Mumps, or otherwise mumps, is an acute viral infection transmitted by airborne droplets. It primarily affects the parotid and submandibular salivary glands. They swell, causing the face to blur (that’s why mumps is popularly called “mumps”).

Both adults and children get mumps, but most often it affects children over 3 years of age. In the first year of life, infants are reliably protected from the virus by maternal antibodies, which are transmitted during pregnancy through the placental barrier, and after the birth of the child - through breast milk. Moreover, boys become infected with the mumps virus 2 times more often than girls.

You can become infected by coughing or talking to a sick person. " Entrance gate» for infection are the mucous membranes of the throat and nose. From there, along the lymphatic and blood vessels the virus enters the parotid and salivary glands and can reach the pancreas and genitals.

The incubation period is 1.5-3 weeks. Then a temperature of up to 39°C appears, a headache, the salivary glands behind the ears and under the jaw swell, and sometimes the swelling descends to the neck. The child refuses to eat because it is difficult for him to chew. If the infectious agent settles in the genitals, boys feel pain in the testicles, girls - in the lower abdomen.

Swelling and temperature usually subside on days 3-5, and on days 8-11 the mumps finally recedes. However, you need to know that the sick person is dangerous to others from 1 to 9 days of illness, quarantine must be strictly maintained and you can go outside only on the 10th day after the appearance of symptoms of mumps.

Those who have had mumps acquire lifelong immunity.

And mumps doesn’t seem to be scary, but for some reason everyone is afraid of it. And they do it right. It is not so much the disease itself that is dangerous, but its long-term consequences. Moreover, it is believed that most often serious consequences"visit" boys. If the virus settles in the testicles, it can cause inflammation - orchitis, and this often leads to infertility. This complication occurs in 20-30% of affected boys and adult men. In girls and adult women, in 5% of cases, the mumps virus affects the ovaries and their inflammation develops - oophoritis. This can also cause infertility.

In approximately 4% of cases, the mumps virus causes inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), 1 in 200-5000 patients may develop inflammation of the membranes of the brain (meningitis), and 1 in 10,000 patients may develop meningoencephalitis (inflammation of the membranes and substance of the brain), which can lead to the most tragic ending.

Prevention of mumps

For mumps it is carried out cleanly symptomatic treatment. Specific antiviral therapy, as for measles and rubella, no. Modern medicine can't prevent severe course illness and complications. For this reason, the main means of preventing this disease is vaccination.

In accordance with the national vaccination calendar, the first vaccination against mumps is carried out in Russia at 12-15 months and the second time at 6-7 years. It is believed that after this the child acquires lifelong immunity. Adults who have not had mumps and have not been vaccinated against it can get vaccinated at any age. Emergency prevention carried out for children from 12 months, adolescents and adults who have not had mumps, have not been vaccinated before and have had contact with patients. In the absence of contraindications, the vaccine is administered no later than 72 hours from the moment of contact with the patient. Mumps vaccinations can be given on the same day as vaccinations against measles, polio, hepatitis B, whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus.

Mumps vaccines

The following vaccines against mumps are registered and approved for use in Russia: MMP II, Priorix, Mumps cultural live dry vaccine.

MMP II and Priorix are complex vaccines; they are used to vaccinate against measles, rubella, and mumps. Domestic vaccine dry mumps culture live, like MMP II and Priorix, contains a greatly weakened mumps virus. Unlike imported vaccines, it is made from quail, not chicken eggs, and on quail eggs allergies are less common.

Adverse reactions to the mumps vaccine

Adverse reactions to these vaccines are rare. In 10% of vaccinated people, slight swelling and redness may appear at the vaccination site. The swelling goes away on its own after 1-2 days, no treatment is required. Reactions in the form of small increase fever, redness of the throat, runny nose. It happens that within 1-3 days there is an increase in the parotid salivary glands. These symptoms may appear from 5 to 14 days after vaccination, enlargement of the parotid salivary glands - and on the 21st day after vaccination.

Allergies occur, as a rule, to so-called ballast, or additional substances included in the composition of the drug. An allergic reaction usually begins within the first 1-2 days after vaccination. They talk about it if the swelling and redness at the injection site is more than 8 cm in diameter.

On days 6-11 after vaccination, against a background of high (more than 38°C) temperatures, babies may develop febrile seizures. After this, it is necessary to show the child to a neurologist.

