Acid reflux symptoms. Nutrition for acid reflux

Acid reflux - This is the process of throwing food from the stomach into the esophagus. There is an acidic environment in the stomach, and the gastric mucosa has a structure that protects itself from the effects of acids, but in the esophagus there is no such membrane, and acids irritate it, leading to inflammation, erosions, ulcers, with a feeling strong burning sensation which is called heartburn.

Acid Reflux Symptoms

Very often, people with acid reflux suffer not only from heartburn, pain in the chest, in the throat, and sometimes facial pain are common symptoms of reflux. If a person suffers from acid reflux long enough, the sphincter between the esophagus and stomach becomes very inflamed from constant irritation from the acid, and the person has great difficulty swallowing. solid food, passing through the inflamed sphincter, it further injures it.

As a rule, acid reflux into the esophagus occurs not only while awake, but also when a person takes horizontal position. Typically, when a person eats, the sphincter at the lower esophagus widens to allow food to pass through and then contracts to prevent the backflow of food. If the sphincter malfunctions, reverse reflux of food becomes possible, and as a result, the esophagus is damaged. There are many reasons besides this that contribute to acid reflux: overuse alcohol, smoking, fatty foods, caffeinated drinks, too large portions and a whole series concomitant diseases. Many people can control and get rid of heartburn by changing their lifestyle and eating habits. But in modern conditions You should not self-medicate; it is extremely important to consult a doctor in time so that the cause of reflux is identified and the correct treatment is prescribed.

If you have symptoms such as severe pain in the chest, vomiting, vomiting blood, black stools, difficulty eating and drinking, you should consult a doctor immediately. Any delay in this case can lead to dire consequences.

Acid Reflux Treatment

Typically, with proper care, all symptoms acid reflux can be minimized. It is necessary to follow the diet prescribed by your doctor and not eat 2-3 hours before bedtime. This reduces the level of acid in the stomach. You need to sleep with your head elevated top part bodies. Meals should be fractional, portions should be small, the time interval between them should be short. Fatty foods, foods containing acids such as citrus fruits, and caffeine should be avoided. You should avoid drinking alcohol and smoking, and avoid taking medications that stimulate acid reflux.

All drugs that can be purchased without a prescription at a pharmacy for heartburn must be treated with caution, as they have unnecessary side effects. That is, you cannot overeat uncontrollably, constantly suffer from heartburn and extinguish it with a pill. In the end, this will be very harmful, since such drugs do not cure the disease, but simply remove the symptoms. At the same time acid reflux will progress, the esophagus will erode, which can even lead to surgical intervention.

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Acid reflux

Acid reflux(also known as GERD), a condition where stomach acid backs up into the esophagus, is quite common. Get your esophagus irritated by acid, and you'll end up with a series of painful and lasting symptoms such as heartburn.

The sphincter, a ring of muscles at the top of the stomach, usually closes after food passes into the stomach and prevents food from returning. When not closed correctly, the sphincter allows the stomach's digestive juices to back up acid. And since the esophagus is not protected by a special lining against acids like the stomach, this acid causes a rather painful burning sensation there. There are a number of natural acid reflux treatment products that can eaily take care of this problem.

Symptoms of acid reflux

Acid reflux is a disease so many people are intimately familiar with. It is reported that more than 60 million people in America alone experience it at least once a month. Acid reflux is also known as GERD - gastroesophageal reflux disease and can be expressed in the following different ways: heartburn symptoms:

Heartburn(also known as acid dyspepsia) is characterized by discomfort and burning pain, moving from the stomach to the mid-abdomen and chest, sometimes even reaching the throat. Unlike its name, heartburn has nothing to do with the heart.

Other common acid reflux symptom, regurgitation, a pronounced sensation of acid backing up into the throat and sometimes even the mouth, producing belching a sour-bitter taste with vomiting of food particles from the stomach.

WITH a large number people heartburn accompanied by syndrome dyspepsia, which is general term for symptoms such as nausea after eating, burning, upper abdominal discomfort and pain, stomach fullness and flatulence.

