Dynamics and geographical structure of Russian foreign trade. What Russia imports: detailing positions

According to customs statistics, foreign trade turnoverof the Russian Federation in 2017 amounted to 584 billion US dollars and increased by 25% compared to 2016, including exports - 357 billion US dollars (an increase of 25%), imports - 227 billion dollars (an increase of 24% ).

Dynamics of the most important indicators of foreign tradeRussian Federation in 2015 – 2017

In the structure of Russia's foreign trade by group of countries, the European Union (EU) occupies a special place as the largest economic partner, its share in the total volume of trade turnover of the Russian Federation in 2017 accounted for 42%, and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) countries accounted for 31%. , for the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) - 12%, including for the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) - 9%, for the countries of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) - 3%, for the BRICS countries - 18% , Asia-Pacific region – 32%.

Russia’s main trading partners in 2017 were: China –
15% of trade turnover of the Russian Federation (growth by 32%), Germany – 9% (by 23%), the Netherlands – 7% (by 22%), Belarus – 5% (by 26%), Italy – 4% (by 21 %), USA – 4% (by 16%), Turkey – 4% (by 37%), Republic of Korea – 3% (by 28%), Kazakhstan – 3% (30%), Ukraine – 2% (by 26 %).

Main trading partners of the Russian Federationamong non-CIS countries in 2017

Mutual trade of the Russian Federationwith states– members of the EAEU in 2017

(data in the graph is presented for 2017)

EXPORT RUSSIA.

Russia's exports in 2017 amounted to 357 billion US dollars and, compared to 2016, increased by 25% or 71 billion US dollars.

In 2017 compared to 2015-2016. In the total volume of Russian exports, the share of individual countries of the European Union decreased (in particular the Netherlands, Italy - by 2%), as well as Turkey, Japan and Ukraine - by 1%. At the same time, the share of Russian exports to the Republic of Belarus (by 1%) and China (by 3%), which took a leading position among partner countries, increased.

In 2017, the main share in the value volume of Russian exports was occupied by fuel and energy products - 59% (in 2016 - 58%), of which crude oil - 38% (37%), petroleum products - 24% (23%), natural gas – 14.5% (16%) and coal – 6% (4.5%).

The value of Russia's exports of fuel and energy products in 2017 compared to 2016 increased by 27% and amounted to 211 billion US dollars. At the same time, the physical volumes of exports of crude oil and petroleum products decreased by 1% and 5%, respectively, compared to the previous year.

Among the partner countries, the largest decrease in the physical volumes of exports of petroleum products and crude oil was recorded in relation to the following countries: the Netherlands (-8 million tons), the USA (-4 million tons), Latvia (-3 million tons) and Italy

(-3 million tons). At the same time, growth was recorded from China (+4 million tons), Denmark (+3 million tons), Singapore (+2 million tons) and India (+3 million tons). Belarus and Turkey reduced purchases of crude oil (-0.5 million tons and -0.8 million tons), but at the same time increased imports of Russian petroleum products (+1.5 million tons and +1.5 million tons).

Exports of natural gas in 2017 increased to almost all major partner countries, with the exception of the UK, which reduced purchases of Russian gas by 1 billion m3, and Hungary – by 0.7 billion m3.

The increase in the value of exports of fuel and energy goods was achieved due to an increase in prices for basic fuel and energy products by an average of 24%.

In 2017, compared to 2016, non-resource non-energy exports increased in value by 22.5% to 133.7 billion US dollars, and in physical volume - by 9.8%.

The share of exports of non-commodity, non-energy goods in the total volume of Russian exports in 2017 amounted to 37.5% in value, while in 2016 it was 38.3%; in terms of physical volume, the share of these goods increased slightly compared to last year and amounted to 22 ,4%.

In 2017, while both value and physical volumes of non-resource, non-energy exports increased compared to the same period last year, there were no significant changes in its commodity structure. Structural changes amounted to no more than 1-2%.