A vaccine-associated disease after mumps vaccination is serous meningitis (non-purulent inflammation of the meninges). This occurs at a rate of 1 in 100,000 vaccine doses. If you have mumps this complication occurs in 25% of cases, that is, in 25,000 per 100,000 cases.

Contraindications

In case of acute or exacerbation of chronic diseases, vaccination is postponed until recovery or stable remission. Mumps vaccination is also contraindicated during pregnancy, in immunodeficiency conditions and severe reactions to the injection. measles vaccine, as well as allergies to quail eggs and aminoglycosides.

Manufacturer: Federal State Unitary Enterprise NPO Microgen Russia

PBX code: J07BE01

Farm group:

Release form: Liquid dosage forms. Solution for injection.

General characteristics. Compound:

Active ingredient: not less than 20,000 (4.3 lg) tissue cytopathogenic doses (TCD50) of mumps virus.

Excipients: stabilizer - mixture aqueous solution LS-18* and 10% gelatin solution, gentamicin sulfate.

Note. *Composition of the aqueous solution of LS-18: sucrose, lactose, sodium glutamic acid, glycine, L-proline, Hanks dry mixture with phenol red, water for injection.

Mumps cultural live vaccine, lyophilisate for preparing a solution for subcutaneous administration, is prepared by cultivating an attenuated strain of the mumps virus Leningrad-3 on a primary cell culture of quail embryos.

Indications for use:

Prevention of mumps, starting at 12 months of age.

According to National calendar preventive vaccinations, vaccination is carried out twice at the age of 12 months and 6 years for children who have not been sick mumps.

Emergency prophylaxis is carried out for children from 12 months of age, adolescents and adults who have had contact with someone with mumps, who have not had mumps, or who have not previously been vaccinated against this infection. In the absence of contraindications, the vaccine is administered no later than 72 hours from the moment of contact with the patient.

Important! Get to know the treatment

Directions for use and dosage:

Immediately before use, the vaccine is diluted with a solvent for measles, mumps and mumps-measles cultured live vaccines (hereinafter referred to as the solvent) at the rate of 0.5 ml of solvent per one vaccination dose of the vaccine.

The vaccine should completely dissolve within 3 minutes.Dissolved vaccine - clear liquid pink color.

The vaccine and solvent are not suitable for use in ampoules with damaged integrity, labeling, or if they have been changed. physical properties(color, transparency, etc.), expired or improperly stored. The opening of ampoules and the vaccination procedure are carried out in strict compliance with the rules of asepsis and antiseptics.

Ampoules with vaccine and solvent at the incision site are treated at 70° ethyl alcohol and break off, preventing alcohol from getting into the ampoule.

To dilute the vaccine, select the entire required volume of solvent and transfer it to an ampoule with dry vaccine. After mixing, the vaccine is drawn with another needle into a sterile syringe, which is then used for vaccination. The vaccine is administered subcutaneously in a volume of 0.5 ml under the shoulder blade or in the shoulder area (at the border between the lower and middle third shoulder with outside), having previously treated the skin at the site of vaccine administration with 70° ethyl alcohol.

The dissolved vaccine is used immediately and cannot be stored.The vaccination performed is registered in the established registration forms, indicating the name of the drug, date of vaccination, dose, manufacturer, batch number, expiration date, reaction to the vaccine.

Features of application:

Considering the possibility of developing allergic reactions immediate type (anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema, ) in particularly sensitive persons, vaccinated persons must be provided with medical supervision within 30 min.

Vaccination sites must be provided with anti-shock therapy.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.Vaccination is contraindicated.

Side effects:

In most vaccinated people, the vaccination process is asymptomatic.After administration of the vaccine, the following may occur: adverse reactions varying degrees expressiveness:

Often (1/10 - 1/100):

From 5 to 15 days - short-term slight increase body temperature, catarrhal symptoms from the nasopharynx (mild hyperemia of the pharynx, rhinitis).With the mass use of the vaccine, an increase in body temperature above 38.5 ° C should not occur in more than 2 percent of vaccinated people. An increase in body temperature above 38.5 °C in the post-vaccination period is an indication for the prescription of antipyretics.

Rarely (1/1000 - 1/10000):

In the first 48 hours after vaccination, local reactions, expressed in skin hyperemia and mild swelling at the site of vaccine administration, which go away without treatment;
. from 5 to 42 days - a slight increase in the parotid salivary glands lasting 2-3 days;
. anxiety, lethargy, sleep disturbance.

Very rarely (<1/10000):

In the first 24-48 hours - allergic reactions that occur in individuals with altered reactivity;
. after 2-4 weeks - benign serous. Each case requires differential diagnosis;
. painful short-term swelling of the testicles.

