After surgery to remove the vocal cord. Indications for surgery

Voice change surgery is not just a fairy-tale plot, a fad or an exotic thing. For social active people and representatives of public professions (politicians, actors, singers, etc.) such an operation is often a vital necessity.

Of course, regular classes and exercises can help to correct your own timbre, but drastic changes can only be achieved through surgery. Initial surgical intervention in the area vocal cords was seen as an opportunity to return the voice to those who, for one reason or another, had lost it. However, soon older patients who wanted to find a more youthful voice became interested in this procedure, and then other categories of people.
“Reforging” the voice became a reality after the advent of ultra-precise phonosurgical technologies. Previously, the larynx was considered a difficult area for surgery due to its distance from the mouth. However, now advanced microscopes, endoscopic and laryngoscopic instruments have solved this problem.

Examination of the larynx

Indications

• The desire to change the pitch of the voice in order to achieve a more attractive voice.
• Hoarse voice.
• Vocal cord paralysis.
• Polyps and singing injuries on the vocal cords.
• Damage to the ligaments, reducing the aesthetic appeal of the timbre.
• The desire to correct the voice in order to be able to hit more notes.
• Treatment of excessive voice load.

Progress of the procedure

Before the operation, the patient is given a diagnosis, during which it is necessary to identify the degree of risk. Diagnostics is carried out in several stages:

• examination of the larynx through a mirror or frontal reflector;
• Using local anesthesia, the ligaments are examined through a flexible optical fiber that is inserted through the nose;
• after this, the patient undergoes stroboscopy - a procedure aimed at identifying dysfunction of the vocal cords or other formations;
• An acoustic test helps to track the voice picture before and after surgery.

The mechanism of the operation itself is determined very individually and depends on specific situation. The most popular types of operations on the vocal cords are the transformation of a tenor into a baritone and vice versa - a baritone into an alto or soprano.

Surgery to transform a tenor into a baritone

Reducing the timbre of the voice, according to phonation surgeons, is the simplest operation. To do this, doctors use elongated surgical instruments or a CO2 laser. The surgeon penetrates the ligaments, then makes a small incision in in the right place. Experts say that after this simple manipulation the voice becomes much lower, closer to the bass. It is this timbre that is held in special esteem by professional vocalists.

Initially surgical operations on the vocal cords was carried out to restore speech ability in patients who have lost their voice due to any pathology or injury. But recently, similar operations have been carried out in for cosmetic purposes– to relieve the patient of age-related trembling of the voice, to add brutal bassness to a man or eliminate “low tones” in a woman. Often the voice timbre is adjusted using special exercises, however, rapid significant changes are guaranteed only by surgical intervention.

Indications for surgery

Sounds are formed when air moves through the closed vocal cords located in the larynx. The functioning of the ligaments is coordinated by the neuromuscular structures of the larynx, which are responsible not only for speech and vocal activity, but also for respiratory activity. Damage recurrent nerve this department respiratory system(injury, infection, inflammation, intoxication) impairs the mobility of the ligaments, causing their paralysis, loss of voice (partial or complete), difficulties with swallowing and breathing.

Voice formation (phonation) is often disrupted by scars formed in the larynx as a result of operations, burns (chemical or thermal), and prolonged intubation under general anesthesia. In this case, chronic narrowing of the larynx (stenosis) progresses, impairing the mobility of its cartilage. Closure suffers vocal folds, influencing the nature of their vibration.

Indications for phonoplasty may include the presence of singing nodules, polyps, cysts, granulomas, neoplasms, ligament paralysis or damage that reduces the aesthetic appeal of the voice timbre. In addition, surgical intervention is carried out at the request of the patient - to expand the vocal range or to acquire a more attractive voice, in his opinion. Before performing the operation, doctors, examining the patient, determine the degree of his individual risk, report possible consequences.

Voice correction methods

Achievement tangible effect during operations on the vocal cords it became possible only with the use of modern methods. Previously, doctors classified surgical manipulations on the larynx and vocal cords as difficult due to difficulties with access. The use of endoscopic instruments, laryngoscopes, and operating microscopes has greatly facilitated access to surgical field.

Before the operation, the patient undergoes diagnostics: examination of the larynx using a frontal reflector or mirror, fibroendoscopy (assessment of the size, color and nature of tissue changes), stroboscopy (establishment functional disorders vocal cords), acoustic test (digital voice recording is compared with the norm).