The main non-resource non-energy exports of Russia have traditionally been:

Metals and products made from them (semi-finished products and flat rolled products from iron and unalloyed steel, unprocessed aluminum);

Machinery, equipment and vehicles (turbojet engines, fuel elements, parts for equipment for nuclear energy);

Chemical products (mineral and organic fertilizers);

Food products and agricultural raw materials (wheat and meslin). The total share of these goods in the value volume of non-resource, non-energy exports of Russia in 2017 amounted to 80.9%.

Exports of metals and products made from them increased by 29.7% to 35.9 billion US dollars, its share in the value of non-raw material exports amounted to 26.9% (in 2016 - 25.4%). Moreover, the physical volume of exports of metals and products made from them remained virtually unchanged compared to the same period last year (an increase of 0.4%), which is explained by an increase of 40%-45% in average export prices for semi-finished products and flat rolled iron and unalloyed steel, and also 20% for unprocessed aluminum. The share of these goods in the value of Russia's exports of metals and metal products over the last two years was 41%.

Supplies of flat rolled products to Italy, which occupied third place in the export of this product in 2016, were reoriented to Egypt in 2017, increasing compared to the same period last year by 2.2 times in weight and 3.2 times in value.

Exports of machinery, equipment and vehicles increased by 14.6% to 28.1 billion US dollars, its share in the value of non-resource exports amounted to 21.0% (in 2016 - 22.4%). The physical volume of exports of machinery, equipment and vehicles increased by 24.2%.

Exports of fuel elements decreased by 17.2%, mainly due to the cessation of supplies to India since 2017 (in 2016 their value was 163.8 million US dollars), as well as a reduction in supplies to the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Armenia, and Ukraine.

The value of supplies of parts for nuclear power equipment to Bulgaria increased 356 times (from 343.9 thousand US dollars to 122.4 million US dollars). The value of supplies of these goods to Belarus has increased 6 times, while since 2017, supplies to Armenia and Poland have completely stopped.

Exports of chemical products, about 30% of which were mineral and organic fertilizers, increased by 15.0% (to 23.9 billion US dollars), its share in the value of non-raw material exports amounted to 17.9% (in 2016 - 19 .0%). The physical volume of exports of chemical products increased by 5.7%.

Exports of food products and agricultural raw materials increased by 21.5% to 20.3 billion US dollars and its share in the value of non-raw material exports amounted to 15.2% (in 2016 - 15.3%). The physical volume of exports of this category of products increased by 21.7%.

More than 37% of the value of this category of goods was grain exports.

Thus, while both value and physical volumes of non-resource, non-energy exports increased compared to the same period last year, there were no significant changes in its commodity structure in 2017. Structural changes amounted to no more than 1-2%.

IMPORT RUSSIA.

In 2017, Russian imports amounted to 227 billion US dollars and compared to 2016 increased by 25% or 45 billion US dollars.

In 2017, APEC countries became the main trading partners for imports, accounting for more than 40% of all imports. China's share in Russian imports is 21%. EU countries also occupied a significant share - 38%, of which Germany - 11%, Italy - 4%, France - 4% and others. The CIS countries accounted for 11% of all imports, including the EAEU countries - 8%, the main share was imports from the Republic of Belarus - 5% and Kazakhstan - 2%.

In 2017, the main share of the value of Russia's imports was made up of machinery, equipment and vehicles - 49% (in 2016 - 47%). Also, a significant share in imports was: chemical products - 18% (19%), food - 13% (14%), metals and products made from them - 7% (6%), textiles and footwear - 6% (6%) .

In 2017, the value increase in Russian imports was 53%
due to an increase in the value of imported machinery and equipment, which in absolute terms amounted to 24 billion US dollars.

Among machinery and equipment in 2017, the largest share in the value of Russian imports was: mechanical equipment - 41% (in 2016 - 41%), electrical equipment - 24% (25%) and land transport - 20% (18%) .

In 2017, the main countries supplying imported machinery and equipment were China (26%), Germany (12%) and the USA (8%). Wherein
and the largest increase in imports of these goods also occurred
these countries, from China - by 6 billion US dollars, Germany - by 2.8 billion US dollars, the USA - by 2.6 billion US dollars.

