Termination of pregnancy by vacuum aspiration. Vacuum aspiration of the uterine cavity

Vacuum aspiration is the suction of liquid or gas from hollow organs, cavities or postoperative wounds using an aspirator syringe. Carried out for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Vacuum cleaning is used in treatment uterine bleeding, freeing the cavity from the remains of the placenta after childbirth. Compared to surgical methods the technology is considered more “gentle” and is very rarely accompanied by complications.

If you need to go gynecological examination, contact the doctors of the Medical women's center. Cost of services: diagnostics with histological examination– 5,000 rubles, vacuum aspiration of the endometrium – 4,500 rubles.

Vacuum aspiration cost

In what cases is vacuum aspiration needed?

Diagnostics

In case of hyperplasia - excessive growth of the endometrium of the uterus, inflammation, polyps, or suspected cancer, diagnostic aspiration is performed. Pathological fluid or tissue sections are taken for microbiological analysis and histology to identify infectious agents, sensitivity to medicinal drugs, cancer cells. Diagnostics are often prescribed to monitor the progress of hormonal treatment.

Endometrial treatment

Therapeutic vacuum aspiration is indicated for endometritis - as a result of inflammatory processes, liquid contents accumulate in the uterine cavity - blood clots, inflammatory fluid, pus, which are removed by drainage without damaging the organ.

Specialists

Benefits of the procedure

Compared to diagnostic and therapeutic curettage, vacuum aspiration of the uterine cavity is much less traumatic, therefore, in the absence of contraindications, gynecologists give preference to it:

minimal risk of bleeding, cervical damage, inflammation and infection;
the operation is technically not complicated, short (about 5 minutes), painless, performed in outpatient setting;
rapid recovery - menstruation occurs on days 40-42.

The operation is a “one-day” procedure - if the ultrasound shows a good result, further observation is not required.

How to Prepare for Vacuum Aspiration

After examining the patient, the gynecologist will issue a referral for a clinical and laboratory examination. It includes a consultation with a therapist and a series of tests:

blood – general and biochemical, for coagulation, for sexually transmitted infections (HIV, syphilis, hepatitis);
urine;
smear on flora.

Provide your gynecologist with the results of an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs.

There is no need to take painkillers on your own. Before the operation, the doctor gives the woman an injection sedative and an antispasmodic that will relax the cervix.

Progress of the operation

How are diagnostic and therapeutic aspiration performed?

During the operation, the patient is in a gynecological chair. The genitals are processed antiseptic, speculums are inserted into the vagina. After the cervix has been disinfected, apply anesthetics probing is carried out. This stage is important for determining the volume of the cavity.

The technique of diagnostic and therapeutic aspiration is no different. The only difference is that for the selection of endometrial tissue, a catheter of a smaller diameter is selected - only 2-3 mm. The procedure takes only a few minutes.

Pregnancy after vacuum aspiration

Women do not have to worry that they will not be able to get pregnant after vacuum aspiration. There is indeed a risk of postoperative inflammation, hormonal imbalance, and injury to the cervix, but such cases are very rare.

For most patients, a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure, carried out without complications, becomes a kind of “stimulant”, thanks to which pregnancy occurs very quickly. The main thing is not to rush and plan conception no earlier than six months after vacuum aspiration.

Where to do vacuum aspiration in Moscow

In the gynecology department of the MLC, health-saving practices are practiced. medical technology, which ensure low trauma and painlessness of therapeutic and diagnostic procedures.

In our center they work experienced doctors, therefore, vacuum aspiration procedures and mini-abortions are carried out without consequences for women. And having our own laboratory reduces the time required to prepare and conduct an operation to 1-2 days.

Vacuum aspiration– this is the least traumatic method termination of pregnancy in the early stages. Using special equipment (vacuum cleaner principle) under high pressure The embryo is removed from the uterus. The procedure is carried out only on early stages pregnancy (usually up to 7 obstetric weeks– this is approximately 21 days delay menstrual flow). This procedure is also called a mini-abortion, since it is not carried out under general anesthesia and after it there are rarely serious complications.

Features of vacuum cleaning

Discharge after vacuum cleaning, as after any gynecological surgery- a completely normal phenomenon, however, their character must be strictly controlled. The norm is brown discharge immediately after surgery (lasting 1-4 days), later on the 3-4th day light bloody, but not copious, substances appear. If active bleeding appears or the discharge has a strong unpleasant odor, your body temperature has risen, and you experience pain in the lower abdomen, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Before the procedure, the woman undergoes a full examination, including: examination by a gynecologist, a series of tests, ultrasound of the pelvic organs and consultation with a therapist. During the operation, a small probe with a special attachment is inserted into the uterine cavity through the cervical canal. The doctor connects the probe to a device that creates a vacuum in the female genital organ, i.e. negative pressure. Under its action, the fertilized egg, which is not yet sufficiently attached to the wall of the uterus, is separated from it and enters the aspirator. The uterus was cleaned of ovum, but did not cause her serious damage.

The procedure is prescribed for:

interruption unwanted pregnancy in the early stages;
impossibility of further normal development pregnancy (fading, fetal pathologies, etc.);
retention of the ovum during another method of abortion or placenta after childbirth;
spontaneous abortion;
diagnostic need (biopsy, endometrium);
accumulation of fluid (serozometer) or blood (hematometer) in the uterus.

