Stiff neck, symptoms, treatment. Muscle stiffness

A person often experiences neck pain, which can be caused by various reasons. But few people pay attention to the nature of this pain and accompanying features, attributing all unusual manifestations to simple fatigue. Therefore, we will next talk about what neck rigidity is, how it is expressed and how it is treated.

Muscle stiffness- a phenomenon that is characterized by increased muscle tone and the inability to completely relax the muscles, which complicates their mobility.

The condition manifests itself in increased muscle tone

Reference. Translated from Latin, rigidity means “numb”, “solid”.

This pathological phenomenon can affect various muscle groups. Thus, there is the occurrence of rigidity in the muscles of the legs, arms, back, neck, and face. Each localization of pathology has its own causes of occurrence and development characteristics.

Besides, muscle hypertonicity is divided into 2 types: spastic and plastic. First view hypertonicity spreads unevenly, second type- affects all muscle groups at once.

Causes

This phenomenon is not an independent disease. Hypertonicity is a symptom of other diseases, often various dysfunctions of the nervous system: central and peripheral.

Common cause of muscle hypertonicity

In such a situation stiffness of the neck muscles is persistent, accompanied by severe pain(even with slight movement) and is caused by the following ailments:

cervical;
torticollis;
arthritis of the cervical segment;
stroke;
Parkinson's disease;
birth trauma;
meningitis;
cervical;
encephalitis.

At the same time, hypertonicity can arise due to the characteristics of professional activity and lifestyle:

Problems with posture.
Incorrect position while resting or sleeping.
Frequent stress.
Staying in one position for a long time (when working at a computer).
Jobs that involve frequent head movements (for example, a conveyor operator in a factory).
Uncomfortable neck position for a long time.
Injuries and sprains.

Slouching can also cause muscle stiffness, which can be relieved by regular exercise.

The consequence of such circumstances is poor circulation in the neck, spasms and aching pain in the back of the head. In such cases, to eliminate the problem, it is enough to perform light gymnastics.

Main symptoms

The general clinical picture includes the following characteristic symptoms of neck stiffness:

pain in the cervical area of aching or pressing nature;
increased pain during movements, turns, tilts of the head;
spread of pain to the occipital and interscapular region;
lack of normal range of motion.

The above symptoms are constant, may have varying intensity and do not depend on the cause of their occurrence.

The basis of symptoms is pain and limited movement

Also, such manifestations may be accompanied by additional symptoms:

headache, dizziness;
nausea, vomiting;
weakness;
impaired coordination and fine motor skills;
increase in body temperature;
photophobia.

Such auxiliary symptoms help the specialist determine the preliminary cause of the condition and the direction of further action.

Diseases that may have hypertonicity as a symptom

There is a whole list of pathologies dangerous to human health and life that are accompanied by stiffness of the muscles of the back of the head and neck:

Dangerous disease

Due to the fact that rigidity can be a sign of various diseases, including dangerous ones, its occurrence requires careful diagnosis and treatment.

Treatment

Since hypertonicity of the cervical muscles is not an independent disease, before prescribing treatment, a specialist conducts a thorough examination of the patient to identify the cause of this condition.

First, the patient’s complaints are clarified, and the presence of rigidity and its characteristics are determined. How to check for a stiff neck?

To do this, there is a simple test that is performed by a doctor:

the patient sits on the couch and completely relaxes;
the patient's head is on the doctor's hand;
The doctor brings the patient's head to the sternum.
The patient himself does not take part in the movement.

Checking for muscle stiffness

The test result is considered positive, if the patient feels pain, discomfort, and there is also a gap between the chin and the sternum (this distance is also measured).

Based on the results of the examination, individual courses of treatment are selected aimed at the main ailment that provoked muscle hypertonicity:

For meningitis- antibiotic therapy.
For encephalitis— symptomatic therapy is carried out depending on the type of disease. Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs, antibacterial drugs, anticonvulsants, and detoxification agents can be used. If necessary, resuscitation measures are carried out (ventilation, cardiotropic drugs).

Treatment depends on the underlying disease that provoked hypertension

After eliminating the provoking factor, the patient may be prescribed the use of orthopedic devices, exercise therapy, and therapeutic massage.

Conclusion

In order to prevent the occurrence of muscle disorders, it is necessary to monitor your health, lifestyle and promptly begin treatment for the underlying disease.

Muscle rigidity is a condition in which there is increased tone and overstrain.

