Einstein was a heavy smoker. Biography of Albert Einstein
Biography and episodes of life Albert Einstein. When born and died Albert Einstein, memorable places and dates of important events in his life. Quotes from a theoretical physicist, photos and videos.
Years of life of Albert Einstein:
born March 14, 1879, died April 18, 1955
Epitaph
“You are the god of the most paradoxical theories!
I want to find something wonderful too...
Let there be death - let us believe a priori! -
The beginning of the highest form of being."
From a poem by Vadim Rozov in memory of Einstein
Biography
Albert Einstein is one of the most famous physicists of recent centuries. In his biography, Einstein made a number of great discoveries and revolutionized scientific thinking. His scientific path was not simple, just as Albert Einstein’s personal life was not simple, but he left behind a huge legacy that still gives food for thought to modern scientists.
He was born into a simple, poor Jewish family. As a child, Einstein did not like school, so he preferred to study at home, which gave rise to some gaps in his education (for example, he wrote with errors), as well as many myths that Einstein was a stupid student. Thus, when Einstein entered the Polytechnic in Zurich, he received excellent marks in mathematics, but failed exams in botany and French, so he had to study at school for some more time before enrolling again. Studying at the Polytechnic was easy for him, and there he met his future wife Mileva, to whom some biographers attributed Einstein’s merits. Their first child was born before marriage; what happened to the girl next is unknown. She may have died in infancy or been given away to foster care. However, Einstein could not be called a man suited for marriage. All his life he devoted himself entirely to science.
After graduating from university, Einstein got a job at a patent office in Bern, writing many scientific publications during his work - and in his free time, since he coped with his work responsibilities very quickly. In 1905, Einstein first put down on paper his thoughts on his future theory of relativity, which states that the laws of physics should have the same form in any frame of reference.
For many years, Einstein taught at European universities and worked on his scientific ideas. He stopped conducting regular classes at universities in 1914, and a year later he published the final version of the theory of relativity. But, contrary to popular belief, Einstein received the Nobel Prize not for it, but for the “photoelectric effect.” Einstein lived in Germany from 1914 to 1933, but with the rise of fascism in the country he was forced to immigrate to America, where he remained until his death - he worked at the Institute for Advanced Study, searching for a theory about a single equation from which the phenomena of gravity could be extracted and electromagnetism, but these studies were unsuccessful. He spent the last years of his life with his wife Elsa Löwenthal, his cousin, and the children from his wife’s first marriage, whom he adopted.
Einstein's death occurred on the night of April 18, 1955 in Princeton. The cause of Einstein's death was an aortic aneurysm. Before his death, Einstein forbade any pompous farewells to his body and asked that the time and place of his burial not be disclosed. Therefore, Albert Einstein's funeral took place without any publicity, only his close friends were present. Einstein's grave does not exist, as his body was burned in a crematorium and his ashes were scattered.
Life line
March 14, 1879 Date of birth of Albert Einstein.
1880 Moving to Munich.
1893 Moving to Switzerland.
1895 Studying at school in Aarau.
1896 Admission to the Zurich Polytechnic (now ETH Zurich).
1902 Entering the Federal Patent Office for Inventions in Bern, father's death.
January 6, 1903 Marriage to Mileva Maric, birth of daughter Lieserl, whose fate is unknown.
1904 Birth of Einstein's son, Hans Albert.
1905 First discoveries.
1906 Obtaining a Doctor of Science degree in physics.
1909 Obtaining a position as a professor at the University of Zurich.
1910 Birth of Eduard Einstein's son.
1911 Einstein headed the department of physics at the German University of Prague (now Charles University).
1914 Return to Germany.
February 1919 Divorce from Mileva Maric.
June 1919 Marriage to Else Löwenthal.
1921 Receiving the Nobel Prize.
1933 Moving to the USA.
December 20, 1936 Date of death of Einstein's wife, Elsa Löwenthal.
April 18, 1955 Date of death of Einstein.
April 19, 1955 Einstein's funeral.
Memorable places
1. Monument to Einstein in Ulm on the site of the house in which he was born.
2. Albert Einstein House Museum in Bern, in the house where the scientist lived in 1903-1905. and where his theory of relativity was born.
3. Einstein's house in 1909-1911. in Zurich.
4. Einstein's house in 1912-1914. in Zurich.
5. Einstein's house in 1918-1933. in Berlin.
6. Einstein's house in 1933-1955. in Princeton.
7. ETH Zurich (formerly Zurich Polytechnic), where Einstein studied.
8. University of Zurich, where Einstein taught in 1909-1911.
9. Charles University (formerly the German University), where Einstein taught.
10. Memorial plaque to Einstein in Prague, on the house where he visited while teaching at the German University in Prague.
11. Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, where Einstein worked after immigrating to the United States.
12. Monument to Albert Einstein in Washington, USA.
13. The crematorium of the Ewing Cemetery Cemetery, where Einstein's body was burned.
Episodes of life
Once, at a social reception, Einstein met Hollywood actress Marilyn Monroe. Flirtingly, she said: “If we had a child, he would inherit my beauty and your intelligence. That would be wonderful." To which the scientist ironically remarked: “What if he turns out to be handsome, like me, and smart, like you?” Nevertheless, the scientist and the actress were bound by mutual sympathy and respect for a long time, which even gave rise to many rumors about their love affair.
Einstein was a fan of Chaplin and adored his films. One day he wrote a letter to his idol with the words: “Your film “Gold Rush” is understood by everyone in the world, and I am sure that you will become a great man! Einstein." To which the great actor and director replied: “I admire you even more. Nobody in the world understands your theory of relativity, but you still became a great man! Chaplin." Chaplin and Einstein became close friends; the scientist often hosted the actor at his home.
Einstein once said: “If two percent of the young people in a country refuse military service, the government will not be able to resist them, and there will simply not be enough space in prisons.” This spawned an entire anti-war movement among young Americans who wore badges on their chests that read “2%.”
Dying, Einstein spoke a few words in German, but the American nurse could not understand or remember them. Despite the fact that Einstein lived for many years in America, he claimed that he did not speak English well, and German remained his native language.
Covenant
“Caring for man and his fate should be the main goal in science. Never forget this among your drawings and equations.”
“Only life that is lived for people is valuable.”
Documentary about Albert Einstein
Condolences
“Humanity will always be indebted to Einstein for eliminating the limitations of our worldview that were associated with primitive ideas of absolute space and time.”
Niels Bohr, Danish theoretical physicist, Nobel Prize winner
“If Einstein had not existed, physics of the 20th century would have been different. This cannot be said about any other scientist... He occupied a position in public life that is unlikely to be occupied by another scientist in the future. No one, in fact, knows why, but he entered the public consciousness of the whole world, becoming a living symbol of science and the ruler of the thoughts of the twentieth century. Einstein was the most noble man we have ever met."
Charles Percy Snow, English writer, physicist
“There was always a kind of magical purity about him, at once childlike and infinitely stubborn.”
Robert Oppenheimer, American theoretical physicist
Albert Einstein (German: Albert Einstein 1879─1955) is a brilliant theoretical physicist, one of the founders of modern theoretical physics, awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. Author of over 300 scientific papers, in which he described developed physical theories, including general and special theories of relativity, quantum theory, light scattering theory and a number of others. Einstein predicted gravitational waves and “quantum teleportation” and studied the problem of a unified field theory.
His discoveries underlie most modern technologies: lasers, photocells, fiber optics, astronautics, nuclear energy and much more owe their appearance to the great physicist. Einstein consistently acted as a pacifist against the use of nuclear weapons and for world peace.
Childhood and youth
Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in the German city of Ulm in the family of Hermann Einstein and Paulina Koch. The ancestry of both parents went back to Jewish merchants who lived for two centuries in the Swabian lands. The father of the future physicist was engaged in business, but soon after the birth of his son he went broke. This forced the family to move to Munich to live with Hermann's younger brother Jacob. Here, in 1881, Albert’s younger sister Maria, who was always called Maya in the family, was born.
In early childhood, Albert avoided noisy games with peers, preferring to do solitary activities - building houses of cards, solving puzzles, moving a toy steam engine. This is how he made his first discoveries that will forever remain in his life. One of the key moments of Einstein's childhood was a seemingly ordinary gift from his father - a compass. But this device brought the boy into an indescribable thrill from the realization of what unknown force controls the compass needles.
The son received one symbolic gift from his mother, who had a musical education. She taught him to play the violin, which would become a real inspiration for the physicist. It is the violin that will help Albert solve the riddles of the theory of relativity. As his son Hans Albert later recalled: “When it seemed to him that he had reached a dead end, he went into music and solved his problems there.”. Einstein especially liked Mozart's sonatas, which he performed with pleasure himself.