Contraindications:

late pregnancy;
inflammatory or infectious diseases uterus;
ectopic pregnancy;
a number of the patient’s diseases;
recent (less than 6 months ago) termination of pregnancy, by any means.

In total, the procedure takes 10-15 minutes. Recovery after it is 60-120 minutes.

Causes of discharge after a vacuum

You need to figure out which discharge is normal. Primary vaginal flow brown color is the result of damage to the uterine tissue. The healing period depends on the individual characteristics of the body, and lasts from 1 to 4 days. Such discharge begins immediately after surgery. After they end, new ones appear, which can easily be mistaken for menstrual bleeding, but this is a response to hormonal changes in the body. Vaginal discharge includes blood and mucus. Gradually quantitative composition changes in favor of mucus. This is due to the completion of the healing stage of damaged tissue.

Important! After vacuum aspiration there are rarely serious complications and, therefore, the appearance of atypical vaginal discharge, pain, fever indicates the need to immediately consult a doctor. If there is no discharge, then this is also a bad sign, possibly indicating a hormonal imbalance or other abnormalities.

In the week following the operation, it is necessary to exclude physical and emotional stress. It is better to spend this time at home, calmly and freeing yourself from homework. It is the lack of proper postoperative rehabilitation and causes complications.

Menstrual cycle after mini-abortion

Abortion is a serious physiological and hormonal stress for the body, no matter how it is carried out, which is why the menstrual cycle is disrupted. It is impossible to predict how long the discharge will be, when a new menstrual cycle will begin and how long it will take for the female body to recover and enter a normal physiological rhythm.

The beginning of secondary discharge after vacuum aspiration in gynecology is considered the beginning of the female cycle, but you should not expect that the next menstruation will begin at your standard time. Menstruation may start early or late.

After the abortion, the patient should spend 30-60 minutes lying on her stomach and under the supervision of a doctor. During this period, she may experience discomfort and pain. Next, similar symptoms must disappear. Due to hormonal changes a woman may experience mood swings, depression, irritability and even worsening general well-being, discomfort in groin area and mammary glands.

If a mini-abortion was performed not for medical reasons, but for the purpose of terminating a pregnancy, then the doctor will probably prescribe contraception for several menstrual cycles. Sometimes an antibiotic is also prescribed. It is important to remember that after vacuum aspiration, the woman’s body recovers very quickly and the onset of next pregnancy It is possible that the first period after the operation will begin.

The vacuum aspiration procedure is the least dangerous of all aborted procedures, however, it may have consequences that are worth considering:

partial retention of the fertilized egg (incomplete removal);
trauma to the inner surface or cervix with instruments, which can lead to bleeding;
introduction of infection;
hormonal disorders;
infertility.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is a vacuum prescribed after childbirth? In fact, there are several to assign. This is also a pathology of the uterus. To identify its nature, it is necessary to take samples of internal tissues. Indications include the need to cleanse, for example, the placenta, the uterine cavity after fertilization. And possible complications during childbirth (serozometer, hematometer, etc.) Whatever the reason for the appointment, it is worth remembering that you cannot refuse or delay this procedure, because complications from the reason for the appointment can be fatal.

Can a fertilized egg remain in the uterus after a mini-abortion? Yes, both completely and partially. If the fetus partially freezes in the uterine cavity, this procedure is repeated or done more serious procedure. If the fetus remains completely in the uterus, then this indicates a fairly tight attachment of the embryo to the wall of the uterus (it is possible that the gestational age was incorrectly determined). In this case, another method of abortion is prescribed.

Vacuum aspiration (click to view)

What anesthesia is used for a mini-abortion? Most often, the patient is given pain medication and/or local anesthesia for the cervix. However, general anesthesia is sometimes used. At local anesthesia pulling sensations are possible. However, recovery from general anesthesia takes longer, and it can take its toll on the body. But in each specific case the decision is made individually.

Should vaginal discharge Do you have any smell after cleaning? Discharge, of course, always has an odor, however, if it acquires a too bright and unjustified color or an overly strong, unpleasant odor, then this is a bell to see a doctor. This may indicate an infection has entered the uterine cavity.

Important! How to determine that the abortion was successful? After 2 weeks, the patient needs to come for an appointment, where she undergoes an ultrasound procedure, which checks for the absence of remnants of the fertilized egg in the uterine cavity. A repeat examination is carried out and it is during this period that it is possible to determine the success of the operation.

For many, the phrase vacuum aspiration is synonymous with terminating an unwanted pregnancy. However, this procedure is also performed for many medical indications. Moreover, more than one woman was saved from uterine sepsis and other complications using a vacuum. The procedure has a small list of contraindications and low level danger of consequences. This is what makes her one of the most sought after obstetricians and gynecologists.

Even strong ones can disrupt the menstrual cycle positive emotions. And any, even the most insignificant, surgical intervention will even more affect him and the nature of his menstruation. Doctors consider vacuum aspiration as such.

This is a way to get rid of a short term pregnancy. Women who have had it should be prepared for the fact that menstruation after vacuum aspiration may take on a different appearance and accompaniment.