National Institutes of Health What are other, less common symptoms of acid reflux:

– Cough or wheezing
– Difficulty swallowing
– Hiccups
– Hoarseness or changes in voice
-Regurgitation of food
– Sore throat

Acid reflux is considered very common and rarely causes serious complications, however, should not be ignored. Heartburn symptoms can be easily managed by simple measures such as occasional use of products natural acid reflux treatment and some lifestyle changes.

Causes of heartburn

, an abnormality of the stomach, is one of the most common causes of heartburn The disease is expressed in the advancement of the LES and the upper part of the stomach above the muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen (diaphragm). With a hernia hiatus Diaphragm The diaphragm fails to maintain its function of maintaining stomach acid, and the acid moves up into the esophagus, causing one or another symptom of acid reflux disease.

According to American Gastroenterological Association:

Hiatal hernia is pushing the stomach in chest cavity through a hole in the diaphragm.

While heartburn is not caused by a hiatal hernia, a hiatal hernia predisposes individuals to heartburn. Chronic heartburn may cause contraction of the esophagus, leading to a hiatal hernia. Hiatal hernias can occur in people of any age and are otherwise common healthy people age 50 and older.

Other causes of acid reflux disease are:

Lying on your back, immediately after eating, especially heavy ones 1
Overeating or eating too much food
Eating late at night
Fatty or spicy foods, as well as some other foods such as tomatoes, citrus fruits, chocolate, garlic, mint or onions
Drinks like tea, coffee, carbonated drinks and alcohol
Pregnancy
Some medications like ibuprofen, aspirin, blood pressure medications and some muscle relaxants.

Diagnosis of acid reflux

If your heartburn symptoms occur several times a week and medications are not available long lasting effect, it's time to turn to professional help. The expert can diagnose heartburn based on its symptoms, such as heartburn, especially if antacids, acid blocking medications, or lifestyle changes significantly reduce these symptoms.

If these measures lead to improvement and your acid reflux symptoms continue with the same frequency and severity, your doctor will likely order tests to evaluate the severity of your condition or to check for other problems. He may also recommend natural acid reflux treatment.

Treatment of heartburn

Is it true, heartburn treatment will not lead to absolute recovery, but a good acid reflux treatment can bring relief from acid reflux symptoms and help you manage them better.

Natural acid reflux treatment medication. These widely preferred natural acid reflux treatment products are available in a wide variety and can be easily purchased. Everyone can opt for a natural acid reflux treatment of their preference that better manages their heartburn symptoms.
Heartburn treatment medications. We recommend that acid reflux be treated by a doctor to avoid the more complex health conditions it can lead to if not treated correctly. Heartburn treatment medications work by dramatically reducing hydrochloric acid in the stomach, which makes digestion more difficult. Additionally, this reduction in stomach acid affects the stomach's defense mechanism, making it more susceptible to food poisoning and foodborne infections.
Surgery is last resort to treat heartburn if lifestyle and dietary changes or medications provide relief. However, there is no properly documented evidence of long-term effects surgical treatment acid reflux, and it still remains quite controversial.

If neglected, acid reflux can progress to more severe conditions ranging from dental problems and asthma to narrowing of the esophagus and esophageal cancer.

American Institute for Cancer Research warns:

Long-term, frequent heartburn can damage the esophagus, causing scar tissue to form. It may also lead to changes in the cells themselves, which increase the risk of developing esophageal cancer.

Natural Acid Reflux Treatment

Chemicals are not the best option for the treatment of heartburn. Natural Acid Reflux Treatment- together with drinking about a liter of filtered water per day, detoxification diet, quality probiotics in high doses- gives better and more reliable results in most cases, restoring the stomach to function at its maximum.

Continuous use of natural acid reflux treatments will be of great help in restoring the balance of hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes. As a result, your acid reflux symptoms (eg heartburn, sleep disturbances, nausea, etc.) will be reduced or even eliminated.