Imports of mechanical equipment in 2017 amounted to 45 billion US dollars and increased by 28% or 10 billion US dollars compared to 2016.

This increase was due to an increase in imports of computers by 1.2 billion US dollars, while the increase in imports of these goods from China amounted to 0.9 billion US dollars. These goods were also imported to
2017 from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and other countries.

The growth in imports of mechanical equipment also occurred due to an increase in the import of bulldozers and graders (2 times in quantitative terms), equipment for processing rubber and plastics, parts of computers, liquid pumps, pneumatic tools, internal combustion engines, industrial machines and equipment, and others.

The import of bulldozers and graders in 2017 compared to 2016 increased by $0.8 billion, the main increase in supplies came from the import of these goods from China - 2.3 times, Japan - 1.5 times, South Korea -
3 times.

The increase in the import of rubber processing equipment is associated with the delivery in 2017 of a multi-component plant for the production of linear low/high density polyethylene worth over US$0.5 billion from EU countries.

The supply of parts for computers has increased significantly
in 2017, China - by 340 million US dollars, in smaller volumes Singapore, Vietnam and South Korea - by 100 million dollars, 7 million US dollars and 10 million US dollars, respectively.

Imports of liquid pumps in 2017 increased by 410 million US dollars, of which from South Korea - by 160 million US dollars, Germany - by
60 million US dollars and China - 50 million US dollars.

In 2017, Russian imports of electrical equipment amounted to 27 billion US dollars and compared to 2016 increased by 24% or 5.2 billion US dollars. At the same time, this 32% increase was formed due to an increase in import supplies of telephone sets for cellular communications to
US$1.7 billion. The main countries supplying these devices were China (63%) and Vietnam (17%).

Imports of ground transport equipment increased by
2017 compared to last year by 36% or by 6 billion US dollars. The increase was mainly due to an increase in imports of spare parts for passenger cars (including bodies, chassis, etc.) - by 2.6 billion US dollars, tractors - by 1 billion US dollars and trucks - by 0.9 billion .US dollars. At the same time, the share of passenger cars in the value volume of imports decreased significantly - from 38% to 31%, with a simultaneous increase in the share of tractors and trucks - from 11% to 17%.

An increase in the import of components for passenger cars in 2017 was registered from Germany (+34%), Japan (+52%), China (+29%), South Korea (+64%) and the Czech Republic (+52%), which is due to increasing the industrial assembly of Mazda, Toyota, Volkswagen, Skoda cars in Russia, as well as expanding their model range.

Due to the increased demand in the Russian market for special equipment, the import of goods classified by codes 8701 “Tractors”, 8704 “Trucks” and 8705 “Special-purpose vehicles” increased in quantitative terms by 1.5 times, in value terms – by 2.4 times, 1.8 times and 1.1 times, respectively. Among these vehicles, imports in value terms of truck tractors produced in the Netherlands and Germany increased by 3 times, France by 5 times, Brazil by 9 times; truck cranes made in China – 9 times, Germany – 3 times; dump trucks produced in the USA - 4 times, Belarus - 2 times.

In 2017, compared to 2016, the main value volume of imports of chemical industry goods accounted for pharmaceutical products - 27%, plastics and products made from them - 22%. These groups of goods accounted for the main increase in imports in this industry, due to pharmaceutical products - by 1.9 billion US dollars, plastics and products made from them - by 1.2 billion US dollars. At the same time, the value of imports of rubber, rubber and products made from them increased significantly - by 0.8 billion US dollars, as well as organic chemical compounds - by 0.8 billion US dollars.

In the import of pharmaceutical products, the main place is occupied by medicines, which account for 80% of the import of this group of goods. The increase in the value of imports of medicines in 2017 compared to 2016 amounted to more than 1.4 billion US dollars. The reason for this was not a physical increase in the import of these goods, but an increase in prices by an average of 16%. The main countries supplying medicines are Germany - 21%, France - 10%, Italy - 7%, India - 6%, Switzerland - 5%. In 2017, the supply of medicines increased significantly in the UK - by 0.1 billion US dollars.