This method of cleansing the uterine cavity is less traumatic, since it is performed at a short stage of pregnancy or to eliminate the consequences of an unsuccessful medical abortion or complications after childbirth. Using a special apparatus, the fertilized egg or retained, in other words, unnecessary contents are removed. In this case, the mucous membrane is minimally damaged, but nevertheless, this happens. It will take time to restore it and mature until it is ready for rejection.

An even more significant reason that menstruation may change after vacuum aspiration is a sudden disturbance in the composition of hormones for the body.

Everything that happens in reproductive sphere dictated by them. Normally, changes in the balance of substances have a certain pattern, which ensures regular menstruation. The intervention leads to a malfunction that prevents the correct process of cyclic development of the ovaries, uterus, and even the pituitary-hypothalamus ligament.

Carrying out vacuum aspiration to cleanse the uterine cavity from the fetus

Cycle after mini-abortion

When menstruation begins after vacuum aspiration, the first thing a woman needs to know. After all, they are evidence normal functioning reproductive system, which is important for everyone.

Doctors believe that a new cycle begins from the day the intervention was performed. This does not mean the arrival of menstruation immediately. The discharge that is discharged after surgery is a sign of healing of the uterine mucosa. Normally they have the following parameters:

Present 5-10 days;
They have blood inclusions and a corresponding color;
Accompanied by mild pain, similar to menstrual pain, but stopping in the first couple of days;
They happen initially and gradually fade away.

These secretions should not cause itching or burning, or provoke a rise in temperature. Their negative accompaniment means the development of infection, requiring further treatment. In this case, the question of when your period will come after surgery will be more difficult to answer. The recovery period is disrupted, and they can take up to six months.

In the absence of additional problems during the rehabilitation period, everything goes faster. And critical days can occur as early as 4 weeks after vacuum aspiration. A delay of 1.5-2 months is considered acceptable. Fast recovery contribute to:

Quitting smoking;
Diet without coffee and chocolate;
Complete rest;
Lack of severe physical activity, stress.

When menstruation comes after vacuum aspiration also depends on whether the woman gave birth before or not. In the latter case rehabilitation period may take longer long term. Other diseases, living conditions and psychological attitude also play their roles in recovery.

What is menstruation like after surgery?

The first period after vacuum aspiration may be less intense than the woman is used to. This is absolutely normal, since the ovaries have not completely restored their functioning, and the endometrium also does not thicken enough at the peak of development during ovulation.

For some, in this first cycle after the intervention, egg maturation may not occur at all.

It is important that menstruation does not have signs of negative developments:

If there is no menstruation

Sometimes women have complaints that the stomach is tight, but there is no menstruation after aspiration. There may be several explanations for this.

Menstruation after an abortion is a sign that no complications have arisen in the woman’s body and the hormonal levels have returned to normal. normal indicators. From the article you will learn how long after the operation menstruation resumes after an abortion, how abundant the discharge should be, and what to do if menstruation has not yet begun.

For physiological reasons, it is believed that the first day after an abortion coincides with the first day of a woman’s menstrual cycle. There will be discharge in any case, although they are not menstrual: the nature of their origin is completely different.

Depending on the period at which the operation was performed and the type of abortion, blood after it will be released with different intensity and for different periods of time. Main principle:The longer the pregnancy, the longer and more abundant the bleeding will be after an abortion.. And the higher the likelihood of complications.

If the birth took place later than 8 weeks of pregnancy, blood may be released from the uterine cavity within a month. The appearance and structure of the discharge will change - at first bloody, gradually turning into serous without color and odor.

If they last longer than expected (for example, 2 months is longer), the color changes to yellowish or brown, and bad smell from the vagina - do not delay and consult a doctor. Such symptoms indicate inflammation in the body caused by complications after an abortion. One of the reasons is that particles of the placenta or fetus remain in the uterus. Then the doctor should immediately carry out a cleaning procedure.

Menstruation after abortion

There is no clear answer as to when exactly your period should start after an abortion. This is collectively influenced a whole series factors:

Type of abortion performed (medical, vacuum, surgical)
Gestational age
Age and health status of the woman undergoing surgery
The quality of the medicines and equipment used
Professionalism of the responsible doctor

The first and most important reason is the type of abortion. Let's consider when, under normal circumstances, the first menstruation should come after each of them.

Menstruation after medical abortion

The very principle of the procedure for such an abortion is the following: artificially (medications) cause heavy bleeding, simulating menstruation. Under the influence of this flow, the fertilized egg is pushed out of the uterus, causing a miscarriage. Medical abortion is performed at short stages, when the size of the egg is still small, so its exit from the vagina does not cause much discomfort. The whole process feels different from normal menstruation only a large number discharge. It seems that you are having heavy periods.

If menstrual cycle the woman had an irregular pattern before pregnancy, most likely it will remain so after the abortion. You should consult a gynecologist about this in order to identify the original cause.

In any case, pay attention to the abundance of menstruation after surgery: if it is the same as usual - the body has recovered, there should be no reason for concern. If there is much more vaginal discharge, something is wrong, it is better to be examined by a doctor.

Menstruation after vacuum abortion

Mini abortion (also called vacuum aspiration or simply vacuum abortion) is a sparing operation, although it has more possible negative consequences than the previous type.

Vacuum suction, with the help of which the fertilized egg is removed, acts on the uterus mechanically. This can cause injury, resulting in excessive blood loss.

If the operation was successful and no complications arose, during the first few days after the mini-abortion, slight bleeding will be observed - this is the uterus pushing out the remaining excess fluid.

