribute to the landowner in food or money. 9
10 Questions for discussion: How is the landowner Polutykin portrayed in the story? What meaning does the author’s assessment of “an excellent person” take on? At the end of the story, the phrase sounds: “Shoot your own black grouse and change the headman more often.” What assessment do you think Turgenev gives to the landowner through the mouth of a serf? How is Khor depicted in the story? What is the meaning of the narrator's comparison of Chorus and Socrates? Why doesn’t Khor want to free himself from serfdom?
11 Questions for discussion: What meaning does the phrase take on in the context of the story: “Peter the Great was primarily a Russian man, Russian precisely in his transformations. What’s good is what he likes, what’s reasonable is what you give him, but where it comes from is all the same to him”? Which principle predominates in the image of Khor - rational or sensual? Find the answer to the question in the text. Which episode of the story is depicted in P.P.’s illustration? Sokolov? What character traits do Khor show in his relationship with Kalinich?
12 Questions for discussion: What is Kalinich like in the story by I.S. Turgenev? How does landowner Polutykin speak about him? In contrast to Khoryu, Kalinich symbolizes the poetic side of the Russian national character. How does it manifest itself?
Turgenev shows a social conflict in the book, pits two national images against each other, two Russias - official, feudal, deadening life, on the one hand, and folk-peasant, living and poetic life, on the other. All heroes gravitate towards one of two poles - “dead” or “alive”. 13
In “Notes of a Hunter”, the image of Khor reflects a certain type of Russian national character, testifying to the viability of a rational, solid, businesslike principle. The image of Kalinich in “Notes of a Hunter” reveals a whole series of “free people” from the people: they cannot constantly live in the same place, doing the same thing. Two heroes - poetic and reasonable, representing different but complementary sides of the nature of the Russian person. This is a harmonious unity, this is a happy union in the Russian character of the social and the natural. Conclusions: “Notes of a Hunter.” "Khor and Kalinich." Artist P. Sokolov. 1890s 14
How does the narrator appear in “The Choir and Kalinich”? The narrator makes the characters sympathetic because he treats people with respect. He searches for the essence of what he saw and heard, comes to generalizations and conclusions, i.e. “explores” the life that interests him. 15 N.D. Dmitriev-Orenburgsky. Sketch "I.S. Turgenev on the hunt." 1879
16 Homework: 1. Comparative table “Khor and Kalinich” (determine the criteria yourself!!!) 2. Read the story “Singers” 3. Answer the questions on page 258 4. Retelling pp. 259-260, questions on p. 260-261.
Literary genera. Epic genres. Biography of the Turgenev family and the history of the creation of the series of stories “Notes of a Hunter.” Biography is a complex word of Greek origin: bios - life, graphe - I write, i.e. I set out in writing the life of the Turgenev family. I Morphological characteristics of a part of speech: function word (used for communication); coordinating conjunction. History is a polysemantic word that denotes an object in a broad sense: 1. 2. 3. 4. A set of facts and events relating to the past life of mankind. Reality is in its development, movement. Story, narration. Incident, incident, event. Educational: To get acquainted with the history of the Turgenev family and determine the connection between the writer’s family life and the creation of the series of stories “Notes of a Hunter.” Developmental: Learn to highlight the main thing when studying a topic. Educational: To cultivate persistence in achieving goals and the ability to defend one’s point of view. “The life of a clan, a family, a clan is deep, knotty, mysterious, and often scary.” I.A. Bunin "Sukhodol". “I could not breathe the same air, stay close to what I hated... In my eyes, this enemy had a certain image, bore a well-known name: this enemy was serfdom. Under this name I collected and concentrated everything that I decided to fight against to the end - which I vowed never to try on... This was my Hannibal oath.” I.S. Turgenev. “Until 1847, Mr. Turgenev, who began his career with poetry, did not have a definite physiognomy as a writer, and one can say that his fame in literature began with “Notes of a Hunter” ...” N.A. Nekrasov. “All of them (Turgenev’s stories) tell about serfs and represent not only a detailed psychological study, but even go so far as to idealize serfs, who in their moral qualities were superior to their heartless masters... The string of ideal and touching serfs passing through these