The main share in the import of rubber, rubber and products made from them is occupied by tires and pneumatic tires - 48%, as well as products, tubes and tapes made of vulcanized rubber (codes 4009, 4010, 4016 HS EAEU) - 28%, natural and synthetic rubber ( codes 4001 and 4002 TN VED EAEU) – 12%. Components for repair and maintenance of automobiles are mostly declared under codes 4009, 4010 and 4016 of the EAEU HS. Natural and synthetic rubber are mainly purchased by companies involved in the production of automobile tires. In 2017, the value growth of imports for these product items amounted to more than 30%. Import purchases were carried out from China - 14%, Japan - 12%, Germany - 10%, South Korea - 7%.

Foodstuffs.

The value of food imports in 2017 amounted to 29 billion US dollars and increased by 15% or 3.8 billion US dollars compared to 2016. The largest share in the value of food was fruits - 16%, meat and meat by-products - 9%, dairy products - 9%, alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks - 9%, vegetables - 6% and others.

In 2017, supplies of fruits and nuts increased significantly – by 0.8 billion US dollars; alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks – on
US$0.7 billion; dairy products, meat and meat products, vegetables - 0.4 billion US dollars each. At the same time, in terms of physical volumes of these goods, significant growth occurred only in the import of fruits, vegetables, as well as alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks. The increase in value volumes for other categories of food products is mainly due to rising prices for imported products.

The import of fruits in physical terms increased due to an increase in supplies of cherries and grapes from Turkey, in respect of which restrictive measures were lifted in 2017; bananas from Ecuador; citrus fruits from South Africa.

The physical volume of imports of vegetables from China increased by 1.4 times for almost the entire product range, potatoes from Egypt - by 2.5 times, tomatoes from Azerbaijan - by 1.5 times, potatoes from Belarus - by 1.3 times, onions from Turkey - 3500 times.

Imports of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks in 2017 amounted to
2.5 billion US dollars and, compared to 2016, increased in value by 39% (by 0.7 billion US dollars), in physical volume (liters) by 29%. At the same time, an increase in the import of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks occurred for all product positions.

The main import volume in 2017 was grape wines – 40%, ethyl alcohol with a concentration of less than 80 vol.% – 38%, malt beer – 8%.

The value of the import of grape wines in 2017 amounted to 1 billion US dollars and increased in value compared to 2016 - by 38%. At the same time, the growth in physical volumes amounted to 11%. Thus, the increase in value is primarily due to an increase in prices for grape wines by 24%.

Grape wines were imported in 2017 from Italy - 29%, France - 18%, Spain - 16%, Georgia - 10%. At the same time, supplies from Italy in physical terms (liters) increased by 34%, France - by 29%, Georgia - 1.8 times. Supplies from Spain decreased in physical terms, but increased in value – by 24%.

Import of alcoholic beverages with an alcohol concentration of less than 80 vol.%
in 2017 amounted to 0.9 billion US dollars, the increase in physical volume (liters) was 30%, in value - 38%. The main volumes of imports of this category of goods came from the UK - 25%, Armenia - 19%, France - 16%, the USA and Ireland - 5% each. In 2017, compared to 2016, the UK increased the supply of whiskey by 31%, Ireland – by 36%, the USA – by 33%, and Armenia increased the import of cognac by 25%. At the same time, the import of French cognac decreased in physical volume by 5%, but increased in value by 32%.

The import of malt beer in 2017 compared to 2016 increased both in physical volume (by 50%) and in value (by 54%). The main beer supplying countries were Germany, the Czech Republic, Belarus and Belgium. Germany occupies a leading position both in terms of beer supply volumes by value (33%) and in terms of physical volumes (29%). At the same time, in 2017, Germany almost doubled its beer supplies. The Czech Republic, Belarus and Belgium also increased the physical volumes of malt beer imports by 1.5 times, 1.5 times and 1.3 times, respectively.

Includes two interrelated processes: export and import.

Export - sale of goods to foreign contractors with their export abroad.