Healthy muscle tissue constantly contracts and relaxes, and with a persistent increase in tone, it becomes stiff and painful. Rigidity does not occur in isolation; it is a typical symptom of some diseases. Let's talk about the anatomical and physiological features of the pathology and understand the reasons for its occurrence.

Muscles are an important part of the human body. They serve as protection for bones and joints and also promote active movement. Any pathological processes cause discomfort and pain, in addition, motor function suffers.

Rigidity appears when there is a malfunction of the central and peripheral nervous system. The pathology does not have a favorite age group; it can occur in both adults and infants. However, if childhood rigidity up to a certain age (3 – 6 months) can be considered the norm, then when a symptom appears in an adult, a detailed examination is necessary.

Objective reasons

In addition to disorders in the central nervous system, professional activity can also provoke rigidity. Negative factors in this case include monotonous loads, long periods of time at the computer, driving, etc. Prolonged tension and low activity can lead to spasms of the neck, shoulders, and pain in the back of the head. To restore impaired blood circulation, which provokes increased tone, it will be enough to give a relaxing massage. If the rigidity of the cervical and occipital muscles persists, then this indicates the development of serious pathologies.

Here is a list of diseases that can cause skeletal muscle rigidity:

Arthritis, arthrosis, osteochondrosis, osteoporosis and other pathologies of the cervical spine. All of them lead to disruption of innervation. When ailments worsen, they are accompanied by severe pain, dizziness, and stiffness of the neck and neck muscles.
Cervical radiculitis. The cause of its appearance is damage to the peripheral nervous system. Typical symptoms are muscle spasms and severe pain in the back of the head.
Torticollis. Neck stiffness is most often caused by a congenital form of the disease - a unilateral lesion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle tissue, which manifests itself when the head is turned to one side.
Injuries. With various injuries, the vertebrae can become displaced, disruptions in the circulatory system occur and rigidity appears. A sprained ligament can also cause tension.
Meningitis, encephalitis. In severe infectious diseases, the brain is affected and the functioning of the entire body is disrupted.
Parkinson's disease. The pathology is accompanied not only by overstrain of the back of the head and neck, but also of the face, lower and upper extremities. The reason is toxic poisoning or malfunction of the brain.

Please note that muscle spasm does not always indicate some pathological process. Only a doctor can tell you how to check rigidity for the presence or absence of disease.

Symptoms of the condition

When symptoms of muscle tissue rigidity appear, you need to consult a doctor, namely a therapist or neurologist. He will conduct an examination, prescribe certain tests to determine the cause and select treatment.

Symptoms that require additional diagnosis are the following:

muscles spasm, become stiff and painful;
motor activity is impaired, as muscle tissue does not relax;
a disorder occurs in the person’s general condition: he eats little, sleeps poorly, etc.

In severe cases, the pain becomes unbearable. The muscles become so stiff that you cannot touch them, even massage does not have a positive effect. In this case, medications are prescribed, and hospitalization in a neurological hospital may be suggested.

Expert opinion

Over time, pain and crunching in the back and joints can lead to dire consequences - local or complete restriction of movements in the joint and spine, even to the point of disability. People, taught by bitter experience, use a natural remedy to cure joints, which is recommended by orthopedist Bubnovsky... Read more"

Condition of muscle strain in children

Due to an imperfect peripheral nervous system, muscle hypertonicity is very often observed in newborns. As a rule, after a certain period of time, muscle stiffness disappears on its own, after 3 to 6 months.

With neurological abnormalities, a child experiences disturbances in muscle activity, which are accompanied by the following symptoms:

tension and tightness that do not go away even during sleep;
reflex disorders;
legs bent at the knees and tucked towards the stomach;
constantly clenched fists and crossed arms;
muscle stiffness of the legs.

A violation is also indicated by the fact that after birth the baby can hold his head up on his own, although normally he should do this at 6-8 weeks. This is a sign of a stiff neck.

If the pediatrician does not see positive changes during examination, then a certain course of therapy is prescribed to improve the functioning of the central nervous system. As a rule, it consists of therapeutic massage, physiotherapy procedures and medications (if necessary).