At the age of six, Albert’s parents sent him to study at the Catholic school Petersschule, where he was often laughed at because of his nationality. “I felt like a stranger,” Einstein would say. When he was 9 years old, he was transferred to the Luitpold Gymnasium. Contrary to popular belief, he was the best student in the class and was well versed in mathematics, mastering the school textbooks of higher grades during the summer holidays. The only thing he hated was the mechanical learning of foreign languages.
First steps into science
In 1894, due to financial problems, the Einstein family moved to Northern Italy. Here he gained experience in working with electric generators, magnets and coils, writing his first article at the age of 16, “On the study of the state of the ether in a magnetic field.” The brilliant physicist failed his attempt to enter the Zurich Multidisciplinary Technical School, passing excellently in mathematics and failing the main exam, which included biology, literature, and languages. As a result, I managed to enroll only the second time after graduating from school in Aarau.
After receiving a diploma as a teacher of mathematical and physical sciences, Einstein at one time could not even find a job as an ordinary teacher. Only with the help of a friend did he get a job at the Swiss Federal Patent Office, which did not interfere with his pursuit of science. In 1905, which would be called the “year of miracles,” Albert published three articles in the journal Annals of Physics on quantum physics, the theory of relativity and static physics, which created a real sensation in the scientific world. For example, in the article “On one heuristic point of view on the emergence and cessation of light,” he suggested that homogeneous light consists of quanta that rush through space at the speed of light. In 1906, Einstein deservedly became a Doctor of Science.
Professorial activity
In 1909, Einstein was elected professor at the University of Zurich and then at the German University in Prague. At this time, the scientist is working on the theory of gravity, trying to develop a relativistic theory of gravity. Together with M. Grossman, Albert completed work on the theory of relativity, in which he concluded that any large body creates a curvature of space, therefore any other body will experience the influence of the first in such space. In essence, space-time acts as a material carrier of gravity. To mathematically substantiate his hypothesis, Einstein had to master tensor analysis and work on a four-dimensional pseudo-Marian generalization.
In 1911, at the First Solvay Congress, Einstein met with Poincaré, who was hostile to the theory of relativity. After the outbreak of the First World War, Einstein, in collaboration with G. Nicolai, wrote the “Appeal to the Europeans,” in which he condemned “nationalist madness.”
Berlin period
After some consideration, Albert moved to the University of Berlin, at the same time heading the Institute of Physics. After the end of the war, he focused on previous research topics and began new developments. In particular, he became very interested in relativistic cosmology. In 1917, the article “Cosmological considerations for the general theory of relativity” was published. Soon the scientist becomes seriously ill - in addition to long-standing liver problems, he suffered from stomach ulcers and jaundice.
Having recovered, Einstein began active work. In the 1920s, he was in great demand as a scientist; he was invited to give lectures by the best universities in Europe. In addition, the physicist visited Japan and India, where he met with R. Tagore. In the United States, Congress passed a special resolution in his honor.
After much deliberation, at the end of 1922, Einstein was finally awarded the Nobel Prize for 1921, officially for the theory of the photoelectric effect, and not for other more famous works. Still, the scientific revolutionary nature of his ideas made itself felt.
70 years later, their colleagues from the University of Colorado obtained such condensates. In addition, the scientist became interested in politics and repeatedly spoke about universal internationalism, disarmament of the Old World and the abolition of universal conscription. In 1929, the world community widely celebrated the 50th birthday of Einstein, who hid from everyone in his villa, where he received only close friends.
American period
The growing crisis of the Weimar Republic, which resulted in the Nazis coming to power, forced Albert to leave Germany. Moreover, open threats were directed at him. He and his family moved to the United States, deliberately renouncing German citizenship due to Nazi crimes. Across the ocean, Einstein would receive a position as professor of physics at the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study. Here he received great recognition and was given an audience by US President F. Roosevelt.
Successes in the scientific field alternated with troubles in his personal life. In 1936, longtime friend and ally M. Grossman died, and his wife Elsa died soon after. Einstein remained with his beloved sister, stepdaughter Margot and secretary E. Dukas. He lived very modestly and did not even have a television or a car, which amazed many Americans.
On the eve of the outbreak of World War II, the scientist signed an appeal to American President F. Roosevelt, initiated by physicist L. Szilard. In it, representatives of the scientific community sounded the alarm about the likely creation of nuclear weapons by the Third Reich. The head of state shared this concern and launched his own project. Subsequently, Einstein would reproach himself for his involvement in the creation of the atomic bomb and utter the famous words: "We won the war, but not the peace".