If side effects occur that are not described in the instructions, the patient should inform the doctor about them.

Interaction with other drugs:

Vaccination against mumps can be carried out simultaneously (on the same day) with other calendar vaccinations (against measles, rubella, polio, hepatitis B, whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, influenza, Haemophilus influenzae) provided they are administered to different parts of the body or not earlier than 1 month after the previous vaccination.

After the administration of human immunoglobulin preparations, vaccinations against mumps are carried out no earlier than 2 months later.

After administration of the mumps vaccine, immunoglobulin preparations can be administered no earlier than 2 weeks later; If it is necessary to use immunoglobulin earlier than this period, vaccination against mumps should be repeated.

Contraindications:

Anaphylactic reactions or severe forms of allergic reactions to aminoglycosides (gentamicin sulfate), chicken and/or quail eggs.

Primary, malignant blood diseases and neoplasms. A severe reaction (temperature rise above 40 C, hyperemia and/or swelling more than 8 cm in diameter at the site of vaccine administration) or a complication of a previous administration of mumps or mumps-measles vaccines.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding period.

Acute diseases or exacerbation of chronic diseases.

Note. HIV infection is not a contraindication to vaccination.

Storage conditions:

In a place protected from light, at a temperature of 4-8 °C and a humidity of no more than 60%. Storage at a temperature of -20-24 °C is allowed. Keep out of the reach of children. Shelf life - 2 years.

Vacation conditions:

By prescription

Package:

Lyophilisate for preparing a solution for subcutaneous administration. 1 or 2 doses per ampoule. The pack contains 10 ampoules with instructions for use and an insert with the stacker number.

Mumps vaccine. Separation of contact persons

Diseases such as measles, rubella and mumps are included in the list of “classical” childhood infections. These diseases are caused by viruses, are highly contagious (infectious) and have an airborne transmission mechanism, therefore they are included in the group of children's diseases. droplet infections. Mostly young children suffer from measles, rubella and mumps. However, on at the moment There has been an increase in the incidence of childhood infections among adolescents and adults.

According to the NKPP (national calendar preventive vaccinations), MMR (measles, mumps, rubella vaccination), is done at twelve months and at six years (booster vaccination).

Many parents are wary of this vaccination because it is a live vaccine. It is known that in young children these infections are usually mild. Because of this, there is an opinion that one should not load a child with vaccines and “interfere” with his natural immunity.

At the moment, the anti-vaccination movement has gained wide popularity and parents are increasingly categorically refusing to vaccinate their children.

Of course, the risk of complications always exists when using any medicine, vaccines, etc. Absolutely and one hundred percent safe medicines does not exist. However, with strict adherence to the methodology for preparing for vaccination and the rules for administering the vaccine, as well as the use of high-quality vaccine (not expired and properly preserved) and following the doctor’s recommendations in post-vaccination period, the risk of complications from vaccination is minimal.

Why is MMR vaccination necessary?

In this case, you need to understand main feature childhood droplet infections - in children they usually occur in mild or moderate forms. However, in adults, these infections can be extremely severe and lead to serious complications.

When registering a refusal to vaccinate younger age, fearing complications from the introduction of the vaccine or considering it an unreasonable burden on the immune system, the parent must be aware of the full range of risks for the child in the future.

The danger of rubella for pregnant women

Rubella, which is usually mild in young children (complications such as rubella encephalitis occur in approximately 1 child out of 1000), poses a serious danger for a pregnant woman who has not been vaccinated and has not had rubella.

The rubella virus has a high affinity for fetal tissues and can lead to the development of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). A baby with CRS is born with birth defects hearts, blindness and deafness. Also, the rubella virus can infect fetal brain tissue (later severe mental retardation), his liver, spleen, etc. Rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy can cause miscarriage or miscarriage.

The main danger of rubella for women carrying a child is that a woman can suffer from the disease in an erased form. With this course of the disease, only isolated rashes may be observed over several days. The pregnant woman’s well-being is not affected, and the woman can write off small rash for allergies. However, even erased forms of rubella have a severe teratogenic and mutagenic effect on the fetus.

In this regard, at the slightest suspicion of rubella, a pregnant woman should be examined for the presence of anti-rubella antibodies. When infected with rubella, early stages termination of pregnancy may be recommended. The final decision is made only by the mother. She must be informed of all risks to the unborn child and high probability the presence of severe congenital defects.

