How many handrails does a disabled person need to furnish an apartment? Comfortable apartment for disabled people

In July, the Government of the Russian Federation approved new rules for residential premises adapted for people with disabilities. The Resolution stipulates actions to ensure the accessibility of residential premises for people with disabilities; the document also establishes rules that establish requirements for ensuring the adaptability of housing.

Changes and refurbishment of his living quarters will depend on the characteristics of the disabled person’s limited life support.

Some requirements and rules for residential premises for the disabled

The rules under consideration apply to all types of forms of ownership of individual residential premises of disabled people. According to the new document, the Ministry of Construction of Russia is obliged, within a period of no more than 3 months, to approve the rules and forms for inspecting housing and concluding (an act) on the economic feasibility of its major repairs or reconstruction. The created commissions will be required to recognize the citizen as disabled, characterize the living quarters and determine the need for their adaptation.

The new rules specifically define the requirements for access to residential premises, as well as common property, for children and adults with disabilities. Some rules for the territory and common areas:

the territory of apartment buildings where at least one disabled person lives must be level (or have a rough surface) and have no gaps;
installation of ramps (both instead of single steps and on stairs);
on the porch of an apartment building, the canopy must have a protective fence from snow, rain, as well as drainage of water drainage; it is mandatory to install electric lighting devices;
An information sign must be placed at the entrance, indicating its number; there must also be such a sign on the door, and all information is printed in Braille.

The rules and requirements for the living quarters of a disabled person are as follows:

availability of a living room;
the presence of a combined sanitary unit and bathroom;
the presence of a hall-hall with an area of at least 4 square meters. meters;
equipping all apartment thresholds with removable ramps (attached, overhead);
The width between the walls for the movement of a disabled person's wheelchair must be at least 1.5 meters.

the floor level should be zero level or no more than 14 mm, with beveled edges;
drainage and drainage grids must be at the same level as the surface of the coating;
the entrance area must have dimensions of no less than 1400 x 2000 mm or 1500 x 1850 mm;
The slope of the coatings should not exceed 1-2%.

Ladder requirements:

the number of rises (steps) of one level difference is no more than 12;
the surface of the steps must be rough or have an anti-slip coating;
The lower and upper steps need to be highlighted with color or texture.

Rehabilitation of disabled children
How to equip an apartment for the needs of a disabled child?

The right to live in an apartment equipped specifically for the needs of a child with limited mobility and/or self-care is determined by Article 15 of Federal Law No. 181 of November 24, 1995 “On the social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation.” Moreover, Article 16 of this law provides for the liability of officials for evading compliance with these requirements.

The rules for providing benefits to disabled people and families with disabled children to provide them with living quarters, pay for housing and utilities, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 27, 1996 No. 901, indicate that the equipment and equipping of apartments is carried out on the basis of the recommendations of the IPR and is financed by residential property owners.

This means that the administration of the locality at the place of residence is obliged to refurbish an apartment at its own expense only in the municipal housing stock. In all other cases, financing is provided either by the parents of a disabled child (if they are the owners of the apartment), or by charitable sources or additional programs of state social support for the population.

The installation of devices in the apartment that do not violate the structure of the building (handrails, stops, lifts in the bathroom, etc.) is carried out on the basis of recommendations in an individual rehabilitation program on the initiative of the parents of a disabled child. The technical means themselves and their installation are purchased or paid for by the territorial social protection body according to the scheme adopted to provide a disabled child with technical means of rehabilitation.

In cases where the installation of technical devices requires intervention in the structure of the building (re-equipment of interior entrances, installation of equipment in the bathroom on load-bearing walls, installation of lifts on flights of stairs, installation of an external elevator, etc.), it is necessary to obtain an opinion from the engineering and technical service.

In addition, when changes affect common areas (stairwells, vestibules, elevators in an apartment building), it is advisable to obtain the consent of other residents whose interests may be affected by the upcoming changes.

Unfortunately, Russian legislation does not provide for separate standard instructions for equipping apartments in which disabled children live.

However, upon your application to the head of the Management Company or the HOA, the building is required to make ramps at the entrance exit, and on each floor, to technically solve the problem of installing removable ramps or moving lifts.

If this is not feasible, then you can insist on moving to the ground floor of a residential building located in the municipal housing stock.

The application is written in any form, with the attachment of the ITU certificate of the disabled person, an individual rehabilitation program and a copy of the financial and personal account (or an extract from the house register). If you are denied a solution to this problem, citing the technical impossibility of solving it, then you must contact the Housing Commission of your area with a request to exchange this apartment for an apartment located on the first floor of a residential building in your area. And if they don’t solve it there, feel free to go to court.

The peculiarity of arranging apartments for people with disabilities who use wheelchairs is that they need more space to move than healthy people. In accordance with this, when refurbishing an apartment, it is first necessary to identify the routes of movement of a person in a wheelchair, coordinate his movement in all rooms and only after that, arrange furniture and equipment.

Entrance to the apartment for a disabled person in a wheelchair

Entrances to residential buildings should be placed at the level closest to the ground surface. The ideal entrance to a building for disabled people using a wheelchair is at the same level as the sidewalk. As a rule, to prevent water from flooding the premises, a step 0.15-high is installed in front of the entrance 0.2 m. In this case, it is necessary to perform smooth descents with a slope of no more than 5%.

Ramp The width is usually not less than 0.9 m The angle of inclination of the ramp should be no more than 112 and when rising to 0.2 m - no more than 110, the transverse slope should not exceed 1 50 (2%) On external (not adjacent to the wall) side the edges of the ramp and horizontal platforms require sides with a height of at least 0.05 m to prevent the stroller from slipping. The ramp surface should not be slippery.

Handrails are installed on both sides of the ramp. Handrails at the ramp railings should, as a rule, be provided double at a height of 0.7 m and 0.9 m. In accordance with the recommendations of E. G. Leontyeva. wheelchair user, author of the book “An accessible environment through the eyes of a disabled person”, double handrails are preferable for the following positions; disabled people in a wheelchair can use both the upper and lower handrails; in modern models of wheelchairs, the backrest height is reduced from 0.9 m to 0.8 m Installing a lower pair of handrails prevents such a wheelchair from falling from the side.

It is necessary that the length of the ramp handrails on each side be greater than the length of the ramp itself by at least 0.03 m, and these sections must be horizontal. Handrails are usually round in cross-section with a diameter of at least 0.03 m and no more than 0.05 m ( recommended diameter 0.04 m). The distance between the handrail and the wall is usually at least 0.4-0.5 m. The surface of the handrail is continuous along its entire length and strictly parallel to the surface of the ramp itself. The handrails must be securely fastened, and they must have a large margin of strength to prevent their deformation due to children's games (skating, etc.). The ends of the handrails are either rounded or firmly attached to the surface, wall or racks, and when arranged in pairs, they are also connected to each other.

When moving in a wheelchair, fingerless gloves are very useful to protect your hands from calluses. It is recommended to cover them with leather from the palm part, and sew mesh on the back side.

The width of the horizontal platform in front of the entrance to the apartment should provide the ability to turn the wheelchair for convenient entry into the room. The depth of space for maneuvering a wheelchair in front of the door when opening away from you must be at least 1.2 m, and when opening towards you - at least 1.5 m. The depth of the area in front of the front door and the depth of the vestibule cannot be less than 1.2 m. The entrance door should, as a rule, open in the direction opposite to the ramp.

The front door of a residential building is the border between public territory and private housing. Accessibility requirements are a priority for all entrance doors, since residents of any apartment may be visited by friends or relatives with physical disabilities or may become disabled themselves.

Entrance doors to buildings must have a width of at least 0.9 m and a height of at least 2.1 m. If there is a double door, the width of at least one of the door leaves must be at least 0.9 m. For doors located in the corner of the corridor, the distance from the handle to the side wall is at least 0.6 m. In the case of an existing doorway with a width of less than 0.9 m and, accordingly, a smaller door width [due to door hinges], it is recommended to replace the door hinges. Retrofitting the door with such hinges will allow it to open 180 degrees - parallel to the wall - and thus increase the width of the door.

Entrance hall and corridor for a wheelchair user

The area of the hallway must correspond to the ergonomic standards of the working area of a person in a wheelchair, taking into account all possible movements of the arms and space for turning the wheelchair. Sufficient space to accommodate a disabled person in a wheelchair is a zone of 0.85x1.2 m. Comfortable space is 0.9x1.5 m.

There is a simple device for removing shoes that is easy to make yourself.

Near the hallway of the apartment, a place or storage room should be provided for storing materials and products used in home work, with an area of at least 4 square meters. m. This pantry is also recommended to be used as a place to store an outdoor stroller.

Doorways in the apartment must be at least 0.9 m. The main functional elements (hanger, switch, mirror, etc.) must be located at a height between 0.85 and 1.1 m crawl.

If there is built-in furniture in the hallway, then the furniture doors should be held in place with magnetic latches. The height of the shelves in the closet and the height of the mirror in the hallway should be comfortable for a person in a wheelchair. Sockets and switches are located at a convenient height.

Both in the hallway and throughout the apartment, it is recommended to remove all carpets, rugs and rugs that are not secured around the perimeter of the room. If carpets are used, they must be securely reinforced, especially at the edges; the thickness of the coating, including the pile, should not exceed 0.013 m. The most suitable floor in the apartment is wooden, coated with a special varnish with a high friction force, or non-slip linoleum.

Corners at turns in the apartment should be as rounded as possible. All passages in the apartment (if possible) should not have thresholds, steps or other height differences.

If it is necessary to install thresholds, their height should not exceed 0.025 m.

The width of the corridor must be sufficient for the free movement of a disabled person in a wheelchair. The minimum width of the corridor in which a wheelchair can turn or turn around is 1.2 m. If the passage is locally narrowed, its width can be reduced to 0.85 m. The height of the passage to the bottom of protruding structures must be at least 2.1 m.

In small apartments, to make it easier to turn the stroller around in the hallway, it is recommended to remove unnecessary doors. It is difficult for a person in a wheelchair to close the doors tightly, so the best option is a minimum number of doors.

Kitchen for wheelchair users

The kitchen is a favorite place in every home. The kitchen area in apartments of disabled people using a wheelchair must be at least 9 square meters. m, and its width is at least 2.2 m. Built-in furniture in the kitchen should allow wheelchair access to all tables and have the minimum required space for movement. When arranging furniture, you should be guided by the size of the functional areas - the necessary space for the movement of wheelchair users.

Approaches to equipment and furniture must have a width of at least 0.9 m, and if it is necessary to turn the wheelchair 90 degrees, at least 1.2 m.

The optimal reach of objects for a wheelchair user is within:

* with lateral shelves - no higher than 1.4 m and no lower than 0.3 m from the floor;

* with a frontal approach - no higher than 1.4 m and no lower than 0.4 m

Kitchen tables, sink, stove should be at the same height, selected individually. All kitchen shelves and dish drainers must be at such a height that a disabled person can easily reach the items in them on their own. Pipes for supplying cold and hot water should be installed out of reach of hands and feet.

A very important issue in refurbishing an apartment is the placement of the washing machine. The basic requirements are to be close to water and sewer pipes, have an accessible outlet, and have easy access to the machine.

The space under the kitchen sink should also be accessible for a stroller to enter. You can install a food waste disposer in the sink. It should be noted that this is an expensive pleasure. By installing such a chopper on the kitchen sink instead of a siphon and connecting it to the drain system, you can immediately solve the problem of removing food waste. No garbage, no foreign odors, no dirt.

A simple technical tool that is necessary not only in the kitchen, but throughout the entire apartment is a device in the form of a “grabber”. With the help of such a device it is easy to get any object.

Bathroom and toilet for wheelchair users

The bathroom and toilet require refurbishment. The most convenient for a disabled person moving in a wheelchair is not a bath, but a shower. The size of such a cabin must be at least 1.2 x 0.9 m. In it, it is easy for a disabled person to transfer from a wheelchair to a regular plastic chair, use the flexible shower hose and wash himself. The chair needs to be strengthened so that it does not move when transferring from the stroller.

Handrails must be installed in the shower stall. It is also desirable that there are handrails near the sink. The mirror in the bathroom should be hung at a comfortable height.

A toilet combined with a bathroom is preferable: in this case, the space for maneuvering the stroller increases.

In modern small-sized apartments, the bathroom is usually combined with a toilet. It is difficult for a disabled person to get into the bathtub and cannot be done without outside help. It is suggested to place a cross board on the bathtub. It is advisable to cover this board with corrugated rubber (so that it is not slippery to sit on]. Using a board of various shapes, the disabled person moves from the stroller directly to the seat and washes himself in the bathtub. If you have financial resources and sufficient space in the bathroom, you can install a lift.

It is necessary to make handrails near the toilet. The door from the toilet opens outwards, and the wide handle is at an individually selected height.
It is easy to slip on wet floors in bathrooms and toilets, so the flooring should be made of rough materials.

If necessary, handrails can be installed along the walls around the perimeter of the entire toilet at a height of 0.8-0.85 m above floor level. If a disabled person has a contracture in the hip or knee joint, it is recommended to install a nozzle on the toilet.

Living room for a disabled person

There should be no unnecessary furniture in the living room; let it be free to move in a wheelchair. It is advisable not to place small-sized furniture in the room, such as bedside tables. Small objects interfere with the stroller's passage. Sockets and switches must be placed at a height convenient for a disabled person. Windows should be wheelchair accessible and easy to open. Drawers in closets, books on shelves, and dishes in a cupboard should be accessible.

A technical tool - a “grabber” - is always at hand, and even if glasses or some other object falls, with its help the disabled person can pick it up on his own. The large handle on the room door makes it easy to open.

A simple device will help you put on socks or knee socks yourself.

It is advisable to install a TV, stereo system and other equipment in built-in furniture. Optimal equipment control is remote. The most convenient telephone device for the home is a radiotelephone or cell phone, which is always nearby. People with disabilities usually have reduced adaptation of the body to the environment, and if funds are available, it can be recommended to install an air conditioner in the room, which allows you to regulate the humidity and temperature of the air in the room.

If a disabled person has the strength and desire, he can work without leaving his apartment. In this case, it is necessary to think about the organization of the work area in the room. Firstly, this is workplace lighting. It must be directed towards the work area, must not create shadows in the work area and be bright enough.
To work with a sewing machine, you need a large table, at which it is convenient to sit in a stroller. Functional elements in the room should be located at a height between 0.85 m and 1.10 m above the floor.

Another option for working from home is working on a computer. In this case. There is no unnecessary furniture in the room, it is free to move in a wheelchair. The bedside tables, which are located under the table, are equipped with wheels, and the disabled person can move them independently and easily. The height of the working shelves of the cabinets is selected individually, and all items on them are accessible.

Wheelchair user's bedroom

The bedroom is a relaxation room. A special, special bed is recommended for a disabled person. The high bed is very comfortable. The height of such a bed allows you to place your feet under it, which are on the footrest of the stroller. In such a bed it is convenient not only to lie, but also to half-sit. To do this, you must either purchase a special headrest, or provide a device in the bed itself that regulates the rise. On the headboard of the bed you can install either a special attachment with a table or a handrail, with which it will be convenient to rise.

It is recommended to strengthen the handrail on the wall next to the bed. There are also handrails on the side wall of the bed. These handrails will prevent you from falling out of bed and will also help you move from it to a stroller. If the height of the bed is lower than the level of the stroller seat, then boards must be placed under the mattress to increase the height of the bed. You can place a vessel under the bed.

It is recommended to place a table near the bed. One of its surfaces can change position, it is easy to move it towards you, on the other plane you can put a phone or something else. The table has wheels and moves easily. We remind you - no bedside rugs!

When choosing finishing materials and decorative fabrics for a room, flammable products should be avoided.

All devices, fixtures, and additional equipment in the apartment are designed for maximum convenience and safety for a disabled person. However, it is impossible to foresee all cases, therefore, when equipping an apartment, especially if a disabled person lives alone, it is recommended to install an alarm with an intercom for emergency assistance. When such an alarm is installed, all areas of the apartment are equipped with devices that sense sound. The activation of the “panic button” is sent to the central dispatcher post, which turns on the intercom and helps the disabled person: calls a doctor or provides other necessary assistance.

Balconies and loggias for wheelchair users

Very often it is difficult for a disabled person to leave an apartment, so having a loggia or balcony in the apartment is very desirable. When arranging an accessible balcony (loggia), the following requirements must be met::

Use dense corrugated flooring;

The maximum height of the thresholds and the height difference between the balcony floor and the interior of the house should be within 0.002 m, especially if ramps are not installed;

Install slopes descending from the doors;

Fences must be made taking into account the viewing angle of a seated person (height ~ 0.6 m]. At the same time, parapets should not encourage children to climb on them.

According to the law, a disabled person has the right to a comfortable home, equipped with special means and devices in accordance with an individual rehabilitation program. Families of disabled citizens also receive the right to expanded housing conditions.

How can a disabled person get an apartment? Let us outline the conditions and procedure for obtaining housing benefits.

Who is disabled?

Right to housing benefits

Conditions for providing housing to persons with disabilities

Family living in a residential building, the area of which, when calculated for each relative, does not meet the required standards.
The technical and sanitary characteristics of the premises in which the disabled person and his family live do not meet the established standards.
The apartment of a person using a wheelchair is located above the 2nd floor.
The family of a disabled person lives in the same living space in adjacent non-isolated rooms with other families not related to them.
In the same living space with another family, if the family includes a patient with a serious chronic disease, with whom it is impossible to be in the same room.
A person with disabilities lives in a dormitory or in a communal apartment (there are exceptions to this subclause).
Accommodation for a long time on the terms of hiring, subletting or renting living space.

Disability does not limit a person’s ability to obtain housing on other grounds provided for by other social support programs.

How to register for housing

How can a disabled person get an apartment? First of all, you need to register in the queue as someone in need of expanded living space. To do this, you will have to collect a package of documents and attach a corresponding application to it.

The list of documents for registration in the queue is as follows:

Certificate of recognition of a person as disabled.
A document that includes a set of rehabilitation measures (individual rehabilitation program).
Documents indicating compliance with the requirements of social services for obtaining housing (certificate of family composition, extract from the House Register).
Other documents upon request (medical certificates, extracts from the BTI, etc.)

Procedure for providing benefits

Preferential housing for disabled people of group 2

Disabled people of group 2 are recognized as having limited ability to work.

However, citizens of this category also need special living and care conditions, and therefore have the right to benefit from housing benefits from the state.

Group 2 disabled people registered as needing housing apply for housing provided under a social tenancy agreement.

Housing for disabled people of group 2 must meet certain requirements in order to ensure the comfort of the disabled person living in it.

How should the living space be equipped?

The apartment must contain devices that make life and movement easier for a person with disabilities.
The area of the premises must meet the standards established for citizens of this category.
When designing an apartment building for the disabled, the characteristics of future residents are taken into account, and therefore the building is equipped with ramps and special elevators.

If a person living in the premises on the basis of a social tenancy agreement is sent to a special rehabilitation center or a home for the disabled, his housing will not be transferred to anyone for six months. If the citizen’s relatives remain in the apartment, then it is guaranteed that no one will occupy it for any period of time.

Singles are provided with separate housing only on the condition that the citizen is able to take care of himself without the help of third parties.

Other housing benefits

In addition to measures to provide living space, disabled people of any group apply for various housing benefits that ease their financial situation:

A 50% discount on payments for utilities and housing services (rent, electricity, heating, water supply).
Discount on the purchase of coal, gas and other heating means for residents of houses where there is no central heating.