During the war, the scientist was engaged in consulting for the US Navy, and after its end, together with B. Russell, M. Bourne, L. Pauling and others, he became one of the founders of the Pugwash movement of scientists advocating scientific cooperation and disarmament. To prevent a new war, Albert even proposed forming a world government. Until the end of his days, Einstein studied the problems of cosmology and unified field theory.
In 1955, Einstein's health deteriorated noticeably, and heart problems arose. This prompted him to tell his loved ones that he had fulfilled his destiny and was ready to die. He met his death with dignity, without unnecessary sentimentality. On April 18, 1955, the great scientist’s heart stopped. He did not like unnecessary pathos and did not allow this to be done to himself after death. Albert Einstein's funeral was very modest, attended only by close friends. After the funeral service, his body was burned and his ashes were scattered to the wind.
Personal life
The scientist’s first wife was Serbian Mileva Maric, who was a physics and mathematics teacher by training. They married in 1903, but by that time they had a daughter, Lieserl, who died in infancy. Then two sons were born - Hans Albert and Eduard. The former would eventually become a professor at the University of California and become famous as a hydraulic scientist. The fate of the younger Edward is more tragic - in the early 30s he fell ill with schizophrenia and spent the rest of his days in a mental hospital.
Albert and Mileva agreed that in the event of a divorce, Einstein would give the money due for the Nobel Prize to his wife. That's what he eventually did. They were used to purchase three houses in Zurich.
In 1919, Albert married a second time to his maternal cousin Elsa Leventhal, adopting her two children Ilse and Margot. They did not have any offspring together, but Einstein treated his adopted daughters as his own, surrounding them with care and attention. This marriage would last until Elsa's death in 1936.
Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm. He received his secondary education at a city Catholic school.
In September 1895 he arrived in Zurich to enter the Polytechnic. Having received an “excellent” in mathematics, he failed in French and botany. On the advice of the director of the Polytechnic, he entered the cantonal school of Aarau.
During my studies I studied Maxwell's electromagnetic theory. In October 1896 he became a student at the Polytechnic. Here he became friends with the mathematician M. Grossman.
Start of activity
In 1901, Einstein's first paper, “Consequences of the Theory of Capillarity,” was published. At this time, the future great scientist was in great need. Therefore, thanks to the “patronage” of M. Grossman, he was accepted into the staff of the Federal Bern Office for Patenting Inventions. There he worked from 1902 to 1909.
In 1904 he began collaborating with the journal “Annals of Physics”. His responsibilities included providing annotations of recent texts on thermodynamics.
Notable discoveries
Einstein's most famous discoveries include the Special Theory of Relativity. It was published in 1905. Works on the General Theory of Relativity were published from 1915 to 1916.
Teaching activities
In 1912, the great scientist returned to Zurich and began teaching at the same Polytechnic where he himself had once studied. In 1913, on the recommendation of V. G. Nernst and his friend Planck, he headed the Berlin Physical Research Institute. He also joined the teaching staff of the University of Berlin.
Receiving the Nobel Prize
Einstein was repeatedly nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics. The first nomination for the theory of relativity took place in 1910, on the initiative of W. Ostwald.
But the Nobel Committee was suspicious of such a “revolutionary” theory. Einstein's experimental evidence was considered insufficient.
Einstein received the Nobel in physics for his “safe” theory of the photoelectric effect in 1921. At that time, the brilliant physicist was away. Therefore, the German Ambassador to Sweden R. Nadolny received the prize for him.
Illness and death
In 1955, Einstein was often and seriously ill. He passed away on April 18, 1955. The cause of death was an aortic aneurysm. Before his death, he asked his loved ones not to give him a lavish funeral and not to disclose the place of his burial.
Only twelve closest friends accompanied the great scientist on his final journey. His body was cremated and his ashes scattered to the wind.
Other biography options
- Until the age of 12 he was very religious. But after reading popular science literature, I came to the conclusion that the church and state are deceiving people, and the Bible contains “fairy tales.” After this, the future scientist stopped recognizing authorities.
- Einstein was a pacifist. He actively fought against Nazism. In one of his last works, he said that humanity must do everything to prevent nuclear war.
- Einstein sympathized with the USSR and Lenin in particular. But he considered terror and repression to be unacceptable methods.
- In 1952, he received an offer to become Prime Minister of Israel and refused, noting that he did not have enough experience to lead the country.
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“A person begins to live only when
when he manages to surpass himself"
Albert Einstein is a famous physicist, creator of the theory of relativity, author of numerous works on quantum physics, one of the creators of the modern stage of development of this science.