A little about secrets

Have you ever experienced constant back and joint pain? Judging by the fact that you are reading this article, you are already personally familiar with osteochondrosis, arthrosis and arthritis. Surely you have tried a bunch of medications, creams, ointments, injections, doctors and, apparently, none of the above has helped you... And there is an explanation for this: it is simply not profitable for pharmacists to sell a working product, since they will lose customers! Nevertheless, Chinese medicine has known the recipe for getting rid of these diseases for thousands of years, and it is simple and clear. Read more"

Treatment and preventive approaches

Treatment of muscle stiffness is primarily aimed at eliminating the cause that triggered its occurrence.

For example, for osteochondrosis, it is recommended to take medications that relieve pain and joint inflammation. To relax muscle tissue, along with the use of medications, massage and physiotherapeutic procedures that improve blood circulation are indicated.

If rigidity is a symptom of torticollis (congenital form), then surgical intervention is indicated. Manual therapy also has a positive effect.

For Parkinson's disease, maintenance therapy is carried out. If tension in the muscles of the back of the head occurs against the background of a stroke or meningitis, then urgent medical attention is needed.

As a rule, alternative medicine - folk recipes - will also help relieve rigidity. Just before using them you should consult your doctor.

To prevent muscle stiffness, experts recommend:

Don’t stay in one position for a long time, just move.
Treat the underlying disease in the initial stages, without leading to complications.
Do not overstrain your muscles during work or sports.

Conclusion on the topic

Muscle rigidity is not an independent disease. The condition has a cause that needs to be found out. Further treatment depends on the identified disease, its severity and the individual characteristics of the patient.

How to forget about back and joint pain?

We all know what pain and discomfort are. Arthrosis, arthritis, osteochondrosis and back pain seriously spoil life, limiting normal activities - it is impossible to raise an arm, step on a leg, or get out of bed.

Muscle rigidity is increased muscle tone that makes it difficult to move. It often develops after excessive physical exertion. Lactic acid and other metabolic end products accumulate in the tissues, causing stiffness.

Causes of Muscle Stiffness

Doctors at the Yusupov Hospital identify the cause of muscle rigidity and use innovative methods for treating diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, extrapyramidal disorders, the manifestation of which is muscle rigidity. Muscle stiffness, or muscle tension, in particular is a symptom of Parkinson's disease.

Symptoms of Muscle Stiffness

Initially, muscle rigidity is characterized by mild discomfort and slight muscle stiffness in the head and back. Over time, the tension becomes stronger and spreads to the muscles of the upper and lower extremities. Painful spasms appear in the arms and legs. A feeling of viscous, waxy resistance in the limbs appears even at rest.

Under strong emotional stress, a stressful situation, or during active movement, muscle tension increases. A person tries to make as few movements as possible. An exacerbation may last for several days. The patient develops sleep disturbances and complains of periodic awakenings during the night.

Facial muscle rigidity is one of the symptoms of tetanus. With stiff neck muscles, patients complain of severe pain in the back of the head. It intensifies and becomes pulsating when you move your neck or turn your head. Muscle stiffness can develop after ingesting poisons.

Muscular stiffness in the legs is a symptom of Parkinson's disease. Doctors at the Yusupov Hospital observe stiffness and increased tone in all muscle groups, especially flexors. Patients' gait changes, curvature of the lumbar spine often occurs, and lumbar lordosis develops. They acquire a characteristic “petitioner” pose - the head and back are tilted forward, the arms are pressed tightly to the body and bent at the elbows. The lower limbs are also slightly bent at the knee and hip joints.

Treatment for Muscle Stiffness

Doctors at the Yusupov Hospital treat patients who have muscle stiffness after determining its cause. To do this, neurologists conduct examinations using modern devices from leading American and European companies. Doctors perform laboratory tests using modern reagents that are highly sensitive. To find out the cause of muscle rigidity, innovative diagnostic techniques are used.

For pathologies of the central and peripheral nervous system, parkinsonism, these diseases are treated. Doctors take an individual approach to the treatment of each patient. Therapy depends on the disease, its severity, the general condition of the patient and concomitant pathology.

In case of stiffness of the muscles of the limbs, which has developed due to excessive load or injury, the patient is recommended to provide rest to the damaged area of the body, and if necessary, immobilization is performed. In the acute period of traumatic injury to a limb, it is necessary to avoid any loads, not to lift or carry heavy objects.

For mild forms of muscle rigidity, rehabilitologists at the Yusupov Hospital perform local or general massage, conduct warming physiotherapeutic procedures, and individually select a set of relaxing exercise therapy exercises. For more severe forms of muscle stiffness, short-wave diathermy, hydrotherapy, wax baths and hot wraps are used.

