Primary school: morphological analysis of words. Morphological analysis What does morphological analysis mean?

Morphological analysis of the word is a characteristic of a word as a part of speech. It includes a description of the meaning of the word, its grammatical features, and the role that the word plays in the sentence.

Each part of speech has its own order of morphological analysis.

Below are plans and samples of morphological analysis the following parts of speech:

noun,
adjective name,
adverbs.

Analysis of the remaining parts of the speech were previously published on Guenon. See links to relevant pages:

Morphological analysis of pronouns
Morphological analysis of the verb
Morphological analysis of the participle
Morphological analysis of gerunds
Morphological analysis of the preposition

Morphological analysis of a particle

Morphological analysis of the union

A. Morphological analysis of nouns

Plan for morphological analysis of a noun

I. Part of speech (noun). General grammatical meaning (indicates a feature of an object). The question answered by the noun in the given sentence.

II. Initial form (singular, nominative case). Morphological characteristics:

1) proper or common noun;

2) animate or inanimate;

3) gender (indicate if the noun is in singular form);

4) declination.

1) number;

2) case

III. Syntactic role in the sentence (which member of the sentence is the noun in this sentence: subject, predicate, object, attribute or adverbial).

Examples of morphological analysis of nouns

Klimov was traveling on a mail train.

Klimov

Noun, denotes an object, answers a question Who?
N. f. — Klimov, proper, animate, masculine, 2nd declension, in singular form, nominative case.
Subject.

(On) the train

Noun, denotes an object, answers a question (drove) what?
N. f. — train, common noun, inanimate, masculine, 2nd declension, singular, prepositional case.
Circumstance of the place.

B. Morphological analysis of adjectives

Plan for morphological analysis of the adjective

I. Part of speech (adjective). General grammatical meaning (indicates a feature of an object). The question answered by the adjective in the given sentence.

II. Initial form (masculine, singular, nominative case). Morphological characteristics:

1. Constant morphological characteristics:

rank by meaning (qualitative, relative or possessive).

2. Variable morphological characteristics:

1) only for qualitative adjectives:

a) degree of comparison (comparative or superlative),
b) full or short form;

2) for all adjectives:

b) gender (singular),

III. Syntactic role in the sentence (which member of the sentence is the adjective in this sentence: a modifier or a predicate, less often a subject).

Examples of morphological analysis of adjectives

After swimming we lay on the sand hot from the southern sun(Yu. Nagibin).

(On) hot (sand)

Adjective, denotes a characteristic of an object, answers a question (in the sand) which one?
N. f. — hot, qualitative, in full form, singular, masculine, prepositional case.
Definition.

(From) southern (sun)

Adjective, denotes a characteristic of an object, answers a question (from the sun) which one?
N. f. — southern, relative, singular, neuter, genitive case.
Definition.

B. Morphological analysis of adverbs

Plan for morphological analysis of the adverb

I. Part of speech (adverb). General grammatical meaning (denotes a sign of an action, a sign of a sign or a sign of an object). The question answered by the adverb in this sentence.

II. Initial form (unchangeable word). Constant morphological characteristics:

1) unchangeable word;

2) rank by meaning (adverb of place, time, manner of action, degree, condition, cause, purpose, effect or concession);

3) for qualitative adverbs - mark if used in comparative or superlative degree.

III. Role in the sentence (which member of the sentence is the adverb in this sentence: circumstance, less often predicate or definition).

Examples of morphological analysis of adverbs

Trofimov stepped forward and stood at attention.

Forward

Adverb, denotes a sign of action, answers a question (stepped) Where?
N. f. — forward, unchangeable word, adverb of place.
Circumstance of the place.

At attention

Adverb, denotes a sign of action, answers a question (frozen) How?
N. f. — at attention, an unchangeable word, an adverb of manner.
Circumstance of the course of action.

What does morphological analysis of a word mean?

Morphological analysis of the word- this is, first of all, identifying what parts of speech refers to the analyzed word. And then we will indicate all the signs of this part of speech.

For example:

Athlete's body tense to the extreme; he is ready to overcome the last obstacle.

Tensely - a special form of the verb Communion, initial form - tense, passive, perfective, past tense, short form, singular, neuter; compound nominal predicate.