The future Nobel laureate was born on March 15, 1879 in the small German town of Ulm. The family came from an ancient Jewish family. Dad Herman was the owner of a company that stuffed mattresses and pillows with feathers. Einstein's mother was the daughter of a famous corn seller. In 1880, the family went to Munich, where Hermann and his brother Jacob created a small enterprise selling electrical equipment. After some time, the Einsteins' daughter Maria is born.
In Munich, Albert Einstein goes to a Catholic school. As the scientist recalled, at the age of 13 he stopped trusting the beliefs of religious fanatics. Having become familiar with science, he began to look at the world differently. Everything that was said in the Bible no longer seemed plausible to him. All this formed in him a person who is skeptical of everything, especially of authorities. From his childhood, Albert Einstein's most vivid impressions were the book of Euclid's Elements and the compass. At his mother's request, little Albert became interested in playing the violin. The craving for music lingered in the scientist’s heart for a long time. In the future, while in the States, Albert Einstein gave a concert to all emigrants from Germany, performing Mozart's compositions on the violin.
While studying at the gymnasium, Einstein was not an excellent student (except in mathematics). He did not like the method of learning the material, as well as the attitude of teachers towards students. Therefore, he often argued with teachers.
In 1894 the family moved again. This time to Pavia, a small town near Milan. The Einstein brothers are moving their production here.
In the fall of 1895, the young genius comes to Switzerland to enter school. He dreamed of teaching physics. He passes the exam in mathematics very well, but the future scientist fails the tests in botany. Then the director suggested that the young guy take the exam in Aarau in order to re-enter a year later.
At the Arau school, Albert Einstein actively studied Maxwell's electromagnetic theory. In September 1897, he successfully passed the exams. Having a certificate in hand, he enters Zurich, where he soon meets the mathematician Grossman and Mileva Maric, who will later become his wife. After a certain time, Albert Einstein renounces German citizenship and accepts Swiss citizenship. However, for this it was necessary to pay 1000 francs. But there was no money, since the family was in a difficult financial situation. Albert Einstein's relatives move to Milan after going broke. There, Albert's father again creates a company selling electrical equipment, but without his brother.
Einstein liked the teaching style at the Polytechnic, because the teachers did not have an authoritarian attitude. The young scientist felt better. The learning process was also fascinating because the lectures were given by such geniuses as Adolf Hurwitz and Hermann Minkowski.
Science in the life of Einstein
In 1900, Albert completed his studies in Zurich and received a diploma. This gave him the right to teach physics and mathematics. The teachers assessed the young scientist’s knowledge at a high level, but did not want to provide assistance in his future career. The following year he receives Swiss citizenship, but still cannot find a job. There were part-time jobs in schools, but this was not enough to live on. Einstein starved for days, which caused liver problems. Despite all the difficulties, Albert Einstein tried to devote more time to science. In 1901, a Berlin magazine published a paper on the theory of capillarity, where Einstein analyzed the forces of attraction in liquid atoms.
Fellow student Grossman helps Einstein and gets him a job at the patent office. Albert Einstein worked here for 7 years, evaluating patent applications. In 1903 he worked at the Bureau on a permanent basis. The nature and style of work allowed the scientist to study problems related to physics in his free time.
In 1903, Einstein received a letter from Milan saying that his father was dying. Hermann Einstein died after his son arrived.
On January 7, 1903, the young scientist marries his girlfriend from the Polytechnic, Mileva Maric. Later, from his marriage with her, Albert has three children.
Einstein's discoveries
In 1905, Einstein's work on Brownian motion of particles was published. The work of the Englishman Brown already had an explanation. Einstein, having not encountered the scientist’s work before, gave his theory a certain completeness and the possibility of conducting experiments. In 1908, the experiments of the Frenchman Perrin confirmed Einstein's theory.
In 1905, another work by the scientist was published, dedicated to the formation and transformation of light. In 1900, Max Planck had already proven that the spectral content of radiation can be explained by imagining the radiation to be continuous. According to him, the light was emitted in portions. Einstein put forward the theory that light is absorbed in parts and consists of quanta. Such an assumption allowed the scientist to explain the reality of the “red limit” (the limiting frequency below which electrons are not knocked out of the body).
The scientist also applied quantum theory to other phenomena that the classics could not consider in detail.
In 1921 he was awarded the title of Nobel laureate.
Theory of relativity
Despite the many articles written, the scientist gained worldwide fame thanks to his theory of relativity, which he first voiced in 1905 in a newsletter. Even in his youth, the scientist thought about what would appear before an observer who would follow the light wave at the speed of light. He did not accept the concept of ether.