Under normal circumstances, periods begin one month after a vacuum abortion. Depending on the characteristics of a woman’s body, the recovery process can take up to 2, and in rare cases up to 6 months. Women who have given birth usually recover faster.

Again, changes in color, odor and abundance of fluid secreted are a sign of inflammation or infection. This is a signal that a visit to the gynecologist cannot be postponed.

Menstruation after curettage

Surgical (also called instrumental or simply curettage, cleaning) is the most traumatic and aggressive of all types of abortion. Harm can be caused by surgical spoons, with the help of which the uterus is forced to open.

Among dangerous complications: high probability development of endometritis, parametritis, pelvioperitonitis, which often lead to infertility. In the most difficult cases there is a possibility of perforation (rupture of the walls) of the uterus.

Usually, immediately after a cleansing or surgical abortion, spotting appears and lasts from 2 to 5 days.

If no complications arise, after surgical abortions, the first menstruation usually occurs 1-2 months from the date of surgery. In cases where there was a frozen pregnancy, after an abortion, menstruation is often restored only after 6-7 weeks.

More long delay, changes in color, smell and amount of discharge - as in previous cases, signs that it’s time to go to the doctor for an examination.

What to do if your period does not start after an abortion

If more than 35 days have passed since the abortion procedure and your period has not started, you should not wait longer and delay your visit to the doctor. Also do an ultrasound.

A woman in such a situation believes that everything is normal in the body and the cycle is about to be restored. Well, if so. But if you don’t get your period for a long time after an abortion, there are most likely complications. Delaying the examination will only worsen the situation.

There are several reasons why your period may not come:

Hormonal imbalance. A woman must understand that any abortion causes serious hormonal imbalance. Depending on the state of her health, the degree of damage caused during the operation, the body may need more or less time to return to normal. normal condition. It is difficult to predict how long it will take for periods and ovulation to appear; they can occur at any time. Frequent recommendation doctors after an abortion is to take hormonal contraceptives. They prevent you from unexpectedly getting pregnant again when the body is just recovering and is not ready for such a load - this time. And two: similar drugs help eliminate hormonal imbalance and return to normal faster. Take them strictly as recommended by your gynecologist.
Repeated pregnancy. If more than 35-40 days have passed since the date of surgery, and during this period you have had unprotected sexual relations, take a pregnancy test. There are cases when ovulation occurred 10 days after a vacuum or medical abortion, so the chances of getting pregnant are high. If you have undergone curettage, pregnancy occurs later - only after 10 weeks
Formation of adhesions. During surgery with strong mechanical impact Adhesions may form on internal organs from scar tissue. They are able to glue sections of tissue together and prevent the appearance of menstruation. Over time, such adhesions grow and cause other complications, including infertility. If you have the slightest suspicion of complications, consult your doctor immediately. One of the methods of getting rid of adhesions is a course of medications. After this, it is recommended to visit your doctor regularly for several years, healthy image life and have a good rest

Abortion is a procedure that invariably harms women's health. The level of complexity of an abortion only affects the extent and nature of this harm.

Vacuum abortion (aspiration) - elimination of the embryo at early stages development associated with pathological processes, or the desire of the patient. This is one of the most body-friendly methods of artificial termination of pregnancy and is considered a vacuum abortion. Women resort to this remedy at their own request (only up to twelve weeks), or the procedure is done according to medical direction- in the latter case, the period of fetal development may not be taken into account.

How is a vacuum abortion performed?

The whole process can be divided into three stages. The first is preparatory, the second is direct vacuum abortion, the third is restorative or postoperative.

The patient consults with the treating gynecologist, who recommends abortion (forced or voluntary), diagnoses the stage of development of the fetus, and gives a referral for tests to determine the general state of health and limiting or recommendatory factors. The doctor chooses the method of performing a vacuum abortion.

During the procedure, the woman is placed in a gynecological chair, the entrance to the vagina and its walls are protected with an antiseptic. For a girl who has not given birth, a metal dilator is inserted into the cervix (for a girl who has given birth there is no such need) and special drug, then the area is anesthetized and a tube with an electric suction is used. It creates a certain pressure directly in the uterus, while the tube is carefully drawn around the diameter of the cavity, touching the mucous membrane. In this way, the egg is removed under pressure. Patients after a vacuum abortion are recommended to be monitored by doctors. At this stage, cramps may occur, but more often - nausea, excessive sweating, weakness. If there are no complications, the woman is sent home.

Vacuum abortion takes from 5 to 15 minutes. After him in mandatory a course of antibiotics is prescribed to relieve pain, prevent infections, and inflammation.

Medical indications for vacuum abortion

The fertilized egg is removed at medical insistence or at the request of the mother for up to four months. The reason for termination of pregnancy may be:

Failed miscarriage - fetal development has stopped at up to 14 weeks.
The absence of an embryo in the fertilized egg, which is a consequence of a frozen pregnancy.
Inability to bear a fetus, which can be fatal for a woman.
The woman in labor became infected with rubella, smallpox or another infectious disease.
The pregnancy resulted from rape.
Gynecological pathologies that arose against the background of diseases of the uterine mucosa, partial preservation of the fetus after a surgical or medical abortion, or the placenta did not come out after caesarean section or childbirth.
Incomplete miscarriage.

