Poisoning in a 3 year old child. Food poisoning in a one-year-old child

Poisoning in children is an acute infectious or toxic lesion that occurs as a result of eating low-quality foods that contain pathogenic bacteria and toxins. The first signs of poisoning: diarrhea, vomiting, fever, intoxication and dehydration.

Thanks to timely diagnosis, it is possible to find out a presumptive epidemiological history: it is necessary to identify the pathogen in the blood, feces, vomit and food samples that the child has eaten over the past 24 hours.

Food poisoning in a child is a toxic infection, or intoxication, associated with the consumption of low-quality food, water or poisonous plants, medicines or chemicals. Poisoning with food or other products in children is one of the most common infections in childhood, which poses a fairly serious threat.

Poisoning in children is much more complicated than in an adult, and this is explained by the fact that the child’s body has not yet fully formed internal organs and functions:

low acidity of juice in the stomach;
the formation of microflora in the intestines is not complete;
toxic substances are absorbed very quickly and spread throughout the child’s body at incredible speed;
low liver detoxification and kidney filtration.

Very often, the same food will not harm an adult, but can be very dangerous for a child.

Classification of poisoning in children

The following types of poisoning often occur in children:

Infectious food poisoning caused by microbes or toxins.
Non-infectious food poisoning, most often caused by poisonous products of plant or animal origin, admixtures with poisons.

As for the clinical course of poisoning, it is divided into three stages:

Latent, often called asymptomatic, lasts from the moment the child ate the toxin or poison until the first symptoms appear. The duration of this stage depends on the age of the child and on the characteristics of his body, on the amount of toxin that enters it. This stage is considered the most favorable for treatment, when toxins have not yet entered the bloodstream and have not exerted their harmful effects. First aid in this case consists of simple gastric lavage and ingestion of enterosorbents.
Toxigenic - its period lasts from the moment the poison or toxin enters the bloodstream until the bacteria are eliminated from it. This stage is manifested by extensive symptoms of food poisoning. In this case, it is imperative to identify the toxic substance and remove it.
The convalescence stage is the restoration of all functions that were disrupted by the substance that entered the body.

Causes of poisoning

Poisoning in children can be caused by staphylococcus, Proteus, Klebsiella, strains of Escherichia coli and many other pathogens in the intestines. All of them enter the child’s body only with food products in which toxins have previously multiplied and developed. The formation of bacteria occurs in places where sanitary and hygienic standards are not observed, in places where food is stored, prepared, and sold. At the same time, the products may or may not appear to be of high quality.

Food poisoning in a child can be caused by consuming unboiled water, contaminated dairy products, eggs, confectionery products with creams, fish and seafood, sausages, and all types of meat. Homemade canned food and much more are dangerous.

Poisoning in children can occur in the form of isolated, family cases or mass outbreaks. Most often, disease outbreaks occur in the summer or early autumn. It is at this time that the most favorable conditions for the proliferation of bacteria develop.

Non-infectious poisoning is most often associated with the consumption of poisonous berries, plants and mushrooms. Toxins can also enter the body through agricultural products contaminated with chemicals. It is necessary to carefully hide all household chemicals from children so that the baby cannot taste an unfamiliar substance.

Signs of poisoning

Every person knows that the faster first aid is provided to a child who is poisoned, the easier the consequences of the disease. Therefore, it is very important to immediately recognize and understand what the symptoms indicate so as not to miss the opportunity to quickly respond to them.

If you notice that your baby is capricious, he is lethargic, looks very weak and at the same time constantly talks about abdominal pain, all this should alert any parent. If, in addition to all these symptoms, vomiting, nausea and diarrhea are added, then you should urgently sound the alarm and call a doctor. An increase in temperature is also very common.

Once in the child’s body, the microbe begins to secrete a toxin that irritates the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. All the symptoms described above are the consequences of his vigorous activity.

Therefore, if your child tries to tell you about pain or nausea, remember: these are the first signs that indicate that this is poisoning. In children, the symptoms are not always the same, depending on the body and age, one may immediately develop diarrhea, and the second may simply have a fever, but do not delay treatment, call a doctor. And at this time, try to provide first aid to your offspring, try to induce vomiting to clear the stomach.

First aid

If you discover poisoning in a child, the first thing you need to do is call a doctor, but while you are waiting for him, do not sit idly by, provide first aid:

Make sure the victim drinks more fluids.
Do not give your child any food until the vomiting and diarrhea have passed.
The baby should be completely at rest until the symptoms begin to subside.

If there is no doctor, and the symptoms, on the contrary, have become more pronounced, then try to rinse your stomach yourself. To do this, give your child a lot of boiled water, and to make the result even better, add potassium permanganate to the water. If after the child drinks the liquid, vomiting does not occur, help by pressing with a finger or a spoon on the root of the tongue. These actions will help trigger the gag reflex.

To consolidate the effect of gastric lavage, you need to give the victim “Smecta” or activated charcoal. If the child develops diarrhea after taking these medications, then warm drinks and rehydration aids will need to be given.

If your temperature suddenly rises, give an antipyretic. Don’t even think about giving antibiotics; it’s better to wait for the doctor and find out his opinion.

What to do if poisoning is detected in a 2-year-old child?