The insinuating rustling of drops filled forest.

Filled up - verb, initial form - fill up, imperfect form, transitive, irrevocative, 1 conjugation, indicative mood, past tense, singular, neuter gender; simple verb predicate.

Morphological analysis is the analysis of a word as a part of speech (noun, adjective, verb, etc.).

Each word has its own morphological analysis, taking into account the peculiarities of its use. Each part of speech has its own special characteristics, as well as those common to all parts of speech. Morphological characteristics are also divided into permanent and non-permanent. During morphological analysis, the syntactic role in the sentence (subject, predicate, definition, object, adverbial) and the initial form of the word being analyzed are also necessarily indicated. There are permanent and non-constant morphological features.

General ones include gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular and plural).

A noun has such special features as declension and case. In addition, there are concepts of common noun and non-noun, animate and inanimate.

For an adjective, it is important first of all to determine what type (qualitative, relative or possessive) it belongs to. Qualitative adjectives can also be used in a short form and are morphologically parsed a little differently than full ones (they are not inflected and do not have a case).

The most difficult thing, for me personally, is the morphological analysis of verbs, participles and gerunds. You can figure this out by reading a textbook on the Russian language for grades 10-11; in addition, there is a lot of information on educational websites. There you can find a detailed description of the morphological features for each part of speech and all the features of morphological analysis.

In general, morphological analysis is not a very complicated thing. The only difficulty is remembering the signs and their features.

I hope I could help you.

there is a program on this website http://goldlit.ru/component/slog, you just need to enter a word and you will get all the necessary information, I use it to check children’s homework)

, fast

Enter any word, then click "parse". After this, you will receive an analysis in which the part of speech, case, gender, tense and everything else will be written. Because Since the parsing is carried out out of context, several parsing options may be offered, among which you will need to choose the correct one. The parsing is performed automatically by the computer, so sometimes there may be errors. Be careful, online analysis is intended to help, and not for thoughtless rewriting. Note about the letter Yo: do not replace it with E.

Press Ctrl+D to bookmark the service and use it in the future.

In order not to experience difficulties in the scheme morphological analysis words or in the order of parsing, you should not automatically remember the sequence and principle of parsing. It is most effective to focus on identifying the general features of parts of speech, and then move on to the specific features of this form. At the same time, the general parsing logic must be preserved. Parts of speech will also help you.

The following examples of morphological parsing will help you understand the pattern of parsing words in a sentence in the Russian language. However, it should be remembered that the presence of text is a prerequisite for correct parsing of parts of speech, because morphological parsing is a characteristic of a word (as a part of speech), taking into account the specifics of its use.

Let's consider examples morphological analysis.

Morphological analysis of a noun

initial form (in the nominative case, singular);
proper or common noun;
animate or inanimate;
declination
number;
case;
role in the sentence.

Noun(sample parsing):
Text: Babies love to drink milk.
Milk – noun, initial form – milk, common noun, inanimate, neuter, 2nd declension, accusative case, singular (no plural), direct object.

Adjective parsing plan

initial form – infinitive (nominative case, singular);
category (qualitative, relative or possessive);
short or complete (only about qualitative);
degree of comparison (qualitative only);
gender (singular only);
case;
number;
role in the sentence.

Adjective(sample parsing):
Text: Alyonushka collected a basket full of mushrooms.
Full – adjective, initial form – complete; qualitative: complete; in the positive (zero) degree of comparison, in the neuter gender, accusative case, is an object.

Numeral(order of parsing):

initial form (nominative case for quantitative, nominative case, singular, masculine for ordinal);
rank by value (quantitative, ordinal);
category by composition (simple, complex, composite);
case;
gender and number (for ordinal and some quantitative ones);
role in the sentence.

Numeral (sample parsing):
Text: Four days have flown by.
Four is a numeral, the initial form is four, quantitative, simple, in the nominative case, has no number and gender, is the subject.

Pronoun(order of parsing):

initial form (nominative case, singular, if modified by number and gender);
rank by value;
gender (if any);
case
number (if any);
role in the sentence.