What happens after a vacuum abortion

Complications after a vacuum abortion are possible, but not necessary. Mostly found in women who have undergone similar manipulations more than once.

For those who have not yet given birth, hormonal imbalance is likely, which leads to improper functioning of the ovaries, disruption of the menstrual cycle, as a last resort- infertility.

An inexperienced doctor may accidentally perforate the uterus, causing severe pain.

After the procedure, bleeding is possible due to a polyp that has formed in the placenta, which the doctor did not completely remove. It happens that the fruit has not peeled off from the wall, and therefore continues to develop.

Menstruation after vacuum abortion

Some women believe that the onset of menstruation after a vacuum abortion is a sign of recovery of the body. Indeed, the restored menstrual cycle indicates that the woman’s reproductive system is functioning normally. But still, not only the pelvic organs, but also other organs should be involved in the work important systems female body.

Vacuum abortion is considered the most in a safe way getting rid of pregnancy. The most optimal and least safe period is the 5th week of pregnancy, but no later than the 7th week. When can you expect your period? As a rule, a woman can observe up to 10 days after the procedure bleeding. As for menstruation, even doctors will not answer this question accurately. Each woman’s body is individual, so for those who have given birth, the menstrual cycle is restored within 3-4 months, and for nulliparous women it takes up to six months.

Women are often interested in whether it is possible to get pregnant immediately after a vacuum abortion? Since hormonal imbalance occurs after vacuum cleaning, ovulation, and after it menstruation, can begin unexpectedly and the risk of pregnancy increases significantly. Gynecologists suggest protecting yourself from similar troubles by taking birth control pills. With a normal outcome of aspiration, the period will come 30-50 days after the abortion.

The nature of discharge after a vacuum abortion

The menstrual cycle resumes from the moment of surgical intervention. Almost all women who have undergone vacuum aspiration are interested in the nature and duration of the discharge. This is influenced various factors, including gestational age and individual characteristics body. Discharges are different:

Weak pain syndrome and scanty spotting can be observed after a vacuum abortion in the first few days, then it turns into mucous discharge.
In some cases, after about 5 days, a more intense menstrual bleeding. This can indicate both a normal recovery period and be evidence of complications.
Normal and moderate discharge indicates that the uterine mucosa is healing.
Bleeding or discharge that has a yellowish tint and an unpleasant odor is a reason to immediately consult a specialist.

If after vacuum cleaning there are unpleasant pulling and painful sensations, but there is no discharge, we can assume:

development of stenosis (in most cases in nulliparous women);
thrombosis;
uterine bend, especially aggravated after vacuum aspiration;
hormonal imbalance.

A low-quality vacuum abortion is indicated by mucus and clots coming out. If the fertilized egg is not completely removed, an ultrasound diagnostician will provide this information during an additional examination. If the assumptions turn out to be correct, the woman will have a new aspiration to remove fetal remains.

Discharge of a dark red or scarlet color, as well as heavy discharge, in which you have to change a sanitary pad every hour, is a reason to immediately visit a doctor, since such symptoms indicate that the patient has started intrauterine bleeding.

Allaberdina
Olga Sergeevna

Gynecologist, Obstetrician-gynecologist

Hormonal levels after vacuum abortion

One of the main reasons for irregular menstrual cycles is hormonal imbalance. When a pregnancy is terminated, and the woman’s body is already set to produce hormones for bearing a fetus, a hormonal imbalance occurs due to the uselessness of these hormones. This is where the delay in menstruation occurs. If treatment is not urgently done, this can lead to the development of fibroids, polycystic ovary syndrome, and breast cysts.

The later an abortion is performed, the higher the likelihood of pathological changes occurring. If acne, nervousness, abrupt change mood, fatigue, weight gain, delay or vice versa very heavy menstruation, you should consult a specialist and get tested for hormones.

It is advisable to start taking hormonal drugs immediately after a vacuum abortion. birth control pills, which will help not only normalize hormonal levels in a woman’s body, but also protect against unwanted pregnancy.

Rehabilitation after vacuum aspiration

There is a set of measures for rehabilitation after a vacuum abortion, the list of which includes:

taking painkillers as prescribed by a doctor;
in the first one and a half days after an abortion, which takes place under general anesthesia, you should stop driving a car and any industrial machines that require concentration;
It is prohibited to use tampons for the first 2 weeks; they should be replaced with sanitary pads;
sex is excluded until bleeding stops completely;
upon resumption sexual relations contraceptives should be taken.

During the recovery period after a vacuum abortion, all of the above measures should be followed to avoid unwanted pregnancy and reduce the risk of diseases of the reproductive system.

Having sex after a vacuum abortion

In the first month after a vacuum abortion, sex under strict ban. The uterine cavity during pregnancy increases due to blood vessels and glands that secrete mucus. During the procedure, the doctor removes the fertilized egg, which connects to the mucous membrane using blood vessels. Bleeding begins due to embryo separation and rupture small vessels. We should not forget that the procedure is carried out when the cervix is opened, injuring it. Therefore, the cervix needs time to completely close and for mucus to clog the canal from infections and sperm penetration.

Thus, in order to avoid inflammatory processes, which can subsequently lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy and other complications, having sex after a vacuum abortion is strictly contraindicated. Sexual intimacy should be postponed for 3-4 weeks until the uterus is completely healed and the body as a whole is restored.