In this regard, all women who have not been sick and have not been vaccinated are recommended to be vaccinated against rubella when planning pregnancy. It is not recommended to become pregnant within 3 months after vaccination. However, the onset of pregnancy before three months after vaccination is not an indication for termination of pregnancy, since significantly weakened viruses are used during vaccination.

Features of preparation for vaccination

Measles, rubella, mumps vaccination is on the list of mandatory ones. However, the issue of vaccination is considered strictly individually for each child. This is due to the fact that MMR vaccination, like any other, has a number of general and specific contraindications or time restrictions for implementation. Therefore, before vaccination, the child must be examined by a pediatrician and undergo general tests ( general analysis blood and urine).

Without a preliminary examination, tests and obtaining permission from a pediatrician for vaccination, vaccination cannot be given.

Compliance with these safety measures will minimize the risk of complications after vaccination.

Which vaccine against measles, rubella, mumps is better?

Since MCP, according to the national calendar of state vaccinations, is included in the list of mandatory ones, vaccines are purchased by the state. The vaccination is given free of charge.

Most often, the domestic vaccine against measles and mumps and the Indian vaccine against rubella are used.

If necessary, the Priorix ® vaccine containing all three viruses is used.

All vaccines undergo preliminary studies for effectiveness and safety.

Domestic vaccines measles rubella mumps

L-16 ® (anti-measles).

Antirubella Russian vaccine does not exist.

Imported vaccines measles rubella mumps

Trivaccines include:

MMR-II ® ;
Priorix®.

Antirubella:

Rudivax®;
Ervevax®.

Contraindications to vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps

Vaccination is carried out only after the child has been examined by a doctor and tested. The vaccine is administered in a clinic by qualified personnel. At home, on your own, etc. no vaccination is given.

Due to the fact that a live (weakened) vaccine is used, mumps, measles, rubella vaccination is not given for:

the patient has allergic reactions to chicken (quail) eggs and aminoglycoside antibiotics;
individual hypersensitivity to vaccine components;
allergies to the vaccine during the first administration (contraindication for revaccination);
confirmed or suspected pregnancy;
the presence of acute diseases or exacerbation chronic pathologies;
pronounced cellular immunodeficiency and the presence clinical manifestations HMV infections;
the presence of malignant neoplasms leading to impaired reactions cellular immunity(leukemia, lymphoma, etc.).

The vaccine is used with caution if the patient has a history of severe allergic reactions(of any origin) and convulsive seizures.

The feature is also taken into account drug interactions. Mumps, measles, rubella vaccination is not given to patients who have received immunoglobulin preparations or blood plasma components. In this case, the interval between the administration of these drugs and the vaccine should be three months.

Considering that the mumps, measles, and rubella vaccination is done with live, attenuated vaccines, it is strictly forbidden to combine it with the administration of other live vaccines.

If a child has had measles, rubella or mumps, this is not a contraindication to revaccination at 6 years of age.

Vaccination of children born to HIV-positive mothers

The greatest difficulty is vaccinating children born to HIV-infected mothers. For this category of patients, preventive vaccinations are extremely important, since due to severe immunodeficiency they are more difficult to tolerate any infections, and, therefore, they have a significantly higher risk fatal outcome and the development of complications from the disease. Timely vaccination can improve the prognosis and reduce the risk for such patients.

Previously, MMR vaccination was not given to children with HIV. However, latest research confirmed that HIV-infected children are capable of developing a cellular and humoral immune response (despite a decrease in antibody levels).

Vaccination is carried out only after exposure final diagnosis and tested for CD4+ cells. Vaccination of mumps, measles, rubella is performed for children without clinical and pronounced cellular manifestations immunodeficiency.

For patients with contraindications, after contact with patients with measles or mumps, prophylaxis with immunoglobulins is indicated.

Side effects of the measles, rubella, mumps vaccine, how to avoid?

It is necessary to understand that the appearance of a runny nose, slight weakness, increased temperature (37-38 degrees), slight redness of the throat and a mild rash is normal reaction child for a vaccine. There may also be slight swelling parotid glands and redness at the site where the vaccine was administered.

Photo of the rash after MMR vaccination (measles, mumps, rubella):

Rash after PDA

This reaction is not a reason to panic. When a rash appears, children are advised to take antihistamines. It should be noted that to reduce the risk of developing a rash after vaccination, taking antihistamines should be started two days before vaccination and continued for at least three days after it.