Pronoun (sample parsing):
Text: Crystal raindrops dripped from her.
She - pronoun, initial form - she, personal, 3rd person, feminine, genitive case, singular, adverbial place.

Morphological analysis of the verb

infinitive (initial form);
returnable or non-returnable;
transitive or intransitive;
conjugation;
mood;
tense (for the indicative mood);
person (for present, future and imperative);
gender (for the past tense and conditional mood in the singular);
number;
role in the sentence.

Verb (parsing example):
Text: They told the truth without fear of condemnation.
They said - verb, initial form - say, irrevocative, intransitive, perfective, 1st conjugation, in the indicative mood, past tense, plural, is a predicate.

Communion(order of parsing):

initial form (nominative case, singular, masculine);
infinitive;
time;
returnable or non-returnable (for valid);
transitive or intransitive (for active);
full or short (for the passive);
gender (for singular);
case;
number;
role in the sentence.

Participle (sample parsing):
Text: I look at the falling leaves and feel sad.
Falling - participle, initial form - falling, from the verb to fall, imperfect form, present tense, irreversible, intransitive, feminine, accusative, singular, agreed definition.

Participle(order of parsing):

verb from which it is derived;
returnable or non-returnable;
transitive or intransitive;
role in the sentence.

Participle (sample parsing):

Text: When you go abroad, you feel sad about home.
Leaving – gerund, from the verb “to leave”, imperfect form, irrevocable, intransitive, adverbial manner of action.

Adverb(order of parsing):

category by meaning (attributive or adverbial);
degree of comparison (if any).

Adverb (parsing example):
Text: The sun rose higher and the clouds cleared.
Above is an adverb, adverbial of place, is an adverbial of place, comparative degree.

Video

Is there anything unclear? There is a good video on the topic for adjectives:

The order of analysis in your class may differ from the proposed one, so we advise you to check with your teacher about the requirements for analysis.

Everything for studying » Russian language » Morphological analysis of words with examples and online

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Link: https://site/russkij-yazyk/morfologicheskij-razbor-slova

§1. What is morphological analysis, what is its specificity?

Morphological analysis of the word- this is a complete grammatical characteristic of a given word form. During morphological analysis, it is important to be able to determine which part of speech a word belongs to, what constant and variable features it has, in what form it is used, and also what its role in the sentence is. Morphological analysis is carried out only for words presented in a specific sentence. This is important because In the Russian language, homonymy of forms and parts of speech is common. It is impossible to correctly characterize a word presented in isolation, without context.

§2. What you need to know and be able to do

Morphological analysis requires knowledge and skills.
Need to know:

what parts of speech are distinguished in Russian,
what are the morphological features of each part of speech,
what features are constant, unchangeable and characterize the entire word as a whole,
what features are unstable, variable, changeable and characterize this form of the word,
what syntactic role different parts of speech can play in a sentence.

You need to be able to:

determine which part of speech a word belongs to,
find its initial form,
identify constant features characteristic of the word as a whole (all its forms),
identify variable features inherent in the form of the word presented for parsing,
determine the syntactic role of a given word in a sentence.

§3. The order of parsing different parts of speech

Since parts of speech have different meanings, answer different questions, have different sets of constant and variable features, and can play different roles in a sentence, the parsing diagrams are given below for parts of speech.

Noun parsing scheme

2) Morphological characteristics:

a) constant:

common noun/proper noun
animate / inanimate
gender: m.b. / average /w.r. /general r
Declension: 1st declension / 2 folds /3 cl. /unselected/different

b) non-permanent:

number: unit /pl.
case: I.p. / R.p./ D.p. / V.p. / T.p./ P.p.

Note:

1) Designations:

General r. - common gender
Neskl. - inflexible
Various - indeclinable

2) Comment:
Number can be either a changeable or an unchangeable feature for nouns. For most nouns, number is a variable attribute, but there are nouns that are used only in singular form. or only in plural. h. They do not change by gender. For them, gender is a constant, unchangeable sign. Examples:
Units only :

in collective nouns. (children, youth)
in real nouns. (iron, milk, kefir)
in proper names (Pskov, Volga, Russia)

Only plural h.:

names of objects that have two parts (scissors, jeans)
in real nouns. (ink, cream)
in proper names (Alps, Kuriles)
in abstract nouns. (elections, debates)
in collective nouns. (sprouts)

Adjective parsing scheme

1) Part of speech. Initial form.