Choosing a methodology surgical intervention individual. After injuries, postoperative consequences, atrophy or paralysis, the vocal cords are restored using laryngoplasty. For pathologies, voices are used classic methods. If the deformation of the vocal cords or their mobility approaches critical levels, injection laryngoplasty is used. Changing the tone of your voice without medical indications have their own specifics.

Lowering the pitch of the voice

To lower the pitch of the voice in foreign clinics, Botox is injected into the area of ​​the vocal cords that contributes to the production of high-pitched sounds. The tone of the sound depends on the mass of the ligaments - after its introduction, the timbre of the voice becomes lower. Botox must be administered more than once - long-term effects cannot be achieved in practice. In addition, some patients are allergic to the drug.

Domestic surgeons have proposed their own techniques to lower the timbre of the voice. They carry out microsurgical correction procedures using biopolymers that have disinfecting properties and are not capable of causing allergic reactions. Autologous fat, Teflon, and collagen are injected into the vocal cords. These materials are insoluble and are able to penetrate muscle tissue through the hole of the needle.

Injections are carried out under local anesthesia. Such manipulations require precision and great care from the specialist, since an overdose of biopolymer can provoke stenosis respiratory tract. Sometimes, to lower the tone of the voice, before introducing biopolymers, a fragment of cartilage is resected, separating it from the larynx. After such manipulations, the ligaments are shortened and become more flat shape, which lowers the voice. In addition, surgeons have mastered the technique of connecting the ligaments to the thyroid cartilage.

Raising voice pitch

Raising the tone of voice has made significant strides in recent decades. Until the mid-1990s for this surgically cartilages – cricoid and thyroid – were fixed. The operation did not directly affect the vocal cords, but an incision was made in the throat, and the effect of the surgical intervention was not always long-lasting.

Resection of the thyroarytenoid muscle, performed using a laser, reduces muscle mass ligaments As they grow together, the tension increases and the frequency of sounds produced increases. Laser removal fragment of the mucous membrane of the ligaments increases the tone due to an increase in their tension and mobility of the membrane itself. These types endoscopic interventions do not allow achieving a significant increase in voice tone.

To shorten the vibrating component of the ligaments, their front parts are closed, which increases the frequency of the sounds produced. However, such endoscopic surgery is not applicable in all cases.

Introduced in 2000, the method of resection of the thyroid cartilage with reduction of the vocal cords is still widely used today. Specialists remove the anterior fragment of cartilage and part of the ligaments. Such microsurgical voice correction is effective if thyroid cartilages The patient is quite large, and he has a pronounced low voice (a pattern characteristic of gender reassignment). But the intervention is very aggressive - if the removed fragment of the ligaments exceeds permissible norm, the patient may lose his voice.

A new endoscopic method of surgical interventions to improve the tone of the voice - lengthening the anterior commissure and reducing the ligaments, which change their function after surgery appearance. This is one of the more effective and safe techniques on feminization of the voice. In addition to this, to increase the frequency of the voice, special titanium plates are used - they are placed between the throat muscles to stretch the vocal cords.

Important! Despite the successes in the development of new voice correction techniques, a certain risk still exists when performing such operations.

Rehabilitation period

The sound of the voice after surgery depends on the patient himself - on the efforts he makes to adapt the vocal cords. At first, voice rest and adherence to the regimen are recommended. In the future, to restore adequate phonation breathing and voice control after voice change surgery, it is necessary to perform specially selected exercises.

Breathing exercises

Breathing exercises are performed in a standing position:

1. Place one hand on your stomach, the other on your lower section chest. Inhale through the nose, “inflating” the stomach, exhale through the mouth;
2. Inhale briefly through your nose and hold the air. Exhale as long as possible;
3. Inhale a little air through your mouth. Exhaling, sing one of the vowels. Sing the same sound, lowering the tone;
4. Inhale briefly through your nose. Exhaling, count to five (eventually increase the count to 15). Exhale slowly.

Articulation exercises

Before starting the exercises you should do articulatory gymnastics: stick out your tongue several times with a “spatula” and “tube”, try to reach your nose and chin with it; alternately inflate and retract your cheeks; pull your lips forward, stretch them into a smile. After warming up:

1. With your mouth closed, pronounce the sound “m”, gradually increasing or decreasing the volume. Pronounce the sound “r” in a similar way;
2. Exhaling air, alternately pronounce “a”, “o”, “u”, “e”, “and” for as long as possible;
3. With your feet shoulder-width apart, inhale and exhale deeply several times. Lean forward sharply and loudly say “ha” as you exhale;
4. Pronounce tongue twisters as clearly as possible in one breath.