Planning a pregnancy after a vacuum abortion

Vacuum aspiration is surgical, but at the same time gentle and safe method termination of pregnancy. You can plan a pregnancy after a vacuum abortion no earlier than six months after the procedure. During this period, hormonal levels and the menstrual cycle should be restored, and female body come back to normal. Such an abortion does not affect the course of pregnancy, and it proceeds, as a rule, without complications. Despite this, repeated termination of pregnancy negatively affects a woman’s health and can provoke further complications.

Vacuum aspiration, what is it, when is it performed, for what reasons, what consequences and complications can it have? This procedure, which is a method of obtaining the contents of the uterine cavity, is used to diagnose certain gynecological diseases, as medical procedure for complications after childbirth, frozen pregnancy, as well as for termination of pregnancy in the first trimester. Let's take a closer look at all the appointments.

Termination of pregnancy

This is a simple procedure performed in many public and private clinics. The main condition is that a vacuum abortion is performed in the early stages of pregnancy, up to 3 weeks of missed menstruation. Maximum term a week longer than a medical abortion, and the procedure itself is much cheaper. Thousands of women have gone through this.

It is determined whether termination of pregnancy by vacuum aspiration (mini-abortion) is possible after receiving the results of smears on the flora, conducting an ultrasound examination, which looks at the location of the fetal egg and its size. In some cases, more often if the abortion is performed in a hospital setting, blood tests may be required (general, biochemical, coagulogram, syphilis, HIV, viral hepatitis), urine, consultation with a therapist.

Before the procedure, the woman is given injections sedative, as a sedative, and an antispasmodic to relax the cervix. The procedure usually does not require extension cervical canal, since the diameter of the catheter inserted into the uterus is no more than 6 millimeters. Everything lasts literally a minute. The woman experiences moderate painful sensations in the form of a spasm. Afterwards you need to lie on your stomach for 30-60 minutes and you can go home if your health allows. Usually the procedure is quite easy. Vacuum aspiration rarely has consequences. Sometimes the abortion may be incomplete, then you will have to repeat the procedure or do surgical abortion. Heavy bleeding after a mini-abortion it almost never happens. There may be hormonal imbalances, but they are minor, since the pregnancy is terminated early.

Discharge after vacuum aspiration of the uterine cavity can continue like regular menstruation, sometimes it can be much shorter, lasting 2-3 days. It's bad if there was no blood at all. Perhaps there is a spasm of the cervix, and the blood simply cannot leave the uterus. And this threatens a severe inflammatory process. In this case, you need to do an ultrasound and, if necessary, surgical curettage.

Menstruation after vacuum aspiration begins on its own time, that is, on average 28-35 days from the day of the abortion. If there is a delay, you need to take a pregnancy test if you had unprotected sexual intercourse after an abortion. Or wait a little. With prolonged amenorrhea, this is a delay of menstruation for one month or more, progesterone may be prescribed. When it is stopped, bleeding will begin.

It should be noted that the cycle will not go astray if you start taking hormonal contraceptives immediately after an abortion, which will also save you from unwanted pregnancy.

Medical reasons for treatment

Often the procedure is carried out not at the request of the woman, but out of medical necessity. For example, vacuum aspiration during a frozen pregnancy. This is an opportunity to avoid cleaning the uterus, which is much more “bloody” and unpleasant procedure. If a pregnancy is not developing, it is necessary to remove the fertilized egg with membranes from the uterus, otherwise it will all begin to decompose and cause inflammatory process, and maybe even sepsis. Abroad, women with a frozen pregnancy are usually given 2-3 weeks, during which a spontaneous miscarriage can occur. But in Russia it is customary to immediately do vacuum aspiration or cleansing of the uterus.

The same procedure can await women in the first days after the birth of a child. Not all women's uterus contracts well, and postpartum discharge(lochia) normally recede. Sometimes they linger in the uterus for a long time, and this is fraught with an inflammatory process. In many European countries, vacuum aspiration is performed after childbirth if lochiometra is diagnosed on ultrasound. In domestic hospitals, it is often suggested to start with Oxytocin, try to “start” uterine contractions, and then, perhaps, there will be no need to suck out the contents of the uterus, everything will come out naturally.

Diagnostics

Vacuum aspiration has indications not only related directly to pregnancy and childbirth, but also to the diagnosis of gynecological diseases. Thus, it is often performed on women with suspected endometrial hyperplasia. Or if you are planning a myomectomy (removal of uterine fibroids). After all, without histological analysis No one will remove the endometrial tumor. In case good result Ultrasound examinations, young In patients (up to 35 years old), curettage of the uterine cavity is not performed in order to simply obtain confirmation that there are no endometrial pathologies. It is being replaced by a much more gentle procedure - vacuum aspiration of the endometrium, performed without anesthesia, and even in most cases without the use of local anesthesia. It's not required. Let's clarify which is more correct this procedure called pipel biopsy or aspiration biopsy. It is indicated under this name in the price lists of clinics. Pipelle biopsy is also prescribed for long-term infertility, in preparation for IVF.

So this is how it all happens. First, the woman takes a regular smear for flora. The doctor must make sure that there is no inflammation. Otherwise, during the procedure, pathogenic microorganisms can be introduced into the uterine cavity, and then acute endometritis will begin.