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Prevent acid reflux

With more people, heartburn symptoms subside with certain natural acid reflux treatments and changes made to their diet. This is possible for prevent heartburn If you consume foods that cause heartburn, avoid those that are known to cause it.

What a relief it would be if there was such a thing as an anti reflux diet, but unfortunately there is no such thing because different people can react to various ways the same food. Drinking milk before bed is usually considered beneficial prevent heartburn, and milk has a proven rebound effect, encouraging acid secretion rather than inhibiting it.

Consume more water every day to prevent heartburn. This will improve your overall health, in addition to helping to dilute stomach acids and minimize heartburn symptoms. It is also recommended to drink a herb or two of water after meals.

Heartburn discomfort can be successfully relieved by natural acid reflux treatments such as chamomile or dill tea, both of which are renowned for their soothing effects on acid reflux symptoms.

Figures and facts

Epidemiological data indicate that 15–20% of adults in developed countries experience symptoms of the disease at least once a week. In countries Western Europe and the United States, 40–50% of people experience heartburn all the time. In Russia, 63.6% of women and 61.7% of men complain of GERD, with 15.1% and 10.3% of them, respectively, experiencing symptoms often or constantly. The incidence of GERD is steadily increasing. The cost of antisecretory therapy for GERD alone in the world is estimated at $3 billion per year.

When to see a doctor

Some patients can manage reflux on their own with lifestyle changes or over-the-counter medications. But if the symptoms become more pronounced and lasting and you cannot control them on your own, you should still visit a doctor.

You should consult a doctor immediately if:

there is difficulty swallowing or a feeling that food is getting stuck on the way into the stomach;
a person loses weight without trying to do so;
there was pain behind the sternum;
a person chokes while eating;
had an episode of vomiting blood, stools that were bloody, black, or tarry.

If your child has symptoms of GERD, he should be taken to the doctor. There is no need to give children medications on their own. In children similar symptoms may be caused by a number of other disorders. It is very important to consult your doctor before starting treatment.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnosis of GERD usually based on clinical picture and a positive response to treatment. Often the doctor will prescribe a trial treatment without additional research. If the diagnosis is unclear or there is a suspicion of more serious illness, doctors resort to tests.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) - endoscopic examination used to examine the esophagus. A thin flexible tube is inserted through the esophagus into the stomach and then into the small intestine. The tube is equipped with a light source and a video camera, with the help of which an image is transmitted to the monitor screen. During the examination, the doctor sees damaged areas of the mucous membrane and can take a small sample damaged tissue(biopsy) to determine the cause of the damage.
24-hour esophageal pH testing - primarily used to determine frequency acid reflux(return of stomach contents into the esophagus). It is usually used when the diagnosis remains unclear after endoscopy and trial treatment. The study is also informative if the patient continues to experience symptoms during treatment. For this study gastrointestinal tract is administered to the patient through the nose thin probe, which does not interfere with eating, drinking, talking.
Esophageal manometry - the patient swallows a thin, flexible tube that measures pressure during muscle contractions of the esophagus. Using this method, the location of the lower esophageal sphincter can be determined and its function can be assessed. This study is performed to verify the diagnosis and before surgical treatment GERD.

Treatment of the disease

You can relieve the symptoms of GERD yourself by:

lose weight (if you are overweight);
raise the head of the bed by 12–15 cm;
avoid foods that increase the severity of symptoms (coffee, chocolate, alcohol, mint, carbonated drinks, fatty foods);
reduce the consumption of alcoholic beverages (especially carbonated ones);
stop smoking;
Do not go to bed for 1–2 hours after eating.

There are several main groups of drugs that help cope with symptoms: antacids, alginates, histamine H2 receptor blockers and inhibitors proton pump. All of them reduce acid production in the stomach. But their mechanisms of action are different.

In the background increased acidity stomach or for a number of physiological reasons, acid reflux may develop - a disease accompanied sour belching, hiccups, bad taste in the mouth. In the absence timely treatment, which consists in following a diet and proper nutrition, the disease can lead to serious damage to the mucous membranes of the esophagus and other negative consequences.