Import - purchasing goods from foreign counterparties with their import from abroad.

The total value of exports and imports of a particular country forms its foreign trade turnover. The volume of total world trade is calculated by summing only the export volumes of each country.

When comparing the values ​​of exports and imports for an individual country, it is fixed balance foreign trade turnover. The balance is positive when the volume of exports exceeds the volume of imports. Conversely, when the volume of imports exceeds the volume of exports, a negative balance of foreign trade is recorded. Most often, these situations are reflected in one category - net exports, which, depending on the balance of foreign trade, will be displayed with a plus or minus sign. Positive net exports increase the volume of national product, while negative net exports decrease it.

The value of net exports is reflected in the trade balance. Trade balance - This is a state accounting of the relationship between exports and imports of goods and services. It, in turn, as a document is part of the balance of payments. A government's balance of payments records the flow of funds into and out of the country.

To analyze the efficiency of world trade, a number of indicators are used, including the volume of exports (imports) per capita and export (import) quota. In particular, export quota- an indicator that records the share of exports in the total production volume in the country and is considered as the ratio of the value of exports to the value of the domestic product. The use of these indicators characterizes the level of openness of the national economy to the external market and the degree of participation of the country in the international division of labor.

The foreign economic policy of any state is assessed by the level of exports of finished products. For Russia, in the commodity structure of exported products, the share of the fuel and raw materials group is about 50% of the total exported product, and more than half is accounted for by non-resource exports and the provision of services to foreign partners. About 12% of manufactured goods for export from Russia are metal products, as well as non-ferrous and ferrous metals.

Three components of exports from Russia

1. Raw materials for export

The modern foreign policy strategy of our country is built on the basis of raw materials, fuel and energy superiority. Raw materials export specialization allows the country to strengthen its position in the energy market, prevent the cyclical negative impact of global crises, economic downturns, instability of world currencies, and unfair competition.

The increase in Russian exports is mainly due to fuel and energy resources. On the world market, the country ranks first in terms of natural gas exports and 2nd place in oil exports (after Saudi Arabia). Since the beginning of 2016, Russian gas sales to Europe have increased by more than 37% compared to the previous year.

1. Non-resource component of exports

In addition to the products of the oil and gas sector of the economy, Russia’s main export products are competitive on the foreign market:

• products of the high-tech nuclear industry;
• military equipment. The export of weapons and military equipment occurs to 62 countries of the world; in the future, foreign trade agreements will be implemented with more than 90 states;
• transport engineering products. At the same time, civil aviation, shipbuilding products, railway equipment, specialized vehicles and trucks have great potential;
• products from ferrous and non-ferrous metals, as well as gold, platinum, diamonds and industrial purposes. Export deliveries are carried out to the states of Southeast Asia and Arab countries;
• petroleum products, electricity and other products of the fuel and energy complex account for more than 35% of non-resource exports. By 2020, it is planned to increase export supplies of electricity almost fivefold;
• agricultural products - grain, feed, fat and oil products, frozen fish, fertilizers. The majority of this export segment falls on nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Foreign trade supplies are carried out to India, Brazil, and the USA. Grain is exported to the Middle East and North African countries.

1. Export of services

The most profitable item of services exported by Russia is their transport component, which accounts for about 30%. These are mainly passenger and cargo air transportation, including helicopter transportation.

Profitable items of export of services are:

• provision of software developed in Russia;
• construction of construction engineering facilities of increased complexity;
• services of telecommunication companies;
• business services – legal, architectural, auditing, consulting services, operational leasing. If such services are sold outside Russia, VAT is not charged on them.

The latest statistics indicate that from year to year Russia is increasing the export of competitive domestic products - mechanical and shipbuilding products, aircraft, nuclear power plants, military equipment, and agricultural products.

You can order services.

To develop an export business, you need to start with the right idea. We talked with Anton Khokhlov, project manager for information and analytical support of the REC, and selected five working areas of export business.