Each block of exercises should be given at least 15 minutes regularly (preferably daily). For self-motivation, it is recommended to record your voice once every two weeks and compare the results of “training” that strengthens the muscles of the larynx.

A pleasant voice attracts the affection of others. But not everyone is given this advantage by nature. And over time, formations may appear on the ligaments, further interfering with the clear sound of the voice. Fortunately, it is possible not only to return it, but also to change it through surgery.

Read in this article

Reasons for vocal cord surgery

Surgical manipulations on the vocal cords are possible using
several reasons:

• due to scars formed due to injury or after surgery on the larynx and neighboring organs;
• for polyps, cysts, granulomas, nodes on them;
• if necessary, restore conversational abilities reduced after tumor removal;
• due to partial or complete paralysis of the ligaments;
• because of age-related changes voice modulations;
• when it sounds rude to a woman;
• when too high voice in men.

In most cases, the need for surgery is purely medical. The patient needs to restore his voice, as it sounds too quiet, slurred, and becomes hoarse. And after a long conversation, you feel tired, which also affects its quality. This makes communication difficult and can interfere with the performance of professional duties.

But surgery can also be done if you simply don’t like your own voice. Rejection of its sound does not harm your health, but it does cause psychological discomfort, from which it is not far from somatic diseases.

Diagnosis of ligament condition

• Laryngoscopy. This is a visual examination of the larynx using a special mirror and laryngeal endoscopes. The doctor will pay attention to the shape of the ligaments, the color of the surface, and the features of the neoplasm, if any.
• Stroboscopy. With its help, ligament movements, static areas, and unwanted changes in vibrations are identified. This is done thanks to light pulses directed at them.

Stroboscopy

Sometimes for more accurate diagnosis A CT scan is prescribed and a tumor biopsy is performed.

Methods of performing surgery on the vocal cords

The nature of the intervention depends on the problem at hand. It can be carried out using a laser or surgical instruments. The use of an endoscope, laryngoscope, and microscope is mandatory. Typically, interventions are performed under general anesthesia due to the difficulty of accessing the ligaments. It is carried out through natural ways, no cuts.

To change your voice

It is possible to make the timbre higher or lower by transforming the chords. The doctor uses instruments to penetrate the larynx to the surgical field. If it is necessary to lower the timbre of the voice, notches are made at certain points of the ligaments. They lengthen and begin to vibrate differently during a conversation. Accordingly, the voice becomes lower.

Before and after vocal cord lengthening surgery

It is more difficult to transform the original timbre into a higher one. To do this, you need to shorten the ligaments. The procedure for changing them takes longer, it is important not to overdo it so that the voice does not become too thin.

Before and after laser plastic surgery vocal cords. Blue stars 2 seams are shown, they will dissolve in 2-3 months.
Before and after (6 months) shortening of the vocal cords. The yellow arrow shows the place where the stitches were placed (they dissolved).

To improve your voice

The intervention is carried out under the control of a laryngoscope. Using a long needle, the ligaments are filled with the patient's own fat tissue taken from other areas. Sometimes collagen preparations and calcium hydroxyapatite are used as a graft. The ligaments are restored in volume, their elasticity improves, which leads to normalization of the sound of the voice. But the effect will be present until the graft is absorbed.

Injection of calcium hydroxyapatite into ligaments

Another type of operation is performed for tumors on the ligaments. The resulting growths are removed using microsurgery, sometimes laser or radio wave radiation. If there is a need to get rid of part of the ligament tissue, replacement is carried out with implants.

• Pronounce alternately the sounds “i”, “e”, “a”, “o”, “u”, stretching them out as much as possible. The exercise is done in front of a mirror and repeated 3 times.
• Pronounce the sound “m” with closed lips. The first time they do this quietly, then louder, and finally increase the sound.
• Touch the roof of your mouth with the tip of your tongue and growl, then exhale and make it stronger. The second part of the exercise should be to clearly pronounce words that contain the letter “R” (role, fish, fence, etc.).
• Standing straight, inhale and as you exhale, make the sound “i”, knocking on your chest. Then do the same, pronouncing “e”, “a”, “o”, “u”.
• From the same position, breathe rhythmically. Then do deep breath, exhale sharply with the sound “ha”.