What is acid reflux

Involuntary reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus is called acid reflux (other names include gastroesophageal reflux disease, heartburn, reflux esophagitis). This process occurs due to a disruption in the mechanism of the gastroesophageal valve (lower esophageal sphincter), which performs the function of allowing chewed food into the stomach on the one hand, and prevents the possibility of acidic contents getting back into the esophagus, on the other.

This section of the digestive canal is not protected by a special epithelium, so esophageal reflux can lead to damage to the pharynx or vocal cords, cause pain and discomfort. Prolonged contact of the mucous membranes of the esophagus with the acidic gastric environment containing digestive enzymes can contribute to the development of inflammation.

Gastroesophageal reflux in some cases is normal physiological phenomenon– if it occurs immediately after eating, it does not cause discomfort and occurs with low frequency. With an increase in the number of refluxes throughout the day, especially at night, lengthening the duration of episodes, the appearance of a burning sensation in the throat, a sour or bitter taste in the mouth, we can talk about the development of gastroesophageal disease.

Lack of timely treatment for reflux leads to an increased risk of diseases such as stomach ulcers, esophageal cancer, and Barrett's disease. In the early stages, in most cases it is not required drug treatment– you just need to comply correct mode food, a certain diet, refuse bad habits and consumption of certain foods. In advanced cases, after visual inspection The gastroenterologist prescribes endoscopy or x-ray of the esophagus, pH-metry, measurement of pressure and the degree of closure of the gastroesophageal valve.

Causes of acid reflux

Gastric reflux can develop due to physiological reasons, be accompanying symptom some diseases digestive tract or as a consequence of regular abuse of foods that cause an increase in the acidity of the stomach. Doctors consider the main causes of reflux to be:

congenital anatomical features esophageal sphincter;
regular overeating Not proper nutrition;
overweight, obesity;
low level digestive enzymes in gastric juice;
diaphragmatic hernia;
peptic ulcer stomach or duodenum;
bronchial asthma or others chronic diseases accompanied by a regular cough that weakens the esophageal sphincter;
regularly taking oral pain medications or antibiotics;
smoking, abuse alcoholic drinks;
pregnancy (especially during later or when multiple pregnancy when the pressure of a greatly increased uterus on the internal organs of the abdominal cavity increases)

Acid Reflux Symptoms

At the beginning of the development of the disease, attacks of heartburn (both after meals and independently of them), belching, accompanied by entry into the esophagus and oral cavity stomach contents. Many patients complain of nausea, frequent hiccups, burning or hot feeling in the throat. Other symptoms of reflux include:

difficulty swallowing (dysphagia);
difficulty passing food through the esophagus;
feeling of bloating in epigastric region;
bleeding;
chest pain (in the areas of the esophagus);
erosion of mucous membranes and damage to tooth enamel;
coughing attacks;
hoarseness (if the vocal cords are damaged).

Diagnostics

Experts diagnose gastric reflux or esophageal reflux based on a survey of the patient to identify all the symptoms and based on the results of a number of modern diagnostic procedures. Endoscopy can detect erosive lesions, ulcers or inflammation in lower section digestive canal. Tests are carried out to assess the condition of the walls of the esophagus (by x-ray examination with contrast agent) and their contractility (manometry).

The degree of acidity is determined gastric juice. If necessary, the pressure and degree of closure of the gastroesophageal valve are measured. In a number of severe, advanced cases, the patient is additionally prescribed a biopsy to assess the degree of damage to the mucous membranes and the risks of developing malignant degeneration of damaged tissues. Accurate diagnosis helps determine the severity of the disease and select an appropriate treatment regimen.

Treatment of gastric reflux

Early stages The development of the disease, as a rule, does not require medication. The same applies to reflux that develops during pregnancy. Therapy consists of following a diet that excludes a number of foods and, if necessary, aimed at weight loss, changing the diet (for example, reducing portion sizes while increasing the frequency of meals), quitting smoking, alcohol and cigarettes. Recommended to avoid tight clothes and raise the head of the bed by 10-15 cm. In advanced cases, drug therapy is prescribed.

