Treatment of cystitis in children under 16 years of age. Symptoms and treatment of cystitis in girls

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder, or cystitis, is a disease that has no age restrictions. Unfortunately, this disease affects not only adults, but also children. Children aged 6-9 years are most susceptible to cystitis, and mostly girls. If you are now asking “cystitis in an 8-year-old girl, treatment” into the search engine and are trying to understand what to do, then it’s time to familiarize yourself with our recommendations.

Contrary to popular belief, hypothermia or a child sitting in the cold is not the cause of cystitis. Freezing is only a factor stimulating the disease. The real cause of the disease is bacteria. In 90% of cases - E. coli, and also dozens of different bacteria that can enter the body ascending - from bottom to top (from the urethra up the ureter) or descending - through inflammatory processes in the intestines, stomach, kidneys, teeth.

In a healthy state, the entry of all these microbes into the bladder cannot cause. Most often, pathogenic microbes are always present in the child’s body and are washed out of the bladder with sterile urine. In addition to urine, there are many other factors that protect the bladder:

The mucous membrane of the bladder produces interferon and immunoglobulin, which have antimicrobial properties.
The epithelium of the bladder is covered with a special substance that removes harmful microbes from the body.
The glands around the bladder also produce antibacterial substances.

So, what can provoke a weakening of protective functions and lead to the development of childhood cystitis:

hypothermia;
long-term antibiotic treatment of other inflammatory processes;
thrush;
kidney or gastrointestinal diseases;
caries;
a viral disease (flu, sore throat, acute respiratory viral infection), in which the immune system of a child 6-9 years old is generally weakened.

Cystitis in children 7 years of age or slightly older can occur in both acute and chronic forms. You may ask, why does a child at this age have a chronic form? The answer to this question lies in infancy. If cystitis was not diagnosed then, it means that the disease has developed into a chronic form, and it will be more difficult to cope with it.

Why do girls get sick more often?

According to statistics, both girls and boys are the same. As for the age period from six to nine years, which we are talking about, here cystitis in girls occurs 2 times more often than in boys. This is due to the structural features of the female genitourinary system.

In a boy, the urethra is located far from the anus, and in a girl, the urethra is wide and short - this is a direct path to infection. This tendency to cystitis in females persists throughout life. That is why mothers of girls need to be especially attentive, monitor their child’s hygiene and teach girls proper hygiene.

Symptoms and treatment

Symptoms and treatment of the disease depend on the nature of the infection that has settled in the bladder and at what stage the disease occurs. Only a doctor can make an accurate diagnosis and the correct prescription of how to treat cystitis in a child. It is important for parents to contact him promptly.

How to determine cystitis in a child 6 years of age and older, if he does not yet explain his condition in detail, is an important question. Parents should be attentive and monitor their children. And then you will probably notice changes in the behavior of a 6-year-old girl or an 8-year-old boy, who begins to cry at the sight of the toilet, whimper throughout the day, sometimes holds his stomach, and says that something is burning in his stomach. Based on these signs, you should understand that the child needs to be taken to the doctor.

The main symptoms of the acute stage of cystitis:

aching pain in the lower abdomen;
darkening of urine;
urine acquires a very pungent odor;
a child may ask to go to the toilet and still not be able to squeeze out a drop of urine.

The chronic stage of the disease is more difficult to treat. But don't give up. Cystitis can be cured once and for all. The main thing is to be prepared for the fact that the process will be long.

Important! Treatment of cystitis in children occurs quickly only in the acute stage. It may take only 2-3 days for the pain to go away. The full course of treatment may take one to two months.

The main symptoms of chronic cystitis:

aching pain in the lower abdomen;
There is usually no temperature in the chronic stage of the disease;
urine color is dark, sometimes cloudy.

Stages of treatment

The first stage is diagnosis. The doctor will prescribe you a series: general, as well as tank culture. This is necessary in order to accurately determine where the infection came from in the bladder, and what other organ in the body is inflamed. Sometimes, in the case of cystitis in a 7-year-old or 8-9-year-old girl, additional treatment is required.