Additionally, a course of sorbents (Enterosgel ®) may be recommended. However, it should be remembered that the time interval between taking sorbents and other medications should be at least two hours. Drinking plenty of fluids is also recommended.

To reduce the risk of developing unwanted effects, it is also recommended that on the first day after vaccination you should refrain from going out and inviting guests. In the future, in the absence of contraindications, walks are allowed.

When the temperature rises above 37.5-38 degrees, antipyretics (paracetamol, ibuprofen ®) are used. Aspirin ® is contraindicated.

Antiviral drugs, antibiotics, immunoglobulins, etc. If the temperature rises and a runny nose appears after vaccination, it is not prescribed.

Most often, MMR vaccination is tolerated easily or with a slight increase in temperature, runny nose and mild rash. Severe reactions of allergic origin and other complications from the administration of the vaccine occur extremely rarely, as a rule, when the rules of preparation for vaccination are not followed and the drug is administered to patients with contraindications.

True side effects vaccinations that require immediate medical attention are:

high fever resistant to antipyretics;
profuse draining rash;
convulsions;
multiform;
otitis;
bronchitis and pneumonia, etc.

Is it possible to go for a walk after getting the measles, rubella, mumps vaccine?

A contraindication to walking is if the baby has a fever reaction to the vaccine. After the temperature has stabilized, or if the vaccination is well tolerated, walks are allowed.

Where is the measles, rubella, mumps vaccine given?

The vaccine is administered subcutaneously (under the shoulder blade or in the shoulder). Some vaccines (Priorix) can be administered intramuscularly.

Intravenous administration is strictly prohibited for any vaccine.

Is it possible to get mumps, measles or rubella if you have been vaccinated?

According to statistics, about 15% of children after the first vaccination can suffer from measles, rubella or mumps. However, in vaccinated children these diseases often occur in an erased form and do not lead to the development severe complications.

Mumps - common viral infection, which often leads to the development dangerous consequences. More than 4 thousand cases of infection of people of various types are diagnosed annually in the world. age groups. Therefore, vaccination against mumps was introduced into Russia.

What is the danger of mumps?

The causative agent of mumps or mumps is an RNA-containing virus, which leads to damage to the glandular organs (submandibular and parotid salivary glands, gonads) and the central nervous system. Infectious disease is transmitted by airborne droplets, is diagnosed in people of any age, but is more common in children over 3 years of age.

Infection with mumps occurs during direct contact with a sick person, when using his things, dishes, toys. Viral particles can remain viable for some time during external environment, do not die under the influence of low temperature.

The incubation period of mumps is 1.5-3 weeks. Next, the patient experiences an increase in body temperature (no more than 39 0 C), general weakness and lethargy. The disease provokes damage to the salivary and parotid glands, which causes inflammation in the organs, causing them to become sore and swollen. Mumps often leads to the development of pain during chewing, as a result, many patients refuse to eat.

A viral infection can trigger the development of pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus the second type in 4% of cases. However, most dangerous complication considered inflammation of the brain. The disease occurs in the form of meningitis and meningoencephalitis. If the patient does not receive timely and effective treatment, then death is possible.

Immunization schedule

Vaccination against mumps is carried out as planned, according to the National Vaccination List, and urgently if there has been contact with infected person. Immunization is carried out only after examination by a specialist who can assess the patient’s condition.

The first mumps vaccine is given to children at 12 months. If the child has relative contraindications(infectious disease, chronic pathology has worsened), then vaccination is recommended to be postponed until 1.5 years. This period is considered ideal for the production of specific antibodies that provide reliable immunity.
Revaccination is given to a child at 6 years of age. Immunization against mumps can be combined with other vaccinations or carried out after 30 days. The only exception is vaccination against tuberculosis, which involves the introduction of a live, weakened pathogen, and therefore is a significant burden for the body.

Experts believe that two vaccinations are enough to form lifelong immunity. However, teenage boys are recommended to have their blood tested for the presence of specific antibodies to mumps. If they are absent, then the child needs additional immunization. Only this prevents the development of mumps and orchitis.

During an epidemic or contact with an infected person, it is necessary to carry out emergency vaccination. Mumps vaccination is given to patients over 1 year of age who have not had a viral infection and have not been fully immunized. The vaccine should be administered within 72 hours of possible exposure.