Depending on the purpose of the study, the day of the menstrual cycle for pipel biopsy can be chosen differently. Knowing that the procedure is, to put it mildly, unpleasant, many women shortly before the procedure take painkillers and antispasmodics (to avoid spasms of the cervical canal). This issue should be discussed in advance with a gynecologist. However, you should not immediately think that the procedure is unbearably painful. Women have different pain threshold. Another good pain reliever is lidocaine spray. If the clinic does not have it in stock, you can purchase it yourself and bring it to your appointment.

Woman lies down on usual gynecological chair. The doctor installs a speculum and treats the cervix with alcohol (may pinch). After this, a thin catheter is inserted into the uterus. It should be noted that its diameter is 2-3 millimeters, which is 2 times less than during abortion. After all, there is no fertilized egg in the uterus, the diameter of which is matched to the catheter. This means that introducing it is much faster and easier. Literally within 30 seconds the endometrium is absorbed from different parts uterus. Afterwards the catheter is taken out. The procedure is completed. After it, pain, like cramps, in the uterine area and slight bleeding may persist for some time.

Vacuum aspiration of the contents of the uterine cavity imposes slight restrictions on sexual activity after it. If everything goes without complications, then you need to abstain from sex for a period of 3-4 days. By the way, good news for those planning a pregnancy. There are statistics that prove that after aspiration biopsy I can get pregnant right away. Exact reason Scientists don’t know this yet. But most likely, there is a positive reaction of the endometrium to its slight trauma.

Vacuum aspiration (mini-abortion) is a method of terminating pregnancy by suctioning the fetus using a vacuum pump.

Distinctive feature this method compared to others, is its gentle and safe approach to surgery. The vacuum aspiration procedure is prescribed by a gynecologist, taking into account medical indications when pregnancy poses a danger to the mother and child: anomalies and disorders in the development of the fetus, chronic diseases, health threatening and a woman's life, unsuccessfully spent medical abortion. A mini-abortion can be prescribed at the request of the woman herself, if there are no contraindications to its implementation.

What kind of discharge after a mini-abortion is normal?

As a rule, several days immediately after an abortion are accompanied by bloody discharge, lasting up to 10 days, is an inevitable outcome of injury to the walls of the uterus. This discharge is not yet menstrual, but in consistency, abundance and color it is very similar to it.

rest more;
follow a diet;
give up bad habits;
don't drink coffee;
do not eat dark chocolate;
systematically measure body temperature in the morning and evening.

At normal course recovery period and there are no complications after 2-3 weeks it’s still worth doing ultrasound examination to confirm wound healing and rule out any danger.

First period after mini-abortion

The time when the first period comes after surgery is determined individually for each woman. For some, this process occurs with a delay, and for others it occurs even earlier than expected. For women who have given birth, the process of restoring the menstrual cycle occurs over 3-4 months, and for nulliparous women it can last up to six months.

If your first period has acquired a yellowish tint, it is unpleasant pungent odor, painful sensations, and your health has noticeably worsened, consult a doctor for advice and a detailed examination, as these changes may be a sign of complications.

After an abortion, it is advisable to start taking it immediately oral contraceptives to protect yourself from unwanted pregnancy and help the body normalize hormonal balance.

How to calculate the acceptable date for the appearance of the first menstruation

IN best case scenario Your period should begin within a month after the operation. The intensity of discharge may differ from the usual flow critical days, which were before pregnancy. They can become especially abundant and painful, or, conversely, scanty and almost unnoticeable.

There is a universal way to calculate the permissible period for the appearance of menstruation. If a woman’s normal menstrual cycle lasts 28 days, then the first menstruation should come 28 days from the date of the mini-abortion (for example, September 1). A delay of 7-10 days is allowed. That is, to calculate the start date, you need to add up the number of days of the cycle and the delay, then count the resulting amount from the day of the month in which the mini-abortion was performed. For clarity, consider the calculation:

28 days M.C. + 10 days delay = 38 days;

My period never started

If menstruation after a mini-abortion does not occur before the calculated permissible period, this may indicate the existence of remnants of the fertilized egg in the uterus, the presence of an inflammatory process, or become news of a new pregnancy. To determine the reason for the absence of menstruation, you need to contact antenatal clinic and undergo laboratory and clinical examination.

What discharge indicates complications?

The expected periods have arrived, but what to do when their appearance and consistency are alarming and differ from the usual pattern.

In this case, it is important to know what the discharge indicates:

They're going too scanty and painful periods. When the menstrual cycle signaled its beginning, it “smeared” a little, then stopped, and the next day a drop of blood was again found on the pad, but another day later the menstruation disappeared completely, this may indicate a large blood clot has formed in the cervix. Complete absence menstruation on time, accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen, can also signal a blood clot. By blocking the exit, it prevents movement of accumulated secretions. The accumulation of blood in the uterus can cause an inflammatory process, so if this symptom appears, you should immediately consult a doctor.
Heavy yellow or white discharge come with a strong unpleasant odor. These symptoms are accompanied by the onset of inflammation. Often this process occurs with an increase in body temperature.
Clots and mucus. Menstruation accompanied by blood clots may indicate an unfinished mini-abortion. In this case it is necessary to carry out additional examination and after confirming the guess, carry out necessary procedure to remove the remains of the fertilized egg from the uterus.
Heavy bleeding. When the discharge turns scarlet or an intense dark red hue, this may be a sign intrauterine bleeding. If the pad fills completely within an hour, and the period itself lasts at this rhythm for several hours, then you should immediately contact a specialist.