The second stage is a course of drug treatment. How to treat cystitis and how to treat it, only a doctor decides. Typically, the course lasts 10 days and includes taking an antibiotic that kills germs, an antispasmodic that relieves spasms and eliminates pain, and an anti-inflammatory drug that relieves inflammation of the bladder mucosa (usually).

The third stage is post-medication treatment. This stage lasts about a month, sometimes more, and includes a complex of decoctions and infusions of herbs (decoctions of, celandine, yarrow, etc.), as well as special physical training aimed at strengthening the abdominal muscles and muscular walls of the bladder.

Important! If you have patience and go through all three stages of treatment for cystitis in children, you will solve this problem once and for all. There will be no relapses.

Emergency help

Situations in life are different. Sometimes the illness can occur far from home, and there is no way to see a doctor. “An exacerbation of cystitis in a 9-year-old child, how to treat it and what to do,” asks a frightened mother who encountered the problem at the dacha. There's no need to worry. You need to do the following:

Put the child to bed and put heating pads on him: one between the legs, the second on the lower abdomen.
Give the child an antispasmodic. For example, no-shpu - it will perfectly cope with spasms and ease the child’s suffering during urination.
Find leaves of celandine, yarrow and calendula at the dacha, take them in equal proportions and pour boiling water over them. Calculation: liter of water per glass of mixture. Leave for 15-20 minutes, after which, when the temperature of the liquid reaches 37-38 degrees (not hotter), sit the child in a cup or bath so that he takes a sitz bath.

Such simple procedures will help you quickly relieve pain and alleviate suffering. But these are only emergency measures. You need to try to get to the doctor as quickly as possible. Only professionals should treat childhood cystitis.

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder is a disease that affects not only adults, but also children, and girls aged 6 to 9 years are most susceptible to pathology. Treatment of cystitis in girls 8 years old differs from that prescribed for older patients.

Types of disease

Children's cystitis is usually divided into the following types:

Interstitial. The pathology is caused by disturbances in the mucous layer of the bladder. Because of this, urine begins to irritate his tissues.
Hemorrhagic. Not only the mucous membrane is affected, but also the walls of the bladder, as well as its blood vessels.
Ulcerative. Rarely seen. Characterized by the appearance of ulcers on the mucous membrane. Ulcerative cystitis is difficult to treat.
Catarrhal. It affects the mucous layer of the organ. It is divided into serous, purulent, mucous.
Trigonite. This is a chronic inflammation characterized by stagnant processes in the bladder.
Cervical. With this type of cystitis, children experience urinary incontinence. This is due to damage by pathogenic microflora to any pelvic organ responsible for draining and retaining urine.

There are 2 forms of cystitis in girls - acute and chronic.

The disease, which is in the acute stage, manifests itself with characteristic symptoms. With this pathology, only the superficial layer of the organ is affected. If you start treatment on time, there will be no consequences.

The chronic stage of the disease is more dangerous for girls. This pathology requires complex treatment. It is not always possible to completely eliminate the disease.

Causes

The cause of the development of cystitis in girls is opportunistic microorganisms that multiply on the walls of the bladder. If the child’s immune system works well, it will not allow the microbe to gain a foothold on the mucous membrane of the organ and the pathogen will leave the body along with the urine, without leading to the development of the disease.

If microbes have the opportunity to obtain nutrients, then cystitis cannot be avoided. This can be triggered by various factors, such as hypothermia, failure to comply with personal hygiene rules, and untimely emptying of the bladder.

The most common route of infection of the urinary organ is bacteria from the intestines, from the paraanal area and the vulva. Also, harmful microorganisms enter the bladder from inflamed organs located nearby. The infection can also penetrate from the tonsils, a purulent lesion on the skin, or a diseased tooth.

Symptoms of cystitis in girls

Cystitis is easy to recognize. Most often, inflammation of the bladder is accompanied by the following symptoms:

Increased body temperature. If the disease is mild, then low-grade fever is observed: for several days or weeks the temperature stays within +37.1...+38°C. In severe cystitis, the temperature rises to +38…+39°C.
Discomfort when urinating. This sign of pathology also manifests itself in different ways. In severe cases, the girl complains of severe burning and pain when urinating. With a mild form of cystitis, discomfort also appears, but not so severe.
Frequent urge to urinate. A girl can visit the toilet up to 20 times a day. The volume of urine may be less than usual or not change.
Pain in the lower abdomen that has a pulling character. They do not worsen either after eating or after defecation. But as soon as the girl takes a position lying on her stomach, the pain becomes more pronounced.
Worsening health. With any urinary tract infections, including inflammation of the bladder, intoxication syndrome develops. It consists of weakness and fatigue. If a girl is in school, she most often cannot concentrate on her studies.
Increased nervousness, moodiness, sleep disturbance.

With diseases of the genitourinary system, including cystitis, the color of urine may change to a cloudy brownish color. Often various pathological impurities appear in urine.

Diagnosis of the disease

If cystitis is suspected, the doctor will refer the girl for urine tests - general, bacteriological, and urine pH determination. Urine collection takes place with free urination; hygiene procedures must first be performed.

The doctor can also conduct an instrumental examination - ultrasound of the bladder. For chronic cystitis, cystography and cystoscopy are prescribed, which are performed jointly by a pediatric urologist and pediatrician.

The doctor must differentiate acute cystitis from other diseases of the genitourinary system, from acute appendicitis, from gynecological pathologies. Consultations with other specialists are required - a pediatric gynecologist and a surgeon.

Treatment

Complex treatment of cystitis includes not only drug therapy, but also the implementation of all doctor’s recommendations:

bed rest at the beginning of the disease;
compliance with personal hygiene rules;
adherence to diet and proper drinking regimen.

Traditional methods are also used in treatment.

Drug therapy

For cystitis in girls, antibiotics are prescribed. Most often, the doctor selects synthetic drugs: Amoxiclav, Cefuroxime, Monural, etc. The therapeutic course includes medications that restore the intestinal microflora: Linex, Bifiform, etc.

The doctor may prescribe antiviral (Kagocel) and antipyretic (Paracetamol) medications.

Phytotherapy

For cystitis in girls, you can use various decoctions and teas from plants that have anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties. But their use must be agreed with your doctor.

A good remedy is an infusion prepared with chamomile. It will require 1 tbsp. l. chamomile pour 200 ml of boiling water and leave for 1 hour. The strained mixture is taken by the child every 4 hours during the day.

A decoction of chicory roots has a diuretic effect. It is prepared from 1 tsp. dry raw materials and 1 glass of water. The composition should be brought to a boil and simmer over low heat for 10 minutes. Cool the broth and strain, divide into 4 parts and give the girl 1 serving every 2-3 hours.

Folk remedies

The recovery process will go faster if traditional medicine is used along with medications.

If the treatment is carried out at home, then it will be useful for the girl to take sitz baths with medicinal herbs that have an antiseptic effect. These are chamomile, eucalyptus, calendula. The duration of the procedure is 15 minutes. The labia should first be treated with an antiseptic composition.

An effective way to cope with inflammation of the bladder mucosa is to take honey in the morning for 2 weeks. 15-20 minutes before breakfast, the girl should eat 2 tsp. natural honey.

Consuming a mixture of honey, dried apricots, raisins, lemon, and walnuts has a positive effect on the patient’s condition. The ingredients are mixed in any proportions. The mixture is taken 1 tsp. before meals 3 times a day for 1 month.

Cystitis - inflammation of the bladder

Cystitis in children

Cystitis in children, symptoms, tests and diagnosis, prevention of cystitis.

Girls should buy underwear made from natural fabrics. Parents should take care of increasing their children's immunity, give their child vitamins, and visit a doctor. If the girl is of school age (over 7 years old), then you should not shy away from those medical examinations conducted by the school doctor.

Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder mucosa, which brings a lot of unpleasant symptoms. The course of the disease becomes more complicated if the patient is a child. Most often, two categories of children suffer from cystitis: children one to three years old and adolescents 12-13 years old. Small children often get cystitis because they can play on the floor and freeze, but in the heat of excitement they do not change location, because the game is so exciting. Teenagers get sick because they want to look fashionable and stylish, while wearing short jackets in the cold, girls flaunt skirts in winter. All this leads to the development of cystitis. If it is not treated in time, the acute phase of the disease becomes chronic. Today we’ll talk about childhood cystitis - how to recognize it, why it appears and how to deal with this disease.

How to recognize cystitis in a child

One of the main symptoms of cystitis is painful urination. It is very good if the baby already knows how to express his feelings and can convey the nature of the pain to his parents. But what should mothers of infants do? How to understand that a child is crying precisely because of cystitis? The difficulty of diagnosis in this case lies in the fact that babies often suffer from colic in the stomach, they are teething, and the child may catch a cold. It is quite difficult to recognize painful urination among the symptoms. If the child cries sharply and suddenly, try undressing him. If crying occurs during urination, most likely it is cystitis or other diseases associated with the kidneys and urinary system. In addition to painful urination, cystitis can manifest itself with other symptoms.

The inflammatory process in the bladder area causes an increase in temperature to 38-39 degrees, depending on the degree of development of the disease.

The urine of a sick child may become cloudy and, in some cases, darken.

Urination becomes frequent, more than 3-4 times per hour. This does not apply to infants - for them, frequent emptying of the bladder is considered normal.

In some cases, the child may have pain in the lower abdomen. If the lower back and the area of the back above the lower back hurts, the inflammation has affected the kidneys, perhaps it is pyelonephritis.

Sometimes urination becomes difficult - the child feels the urge, sits on the potty or toilet, but cannot empty the bladder. Or emptying is accompanied by severe pain.

In some cases, the child may experience urinary incontinence. Here it is worth considering the fact whether the baby could ask to go to the potty on his own before the illness.

The inflammation can be so severe that pain can spread not only to the urinary canal, but also to the genitals, anus, etc.

In the later stages of the disease, streaks of blood may appear in the urine.

The child's general condition worsens - weakness appears, the baby is capricious, sleeps poorly, loses his appetite, and the child often whines.

As soon as you have replaced these symptoms in your baby, you need to show him to the doctor as soon as possible. The fact is that the symptoms are often similar to a common cold. General immunostimulating drugs, drinking plenty of fluids and anti-inflammatory drugs suppress the course of cystitis, but do not cure it completely, since the disease requires more targeted treatment. That is, the mother treats the baby for a cold, the signs of cystitis subside, but the danger is that cystitis passes from an acute to a chronic form. Treating chronic cystitis is much more difficult. To make a correct diagnosis, your doctor may send you for tests. As a rule, if cystitis is suspected, a general and biochemical urine test is performed, and an ultrasound of the pelvic organs is performed. Bacteriological culture will help you accurately determine the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to various types of antibiotics, antifungal drugs, etc.

Girls suffer from cystitis much more often due to the fact that the female urethra is wider and shorter. Infection spreads through this channel much more easily than through the narrow and long male urethra. Nevertheless, a boy can also get cystitis - this also happens. Boys are more likely to develop chronic cystitis, while girls suffer from acute manifestations of the disease. If a boy has cystitis, you need to clarify the diagnosis with a doctor, because pain during urination may indicate phimosis - when the inability to fully open the head of the penis leads to stagnant processes. In this case, the pain is caused by the remnants of urine salts located under the foreskin. The symptoms of the diseases are similar, although they are of a completely different nature. Therefore, only a doctor should deal with the situation.

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Why does cystitis occur?

The causative agents of cystitis can be bacteria, fungi, viruses and other harmful microorganisms. Here are some reasons for the development of cystitis in a child.

Most often, exacerbation of cystitis occurs against the background of hypothermia. You cannot swim in cold water, sit on concrete, dress lightly in the cool season, or play on a cold floor. All this leads to the onset of the inflammatory process.

Fungi and bacteria can become more active against the background of decreased immunity due to frequent illnesses of the child.

An unbalanced diet, untimely introduction of complementary foods, and the lack of natural vegetables and fruits in the diet can lead to the baby developing vitamin deficiency, which also causes an exacerbation of cystitis.

Failure to comply with personal hygiene rules is another reason for the development of cystitis. Panties need to be changed every day, otherwise dirty underwear can become a provoking factor in the development of the inflammatory process. The same applies to diapers - they should be changed every 3-4 hours, otherwise they will become a breeding ground for infections.

Various chronic diseases of the genitourinary system often lead to cystitis. Often, kidney disease and cystitis occur simultaneously.

Cystitis pathogens can enter the urethra through the anus and genital tract. Incorrect hygiene often leads to cystitis in girls. If a child wipes his butt after defecation from the anus towards the vagina, a piece of feces may enter the urethra. Inflammation begins in the urethra, which quickly rises to the bladder.

Cystitis can occur due to untimely emptying of the bladder. Children often play, an interesting game does not allow them to go to the toilet. If the baby is constantly suffering, this can also trigger the development of cystitis.

Cystitis can be acute or chronic. Acute cystitis develops very quickly, proceeds rapidly, it has obvious symptoms, the acute form of the disease can be completely cured in 7-10 days. Chronic cystitis is frequent inflammation of the bladder, which occurs less acutely, but constantly, with the slightest hypothermia. Chronic cystitis can be cured, but it takes quite a long time. Even if the treatment has given results and the symptoms have subsided, you cannot stop taking the medications, otherwise the disease will again become chronic.

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Drug treatment of childhood cystitis

Before prescribing medications, the doctor must identify the nature of the disease and the type of pathogen. If it is bacteria, you will need antibiotics; if it is a fungus, you will need antimycotic agents; if it is a virus, you will need antiviral medications. This is very important, because antibiotics will not help against the virus, but will only increase the number of fungi. Here are the main directions of drug therapy that will help you suppress the development of cystitis.

Antibiotics. In most cases, the causative agents of cystitis are bacteria, so antibiotics are often used to combat the disease. It is better to prescribe antibiotics only after bacteriological culture, when the greatest sensitivity of bacteria to a particular drug is revealed. Uncomplicated cystitis in children is usually treated with drugs such as Pefloxacin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Levofloxacin, Amoxiclav, Monural. A suspension is used to treat young children; older children can swallow tablets and capsules. The antibiotic must be taken strictly at regular intervals. Along with antibacterial therapy, probiotics and prebiotics must be prescribed to support the intestinal microflora and avoid constipation and diarrhea.
Antifungal drugs. They are prescribed for candidal cystitis. It occurs rarely, almost always in conditions of lack of sufficient hygiene. The most effective and common antifungal agents are Diflucan, Nystatin, Fucis, etc.
Uroseptics. This is a group of drugs that cleanse the urinary system of various microorganisms. Among them is Canephron, a strong herbal preparation that improves the functioning of the kidneys and urinary system. Canephron is safe enough even for pregnant women and small children.
Diuretics. A sufficient amount of fluid removed from the body reduces the concentration of germs and bacteria in the bladder. Among such agents are Veroshpiron, Diacarb, Furosemide, etc.
Anti-inflammatory and painkillers. They are necessary in acute cases of the disease, when the baby cries a lot and runs to the toilet very often. You can give your child antispasmodics - NO-shpu or Papaverine to relieve spasm of the muscle layer of the bladder. Any anti-inflammatory drug based on Ibuprofen and Paracetamol will help relieve pain and reduce body temperature.
Vitamins. They are necessary to improve the child’s immunity and to restore damaged bladder tissue. For tissue regeneration, it is necessary to take vitamins PP, A, C and group B.

In some acute cases, physiotherapeutic procedures are prescribed as part of complex treatment. This is an antiseptic and antimicrobial treatment of the bladder, which is carried out through the urethral canal. Remember, only a doctor can prescribe medications. Self-medication is effective only for relieving acute symptoms; it is very difficult to suppress the disease completely without drug therapy; cystitis can become chronic.

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How to relieve the symptoms of cystitis in a child

As you know, the disease is quite painful, the baby is capricious and cries. Here are some tips and tricks to help you ease your symptoms and speed up your recovery.

Peace. First of all, the doctor prescribes bed rest for the child. You need to avoid walking or walk only with a stroller. Avoid active games, at least during the first 2-3 days of illness. This is quite difficult to do, because as soon as the child’s condition improves, he begins to jump around the bed and bed, and it is impossible to put him down. Try to find quiet games, read books, watch cartoons, assemble construction sets, etc.
Warm. Applying heat to the perineum will help relieve pain and reduce the urge to urinate. Fill a glass bottle with hot water, close it tightly so that the child does not get burned, wrap it in a towel and apply it tightly to the perineum. Doctors do not recommend applying heat to the lower abdomen, otherwise the inflammation may rise to the kidneys. At high temperatures, warming compresses should not be used. Instead of a bottle, you can apply a bag of heated salt, a heating pad, etc. General warming of the body is very useful - if possible, take a child over three years old to the bathhouse.
Baths. This is another great way to reduce urethral pain. You can place the child completely in the bath or prepare a healing composition in the basin and ask the baby to simply sit with his butt in it. The water should be warm and comfortable, about 37-38 degrees. Decoctions of medicinal herbs can be used as a solution. Pharmacies have special fees that are intended for various diseases. For cystitis and other diseases of the genitourinary system, it is useful to brew decoctions from plants such as flax, thyme, clover, celery, yarrow, chamomile, juniper, etc. They will quickly relieve inflammation and relieve acute pain. You can take baths 5-7 times a day, depending on the severity of the disease.
Drink plenty of fluids. Harmful microorganisms actively multiply in the cavity of the bladder mucosa. You can reduce their number by urinating frequently. That is, in essence, we simply flush out bacteria from the affected organ. To do this, you need to provide the child with plenty of fluids. You need to let your baby drink what he wants - compotes, fruit drinks, milk, diluted juices, water, sweet tea. Herbal infusions are very useful - for example, chamomile. It perfectly relieves inflammation and soothes the mucous membranes. You can drink rosehip decoction - it is not only tasty and healthy, but also has a diuretic effect. It is effective to give your child alkaline mineral water - it has a mild anti-inflammatory effect. The main thing is that the baby drinks at least one and a half liters of water per day. Then recovery will come much faster.
Diet. Salt and various spices penetrate along with the urine into the bladder, irritating the mucous membrane of its walls. Therefore, you should avoid spicy and salty foods for now in order to reduce pain. In addition, you need to provide your child with a balanced and varied diet, which will help get rid of vitamin deficiency and improve immunity. Your baby’s diet should include dairy products, vegetables, fruits, meat, cereals, and herbs every day. In the fight against cystitis, it is useful to eat fermented milk products - kefir, fermented baked milk, yogurt.
Hygiene. Since a huge amount of bacteria is excreted along with the child’s urine, you need to change underwear and diapers more often, wash yourself every 6-7 hours and after each bowel movement. Teach your girl how to use toilet paper correctly - you should wipe your butt from the vagina towards the anus.

In the fight against cystitis, it is important to pay special attention to prevention, because chronic inflammation can return at any time. You should not allow hypothermia - the child should be dressed according to the weather, the baby should not stay in wet panties for a long time, diapers should be changed often. This also applies to trips to the beach, when children walk around in wet underwear for a long time, after which the signs of cystitis sharply worsen. Do not allow your child to sit on rocks, cold benches or concrete curbs. Every day or twice a day you need to take a shower and thoroughly wash the genitourinary organs. Follow the rules of a healthy diet, move more and strengthen yourself to boost your child’s immunity. If a child has infectious and chronic diseases of the genitourinary system, it is imperative to consult a doctor, otherwise this may be the cause of the development of cystitis. Monitor your baby’s well-being and behavior - a thorough description of the symptoms will help the doctor more accurately diagnose the disease.

Cystitis occurs quite often, its treatment does not present any special problems. But if you do not pay attention to the disease in time, cystitis can result in serious complications. Among them are pyelonephritis, vesicoureteral reflux, urinary incontinence, genital infections, even infertility in girls. Consult a doctor in a timely manner - a urologist or nephrologist deals with cystitis problems.

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Video: cystitis in children

Many people consider urinary pathology to be a disease of adults, but this assumption is deceptive. Cystitis often develops in children, and manifests itself at different ages. The symptoms of cystitis in children and adults are similar; the main difference in the treatment of cystitis in children is that it is carried out in more delicate ways and requires increased caution.

general information

The organs of the urinary system are covered inside with a delicate inner membrane. Inflammation of this membrane caused by infection is called cystitis. An inflamed bladder is a common pathology. It can manifest itself at the age of 4 years and up to 12 years, much less often from 1 year to 3 years, and cystitis in infants is extremely rare.

In girls, the pathology occurs 3 times more often than cystitis in boys. This trend is due to the individual anatomy of the genitourinary system. Sexual consistency in infection is observed from the age of 3 years and older.

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Forms and types of pathology

Types of disease

According to the location, the inflammatory process occurs:

diffuse (affects the entire surface of the organ);
local (observed in a separate area of the mucous layer).

Depending on the causes of bladder inflammation in children, the pathology is divided into the following types:

Hemorrhagic. An infectious pathogen provokes inflammation of the mucous membrane. Its gradual destruction occurs, which increases the permeability of blood vessels. Blood enters the urine and this affects the color and smell.
Catarrhal. Inflammation spreads only to the mucous membrane of the organ.
Ulcerative. The walls of the organ become covered with ulcers.
Interstitial. The reason for the development of this species is far from infectious. A characteristic feature is a reduction in the size of the organ.
Trigonite. Local inflammation affecting the bladder triangle.
Cervical. The inflammation process is localized in the neck of the organ.

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Forms of pathology

Cystitis detected in a child can occur in two forms:

Acute - can develop over several hours, affecting the surface layer of the organ mucosa. Acute cystitis in children can be cured in 7-10 days with timely assistance.
Chronic is the result of frequent repetitions of the acute form. Chronic cystitis in children develops in parallel with the presence of an underlying disease. It is more difficult to cure; treatment takes a long period of time.

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Reasons for the development of pathology

Speaking about the reasons that provoked the pathology, it is important to understand what caused the inflammation process. In each individual situation, the circumstances that caused the pathology are completely different. But the main causes of cystitis in children that provoke its development are identified. The disease is usually caused by infection with microbes.

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Pathogens

The most common route for the development of infection in the bladder is ascending; much less often, the infection enters and develops along the descending route or through the blood.

infectious infection of the bladder through the ascending route (through the urethra);
penetration of infection through a descending route in kidney disease (pyelonephritis).

Streptococci and staphylococci serve as a source of bladder pathology.

The main irritants that provoke urinary pathology include:

streptococcus;
staphylococcus;
coli;
chlamydia;
ureaplasma.