Types of vaccine preparations

The following mumps vaccines are allowed in Russia:

Live mumps culture vaccine (LVP). The drug is administered once under the skin in the area of the shoulder blade or the outer part of the shoulder. Repeated injection is indicated for persons who do not develop antibodies in their blood after vaccination;
Priorix (Belgium). This is a complex vaccine preparation, which consists of lyophilisates of weakened viruses, forms immunity simultaneously against mumps, rubella and measles. After the first injection, protective antibodies against mumps are produced in 96% of patients. The vaccine is administered intramuscularly in the shoulder or top surface hips at 1 year, revaccination is indicated at 6 and 15 years. Adult patients are vaccinated every 10 years, starting at age 22;
MMR II (USA). The attenuated vaccine protects a person against measles, rubella and mumps. The vaccine preparation leads to the creation of immunity, the duration of which is 11 years. Vaccination is given to children at 1 year, 6 and 15 years. Starting at age 22, patients need immunization every 10 years.
Mumps-measles cultured live vaccine. This is a divaccinal drug that forms immunity against mumps and measles. Vaccination is given to children at 1 and 6 years of age.

Doctors recommend using complex vaccine preparations for vaccination, because the immunization schedule against mumps, rubella and measles are the same. The use of a polyvalent vaccine allows a child to receive only 1 injection against 3 infections, which significantly reduces the load on the immune system. Therefore, in Western countries, only complex preparations are used for vaccination.

Possible adverse reactions

The vaccine preparation is usually well tolerated and rarely causes severe complications. However, the following undesirable effects may occur after vaccination:

After 1-2 weeks the child may develop headache, decreased appetite, sleep disturbance, increased body temperature;
Quite rarely, the appearance of catarrhal phenomena is observed: redness of the throat, the occurrence of rhinitis, coughing attacks;
Increase in the size of the parotid salivary glands. The symptom usually goes away on its own within 1-3 days.

The listed symptoms do not require additional treatment. Only in some cases, if the child has a tendency to develop febrile seizures, it is necessary to use antipyretics to normalize the temperature.

However, complications may occur after vaccination. They are usually expressed in the development of the following conditions:

Intoxication of the body. The patient develops persistent fever and malaise;
Pathologies of the nervous system. In case of severe immunodeficiency, vaccination can lead to inflammation of the membranes of the brain (aseptic serous meningitis). The disease develops within 18-34 days after injection of the vaccine preparation. Pathology is different light current, so after a week the person recovers;
Allergic reaction. The patient may experience hives, a rash accompanied by itching, angioedema Quincke.

When should you not get vaccinated?

Experts recommend refusing immunization if you have the following conditions:

Severe immunodeficiency (HIV, cancer, tuberculosis);
Acute course infectious diseases, exacerbation of chronic pathologies. This contraindication is temporary. In such cases, vaccination is carried out after the patient’s well-being has normalized;
Presence of hypersensitivity to any ingredient of the vaccine preparation;
Negative reaction to a previous vaccination against mumps;
Having an allergy to chicken or quail protein, on the basis of which vaccine preparations are made;
Pregnancy period;
Availability severe pathologies blood.

Is it worth getting vaccinated?

Mumps is not considered a fatal infection, so many parents wonder how necessary the mumps vaccination is. There are the following reasons for immunization:

Before the introduction of universal vaccination against mumps, the viral infection was diagnosed in all children; it had the character of an epidemic. But immunization avoided this.
Viral particles cause damage glandular tissue regardless of its location. Therefore, mumps often provokes inflammation of the genital organs;
Mumps is more common in boys, causing late complications testicular atrophy and infertility;
Mumps can lead to pancreatitis, which is characterized by severe pain syndrome, requires lifelong conservative treatment;
Pig calling inflammatory processes in the brain, which causes disability or death of the patient;
Quite rarely, infection provokes the development of deafness.

Mumps vaccination allows you to avoid all of these complications. Immunization is tolerated quite easily and rarely leads to the development negative reactions. Therefore, doctors strongly recommend protecting the child from a dangerous infection.

However, some experts do not recommend immunization in young children. Doctors argue their opinion by the fact that after mumps a person develops lifelong immunity, and the immune response after vaccination can disappear after 3-4 years. Therefore, such pediatricians strive to ensure that the child suffers the infection in early age when the risk of developing serious complications short.

How to reduce the risk of unwanted reactions?

To prevent allergies, it is necessary to exclude potential allergens from the patient’s diet 7-10 days before vaccination: citrus fruits, chocolate, tomatoes, strawberries. It is recommended to refrain from introducing new dishes and products. For 3-4 days before vaccination, 2-3 days after immunization, you can give it to your child antihistamine in age dosage.