stories, depicted the absurdity of slavery, causing the indignation of many influential people of that time.” V.V. Nabokov. Lesson plan. Spasskoye – Lutovinovo – the cradle of I.S. Turgenev. V.P. Turgeneva is a rich and very cruel landowner. Passion for I.S. Turgenev by hunting. “Notes of a Hunter” is the writer’s contribution to the liberation of Russian peasants from serfdom. Map of the Oryol region. Turgenev’s “Cradle” – Spasskoye – Lutovinovo. “When you are in Spassky, bow for me to the house, the garden, my young oak tree - bow to your homeland...” The main house of the estate. Entrance to the estate. Church of the Transfiguration. Family vault. Manor pond. Park. The main house is currently. Cabinet. Large living room. Varvara Petrovna Lutovinova (1787 -1850) “Orphans do not remain children for long. I myself was an orphan and I really felt my benefit before others... I didn’t have a mother; my mother was like a stepmother to me. She was married, other children, other connections. I was alone in the world." Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev. (1793-1834) Stolbovoy nobleman (the Turgenevs descended from the Tatar Murza Lev Turgen in 1440), a brilliant officer, a handsome man. Coats of arms of the Turgenevs and Lutovinovs. Serfdom. Serfdom (serfdom) is a form of feudal dependence of peasants on the landowner: attachment to the land and personal subordination to the feudal lord. Varvara Petrovna as a landowner In 1814, she became the sovereign mistress of Spassky Lutovinov and all other estates of her uncle I.I. Lutovinova, the owner of 5,000 serfs, thousands of acres of Oryol and Tula fertile lands. The house is almost a palace, with 40 rooms. Your own serf orchestra. Its own serf troupe. “Besides the singing of birds in the park and the exciting ringing of poetry, I also heard screams from the stables, knew who and why they had become soldiers, who was exiled to a distant village, who was torn to pieces again...” A fire on the estate in 1839 forced Varvara Petrovna to sell the troupe of serf performers, which, according to Mamin-Sibiryak, gave the foundation to the drama theater in Yekaterinburg. Portrait of Turgenev - a hunter. Turgenev fell in love with hunting before he became a writer, and gained literary fame thanks to hunting. Brief historical and literary information. 1818 October 28 – birthday of I. S. Turgenev. 1847 January - the first story from the series “Notes of a Hunter” “Khor and Kalinich” was published. 1852 - “Notes of a Hunter” was published as a separate book, which contains 25 stories and essays, one of which is the story “Bezhin Meadow”. Since 1847, Turgenev’s stories begin to appear in Nekrasov’s magazine “Sovremennik,” which the author later combines into a separate book and calls it “Notes of a Hunter.” “The author came to the people in a way that no one had ever come before” V.G. Belinsky. The cycle of stories as a genre concept (cyclization). Cyclization (from the Greek KYKLOS - “circle, wheel”) is the combination of a number of works on the basis of ideological and thematic similarity, common genre, place or time of action, images of characters, form of narrative style. The result of such a union is a cycle. “My essays are about the Russian people, the strangest and most amazing people there are in the world.” Contents of "Notes of a Hunter". “Khor and Kalinich” “Ermolai and the miller’s wife.” "Raspberry water" "County doctor." "My neighbor Radilov." "Ovsyannikov's One-Palace". "Lgov". "Bezhin Meadow" "Kasyan with a Beautiful Sword." "The mayor." "Office". "Biryuk" "Two landowners." "Swan". “Tatyana Borisovna and her nephew” “Death.” "Singers". "Peter Petrovich Karataev." "Date". "Hamlet of the Shchigrovsky district." "Tchertophanov and Nedopyuskin." "The End of Chekrtophanov." "Living Relics". "Knocks"! "Forest and steppe". The main theme and idea of “Notes of a Hunter” Theme. An image of the simple Russian people, serfs. Assessment of their high spiritual and moral qualities; showing the moral impoverishment of the Russian nobility. Idea. Protest against serfdom. Social significance of “Notes of a Hunter”. When serfdom was abolished, Emperor Alexander II “asked to tell Turgenev that “Notes...” played a big role in his decision to free the peasants,” and among the people this book was recognized as the best. Reviews of the story “Bezhin Meadow”. The success of the story lies in the fusion of the author's secular personality, the natural behavior of children and nature. “...The spontaneity of folk sincerity and enlightened culture.” Paul Geise. Composition and images of the story “Bezhin Meadow”. BEAUTIFUL LANDSCAPE OF CENTRAL RUSSIA HUNTER - STORYTELLER PEASANT CHILDREN Fedya Pavlusha Ilyusha Kostya Vanya Bezhin meadow. Modern Bezhin meadow
Slide 2
Epic genres.
NOVEL. STORY. STORY.
Slide 3
Biography of the Turgenev family and the history of the creation of the series of stories “Notes of a Hunter.”
Slide 4
Slide 5
Biography is a complex word of Greek origin: bios - life, graphe - I write, i.e. I set out in writing the life of the Turgenev family.
Slide 6
AND
Morphological characteristics of a part of speech: function word (used for communication); coordinating conjunction.
Slide 7
Story -
a polysemantic word denoting an object in a broad sense: A set of facts and events relating to the past life of mankind. Reality is in its development, movement. Story, narration. Incident, incident, event.
Slide 8
Educational: Get acquainted with the history of the Turgenev family and determine the connection between the writer’s family life and the creation of the series of stories “Notes of a Hunter.” Developmental: Learn to highlight the main thing when studying a topic. Educational: To cultivate persistence in achieving goals and the ability to defend one’s point of view. LESSON OBJECTIVES.
Slide 9
“The life of a clan, a family, a clan is deep, knotty, mysterious, and often scary.” I.A. Bunin "Sukhodol". “I could not breathe the same air, stay close to what I hated... In my eyes, this enemy had a certain image, bore a well-known name: this enemy was serfdom. Under this name I collected and concentrated everything that I decided to fight against to the end - which I vowed never to try on... This was my Hannibal oath.” I.S. Turgenev.
Slide 10
“Until 1847, Mr. Turgenev, who began his career with poetry, did not have a definite physiognomy as a writer, and one can say that his fame in literature began with “Notes of a Hunter” ...” N.A. Nekrasov. “All of them (Turgenev’s stories) tell about serfs and represent not only a detailed psychological study, but even go so far as to idealize serfs, who in their moral qualities were superior to their heartless masters... The string of ideal and touching serfs passing through these stories, depicted the absurdity of slavery, causing the indignation of many influential people of that time.” V.V. Nabokov.
Slide 11
Lesson plan.
Spasskoye – Lutovinovo – the cradle of I.S. Turgenev. V.P. Turgeneva is a rich and very cruel landowner. Passion for I.S. Turgenev by hunting. “Notes of a Hunter” is the writer’s contribution to the liberation of Russian peasants from serfdom.
Slide 12
Map of the Oryol region.
Slide 13
Turgenev’s “Cradle” - Spasskoye - Lutovinovo. “When you are in Spassky, bow from me to the house, the garden, my young oak tree - bow to your homeland...”
Slide 14
The main house of the estate.
Slide 15
Entrance to the estate.
Slide 16
Church of the Transfiguration.
Slide 17
Slide 18
Family vault.
Slide 19
Manor pond.
Slide 20
Park.
Slide 21
The main house is currently.
Slide 22
Cabinet.
Slide 23
Large living room.
Slide 24
Varvara Petrovna Lutovinova (1787 -1850)
“Orphans do not remain children for long. I myself was an orphan and I really felt my benefit before others... I didn’t have a mother; my mother was like a stepmother to me. She was married, other children, other connections. I was alone in the world."
Slide 25
Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev.(1793-1834)
Pillar nobleman (the Turgenevs descended from the Tatar Murza Lev Turgen in 1440), a brilliant officer, a handsome man.
Slide 26
Coats of arms of the Turgenevs and Lutovinovs.
Slide 27
Serfdom.
Serfdom (serfdom) is a form of feudal dependence of peasants on the landowner: attachment to the land and personal subordination to the feudal lord.
Slide 28
Varvara Petrovna as a landowner
In 1814, she became the sovereign mistress of Spassky-Lutovinov and all other estates of her uncle I.I. Lutovinova, the owner of 5,000 serfs, thousands of acres of Oryol and Tula fertile lands. The house is almost a palace, with 40 rooms. Your own serf orchestra. Its own serf troupe. “Besides the singing of birds in the park and the exciting ringing of poetry, I also heard screams from the stables, knew who and why they had become soldiers, who was exiled to a distant village, who was torn to pieces again...” A fire on the estate in 1839 forced Varvara Petrovna to sell the troupe of serf performers, which, according to Mamin-Sibiryak, gave the foundation to the drama theater in Yekaterinburg.
Slide 29
Portrait of Turgenev - a hunter.
Turgenev fell in love with hunting before he became a writer, and gained literary fame thanks to hunting.
Slide 30
Brief historical and literary information.
1818 October 28 – birthday of I. S. Turgenev. 1847 January - the first story from the series “Notes of a Hunter” “Khor and Kalinich” was published. 1852 - “Notes of a Hunter” was published as a separate book, which contains 25 stories and essays, one of which is the story “Bezhin Meadow”.
Slide 31
Since 1847, Turgenev’s stories begin to appear in Nekrasov’s magazine “Sovremennik,” which the author later combines into a separate book and calls it “Notes of a Hunter.”
Slide 32
The cycle of stories as a genre concept (cyclization).
Cyclization (from the Greek KYKLOS - “circle, wheel”) is the unification of a number of works based on ideological and thematic similarity, common genre, place or time of action, images of characters, form of narrative style. The result of such a union is a cycle.
Slide 33
“My essays are about the Russian people, the strangest and most amazing people there are in the world.”
Slide 34
“Khor and Kalinich” “Ermolai and the miller’s wife.” "Raspberry water" "County doctor." "My neighbor Radilov." "Ovsyannikov's One-Palace". "Lgov". "Bezhin Meadow" "Kasyan with a Beautiful Sword." "The mayor." "Office". "Biryuk" "Two landowners." "Swan". “Tatyana Borisovna and her nephew” “Death.” "Singers". "Peter Petrovich Karataev." "Date". "Hamlet of the Shchigrovsky district." "Tchertophanov and Nedopyuskin." "The End of Chekrtophanov." "Living Relics". "Knocks"! "Forest and steppe".
Slide 35
The main theme and idea of “Notes of a Hunter”
Subject. An image of the simple Russian people, serfs. Assessing their high spiritual and moral qualities; showing the moral impoverishment of the Russian nobility. Idea. Protest against serfdom.
Slide 36
Social significance of “Notes of a Hunter”.
When serfdom was abolished, Emperor Alexander II “asked to tell Turgenev that “Notes...” played a big role in his decision to free the peasants,” and among the people this book was recognized as the best.
Notes of a Hunter is a series of stories by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, published in the year. In the magazine "Interlocutor" published as a separate edition in 1852. Three stories were written and added by the author to the collection much later.
History In 1846, Nikolai Nekrasov and Ivan Panaev began publishing the magazine “Sovremennik” In January 1847, in the first issue of the updated magazine “Sovremennik”, which by this time was “ruled” by Nekrasov, Panaev and Belinsky in the secondary department “Mixture”, in small print , among notes on agronomic and economic topics, an essay from folk life “Khor and Kalinich” was published with the subtitle “From the Notes of a Hunter.” Apparently, neither the author nor the editors counted on resounding success and a series of sequels. However, it was with this story that Turgenev’s brilliant writing career began.
Turgenev took first place because he directed all the power of his high talent to the most painful place of the pre-reform public - serfdom. Encouraged by the great success of “Khorya and Kalinich,” he wrote a number of essays, which in 1852 were published under the general title “Notes of a Hunter.” The book was of great historical significance. There is direct evidence of the strong impression she made on the heir to the throne, the future liberator of the peasants.
Notes of a Hunter "Notes of a Hunter" includes essays, short stories, and short stories. Each individual essay or story is an independent, artistically complete work. But at the same time, the “notes” constitute a single cycle, distinguished by poetic integrity. The poetic integrity of “Notes of a Hunter” is achieved through the introduction of the image of the narrator and the presentation of a common problem in all essays and stories. The first essays from “Notes of a Hunter” were created by I. S. Turgenev during a period of close communication with V. G. Belinsky and N. A. Nekrasov, under their direct ideological influence.
“Khor and Kalinich” The story “Khor and Kalinich” begins the series “Notes of a Hunter.” This essay was published in the updated Sovremennik magazine, and with its publication Turgenev made a revolution in the artistic solution to the theme of the people. In two peasant characters, Turgenev presented the fundamental forces of the nation that determine its viability, the prospects for their further growth and formation. But further growth and development is impossible if serfdom exists, which has a detrimental effect not only on peasants, but also on nobles. Turgenev shows that this is a national evil. This problem is raised not only in “The Chorus and Kalinich”, but also in all other stories.