2) Morphological characteristics:

a) constant:

rank by meaning: qualitative/relative/possessive
for qualitative: degree of comparison: positive/comparative/excellent
for quality: full standard / short form

b) non-permanent:

number: plural / unit h
in units: gender: m.b./f.b./wed.b.
for full: case: I.p. / R.p. /D.p. / V.p. / etc. / P.p

3) Role in a sentence (shown by underlining), a question to determine the members of sentences

Note:

The degree of comparison and the full form are constant features for adjectives that do not have other forms. For example: pale red, dark blue.
For adjectives that have degrees of comparison and short forms, these features are considered unstable. For example: poor / poorer / poorest; poor / poor.

Number parsing scheme

1) Part of speech. Initial form.

2) Morphological characteristics:

a) constant:

rank by value: quantitative / ordinal
for quantitative: whole / fractional / collective
simple / compound

b) non-permanent:

case: I.p. / R.p. / D.p. / V.p. / T.p./ P.p.

3) Role in a sentence (shown by underlining), a question to determine the members of the sentence.

Note:

Gender in most numerals is a non-constant changeable sign, such as in ordinal numbers. But the words thousand, million, billion and for fractional numerals there is a constant sign: these words, having a gender sign, do not change according to gender.

Pronoun parsing scheme

1) Part of speech. Initial form.

2) Morphological characteristics:

a) constant:

what part of speech does the pronoun correspond to: with a noun (indicates an object and has
rank by meaning: personal / reflexive / possessive / demonstrative / attributive / interrogative / relative / indefinite / negative
for personal: face: 1 l./2 l. /3 l
for personal: number: units / plural
for personal: gender: m.b. / average / f.r.

b) non-permanent:

gender (if any): m.b. / average / f.r.
number (if any): units / plural
case (if any): I.p. / R.p. / D.p. / V.p. / T.p./ P.p.

3) Syntactic role in the sentence (shown by underlining), a question to determine the members of the sentence

Note:

It is traditionally believed that person, number and gender are constant features of personal pronouns. For other pronouns, number and gender are changeable features. The possessive pronouns his, her, and theirs do not have inconstant features.

Adverb parsing scheme

1) Part of speech. For comparative or superlative adverbs: initial form.

2) Morphological characteristics.

a) constant:

rank by value:
circumstantial: time, place, purpose, reason
definitive: measures and degrees, mode of action
nominative/pronominal

b) non-permanent:

for most adverbs there are no inconstant features
for adverbs formed from qualitative adjectives, degrees of comparison:

Note:

Some adverbs may not have all degrees of comparison. For example, the adverb of time further has only one comparative form. It must be indicated as a permanent feature.

Verb parsing scheme

1). Part of speech. Initial form.

2) Morphological characteristics:

a) constant:

transitivity: transitive/intransitive
Refundability: returnable / non-refundable
type: NE / NSV
conjugation: 1 conjugation / 2 references /unconjugated
for impersonal: impersonality

b) non-permanent:

for the indefinite form of the verb: no signs, indicate: n.f.ch.
mood: indicative / conditional / imperative
for indicative: tense: present / past / future
for present and bud. time will reveal. incl.: face: 1 l. / 2 l. /3 l.
for past time will reveal. incl. and conventional incl.: gender: b.b. / average /w.r.
number

3) Syntactic role in the sentence (shown by underlining), a question to determine the members of the sentence

Scheme for parsing the participle

1) Part of speech. Initial form.

2) Morphological characteristics:

a) constant:

type: NE / NSV
repayment: repayable / non-refundable
transitivity: transitive / intransitive
voice: active/passive
tense: present / past

b) non-permanent:

number: unit / plural
for units h.: gender: b.b. / average / f.r.
for full forms: case: I.p. / R.p. / D.p. / V.p. / T.p./ P.p.
for passive: form: full / short

3) Syntactic role in the sentence (shown by underlining), a question to determine the members of the sentence

Note:

There are two approaches to parsing participles, depending on the position in determining their status:
1) parsing participles as a special form of the verb,
2) parsing participles as an independent part of speech.