Sometimes you can restore your voice, give it sonority or slightly change the timbre conservative methods. But if they do not help, you should turn to surgery. A timely operation will not only restore your voice, but will also help to avoid more serious problems with the ligaments.

Useful video

To see what exercises help relax your vocal cords, watch this video:

All materials on the site were prepared by specialists in the field of surgery, anatomy and related disciplines.
All recommendations are indicative in nature and are not applicable without consulting a doctor.

Ligament damage knee joint often called a sports injury. This is understandable, since the strong elastic tissues that form the ligamentous apparatus, which ensures joint functionality, are damaged only when excessive loads or when contact hard impacts (impacts, falls). An experienced traumatologist can determine with great certainty the nature of the injury in a jumper, alpine skier, tennis player, sprinter, basketball player, gymnast, based on accumulated experience and knowledge of the specifics of sports loads.

Causes of ligament rupture

Under atypical loads, partial injury (tear of ligaments) or complete violation integrity of the articular-ligamentous complex (ligament rupture). Being impressed by the success of athletes who develop enormous speed on ski slopes, setting records in high and long jumps, we cannot even imagine what overloads it can withstand. musculoskeletal system how synchronously and clearly the muscles, tendons, and ligaments work.

Only in one knee joint, to ensure flexion-extension, mobility, rotation and fixation in one position, four groups of ligaments are involved:

• Anterior cruciate;
• Internal side;
• Rear cruciate;
• Medial collateral.

Each ligament is vulnerable to certain types external influences, after which conservative or surgical treatment. According to statistics official medicine, the most common is surgery on the anterior cruciate ligament, which is subject to serious traumatic effects. Tears and ruptures of the anterior ligament complex occur 20 times more often than injuries to the posterior ligament complex, and women are injured, on average, 6 times more often than men.

ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries

Tear or complete break front cruciate ligament knee is associated with several types of atypical impacts. The anterior ligament keeps the tibia from moving excessively forward and backward, allowing a certain excess physiological norm amplitude of movements due to the elasticity of the tissues that form it.

The causes of rupture of the anterior knee ligaments are:

1. A sharp contact impact (a blow to the shin or thigh);
2. Subjective impact (sudden braking, landing after a jump);
3. Displacement of the tibia in outer side when the hip rotates to the internal plane (injury to a basketball player when jumping with a turn);
4. Displacement of the shin in inner side when turning the hip outward;
5. Phantom foot, or skier's injury (rupture of the ligament when the tibia rotates and the joint is positioned at a right angle).

Rupture of the ACL of skiers and slalomists is also associated with the specifics of sports equipment. When falling backwards, the upper edge of the boot transfers force to the upper shin area tibia. This type of load at which femur moves backwards while the shin is held by the edge of the boot, causing a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament.

Posterior cruciate ligament injury

Tear of the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint occurs much less frequently. Basically, damage to this part of the articular apparatus is caused by direct mechanical impact, what happens in car accidents, direct blows to the knee (hockey injury), falling from a mountain, lifting heavy weight(weightlifter injury).

With this injury, severe pain syndrome, which patients often compare to the action electric current. The knee quickly swells and the skin in the area of ​​injury turns red. Moving forward, bending or straightening the knee becomes impossible. Sometimes the swelling spreads far beyond the joint, down to the lower leg and ankle.

Combined injuries

Torn cruciate ligament of the knee It is often combined when the meniscus, vascular complex, soft fabrics. If the nature of the ligament damage is quickly determined by an experienced traumatologist, severe symptoms and the circumstances of the injury, then attached pathological processes determined using radiographs, arthroscopy, CT and MRI. A severe case in medical practice counts multiple trauma when a knee fracture occurs, tendons are sprained and ligaments are torn in several places.

Emergency surgery on knee ligaments

In surgical practice, there are several methods and philosophical approaches to performing surgery on knee ligaments. The specialist selects a technique based on the nature of the injury, age, condition of the patient, and clinical indications.

Urgent surgery to repair ligaments is performed within 2-5 days after the injury. The patient is taken to the hospital with complaints of severe pain in the knee area, loss of motor function.

First aid is carried out according to the standard scheme - removing blood from the joint cavity, fixing the limb with a compression bandage. After operational diagnostics the surgeon prescribes an operation to stitch together the torn ligaments (if the examination did not reveal a meniscus tear, knee fracture or other injuries that require special preparation for radical surgery).