Characteristics of heroes. The ferret is one of the main characters of the story. He is a positive, practical person, an administrative head, a rationalist. Having settled in the swamp, Khor managed to get rich. He settled down, “accumulated some money,” got along with the master and other authorities, raised a large family, obedient and unanimous. Khor spoke little, chuckled to himself, he saw right through his master. Khor stood closer to people, to society, he was occupied with administrative and state issues. His knowledge was quite extensive, in its own way, but he could not read. Khor could not live without work, he was constantly doing something: either repairing a cart, propping up a fence, or revising harnesses. He lived in an estate that rose in the middle of the forest, in a cleared and developed clearing. This is how Khor appears before us...
Kalinich is also the main character of the story, but he is not at all like his friend Khor. Kalinich was one of the idealists, romantics, enthusiastic and dreamy people. He walked in bast shoes and managed to get by somehow. He once had a wife, whom he was afraid of, but had no children: Kalinich, unlike Khor, was in awe of his master, explained himself passionately, “although he did not sing like a nightingale, like a lively factory man.” Kalinich was gifted with such advantages that Khor himself recognized: “he charmed blood, fear, rabies, driving out worms; the bees were given to him, his hand was light.” Kalinich stood closer to nature, he was more touched by the descriptions of mountains and waterfalls than by administrative and government issues. He lived in a low hut and could not support the farm. He could read, sang well and played the balalaika
Only Khor and Kalinich liked music; it united them. Khor really loved the song “Share, you are mine, share!” and Kalinich knew this well. As soon as he starts playing, Khor begins to chime in with a plaintive voice. Here the theme of the musical talent of the Russian people manifests itself for the first time. This is how Kalinich appears before us. The story “Khor and Kalinich” in the series “Notes of a Hunter” reveals the inner strengths of Russian people, the prospects for their further growth and development, reveals their giftedness, talent, and their high spiritual qualities. Turgenev leads the reader to the idea that all “living Russia, not only peasants, but also nobles, should take part in the fight against the national enemy.
Place in creativity and problems. Turgenev's stories and essays cover many other aspects of Russian life of that time. “Notes of a Hunter,” in its themes and in its author’s vision of the world, was a kind of overture to Turgenev’s further work. In the poetic pictures of native nature, in the lyrical images of Russian women, in sketches of the life of the Russian landed nobility filled with Turgenev’s humor and irony, the future author of such stories as “Asya”, “First Love”, the novels “The Noble Nest”, “Fathers and Sons” was discerned. . In the stories “The Burmister” and “The Office”, Turgenev appears as a satirist, an exposer of the serf-owner landowners, and a continuer of Gogol’s work.
“Years of Turgenev’s life” - In 1841, he became close to Avdotya Ermolaevna Ivanova. Landscape helps to understand a person. There was a hubbub and a cry. VIII - Gagin's story. XXI - Let's go! Anna is grace, prettiness, and Anastasia (Asya) is born again. The nature of confession. History of the Gagin family. And finally, a meeting with Polina Viardot. The landscape is not just a backdrop against which events unfold.
“Turgenev as a writer” - Spasskoye-Lutovinovo. Watercolor by unknown artist. Guy De Maupassant. St. Petersburg, Volkovo Cemetery, “Literary Bridges”. Photo 1856. Sitting from left to right: I.A. Goncharov, I.S. Turgenev, A.V. Druzhinin, A.N. Ostrovsky. Bazarov. Lithograph by V. Timm. 1857. “On the Eve” 1860. “Fathers and Sons” 1862. “Smoke” 1867.
“The Life and Work of Turgenev” - Turgenev’s girls are similar in the main thing - in relation to the ideal of life. Youth. Creator of public opinion. The writer's mother. The image of Turgenev's girl was not motionless. The image of Turgenev's girl. Childhood. Having settled in Berlin, Turgenev diligently took up his studies. Writer's office. Turgenev's estate Spasskoye-Lutovinovo is the native nest of the great writer.
“Turgenev Notes of a Hunter” - Image of the simple Russian people, serfs. “The life of a clan, a family, a clan is deep, knotty, mysterious, and often scary.” Literary genera. Social significance of “Notes of a Hunter”. V.P. Turgeneva is a rich and very cruel landowner. Manor pond. The main house of the estate. Modern Bezhin meadow.
"I.S. Turgenev" - Portrait. What were your expectations? In Biryuk's hut. Analyze: What and why did you pay attention to before reading? Interior. Speech of heroes. BIRYUK Beast Lone wolf Unsociable, gloomy person. The story of I.S. Turgenev “Biryuk” The author’s deep interest in man. What would you like to know about Biryuk? (Write down your questions).