Albert Einstein suggested that for any object, no matter how it moves, the speed of light is the same. The scientist's theory is comparable to Lorentz's formulas for converting time. However, Lorentz's transformations were indirect and had no connection with time.
Professorial activity
At 28, Einstein was extremely popular. In 1909 he became a professor at the Zurich Polytechnic and later at a university in the Czech Republic. After some time, he nevertheless returned to Zurich, but after 2 years he accepted an offer to become director of the Department of Physics in Berlin. Einstein's citizenship was restored. Work on the theory of relativity lasted for many years, and with the participation of Comrade Grossman, sketches of a draft theory were published. The final version was formulated in 1915. This was the greatest achievement in physics in decades.
Einstein was able to answer the question of what mechanism promotes gravitational interaction between objects. The scientist suggested that the structure of space could act as such an object. Albert Einstein thought that any body contributes to the curvature of space, making it different, and another body in relation to this one moves in the same space and is influenced by the first body.
The theory of relativity gave impetus to the development of other theories, which were later confirmed.
American period of the scientist's life
In America, he became a professor at Princeton University, continuing to develop a field theory that would unify gravity and electromagnetism.
At Princeton, Professor Einstein was a real celebrity. But the people saw him as a good-natured, modest, and strange person. His passion for music has not faded. He often performed in the physics ensemble. The scientist was also fond of sailing, saying that it helps to think about the problems of the Universe.
He was one of the main ideologists of the formation of the State of Israel. In addition, Einstein was invited to the post of president of this country, but he refused.
The main tragedy of the scientist’s life was the idea of the atomic bomb. Observing the growing power of the German state, he sent a letter to the American Congress in 1939, which prompted the development and creation of weapons of mass destruction. Albert Einstein later regretted this, but it was already too late.
In 1955, in Princeton, the great naturalist died of an aortic aneurysm. But for a long time many will remember his quotes, which became truly great. He said that we must not lose faith in humanity, since we ourselves are people. The biography of the scientist is undoubtedly very fascinating, but it is the quotes he wrote that help to delve deeper into his life and work, which serve as a preface in the “book about the life of a great man.”
Some wisdom from Albert Einstein
At the heart of every challenge lies opportunity.
Logic can take you from point A to point B, and imagination can take you anywhere...
Outstanding personalities are formed not through beautiful speeches, but through their own work and its results.
If you live as if nothing in this world is a miracle, then you will be able to do whatever you want and you will have no obstacles. If you live as if everything is a miracle, then you will be able to enjoy even the smallest manifestations of beauty in this world. If you live both ways at the same time, your life will be happy and productive.
Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in the city of Ulm, located in Germany. His father sold electrical equipment, his mother was a housewife. Later the family moved to Munich, where young Albert entered a Catholic school. Einstein continued his education at the Technical High School of Zurich, after which he was destined for a career as a school teacher of mathematics and physics.
For a long time, the future famous physicist could not find a teaching position, so he became a technical assistant at the Swiss patent office. When dealing with patents, the scientist could trace the connection between the achievements of contemporary science and technical innovations, which greatly expanded his scientific horizons. In his free time from work, Einstein dealt with issues directly related to physics.
In 1905, he managed to publish several important works that were devoted to Brownian motion, quantum theory and the theory of relativity. The great physicist was the first to introduce into science a formula that reflected the relationship between mass and energy. This relationship formed the basis of the principle of conservation of energy, established in relativism. All modern nuclear energy is based on Einstein's formula.
Einstein and his theory of relativity
Einstein formulated the foundations of the famous theory of relativity in 1917. His concept substantiated the principle of relativity and transferred it to systems that are capable of moving with acceleration along curved trajectories. General relativity became an expression of the connection between the space-time continuum and the distribution of mass. Einstein based his concept on the theory of gravity proposed by Newton.
The theory of relativity was a truly revolutionary concept for its time. Its recognition was helped by the facts observed by scientists that confirmed Einstein’s calculations. World-wide fame came to the scientist after a solar eclipse that took place in 1919, observations of which showed the validity of the conclusions of this brilliant theoretical physicist.
Albert Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1922 for his work in the field of theoretical physics. Later, he seriously studied issues of quantum physics and its statistical component. In the last years of his life, the physicist worked on the creation of a unified field theory, in which he intended to combine the principles of the theory of electromagnetic and gravitational interactions. But Einstein never managed to complete this work.