When parsing participles as verb forms indicated:
2) Morphological characteristics:

In addition to those indicated in the diagram, the type of verb conjugation is determined: 1 sp. / 2 references
time is defined as a non-constant sign

When parsing participles as parts of speech indicated:
1) Part of speech: participle, initial form - singular form, m.r., I.p. (like adjectives)
2) Morphological characteristics:

The constant signs indicate the signs characteristic of this participle as a whole (all its forms)
In non-constant signs, signs characteristic of this particular form of the participle are indicated.

Scheme for parsing participles

1) Part of speech.

2) Morphological characteristics:

a) constants: type

b) there are no non-permanent signs: unchangeable form

3) Syntactic role in the sentence (shown by underlining), a question to determine the members of the sentence

Note:

There are two approaches to the analysis of gerunds, determined by the position in determining their status:
1) parsing gerunds as a special form of the verb,
2) parsing gerunds as an independent part of speech.

When parsing participles as verb forms indicated:
1) Part of speech - verb, initial form - n.f.ch.
2) Morphological characteristics:

in addition to those indicated in the diagram, it is determined: transitivity, reflexivity, type of verb conjugation: 1 sp. / 2 references

When parsing gerunds as parts of speech indicated:
1) Part of speech: gerund, unchangeable part of speech;
2) Morphological characteristics: appearance.
Both interpretations are found in school textbooks, both are accepted as equally possible and do not affect the assessment of students' knowledge.

Morphological analysis can be difficult if you do not know the signs of parts of speech. Parts of speech are analyzed according to plan: the initial form of the word is determined, constant and unstable characteristics are considered point by point. Let's look at how to do morphological analysis for independent and auxiliary parts of speech.

How to do morphological analysis – noun

Beginning form – Im.p., units. for nouns.
We define a post. signs (proper or common noun, animate or inanimate, gender, declension).
Then non-fasting. signs (number, case).
We determine what syntactic role the word plays in the sentence.

How to do morphological analysis - adjective

We put it at the beginning. form I.p., units, m.r.

According to a constant criterion, adjectives are divided into qualitative, relative and possessive.

We determine whether our word belongs to one of the groups.

We find a non-post. signs:

Degree of comparison.
Long or short form.
Case (only for long form).
Number.
Gender (singular only).

We emphasize which part of the sentence our word is.

How to do morphological analysis - verb

We put the verb in such a form that it answers the question “What to do?” or “What should I do?” This initial form is also called the infinitive.
Fast. The characteristics of a verb are: aspect, conjugation, reflexivity, transitivity.
Non-post. signs: mood, tense, number, face.
We determine which member of the sentence is the verb.

How to do morphological analysis - other parts of speech

Morphological analysis of other parts of speech follows the same plan: first we put our word in the initial form, then we set the post. and non-fasting signs and finally determine the syntactic role. You need to know what characteristics certain parts of speech have:

Numeral. The initial form of the numeral is Im.p. or Im.p., singular, m.r.. To post. The characteristics include: rank by structure, rank by meaning. Non-constant: case, number (only for quantitative and ordinal numbers), gender (only in singular). It should be noted that the syntactic role of a numeral in a sentence is determined together with the noun to which it refers.
Pronoun. The initial form of a pronoun is determined depending on its category - I.p., singular, m.r (if any). To post. The characteristics of a pronoun include: rank and person (only for personal ones). To non-constant: case, gender (if any), number (if any).
Adverb. The adverb has such post. signs such as immutability and rank by value. Some adverbs exhibit an inconsistent feature - the degree of comparison, this also needs to be indicated.
Communion. Head.f. – I.p., singular, m.r.. Constant participles can be active or passive, perfect or imperfect, reflexive or non-reflexive, and also have a tense. Non-post. signs are form (full or short), case (only for full form), number, gender (only for singular).
Participle. The gerund has the following post. signs: immutability, appearance and recurrence.

Morphological analysis of auxiliary parts of speech follows the same pattern. Function words also have constant and inconstant characteristics, but are not members of the sentence.

Learn more about how to do morphological analysis using a noun as an example: