How many people can solve Einstein's riddle? Einstein's riddle - logic puzzle

Einstein's Riddle is a famous logical problem attributed to Albert Einstein.

It is believed that this puzzle was created by Albert Einstein during his childhood. There is also an opinion that it was used by Einstein to test candidate assistants for logical thinking ability.

Some attribute to Einstein a reasoning in which he claims that only two percent of the world's population is able to mentally operate with patterns associated with five signs at once. As a particular consequence of this, the above puzzle can be solved without the use of paper only by those who belong to these two percent. However, there is no documented evidence that Einstein ever made such a claim.

In its most difficult version, the problem involves solving it in your head, without using any notes or means of storing information. Without this, the puzzle noticeably loses in complexity, since it can be solved by simply drawing up a table with the exclusion of obviously contradictory options - and therefore says little about the abilities of the subject."

5 different people in 5 different houses of different colors, smoking 5 different brands of cigarettes, raising 5 different types of animals, drinking 5 different types of drinks.

Question: who raises the fish?

Tips:

The Norwegian lives in the first house.
The Englishman lives in a red house.
The green house is located to the left of the white one.
The Dane drinks tea.
The one who smokes Rothmans lives next to the one who
raises cats.
The one who lives in the yellow house smokes Dunhill.
The German smokes Marlboro.
The neighbor of the one who smokes Rothmans drinks water.
Anyone who smokes Pall Mall raises birds.
The Swede raises dogs.
Anyone who smokes Philip Morris drinks beer.
They drink coffee in the green house.

Problem solution

So, we have 25 positions that need to be filled with the following data:

Nationality: Norwegian, English, Danish, German, Swedish.
House color: Red, Green, White, Yellow, Blue.
Cigarette brand: Rothmans, Dunhill, Marlborough, Pell Mell, Philip Morris.
Animal: Cats, Birds, Dogs, Horses, Fish.
Drink: Tea, Milk, Water, Beer, Coffee.

Basically, we need to fill out the following table:

From the hints, we immediately fill in a number of table cells:

The Norwegian lives in the first house.
A Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
The one who raises horses lives in a blue house.
The one who lives in the center drinks milk.

Since an Englishman lives in a red house, it means that a Norwegian cannot live in a red house. Equally, a Norwegian cannot live in blue. He cannot live in a white one either, since the green house is to the left of the white one, and the Norwegian’s house is the farthest to the left. He also cannot live in green, since to the right of green White House, and to the right of the Norwegian is blue. So he lives in yellow. Hence we conclude that the Norwegian smokes Dunhill.

Further, since the green house is located to the left of the white one, it means its number is either 3 or 4. However, in the third, middle, house they drink milk, and in the green house they drink coffee - that means the number green house= 4. This means that our white house is number 5, and the red house is number 3. An Englishman lives here. They drink coffee in the 4th house.

Further, since a German smokes Marlboro, he does not smoke Philip Morris, and therefore does not drink beer. He also does not drink the milk that an Englishman drinks. He doesn’t drink tea either - the Dane does that. This means that a German drinks either water or coffee. A Norwegian cannot drink beer (he smokes other cigarettes), milk (he is not an Englishman), coffee (he does not live in a green house), tea (he is not a Dane). So the Norwegian drinks water, and then the German drinks coffee, and lives in a green house. Plus, don’t forget that the German smokes Marlboro. And since a Norwegian drinks our water, his neighbor (second home) smokes Rothmans.

Since a Swede raises dogs here, he cannot live in the second house (they raise horses there), which means he lives in the fifth house (white). So in the second house there lives a Dane who drinks tea.

Since the Pell Mell smoker raises birds, he is not a Swede, which means he is an Englishman. Consequently, the Swede smokes Philip Morris and drinks beer.

And now we have one last clue:

Someone who smokes Rothmans lives next to someone who raises cats.

Rothmans smokes a Dane who lives in the second house. To his right lives an Englishman who raises birds, which means that the Dane’s second neighbor (on the left), a Norwegian, raises these cats. And then the fish are raised by a German. The answer has been found.

ANSWER: The fish are raised by a German!

Einstein's Riddle is a famous logical problem attributed to Albert Einstein.

It is believed that this puzzle was created by Albert Einstein during his childhood. There is also an opinion that it was used by Einstein to test candidate assistants for logical thinking ability.

5 different people in 5 different houses of different colors, smoking 5 different brands of cigarettes, raising 5 different types of animals, drinking 5 different types of drinks.

Question: who raises the fish?

Tips:

The Norwegian lives in the first house.
The Englishman lives in a red house.
The green house is located to the left of the white one.
The Dane drinks tea.
The one who smokes Rothmans lives next to the one who
raises cats.
The one who lives in the yellow house smokes Dunhill.
The German smokes Marlboro.
The neighbor of the one who smokes Rothmans drinks water.
Anyone who smokes Pall Mall raises birds.
The Swede raises dogs.
Anyone who smokes Philip Morris drinks beer.
They drink coffee in the green house.

Problem solution

So, we have 25 positions that need to be filled with the following data:

Nationality: Norwegian, English, Danish, German, Swedish.
House color: Red, Green, White, Yellow, Blue.
Cigarette brand: Rothmans, Dunhill, Marlborough, Pell Mell, Philip Morris.
Animal: Cats, Birds, Dogs, Horses, Fish.
Drink: Tea, Milk, Water, Beer, Coffee.

Basically, we need to fill out the following table:

From the hints, we immediately fill in a number of table cells:

The Norwegian lives in the first house.
A Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
The one who raises horses lives in a blue house.
The one who lives in the center drinks milk.

Since an Englishman lives in a red house, it means that a Norwegian cannot live in a red house. Equally, a Norwegian cannot live in blue. He cannot live in a white one either, since the green house is to the left of the white one, and the Norwegian’s house is the farthest to the left. He also cannot live in green, since there is a white house to the right of the green one, and a blue one to the right of the Norwegian. So he lives in yellow. Hence we conclude that the Norwegian smokes Dunhill.

Further, since the green house is located to the left of the white one, it means that its number is either 3 or 4. However, in the third, middle, house they drink milk, and in the green house they drink coffee - which means the number of the green house = 4. This means that we have a white house goes at number 5, and red goes at number 3. An Englishman lives here. They drink coffee in the 4th house.

Since the Pell Mell smoker raises birds, he is not a Swede, which means he is an Englishman. Consequently, the Swede smokes Philip Morris and drinks beer.

And now we have one last clue:

Someone who smokes Rothmans lives next to someone who raises cats.

ANSWER: The fish are raised by a German!

In order to better understand the surrounding reality, a person must develop thinking, which directly depends on the functioning and his ability to operate with various abstract concepts. Thinking is based on the logic and culture of people, and many scientific disciplines study the course of human thought processes. Einstein's problem about 5 houses became widely known back in the 20th century and since then has not lost its relevance for those who want to improve the level of their logical thinking.

Puzzle condition

There is a version that the author of this logical problem was Albert Einstein, who is one of the founders of modern theoretical physics. Perhaps Einstein used it to evaluate the abilities of candidates for the position of his assistant. They also claim that this riddle could have been invented by the famous English mathematician and writer Lewis Carroll. However, the authorship remains unconfirmed. It is interesting that the problem contains cigarettes that were not produced during the life of L. Carroll and during the childhood of A. Einstein.

The great physicist is credited with the statement that only 2% of people can mentally control patterns based on five signs. And, in this regard, most of them are not able to find the answer without some of the records they need and the construction of auxiliary tables. But there is also no confirmation that it was Einstein who said this.

A complex version of this riddle involves solving it in your head, without using additional funds. Otherwise, indeed, the task loses all its originality. The answer can be found by compiling a table and the method of sequentially eliminating all incorrect statements, which is not confirmation unique properties logical thinking.

Text of the riddle about houses

The text of this puzzle was first published on December 17, 1962 in the American magazine Life. in spring next year The correct answer and a list consisting of the names of readers who were able to solve this problem were published.

Several variants of the puzzle are known, but the original condition is as follows:

There are 5 houses on the street.
The Englishman lives in a red house.
The dog's owner is Spanish.
Those living in a green house drink coffee.
Ukrainian is a tea lover.
The green house is located to the right of the ivory house.
Preferring cigarettes, Old Gold contains snails.
In the yellow house they smoke Cools brand cigarettes.
In the middle they drink milk.
A Norwegian lives in house number 1.
The Chesterfield smoker is the neighbor of the one who keeps the fox.
Cools cigarettes are smoked in the house next to the house where the horse lives.
Smoking Lucky Strike drinks orange juice.
The Japanese prefer Parliament cigarettes.
The Norwegian is the neighbor of the blue house.

Questions to answer upon completion:

Which of these residents drinks water?
Who owns the zebra?

Explanation: all 5 indicated houses have individual colors, people of several nationalities live in them, containing one for a pet. They are lovers of various drinks and smoke different types cigarettes. For more brief description the ivory house is further referred to as white.

In order to find right decision, you need to gradually enter the known data into the table, having previously excluded impossible options from the list.

Stage I

According to the problem (point 10), the Norwegian is in house No. 1. Any direction that needs to be followed throughout the entire process can be taken as the starting point.

From points 10 and 15 we can conclude that house No. 2 is blue. What color is a Norwegian's house? From the puzzle it is clear that his house will not be green or white, since these buildings are located next to each other. This is directly indicated by paragraph 6 and the previous decision that house number two blue. In red - an Englishman, which means that a Norwegian’s housing will be a different color. There is only one option left. The first house is yellow. Thanks to this conclusion, it is clear that the resident of house number one smokes Kools, and the resident of house number 2 lives a horse.

The next question to be answered correctly is: “What can a Norwegian drink in house no. yellow And smoking cigarettes Kools? There is data that shows which drinks are considered residents' favorites. Ukrainians prefer tea, and coffee is constantly drunk in a green house. It is also clear from point 3 that in house No. 3 they only drink milk. But the person smoking Lucky Strike is drinking juice. Having considered all the options, you can understand that the water is consumed by Norwegians. That's what you needed to know.

Stage 2

Now we need to try to determine what they can smoke in house number two, which is blue and whose owner keeps a horse. It's clear that Kools are smoked in house number one, and the Old Gold smoker is a snail farmer. To take it a step further, it is assumed that the owner of house #2 prefers Lucky Strike and usually drinks juice. If it really fits, then who lives in it?

It becomes clear that his owner cannot in fact be Norwegian (10), just as he cannot be English (2). He is not Spanish (3), Ukrainian (5) or Japanese (14), as these assumptions conflict with the puzzle items shown in parentheses. It turns out that the owner of the second home will not smoke Lucky Strike.

It is also unlikely that the owner of the second house smokes Parlament, since in this case he cannot drink tea (5), milk (9), coffee (4) and, of course, juice (13).

Based on this, it can be argued that the owner of the second house smokes Chesterfield. Now we need to find out his nationality. It is already known that the house is blue, and he keeps a horse. Four conditions do not match: he is not Norwegian, according to paragraph 10, and clearly not English (2), the Spaniard is a dog owner (3), and the Japanese smokes Parlament. There is only one choice left - the owner of the second house is a Ukrainian who likes tea.

So, you can gradually move forward and fill in all the boxes in the table as you proceed.

Stage 3

Step III is necessary to find out which house the fox lives in. She can be kept in houses No. 1 or No. 3, according to paragraph 11, since in No. 2 they smoke Chesterfield. By consecutive exceptions you can understand that the fox is the owner of house number one.

Stage 4

In order to find out where the owner of the snails who smokes Old Gold lives, you need to complete Step IV. The assumption that he drinks coffee will be incorrect, since this is not consistent with the data already obtained. Means, this person in the third house.

Over time, the conditions of the problem changed slightly, but the solution remained the same. To this day, Einstein's 5 problem forces many people to search for a single answer that fits all the data in the puzzle. If it is difficult to find a solution without paper and pen, do not be discouraged, because this riddle was invented to increase the level of logical thinking.

This is a really old mystery. Although, perhaps, there are some readers who will see it for the first time. Myself Einstein said that only two percent of people are able to solve this riddle in their minds, another 20% using paper or other available tools.

So. There are five people of different nationalities who live in 5 different houses. Each house has its own color, different from the color of other houses. Each of these people smokes and prefers a certain type of cigarette. Each of these people has one pet. Each of these people drinks their favorite type of drink. Here is what is generally known about them.

The Norwegian lives in the first house.
The Englishman lives in a red house.
The green house is located to the left of the white one.
The Dane drinks tea.
Someone who smokes Rothmans lives next to someone who raises cats.
The one who lives in the yellow house smokes Dunhill.
The German smokes Marlboro.
The neighbor of the one who smokes Rothmans drinks water.
Anyone who smokes Pall Mall raises birds.
The Swede raises dogs.
Anyone who smokes Philip Morris drinks beer.
They drink coffee in the green house.

Need to determine who raises fish?

It’s not easy to solve such a problem in your head, so here’s this small plate to help you, you can try to fill it out.

House number	1	2	3	4	5
Nationality		Englishman Dane German Norwegian Swede	Englishman Dane German Norwegian Swede	Englishman Dane German Norwegian Swede	Englishman Dane German Norwegian Swede
House color		White Yellow Green Red Blue	White Yellow Green Red Blue	White Yellow Green Red Blue	White Yellow Green Red Blue
Cigarettes		Dunhill Marlboro Pall Mall Philip Morris Rothmans	Dunhill Marlboro Pall Mall Philip Morris Rothmans	Dunhill Marlboro Pall Mall Philip Morris Rothmans	Dunhill Marlboro Pall Mall Philip Morris Rothmans
Animal		Cats Horses Birds Fish Dogs	Cats Horses Birds Fish Dogs	Cats Horses Birds Fish Dogs	Cats Horses Birds Fish Dogs
Drink	Water Coffee Milk Beer Tea	Water Coffee Milk Beer Tea	Water Coffee Milk Beer Tea	Water Coffee Milk Beer Tea	Water Coffee Milk Beer Tea

Puzzle Solution

Quick response.

German grows fish

Detailed Answer. Expand BELOW TO VIEW.

Detailed Answer

So, we have 25 positions that need to be filled with the following data:

Nationality: Norwegian, English, Danish, German, Swedish.
House color: Red, Green, White, Yellow, Blue.
Cigarette brand: Rothmans, Dunhill, Marlborough, Pell Mell, Philip Morris.
Animal: Cats, Birds, Dogs, Horses, Fish.
Drink: Tea, Milk, Water, Beer, Coffee.

Basically, we need to fill out the following table:

From the hints, we immediately fill in a number of table cells:

The Norwegian lives in the first house.
A Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
The one who raises horses lives in a blue house.
The one who lives in the center drinks milk.

Since an Englishman lives in a red house, it means that a Norwegian cannot live in a red house. Equally, a Norwegian cannot live in blue. He cannot live in a white one either, since the green house is to the left of the white one, and the Norwegian’s house is the farthest to the left. He also cannot live in green, since there is a white house to the right of the green one, and a blue one to the right of the Norwegian. So he lives in yellow. Hence we conclude that the Norwegian smokes Dunhill.

Since the Pell Mell smoker raises birds, he is not a Swede, which means he is an Englishman. Consequently, the Swede smokes Philip Morris and drinks beer.

There are five houses different colors: red, green, white, yellow and blue. Each is inhabited by people of different nationalities: German, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian and English. Each of them drinks one type of drink, smokes one brand of cigarettes and owns one pet. Each of them is unique within the group (drink, brand of cigarettes, animal is not repeated!).

Question: who keeps the fish if:

1. The Englishman lives in a red house;

2. The Swede is holding a dog;

3. The Dane drinks tea;

4. The green house is to the left of the white one, and its tenant is drinking coffee;

5. Camel smoker holding a bird;

6. The resident of the house in the middle drinks milk;

7. The tenant of the yellow house smokes Dunhill;

8. A Norwegian lives in the first house;

9. A Marlboro smoker lives next to the cat owner;

10. The horse owner lives next to the Dunhill smoker”;

11. The Kent smoker drinks beer;

12. Norwegian's house - next to the blue house;

13. The German smokes Rothmans;

14. A Marlboro smoker lives next to someone who drinks water.

Answer

Show the correct answer First house: Norwegian, yellow house, Dunhill, cat, water;
Second house: Dane, blue house, Marlboro, horse, tea;
Third house: Englishman, red house, Camel, bird, milk;
Fourth house: German, green house, Rothmans, fish, coffee;
Fifth house: Swede, white house, "Kent", dog, beer;
The German is holding the fish.