Any surgical intervention, even the most gentle one, is not painless and asymptomatic. Monitor your body's behavior until symptoms disappear completely. postoperative recovery. Our body true friend and an adviser who will never deceive and in case of danger will definitely warn about it.

Even a minor operation can affect the nature of menstruation. This also applies to such relatively gentle surgical interventions as vacuum aspiration. Real menstruation after vacuum aspiration begins only on the 30-40th day. They are preceded by menstrual-like discharge, the arrival of which can be expected 4-5 days after the operation.

The next menstrual cycle begins on the day of surgery. Discharge preceding normal periods indicates that the damaged uterine lining is healing. If there are no pathologies, they are present for 5-10 days and have bloody inclusions. Sometimes during the first 2-3 days a mild pain syndrome is observed, but over time these sensations gradually disappear.

Whether or not to make a vacuum should be decided by the woman herself, based on her moral convictions and the doctor’s recommendations. This is an approved method of getting rid of an unwanted pregnancy. Surgery is performed on an outpatient basis, and the duration of the operation varies from 2 to 10 minutes.

Normal discharge

First menstruation after surgical intervention usually less intense. This condition is not considered pathological. It is explained by the incompletely restored functioning of the ovaries and insufficient thickening of the endometrium.

For many young ladies, their periods come later after a vacuum. Some women can expect the arrival of “critical days” earlier than expected due to the stress on the body caused by the intervention.

The final return of the cycle to normal in women who have become mothers is observed within 3-4 months. For nulliparous young ladies, it is acceptable to be “late” for six months. After this, “critical days” again begin to come once a month regularly.

No allocations

Sometimes women complain that, despite discomfort in the lower abdomen, no. In this case, the following pathologies can be suspected:

stenosis uterine cervix;
thrombosis;
uterine bend.

In addition, it is logical to assume a new pregnancy or the presence hormonal disorder. The development of cervical stenosis is more typical for women who did not have time to become mothers. Vacuum aspiration involves enlargement of the cervical canal. Against this background, a decrease in the uterine cervix may be observed.

Pathology leads to the fact that the “necessary” layer of the endometrium is rejected, but the discharge has no opportunity to leave the uterine cavity. Over time, menstrual secretions accumulate and severe pain occurs. Against this background, the inflammatory process easily develops due to the proliferation of microorganisms in the secretions.

Due to the expansion of the veins located in reproductive organs, thrombosis often develops. Appeared blood clots are an obstacle to the outflow of secretions. In this case, there is pain in the lower abdomen. If the disease is not treated, an inflammatory process develops in the uterine cavity, similar to that with cervical stenosis.

If the organ originally had incorrect position, surgical intervention makes its deviation even stronger, which prevents free exit menstrual blood. Accumulated secretions in the uterine cavity cause inflammation and severe pain.

Due to refusal hormonal contraceptives may be observed new pregnancy. Theoretically, it can occur already in the first cycle after vacuum aspiration.

How to calculate the timing of the appearance of discharge

Many women are interested in how to calculate the timing of the appearance of new “critical days” after surgery. This is quite easy to do.

First, a woman must determine.
The next step is to add the delay duration to it.
After this, focusing on the date when the operation was performed, you need to add the resulting amount to it.

It all depends on the length of the cycle. For most women, its duration is 28 days. Considering possible delay in 7-10 days, the arrival of the first menstruation after surgery should be expected approximately 35-38 days after vacuum aspiration.

It's time to sound the alarm

You should contact a doctor if there are differences from the usual discharge. You need to sound the alarm in the following cases:

If a woman feels like her period is about to start, but on a certain day only spotting appears, which then stops, you should be wary. The next day you can see a drop of fresh blood on the hygiene product. After another 24 hours, menstruation suddenly disappears. This symptom warns of the presence of a large blood clot in the area of the uterine cervix.

The appearance of discharge of a whitish or yellowish tint is considered especially dangerous. If they are accompanied by a sharp “aroma” and an increase in body temperature, we may be talking about the beginning of an inflammatory process.

The presence of mucus and clots is a sign of incomplete vacuum aspiration.

In this case, the woman needs additional examination. If ultrasound detects the remains of the fertilized egg, a new operation is performed.

If the discharge takes on a dark red or scarlet hue, we may be talking about. When hygiene product fills with blood within 60 minutes and this condition does not disappear for 3-5 hours, the woman should immediately visit the gynecological office.

After the vacuum, soon it is possible. To do this, a woman must give up smoking and alcohol. Consumption of chocolate and caffeine should be kept to a minimum. Food should be healthy, properly prepared and easy to digest. It is advisable to completely avoid fatty and spicy foods. You need to drink freshly squeezed fruit and vegetable juices, compotes and fruit drinks. Sleep should be long and full. Stressful situations and difficult tasks physical work should be avoided whenever possible.

Finally

Any surgery, even the most delicate, does not pass without a trace. Most often appear alarming symptoms, warning about problems in the body. To avoid the appearance serious illnesses a woman should listen to herself and, if necessary, seek help as soon as possible.