Promptness of assistance is of great importance, since torn ligaments quickly shorten, lose elasticity, and their ends dissolve. If the operation is not performed in the coming days after the injury, a more serious intervention will be required in the future - plastic surgery of the knee joint ligaments.

The operation is prescribed if the doctor considers it inappropriate to carry out conservative treatment. Modern diagnostics makes it possible to assess with a high degree of reliability the chances of successful treatment when using radical and conservative techniques.

Knee ligament reconstruction

Reconstruction, or plastic surgery, of the knee joint is indicated for old injuries when more than two months have passed since the damage to the articular apparatus. By this time, the ligaments shorten, partially atrophy, and completely lose their ability to stretch.

To replace the lost fragment, synthetic material or part of the tendon is used. Artificial substitutes are used in the treatment of people old age, and for young patients, plastic surgery is performed using a graft taken from the patellar tendon or semitendinosus tendon. Own biological material is called an autograft, taken from a donor - an allograft.

Standard scheme for ligament plasty

For surgery on the anterior cruciate ligament, the anterior internal approach is used, for surgery on the posterior cruciate ligament, the posterior internal approach is used. If it is necessary to restore several ligaments at the same time, an anterior internal approach is practiced. An additional incision is made in the area of ​​the knee joint, and in the area of ​​tissue extraction for the graft (according to outer surface hips).

The patient lies on his back (epidural anesthesia or general anesthesia) . Holes are drilled on the surfaces of the leg and thigh for the graft. A strip 3 cm wide and about 25 cm long is cut out of fibrous femoral tissue (fascia). The tape is pulled into the created holes and crossed over the area of ​​the ligament rupture, after which the graft and ligament are sutured with a durable biopolymer material (absorbable clamps).

The wounds are sutured layer by layer and drainage is installed. The final stage is immobilization of the limb with a plastic splint. There are other techniques for performing ligament plastic surgery - The choice of method is made by the surgeon, based on the nature and scale of the injury.

Reconstruction using the patellar ligament is more complex, but provides an excellent result (in terms of knee stability and mobility). The essence of the operation is as follows: the surgeon cuts off part of the ligament along with bone fragments, which is necessary to secure the graft tissue in the bone of the joint. Fusion of the ligament with the cancellous bone occurs within three weeks. The autograft is fixed in the bone canals using titanium or biopolymer (absorbable) screws.

Ligament repair surgery using an arthroscope

Arthroscopy is a low-traumatic operation in which the surgeon performs manipulations under the control of a special apparatus without exposing the joint. Surgical access - 2 small punctures (no more than 2 cm), through one of which a miniature optical camera is inserted, through the other - instruments. The optics provide a magnification of 40-60 times.

In complex combined operations, partial resection of the meniscus and restoration of the cruciate ligament are performed simultaneously. The most difficult moment is determining the degree of tension of the graft, which, together with the ligament, must ensure flexion, extension, and tension of the joint muscles within the atomic norm. Weak tension will lead to loosening and instability of the joint; tight fixation will lead to limited mobility of the knee.

Video: plastic surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint

Preparing for surgery

The preparation period for surgery is 2 weeks. During this time, doctors draw up a treatment plan and choose a surgical technique taking into account the patient’s age and lifestyle (most athletes plan to return to their previous activities). The patient is told in detail how the operation will take place, what actions should be taken in the first and subsequent days of his stay in the hospital so that recovery is carried out most effectively. The patient takes tests and undergoes diagnostic examination from specialists in the direction of the operating doctor.

Contraindications to knee ligament surgery

Contraindications are the same as for all other types of surgery:

A relative contraindication is the presence degenerative changes in joint tissue, atrophy of muscles and ligaments.

Complications after surgery

Complications following ACL and posterior cruciate ligament surgery are rare. Surgical treatment carried out according to a well-developed scheme, using high-tech equipment and tools, which determines impressive indicators complete rehabilitation patients, even with complicated injuries. However, the patient should be aware of the possible consequences. TO side effects The following manifestations include:

1. Pain for two days;
2. Swelling of the knee;
3. Fever, temperature (reaction to surgery);
4. Internal hemorrhages;
5. Graft rupture (very rare);
6. Infectious inflammation of bone tissue;
7. Numbness of the limb (partial loss of sensation);

To prevent the development of sepsis and the formation of blood clots after surgery, antibiotics and anticoagulants are prescribed in prophylactic doses. By following your doctor's recommendations regarding preparation for surgery and behavior after surgery, the risk of complications is minimized.