Nutritional Features

To reduce the burden on the digestive tract when diagnosed with acid reflux, you should eat small portions, often, at regular intervals (every 4 hours). The last meal should be taken no later than two hours before bedtime. Avoid foods that aggravate symptoms from the diet - chocolate, coffee, fermented milk products, citrus fruits, sour juices, spices, alcohol, fatty, fried and spicy food. The diet includes antioxidant foods that reduce the acidity of gastric juice, preventing further damage to the mucous membranes:

orange vegetables and fruits containing antacids: persimmons, apricots, pumpkin, sweet pepper;
avocado;
broccoli;
bananas, potatoes and other foods containing potassium;
leafy greens(parsley, basil, spinach);
nuts (almonds, pistachios, walnuts);
berries (blueberries, blackberries);
lean chicken, turkey;
beef;
lean fish;
cereals (millet, rice, rolled oats);
bread made from whole grain flour.

Drug therapy

Medicines are prescribed by the attending physician based on the patient’s complaints and condition, depending on the goals drug therapy. The following medications are used to treat reflux: pharmacological groups:

Antacids, the action of which is aimed at reducing or neutralizing the acidity of gastric juice and relieving the main symptoms (Tams, Rennie).
H2 blockers histamine receptors to reduce the production of hydrochloric acid (Famotidine, Ranitidine, Cimetidine).
Inhibitors proton pump- blockers of acid synthesis in the stomach (Omeprazole).

Treatment with folk remedies

Folk remedies help relieve reflux symptoms. It is better to coordinate their use with your doctor, because most methods have contraindications and side effects. Towards effective folk remedies Treatments include baking soda, chamomile decoction and aloe juice. You can use one of the following recipes:

For prevention: powder from basil and fennel leaves. licorice and coriander root. The crushed ingredients are mixed in equal proportions, take 0.5 tsp. before meals with water.
To relieve an attack: dissolve 0.5 tsp in a glass of cold low-fat milk. chopped dried green cardamom and dill. Drink in small sips.
During the course of treatment: infusion of ground oats (1 tablespoon oats infused in 100 ml warm water for half an hour). Take in the morning on an empty stomach for 2 weeks.
Apple cider vinegar for prevention: add a few drops to the finished dish or dilute with 1 tsp. in 100 ml of water and drink after the onset of the attack.
Freshly squeezed carrots, potatoes or pumpkin juice for prevention: taken on an empty stomach, 150 ml every morning, for 14-18 days.
Flax seed powder for prevention: 1 tsp. crushed flaxseeds on an empty stomach for 2 weeks.

Video

Today, many people are interested in the question of what acid reflux is. Unfortunately, this disorder is considered quite common. So why does it happen? What symptoms does it accompany? Which effective methods are there treatments?

What is acid reflux?

Severe heartburn, chest pain - many patients turn to the doctor with these complaints. And after examination and diagnosis, many patients have additional questions about what acid reflux is.

It's no secret that the presence there creates an acidic environment. Gastric juice is aggressive for the esophagus. Therefore, normally these two sections are delimited by the lower esophageal sphincter, which ensures the unidirectional movement of food masses.

In some cases, there is a violation of the normal tone of the sphincter. As a result, the reverse reflux of food from the stomach into the esophagus is possible. This is how the condition known in medicine as esophageal-gastric reflux, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, develops.

Main causes of violation

In most cases the reasons similar violation are pathological changes stomach and esophagus. In addition, the same symptoms are accompanied. In some cases, reverse reflux of gastric contents into the lumen of the esophagus is associated with neurological diseases.