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Other reasons

Additional reasons predisposing to the development of the disease include:

Hypothermia of the body, leading to a decrease in local defense, opening the way for infection. An enhancing factor is the presence of a source of infection in the kidneys or genitourinary system.
Failure to maintain personal hygiene can provoke cystitis in a girl, especially at a young age, when the protective forces of the mucous membrane are minimal and the entrance to the urethra is wide.
Hereditary predisposition.
Decreased immunity, including due to taking medications.

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At-risk groups

Cystitis in adolescents and schoolchildren is much more common than in infants or newborns. Moreover, the main percentage of diseases is observed in little girls. A distinctive characteristic of the course of the disease in girls is that cystitis occurs together with urethritis. Cystitis in a boy and urethritis occur as independent diseases. In babies under one year old, the development of cystitis in boys and girls is exactly the same. Children most at risk are:

with low immunity;
congenital abnormalities of the genitourinary system;
with the chronic course of other diseases.

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Symptoms and signs of pathology in children

Signs of cystitis in young children are not always distinguished by their specific manifestation, therefore it is customary to divide symptoms according to age criteria:

clinic of symptoms in newborns and children under 1 year of age;
symptom clinic for older children.

This division is quite justified, because making a diagnosis in a child is difficult precisely because he cannot describe his feelings, and parents with cystitis in children do not always notice unusual behavior in time. Children both at 2 and 10 years old are aware of the feeling of poor health and will describe unpleasant symptoms.

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Younger age

Cystitis in young children is characterized by nonspecific symptoms:

anxiety;
moodiness;
cry;
urine color changes (from light to dark);
the number of urinations decreases or, conversely, the process of urination occurs more frequently;
Infants experience urinary retention due to spasm;
Body temperature rises extremely rarely.

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Older age

With cystitis, an increase in temperature is possible.

For this age, the manifestation of symptoms becomes more pronounced:

pain in the lower abdomen (near the bladder), in the lower back, increasing when the bladder is filled and at the time of urination;
false urge to urinate, decreased amount of urine, incontinence;
changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of urine (cloudy, clumps, sediment, sometimes pus and a bad odor appear);
the temperature rises, sometimes to very high levels.

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Diagnosis of the disease

The doctor can make initial assumptions when examining the child and conducting a detailed interview with his parents. The specialist must clarify his assumptions and determine the correctness of the diagnosis after conducting the examination. Parents should know what tests help specialists make the correct diagnosis and select the necessary treatment:

General urine analysis. The presence of leukocytes in it indicates an inflammatory process. In addition, the urine contains mucus, red blood cells and bacteria.
To recognize what kind of infection is in the urine of children, doctors prescribe a urine culture. This analysis is used for the chronic form of the disease.
Blood analysis. If additional complications are not added to the pathology, there will be no changes in the composition of the blood.
Cystoscopy. Using an endoscope allows you to visually examine the condition of the bladder. At a younger age, the cystoscopy procedure is performed under anesthesia.

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Treatment of pathology

How to help a child with cystitis? To achieve the fastest possible results, it is necessary to treat cystitis in children under certain conditions. First aid for cystitis includes:

provide the child with rest and bed rest;
increase the amount of water consumed to quickly remove bacteria from the body;
be sure to call a doctor.

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Antibacterial drugs for treatment

Treatment with antibiotics should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor.

Antibiotics are the main medicines for cystitis in children. The drugs perfectly suppress the development of infection, so the treatment of chronic cystitis cannot be done without them. When treating cystitis, tablets are prescribed for a long period of time (at least 14 days), always under the supervision of a doctor. Preference is given to drugs of the protected penicillin group “Augmentin”, “Amoxiclav”. In case of individual intolerance, Sumamed and Azithromecin are prescribed.

Treatment of acute cystitis is carried out with uroseptics “Furagin”, “Monural”, “Furamag”. Tablets and powders of sulfonamides (“Biseptol”) are used much less frequently. The advisability of taking antibiotics and the duration of the course of treatment are determined by the doctor. Pain in this form is relieved with painkillers and anti-spasm tablets (Baralgin, No-shpa, Spazmalgon).