Russian export structure

Russia's exports in 2016, according to the Federal Customs Service of Russia, amounted to $285.7 billion, non-resource non-energy, according to REC calculations, - $109.1 billion. The share of non-resource exports in the total volume in 2016 increased noticeably, breaking a 12-year record and approaching 40% (38.2%). At the same time, exports at the end of the year decreased compared to 2015 by $57.8 billion, or 16.8%. This dynamics is associated with the market factor: prices for most Russian export goods decreased during the year. If we analyze situations without taking into account the price factor, a positive trend will be visible. According to REC calculations, in physical terms, Russia's total exports in 2016 grew by about 2%, and non-resource non-energy exports by more than 3%.

The main contribution to the negative dynamics of non-resource non-energy exports was made by chemical goods (46% decrease) and metal products (38%).

The structure of non-resource exports includes mechanical engineering (25.6%) and metallurgy (25.5%). Also significant shares fall on chemical products (19.1%), food (14%), timber and paper industry (7.3%), and precious metals (4.1%). Growth in value terms was shown by food (+6.8%), glass, ceramics and stone products (+6.1%), timber and paper products (+2.7%), precious metals and stones (+2.4%) . Increasingly, Russian technology companies are being identified that export services: IT solutions, software for increasing business efficiency, anti-virus programs, comprehensive business solutions - these are taken into account in separate statistics.

Non-resource non-energy exports of Russia

The first idea. Food

Food is a product that is always in great demand in the world; it is bought by both the highly developed United States and the small state of Rwanda.

Russia became the world's largest wheat exporter in 2016

The growth of global food trade, which has already exceeded $1.2 trillion, is a long-term global trend. Russia is also in this direction, increasing food exports to more than $15 billion in 2016 (+6.8% in value and +13.6% in quantity, according to REC calculations). We are talking about simple products that are traditional for us - grain, fish, sunflower oil and new meat and sugar, as well as ready-made food (confectionery products, canned food, drinks, pasta, ice cream, etc.).

For example, Russian chocolate and candies are purchased from 40 countries around the world from different regions. In just two years, China has become one of the main importers - there you can now see products under the brands “Red October”, “Yashkino”, “Slavyanka”, “Kolomenskoye” in many supermarkets. About 60% of the exports of United Confectioners (Red October, Rot Front, Babaevsky, etc.) go to the CIS; they also buy it from China, Australia and Iran. “KDV-Group” (brands “Yashkino”, “Slavyanka”, “3 crusts”, “Kirieshki”, “Babkiny sunflower seeds”) exports products to China, Poland and the Czech Republic. Recently, Mexico (Edelweiss company) has also been noted among the buyers of Russian confectioners. Russian companies that are part of international groups also export products - for example, the Vladimir Ferrero Russia factory supplies candies to Brazil and Poland.

According to the REC, in total in 2016, domestic confectioners supplied abroad 157 thousand tons of chocolate products worth $477 million.

The so-called basic food (grain, meat, sugar, vegetable oils), where export operations amount to tens and hundreds of thousands of tons per year, requires large investments (the state will help with this) and a balanced approach (do not skimp on good specialists, so as not to become a local Khrushchev). It is easier for a small business to try its hand at niche goods (honey, berries, spices and all the variety of ready-made products), where the ability to make it tasty, beautifully packaged and interestingly presented will come to the fore. For example, one of the brightest specific products in 2016 was coriander, the export of which Russia took 1st place in the world. You can also try yourself as an intermediary, organizing the trade process between our producers and foreign companies that are ready to import Russian products, fortunately there are many of both (this is confirmed by the experience of Russian Gastroweek tasting sessions held by the Russian Export Center in different countries of the world).

Idea two. Instruments and equipment

In the Western business environment there is an expression: “If you need one super-complex unique thing, turn to the Russians, if you need 10 identical things, never turn to the Russians.” Well, if it’s really not worth competing with China in churning out smartphones and electric kettles, then in the complex equipment market we have something to show the world.

Russia is one of the few powers with its own aerospace and nuclear engineering industries. A nuclear power plant, a nuclear icebreaker, an artificial Earth satellite, a manned spacecraft - all this was done for the first time in our country. A bit old? But we are still reaping the fruits of these achievements and are not standing still. For example, it was Russia that was the first to develop and implement a nuclear power plant project with post-Fukushima safety requirements.