On the other hand, there are some risk factors, the presence of which increases the likelihood of developing acid reflux. First of all, to the list possible reasons it is worth turning on the wrong diet. For example, quite often reflux is associated with constant overeating, which causes overstretching of the stomach walls. Negative at work digestive system Affected by heavy consumption of food at night, the habit of lying down after eating, as well as the abuse of foods such as tomatoes, garlic, chocolate, citrus fruits, onions, spicy, fatty and fried foods. Naturally, obesity is also a risk factor.

Statistics show that today many pregnant women are interested in the question of what acid reflux is. After all, the growing fetus causes displacement internal organs, which often leads to the return of food. Smoking and alcohol abuse are also risk factors. In some cases, reflux develops while taking muscle relaxants, as well as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Acid reflux: symptoms

Of course, gastric juice has an extremely aggressive effect on the walls of the esophagus, damaging them, which leads to unpleasant sensations. The main symptoms of reflux include persistent heartburn, as well as a feeling of acidity or bitterness in the mouth. Many patients also complain of a feeling of heat and discomfort along the esophagus. Patients often experience attacks of nausea and hiccups.

Due to power problems, it is possible sudden loss weight. Violated normal process swallowing liquid and solid food. Patients often report abdominal bloating and unpleasant belching. The presence of melena or black stool indicates bleeding from the walls of the esophagus. Because of constant heartburn are developing chronic pain in the throat. Signs of reflux also include a dry cough and shortness of breath.

Modern diagnostic methods

Of course, at the slightest deterioration in health, you should consult a specialist. Only a doctor can diagnose acid reflux. The patient’s symptoms and complaints should suggest the presence of such a disorder, but in the future it is necessary accurate diagnosis, which will help determine the severity of the disease, the cause of its development and the extent of damage to the digestive tract.

In particular, endoscopy of the esophagus and stomach is performed first. During the examination, you can notice the presence of inflammation and erosive areas in the lower part of the esophagus. Subsequently, its manometry is performed, which makes it possible to assess the contractility of its wall. It is also important to determine the acidity of gastric juice. using contrast agent(barium suspension) makes it possible to assess the condition of the walls of the esophagus. In some cases, the patient is additionally prescribed a biopsy. Such a study helps to assess the extent of the lesion, determine the presence of infection of the damaged areas, and also calculate the risk of malignant tissue degeneration.

What treatments are used?

Of course, only a doctor can diagnose acid reflux. Treatment in this case is selected individually depending on the causes and severity of the patient’s condition, as well as the degree of damage to the walls of the esophagus.

First of all, the doctor will prescribe drugs that neutralize the effects of hydrochloric acid. In particular, patients take antacid medications for heartburn (Alugastrin, Gasterin, Rennie, Tums), which help relieve the main symptoms. In addition, histamine receptor antagonists are used in treatment, which block the processes of hydrochloric acid secretion by stomach cells. In particular, the drugs Ranitidine, Cimetidine, Lafutidine and some others are considered quite effective. Sometimes patients are recommended to take medications that normalize the motility of the digestive tract, for example, Motilium, Motilak, Cerucal and some others.

In addition to the medications, proper nutrition is included. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to eliminate acid reflux with the help of medications and diet. Treatment in particularly severe cases is carried out surgically. For example, some patients are indicated for fundoplication, a plastic correction of the gastric inlet. In the presence of a diaphragmatic hernia, surgery is performed to suturing the esophageal opening.

Proper nutrition for reflux

Of course, a diet for reflux is extremely important, as it helps relieve the main symptoms and normalize the functioning of the digestive system. First of all, patients are advised to eat more often, but in small portions. The last meal should be no later than three hours before bedtime.

You should exclude coffee, chocolate, spices, spicy, fried and fatty foods, as well as overly acidic foods. Apricots, peaches and pumpkin, which have natural antacid properties, will have a positive effect on the functioning of the stomach. Honey, baked tomatoes and bananas reduce the acidity of gastric juice. The menu should include cereals, in particular rice, oats, and millet. It's better to give preference low-fat varieties meat (chicken, turkey, rabbit) and fish. By the way, it is advisable to cook them by steaming or in the oven.