On the day of immunization, you should visit a doctor who can assess the patient’s health condition and measure body temperature (it should not exceed 36.8 0 C). It is necessary to clarify which vaccine drug will be administered to the child and what post-vaccination reactions it can cause.

Immediately after the injection, experts recommend staying on the premises medical institution. This will allow the patient to receive timely medical care if an acute allergic reaction occurs. After vaccination, you should not change your usual daily routine so that the child can adapt faster.

To increase the effectiveness of immunization, experts recommend avoiding crowded places for 2-3 days after injection of the vaccine. After all immune system The patient is subjected to severe stress, therefore the risk of developing respiratory infections increases.

To reduce the risk of secondary bacterial infection, you should not bathe your child during the first 24 hours. Doctors recommend limiting yourself to a light shower. You need to make sure that the baby does not scratch the injection site; in some cases, you can put a bandage on the handle.

Vaccines for the prevention of mumps in Russia

Medunitsyn N.V.
GISC named after L.A. Tarasevich

In Russia, 5 vaccines are registered for the prevention of mumps: a monovaccine, a divaccine (mumps, measles) and 3 trivaccines (mumps, measles, rubella). For the production of vaccines, strains of the mumps virus are used: in Russia - strain L-3, in the Netherlands and Belgium - derivatives of the Jeryl Lynn strain, in India - strain L-Zagreb.

The domestic mumps monovaccine has been used since 1981. In 2001, production of the domestic divaccine was launched, the use of which is more preferable taking into account economic and ethical problems vaccine prophylaxis. The divaccine has sufficient immunogenicity, and in terms of reactogenicity it does not differ from the monovaccine.

All trivaccines are foreign-made. They differ from each other in the set of vaccine strains of mumps, measles and rubella used for the preparation of complex vaccines. The vaccines are similar in their immunobiological properties and can be used to vaccinate children as part of the Russian national vaccination calendar.

Characteristics of the drug	Name of the vaccine and its manufacturer
Characteristics of the drug	Mumps vaccine cultured live dry. Moscow enterprise for the production of bacterial preparations, Russia	Mumps-measles vaccine cultural live dry. Moscow enterprise for the production of bacterial preparations, Russia	MMR-II Live vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella. Merck Sharp Dome, Netherlands	Priorix Live attenuated vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella. Glaxo Smitklein, Belgium	Vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella, attenuated, lyophilized. Serum Institute, India

Method of obtaining the vaccine	Cultivation of mumps virus strain L-3 in a primary culture of fibroblasts from Japanese quail embryos	A mixture of measles and mumps vaccines produced by cultivating strains of measles virus L-16 and mumps virus L-3 in a primary cell culture of Japanese quail embryos.	The drug consists of vaccine strains of measles virus (Edmonston strain), mumps (attenuated Enders strain Jeryl Lynn), grown in chicken embryo cell culture, and rubella virus strain (Wistar RA27/3), grown in human diploid cell culture (WI-38) .	The drug consists of vaccine strains of measles (Schwarz), mumps (RIT 43/85, derivative of Jeryl Lynn) and rubella (Wistar RA27/3) viruses, cultivated separately in a culture of chicken embryo cells (measles and mumps viruses) and human diploid cells (virus rubella).	The vaccine consists of vaccine strains of measles (Edmonston-Zagreb), mumps (L-Zagreb) and rubella (Wistar RA27/3) viruses. Measles and rubella viruses are cultivated separately diploid cells human, mumps virus - on the cells of chicken embryos.
Vaccine composition	One vaccination dose contains at least 20,000 TCD 50 of the mumps virus and no more than 25 mcg of gentamicin sulfate. Stabilizers LS-18 and gelatin or sorbitol and gelatin.	One vaccination dose contains at least 1000 TCD 50 of the measles virus, at least 20,000 TCD 50 of the mumps virus and no more than 25 mcg of gentamicin sulfate. Stabilizers are the same as for the mumps monovaccine.	One vaccination dose contains at least 1000 TCD 50 of the measles virus, 5000 TCD 50 of the mumps virus, 1000 TCD 50 of the rubella virus, about 25 mcg of neomycin. Stabilizers - sorbitol and gelatin.	One vaccination dose contains at least 1000 TCD 50 of the Schwarz strain virus, 5000 TCD 50 of the RIT4385 strain and 1000 TCD 50 of the Wistar strain, no more than 25 μg of neomycin sulfate.	One vaccination dose contains at least 1000 TCD 50 of the measles virus, 5000 TCD 50 of the mumps virus and 1000 TCD 50 of the rubella virus. Stabilizers - gelatin and sorbitol. Neomycin no more than 10 mcg per dose.
Immuno-biological properties	Causes the formation of anti-mumps antibodies. The maximum level of antibodies is reached 6-7 weeks after vaccination.	The vaccine provides protective levels of anti-measles antibodies after 3-4 weeks and anti-mumps antibodies after 6-7 weeks.	Causes the formation of appropriate antiviral antibodies and ensures that the protective level of antibodies is maintained for 11 years after vaccination.	Causes the formation of appropriate antiviral antibodies, incl. to the mumps virus in 96.1% of previously seronegative individuals. The protective titer persists for a year in 88.4% of vaccinated people.	Causes the formation of antibodies to mumps, measles and rubella viruses.