Rehabilitation

The rehabilitation program after knee ligament surgery is developed individually for each patient. Doctors schedule classes and procedures by the hour, requiring precise implementation of all points. In the first days, rest and cold on the operated area are indicated. On the third day, joint flexion-extension exercises are prescribed using an elastic band. On day 4, the leg is bent at the knee at a right angle.

Electrical stimulation and special exercise equipment are used to restore the strength of the quadriceps muscle. Walking is allowed on the fourth day with crutches, and only in an orthosis. Every week the load increases by 25%.

The second phase of rehabilitation begins in the second week after surgery. The patient is allowed to train the joint by performing squats and moving the leg to the side in a straight and bent position. If swelling and pain in the knee area increases, the load is reduced again.

The main exercises are performed on knee flexion and extension. In the third and fourth phases of recovery, training is carried out to strengthen all muscles of the limb, restoration of symmetrical load ( right-left leg). After 4 weeks, you are allowed to walk without an orthosis and crutches if the functionality of the quadriceps muscle is restored.

TO medical procedures includes massage, physiotherapy, salt baths, vitamin complexes. The massage is carried out along the movement of the lymph (from bottom to top) from the foot to the knee. The injured area is not massaged in the first weeks after surgery.

Doctors warn against exceeding loads during postoperative rehabilitation. Firstly, this can lead to rupture of the graft tissue, and secondly, it can upset the balance ligamentous apparatus. Will be required reoperation, which is not always successful.

A long period of persistent pain after surgery is a sign of infringement nerve endings, tight knee extension indicates excessive tension on the graft. It is necessary to notify the surgeon about unpleasant sensations and discomfort so that appropriate measures can be taken to eliminate them.

It is unacceptable to increase the flexion angle if this is not provided for in the rehabilitation program. Recovery from injury is different for everyone (this also applies to personal feelings and the length of rehabilitation time). The recovery period has no effect on end result, but only indicates the different capabilities of the body.

Video: early rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament injury - part 1

Video: early rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament injury - part 2

Cost of the operation

Emergency surgery is performed free of charge (if the patient is admitted by ambulance after an injury). The surgeon’s task is to carry out emergency diagnostics, remove blood from the joint cavity, suturing ligaments, or fixing the limb (plaster, plastic). Urgent help aimed at eliminating factors life-threatening and human health. In severe cases, the operation is paid.

A planned operation to reconstruct ligaments costs from 39 thousand rubles. The price depends on the chosen surgical technique, scale of injury, status of the clinic, conditions of stay (comfort). Rehabilitation is paid separately. Judging by the reviews of patients, most of whom are athletes, surgery on the knee ligaments allows you to completely restore the functionality of the joint, leading to active image life, and even play sports at a professional level.

Video: surgery for damage to the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint

1. Access dogs.
2. Dogs that, when left alone, begin to howl so loudly that neighbors call the police,
3. To all dogs whose owners don't want to hear barking.
4. The operation is complex, but it goes quite quickly and easily.

Cost of surgery to remove vocal cords

Cost of the operation 6000 rub – 9000 rub, depends on the dog’s body weight.

If you constantly argue with your neighbors, anti-barking is for you.

Operations are carried out at the River Station, in Mitino and in the Microcity in the forest.

Surgeons: Mezin A.V. and Konstantinov A.A.

What can you do to stop your dog from barking?

Frequently Asked Questions About Vocal Cord Removal Surgery

1. Is the operation itself difficult, how does the dog recover from it?

The operation is not complicated, it is done under general anesthesia, the ligaments are removed and the place is cauterized. You don't need to treat wounds.

2. Neighbors are complaining about us, they go to the local police officer, can you help us?

After surgery to remove the ligaments, the dog does not bark. The district police officer will no longer bother you.

3. Are there options not to remove the ligaments?

There are three options:

1) Behavior correction (carry out with an experienced dog handler)

2) Electric collar

4. I have a question. What does it mean to cut ligaments? And what do you mean completely deleted? Are these two different operations or just different names but the same meaning? If possible, tell us in more detail.

There are two options.

1) The ligament is like a hose; if it is cut, the dog cannot bark, and the ligament itself will not heal.

2) Second option complete removal ligaments, this is a traumatic operation. done through an incision in the throat. (we do not operate using this method)

5) Is this operation dangerous?

Like any surgical intervention, there are small risks, but with proper preparation It goes very calmly and well.