For severe pain, injections of non-narcotic analgesics are given. In the case of the inflammatory nature of muscle rigidity, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, and B vitamins are prescribed.

If indicated, patients take antiepileptic drugs. At the Yusupov Hospital, patients with severe forms of muscle rigidity undergo plasmapheresis, manual therapy, and reflexology. An effective treatment method is laser therapy. Warming and analgesic gels and ointments are used locally.

If you or your loved ones are experiencing symptoms of muscle stiffness, do not delay visiting your doctor. Call and make an appointment with a neurologist at the Yusupov Hospital. After the examination and clarification of the cause of increased muscle tone, the doctor will prescribe individual treatment.

References

ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases)
Yusupov Hospital
Batueva E.A., Kaygorodova N.B., Karakulova Yu.V. The influence of neurotrophic therapy on neuropathic pain and the psycho-vegetative status of patients with diabetic neuropathy // Russian Journal of Pain. 2011. No. 2. P. 46.
Boyko A.N., Batysheva T.T., Kostenko E.V., Pivovarchik E.M., Ganzhula P.A., Ismailov A.M., Lisinker L.N., Khozova A.A., Otcheskaya O .V., Kamchatnov P.R. Neurodiclovit: possibility of use in patients with back pain // Farmateka. 2010. No. 7. pp. 63–68.
Morozova O.G. Polyneuropathy in somatic practice // Internal medicine. 2007. No. 4 (4). pp. 37–39.

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Prices for diagnosing muscle rigidity

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Muscle rigidity is an increase in their tone and stable resistance to deforming forces. It is a consequence of pathological disorders of the functional activity of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The criterion for assessing muscle tone is an important symptom in diagnosing diseases caused by these disorders.

Causes of neck-brachial muscle stiffness

Painful muscle stiffness can be caused by a person’s professional activities. A prolonged state of tension, associated with limited mobility of the cervicobrachial muscles, leads to their spasm. Increased muscle tone caused by poor circulation is manifested by aching sensations in the occipital region and does not require therapy. Regular exercise restores blood circulation and relieves fatigue.

Persistent muscle stiffness in the neck and shoulders, which is accompanied by severe pain at the slightest movement and other symptoms, can be the result of a number of serious pathologies. Diseases that cause muscle stiffness:

Osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, arthritis. They are characterized by dystrophic disorders in articular cartilage caused by excessive stress, metabolic and postural disorders, injuries and other reasons. Symptoms of osteochondrosis, in addition to stiff neck, are accompanied by pain in the head, upper limbs and shoulders. Severe dizziness can be aggravated by decreased vision and hearing. Referring pain in the chest has symptoms of angina pectoris. For an accurate diagnosis, a study using magnetic resonance imaging is necessary. Drug treatment involves an integrated approach and should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor; it is aimed at relieving inflammation and pain in the joints that caused an exacerbation. For neck stiffness, the use of drugs that restore blood circulation and muscle tone is also indicated. Rehabilitation will be accelerated by physiotherapeutic procedures and massage;
Neck injuries. They can cause stretching and displacement of the cervical vertebrae. As a rule, they are accompanied by frequent pain and dizziness, and decreased sensitivity in the hands. The close proximity of the arteries that supply blood to the brain causes great danger when the cervical vertebrae are displaced. Diagnosis is based only on MRI. Treatment of muscle stiffness with anti-inflammatory therapy involves effective methods of relieving muscle tension through massage and acupuncture. For complex injuries, surgical intervention is indicated. The recovery process is facilitated by wearing an orthopedic collar;
Torticollis. A defect in the cervical spine, causing the head to turn in the opposite direction. Skeletal disorders lead to changes in soft and muscle tissues. The disease is often congenital in nature; it can be a consequence of birth trauma or formed by incorrect intrauterine position of the fetus. The cause of acquired torticollis is dislocation of the cervical vertebrae, incorrect position of the head caused by deterioration of hearing and vision, and professional activity. Rigidity of the neck muscles is caused by prolonged forced positioning of the head. Treatment is determined by the cause of the disease. The congenital form requires surgery. Manual therapy is effective regardless of the cause of torticollis;
Brain hemorrhage, encephalitis, meningitis. Diseases associated with poor circulation and inflammation of the human brain cause increased muscle tone at different stages of development. Severe headache, high fever, increased sensitivity to light, and nausea are symptoms of each of these diseases. Increased muscle tone against the background of these symptoms poses a great danger. Rigidity of the neck muscles is manifested by sharp resistance when passively trying to tilt the head to the chest and is one of the early signs of meningitis. To accurately diagnose inflammation, a study of the cerebrospinal fluid is necessary, and a computed tomography scan will show a lesion in the affected brain. Therapy is aimed at taking emergency measures to treat the underlying disease;
Parkinsonism. Neurological syndrome, the cause of which is diseases associated with impaired brain function, as well as toxic poisoning of the body. It is characterized by trembling of the body and rigidity of the muscles of the legs, arms, neck, and face. Treatment involves supportive care.

Muscle stiffness in children

Increased muscle tone is often present in infants; this is natural, and muscle tightness usually goes away during the first months of life. The following factors indicate a violation of the process of formation of the child’s peripheral nervous system:

Inactivity of the baby;
A tight posture in which the knees are tucked towards the body;
Impaired reflexes;
Stiffness of the leg muscles.

If, upon examination, a neurologist does not observe positive dynamics in the child’s muscle tone, then emergency treatment is necessary to normalize the nervous system and muscle activity. Lack of timely assistance to a child leads to delays in neuropsychic and physical development. He later begins to crawl, stand up and walk, but does not step on his entire foot, but moves on tiptoes. Treatment for muscle stiffness in your baby includes medications, physical therapy, and massage.

Video from YouTube on the topic of the article:

Muscle stiffness- constant presence of muscles in a state of tonic tension, which is characteristic of both agonist and antagonist muscles, and therefore the plastic nature of the increase in muscle tone is manifested.

During passive movements in the patient's limbs, the examiner feels an unchanging, viscous, waxy resistance. The patient himself primarily complains of stiffness. With akinetic-rigid syndrome in the initial stage of its development, muscle rigidity in Parkinson's disease is usually asymmetrical and can manifest itself in any one part of the body, but later, as the disease progresses, it becomes more widespread and generalized over time.

The patient's posture changes: the head and torso are tilted forward, with the chin often almost touching the chest, the arms are pressed to the body, bent at the elbow and wrist joints, the fingers are bent at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extended at the interphalangeal joints, while the thumb is in a position opposition to others. An increase in tone in the neck muscles leads to the fact that already at an early stage of the disease, when called, patients tend to turn their whole body or turn their gaze as much as possible, leaving their head motionless.

The main differences between rigidity and spasticity are:

Distribution of areas of increased muscle tone: rigidity is manifested in both flexor and extensor muscles, but is more pronounced in the flexors of the trunk, and is also significant in the small muscles of the face, tongue and pharynx. Spasticity is combined with paresis or paralysis and, with hemiparesis, tends to form the Wernicke-Mann position (arm bent, leg extended).

Qualitative indicators of hypertonicity: rigidity - constant resistance to passive movements, “plastic” tone, positive “lead tube” symptom (with passive movements, muscle resistance is uniform, as when bending a lead tube). The spastic state of the muscles is characterized by the recoil symptom and the “jackknife” symptom.

Rigidity is less associated with increased activity of the arc of segmental reflexes, which is characteristic of spasticity, and is more dependent on the frequency of discharges in motor neurons. In this regard, tendon reflexes do not change with rigidity, with spasticity they increase, and with rigidity, clonus and pathological signs characteristic of spastic paresis do not occur (Babinsky's symptom, etc.).

An obligatory manifestation of rigidity is the “gear wheel” phenomenon; with spastic paresis, this phenomenon does not occur.

Symptoms of Muscle Stiffness

In humans, with damage and disruption of the central nervous system and pathological irritation of peripheral nerves, various manifestations of muscle rigidity may be observed. Thus, in case of poisoning with certain poisons, diseases of the nervous system, as well as under the influence of hypnosis, a state of plastic tone occurs, characterized by the fact that the muscles become waxy; In this case, it is easy to give the limbs any position that they hold for a long time without changing. The appearance of plastic muscle tone is characteristic of a special condition of the nervous system, called catalepsy, or waxy rigidity.

With parkinsonism, the severity of hypokinesia and muscle rigidity may depend to a certain extent on the general condition of the patient. At rest, hypokinesia and muscle rigidity are more pronounced; with slow passive movements, some weakening of rigidity is sometimes observed. Hypokinesia and rigidity are largely influenced by the patient’s mental state, especially negative emotions, which sometimes sharply increase muscle tone. However, in the morning, after sleep, the severity of both components of akinetic-rigid syndrome can significantly decrease.

This also sometimes manifests itself in some extreme situations (short-term manifestations of paradoxical kinesia). A slight decrease in the severity of muscle rigidity is also noted during the patient’s stay in a warm bath or during therapeutic massage. All this allows us to judge that the functional defect in akinesia and rigidity is variable within certain limits; in some cases it can fluctuate in severity: from a state of general immobility to episodes of almost complete restoration of the functional capabilities of the motor sphere.

Treatment of muscle stiffness

The underlying disease causing muscle stiffness is being treated.

Stiffness (muscle numbness) may be a symptom

Stiff neck

Neck stiffness is a pathological condition that occurs as a result of excessively frequent sending of impulses from the brain, which increases the tone of the muscles, turning into a state of stiffness (rigidity). Stiff neck muscles indicate the presence of meningitis or other central nervous system lesions.

Causes of a stiff neck

The main cause of a stiff neck is meningococcal infection, which comes in various types. Purulent meningitis is a group of diseases of the central nervous system, characterized by the occurrence of general infectious, cerebral, meningeal syndromes and changes in the cerebral fluid with the presence of pus in the latter. Less commonly, staphylococci, Escherichia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Listeria and other bacteria are involved in the development of the disease.

The cause of meningococcal meningitis is gram-negative meningococcus. Any infected person plays the role of a source of infection, and it is transmitted by airborne droplets. At the initial stage, there is an increase in temperature, chills, and pronounced symptoms of intoxication (lethargy, adynamia, refusal to eat and drink, headaches). Vomiting appears not related to food intake.

Pneumococcal meningitis is caused by Streptococcus pneumonie. The source of infection is patients with pneumococcal infection, as well as carriers of pneumococcus. The disease is characterized by an acute onset: most often in the first hour there is a sharp increase in temperature to 39-40 ° C and rapidly increasing signs of intoxication. Then symptoms appear that resemble meningococcal infection. On the second or third day, meningeal symptoms appear in a distinct form, in particular, stiffness of the neck muscles is noted. With timely and adequate treatment, the patient’s condition improves significantly after the first week.

Other causes of a stiff neck:

Summer-autumn mosquito encephalitis (Japanese encephalitis).
Cervical myelopathy (spinal compression).
Cervical spondylosis.

A stiff neck is a symptom of one of these severe forms when it occurs unexpectedly, with accompanying symptoms such as nausea or vomiting, fever, headache, drowsiness, confusion, depression, or a seizure. Pain appears on the back of the neck in the middle part and is caused by bending forward or backward.

Treatment of a stiff neck

Treatment for a stiff neck is aimed at eliminating the underlying cause. Among etiotropic and pathogenetic measures, intensive penicillin therapy is effective. In addition, semisynthetic penicillins (oxacillin, ampicillin) are effective methods. The body is detoxified, treated with vitamins and oxygen. When symptoms of brain swelling and edema appear, dehydration therapy is carried out, which helps remove excess fluid from the body. In this case, the use of corticosteroid drugs is practiced. For seizures, phenobarbital is prescribed.

Questions and answers on the topic "Muscle stiffness"

Question:For a year now I have had spasms on the right side of the body, especially the internal organs; when I walk, the entire peritoneum rises up, sometimes suffocation. I’m tired of taking antispasmodics, it’s better after phanezapam, what to do next. Thank you!

Answer: There can be many reasons. You need an in-person consultation with a gastroentrologist for examination.

Question:My husband was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease 4 years ago; he has not typical parkinsonism, increased rigidity, mainly on the right side, but this year my husband has been complaining of weakness and stiffness on the left side. I know that the gamma knife is mainly used in the presence of tremors, we have tremor but it is very mild, it is mainly about the stiffness of the body. Will the gamma knife help him?

Answer: Hello. The indication for Gamma Knife treatment for Parkinson's disease is the presence of severe tremor that interferes with daily activities and is difficult to control with medications. The Gamma Knife is not used to treat rigidity.

Question:Hello! I'm 34 weeks pregnant. When examined by a gynecologist, they said that I have a rigid cervix, it is small and my vagina is narrow. What problems may arise due to this during childbirth? Thanks in advance for your answer.

Answer: By the end of pregnancy, the tissues of the birth canal change significantly; they become looser, softer, and more extensible. Therefore, in your situation it is too early to assess the condition of the birth canal. In addition, the size of the pelvis and fetus matters.