Purpose	Planned and emergency prevention of mumps.	Planned and emergency prevention of mumps and measles.		Routine prevention of measles, mumps and rubella.	Routine prevention of measles, mumps and rubella.
Contraindications	Acute diseases, exacerbation of chronic diseases. Severe general (temperature above 40 o C) or local (hyperemia and/or swelling with a diameter of more than 8 cm) reactions. Pregnancy. Pepper immunodeficiencies. Immunosuppressive therapy.	Allergic reactions to aminoglycosides and chicken eggs. Primary immunodeficiencies And oncological diseases. Severe general (temperature above 40 o C) or local (hyperemia and/or swelling with a diameter of more than 8 cm) reactions. Pregnancy.	Pregnancy. Allergic reactions to neomycin and egg white. Acute diseases. Immunosuppressive therapy. Malignant tumors. Primary or acquired immunodeficiency.	Systemic allergic reactions to neomycin and chicken eggs. Primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. Acute diseases and exacerbation of chronic diseases. Pregnancy.	Acute diseases, exacerbation of chronic diseases. Immunodeficiency conditions, malignant neoplasms, immunosuppressive therapy. Strong local and general reactions or complications from previous vaccine administration, systemic allergic reactions to vaccine components, pregnancy.
Side effect	On days 4-12, a short-term increase in temperature, the appearance of hyperemia of the pharynx, and rhinitis are possible; slight enlargement of the parotid salivary glands, hyperemia and swelling at the injection site. Allergic reactions (within 24-48 hours) and signs of benign serous meningitis (2-4 weeks after vaccination) occur extremely rarely.	On days 4-18 there may be observed temperature reactions and catarrhal symptoms from the nasopharynx, lasting 1-3 days. IN in rare cases There is a slight enlargement of the parotid glands and a rash. An increase in body temperature above 38.5 o C occurs in no more than 2% of vaccinated children. Local reactions, as a rule, are absent, hyperemia and swelling rarely appear. Complications that are extremely rare include allergic reactions and benign serous meningitis.	A transient burning sensation and/or pain at the injection site often occurs. More rarely, fever (38.5 o C and above) and rash appear (on days 5-12). Rarely, more serious nonspecific symptoms occur local reactions, allergic reactions and changes in function various systems body.	Rarely, hyperemia at the injection site, pain, swelling, and swelling of the parotid glands occur. Rhinitis, cough, and bronchitis develop extremely rarely.	Short-term hyperemia, slight swelling and soreness. An increase in temperature to 37.9 o C, headache, catarrhal symptoms, nausea - in 8% of vaccinated people, short-term rash in 1-2% of people on days 6-14 after vaccination. An enlargement of the parotid glands is rarely observed and a reaction from the central nervous system is extremely rare.

Doses and route of administration	0.5 ml subcutaneously	0.5 ml subcutaneously	0.5 ml subcutaneously	0.5 ml subcutaneously, allowed intramuscular injection vaccines.	0.5 ml subcutaneously
Administration scheme	The first vaccination is at 12 months, the second at 6 years. The interval between vaccinations is at least 6 months. For emergency prophylaxis, children over 12 months of age, adolescents and adults (who have not previously had mumps and have not been vaccinated in accordance with the calendar) are given the vaccine no later than 72 hours after contact with the patient.	The administration regimen is the same as that of the mumps monovaccine.	Vaccination from 15 months of age	Vaccination from 12-15 months of age, the administration schedule is determined by the national vaccination calendar	Vaccination from 12 months of age, revaccination at 6 years of age
Release form	Ampoules and bottles of 1, 2 and 5 doses	Ampoules 1 dose	Bottles of 1 and 10 doses	1 dose bottles	Bottles of 1 and 2 doses