Russia still has a reputation as a country of strong engineering and design thought. And this idea is embodied in production: lasers - to China, security systems and vending machines - to Europe, rocket engines and equipment for nanoresearch - to the USA. And these are just a few striking examples of our exports. In the field of instrumentation and equipment production, you can easily find a new niche by offering an interesting technical solution, and it is not necessary to invent it completely. In many cases, the client needs a machine, pump, furnace, device, machine to solve his specific problems, and here even small companies can give a head start to the global technology giants. And in the future, service will help the business, since the buyer is often interested in long-term relationships.

There are a number of successful examples of such technology businesses. For example, the SeaSort company supplies color sorters to Spain, France, Germany, Poland and other countries, the Unicum company supplies vending machines to Europe, and the Cryogenmash plant supplies gas liquefaction units to China and India.

Another interesting technological business case is the Russian company Yotto Group, which produces interactive 5D attractions ExoSkelet and ExoBox and supplies them to Europe, Latin America and Africa. In 2011, the company's engineers developed a unique technology called ExoFilm, thanks to which the cinema hall becomes interactive, allowing the viewer to control the plot of the film and accumulate bonuses using joysticks. The company also produces a flight simulator with 360° rotation - this attraction has practically no competitors in terms of the combination of capabilities and price.

Idea three. Woodworking

Fifty years ago, advanced humanity spoke of the age of steel and plastics; natural materials such as wood or cotton seemed to be irrevocably becoming a thing of the past. However, before even one generation had passed, the world became concerned about environmental friendliness, and everything natural began to have even greater value than before. Consumers of all categories need wooden houses, furniture, and household items.

Russia is lucky in this regard: we have the world's largest industrial wood resources. The forests contain universal pine and spruce, wear-resistant larch, birch ideal for plywood, durable oak and ash, and decorative species. Every year, more wood grows in our forests than is harvested - 3 times! This is a colossal potential, especially considering that modern forestry practices make it possible to organize efficient, environmentally friendly production even on the basis of a small plot.

Russia is one of the top five leading countries in the export of wood construction products - lumber, plywood, wood panels, building parts.

In 2016, supplies, according to REC calculations, amounted to about $5 billion, an increase of 4.3%. Russia has several timber-deficient markets nearby: East Asia, Kazakhstan, Central Asian republics, the Middle East, North Africa. But our products are in demand in Europe, North America, and even Australia - there is room for not only large businesses, but also small and medium-sized ones.

An interesting business case in this direction is the company “Modern Wood Processing Technologies”, which produces high-strength multi-layer laminated veneer lumber - Ultralam™ LVL (laminated veneer lumber). Production is carried out at the Talion Terra plant in the Tver region in the city of Torzhok. This is the largest plant of this profile in Europe with a capacity of 150 thousand m3 per year. Today, 75% of Ultralam's production volume is exported. The product is certified in many countries around the world and is supplied to 30 countries in all regions, and the largest buyers are Australia, the EU, Saudi Arabia and the USA.

Our positions in the export of wooden furniture, interior items, kitchen utensils and other consumer products are more modest. And here a sea of ​​opportunities opens up, especially for small and medium-sized businesses. Siberia and taiga are global brands, and everyone understands that Russian wood is natural, high-quality, and worthwhile. All that's left to do is take advantage of it! For example, Russia is practically the only country from which China buys chopsticks, worth almost $10 million a year.

Idea four. Clothes and accessories

Today, Western consumers actively respond to offers of authentic goods, goods with outstanding properties, and original designs. This is not only clothing and shoes, but also souvenirs, jewelry, accessories, original decorative and design items, and all these categories of goods are sold well through e-commerce channels on popular marketplaces. According to a joint study by DataInsight and PayPal, the growth of retail online exports in Russia in 2016 was faster than the local market and amounted to 32%, sales volume reached $2 billion.

In online trading, the average check is usually higher than for regular purchases.