It is very difficult for those parents who discovered poisoning in their two-year-old child. At this age, the child cannot yet independently talk about what is bothering him, so several signs that the mother should pay attention to can indicate poisoning of a 2-year-old child:

drowsiness;
uncontrollable vomiting;
streaks of blood in the vomit;
dyspnea;
decreased amount of urine;
increased or decreased temperature;
dark color of urine.

All these signs should indicate to parents that their children are poisoned; the symptoms for each person, of course, will be different, but if you suddenly notice at least one of these signs, consult a doctor immediately. The age of up to three years is the most difficult, and the course of the disease is very difficult, because the body’s protective functions have not yet been formed, and the body itself cannot fight toxins; it definitely needs help.

What to give a child if poisoned? This is the main question that worries many parents.

The first thing to do is an enema with cool water and sorbent. For a one-year-old baby you need 70 ml of water, for a 2-year-old child - 150, and so for each added year increase by 100 ml. Be sure to give activated carbon, calculated at 500 mg per 1 kg of body weight. Drink a lot of boiled water and give Oralit, Regidron or Humana Electrolyte solutions.

Diagnosis of poisoning

A pediatrician or a pediatric infectious disease specialist can diagnose poisoning in children. The diagnosis is facilitated by epidemiological history; the typical picture indicates a group infection of people who have eaten the same product.

Special diagnostic tests will help to quickly isolate the pathogen from culture of stool, vomit and gastric lavage. In cases where there is even the slightest suspicion of a generalized form, a blood culture is performed.

If a massive toxicological infection is detected in a children's institution, then all employees of the institution are examined. Express methods are of auxiliary value.

Treatment of poisoning in children

We have already written above in the article what to give to a child in case of poisoning as soon as the first symptoms appear. But you also need to figure out how to treat this disease, because first aid will help alleviate the condition, but will not completely cure it.

Treatment of poisoning in a child begins with desoldering. Drinks should be given every 10 minutes; these can be glucose-saline solutions, compote, tea or 5% glucose solution.

If the baby has diarrhea, then you need to give Smecta, Polyphepan or Microsorb. If there is mucus, greens or blood in the stool, then in such cases an antibiotic is prescribed, but only this should be done by a doctor.

Mushroom poisoning

Very often, in many children, the cause of poisoning is mushrooms. In this case, every parent who knows what their child ate will be able to recognize the cause of poisoning.

If your child is breastfed, then you need to pause between feedings and start drinking boiled water. Once the condition improves, you can return to your normal feeding regimen. If your baby has a mild form, then you can get help at home. Symptoms of this form: lethargy, pain in the abdomen and head.

But if botulism is detected, immediately go to the infectious diseases hospital, because untimely assistance can lead to death. Only in a medical institution will they be able to administer anti-botulinum serum, which neutralizes the toxin.

Poisonous plants: poisoning

Very often, children, because of their ignorance, eat unknown grass or berries, and after this the child is poisoned. Vomiting is the first thing you need to induce in your child in order to remove as much toxin as possible from the body.

If you cannot induce vomiting, then try giving your child potassium permanganate. Try by any means to reduce the amount of toxin in the body. After this, go to the hospital or call a doctor at home so that he can prescribe treatment and diet.

Diet for poisoning

If suddenly, due to circumstances beyond our control, food poisoning occurs in a child, treatment - This is the main thing to do in the first minutes. But even after it, you also need to spare the child’s body for several days and keep him on a diet. After the symptoms have subsided a little, you will need to feed the baby. You shouldn’t overload it, because the body is weakened, all organs are also affected by the effects of toxins, so start feeding with light food.

So, in case of poisoning, what can a child be given to eat so that the weakened body can gain new strength. It is very good to prepare fresh chicken or vegetable broth, although any liquid food will do: porridge, vegetable and fruit dishes. Soufflés made from fish and meat will also be useful. If the child is very small, then he can be given his usual food. In order for recovery to proceed faster, and for the liver, damaged by toxins, to recover better, you need to give your child fermented milk products.

Since fermentation in the intestines will not go away immediately, it is better to give the child less carbohydrates in the first few days. And be sure to ask your doctor what foods he can eat and what he should avoid, since the diet directly depends on the severity of the poisoning and the consequences it caused.

Prevention of poisoning

Most poisonings in both children and adults are mild or moderate in severity and usually end with complete recovery. Its consequences can be various kinds of disruptions in the functioning of internal organs. So, with food poisoning, dysbiosis manifests itself in the intestines, and if poisoning occurs after a child has eaten poisonous mushrooms, then the outcome may be kidney and liver failure.

If the form of poisoning is severe, then multiple organ failure may even develop, which will require intensive care.

Prevention of poisoning depends only on the attentiveness of parents, who should buy only high-quality products from trusted places. The child should drink only boiled water, wash fruits and vegetables before eating, and wash their hands before lunch.

Try to introduce your beloved child to all the poisonous mushrooms, berries, and herbs so that he knows them. Explain that under no circumstances should you follow the lead of friends who want to persuade or argue to force you to eat poisonous berries.

It is best to prevent poisoning in a child than to later treat its consequences, which can lead to very serious complications. If it has already happened that the child has been poisoned, then it is important to sound the alarm and call a doctor, and not hope for chance. Any delay in treatment can lead to serious consequences, even death.

Food poisoning in children is common and can lead to serious complications. Parents should know its first signs and the basics of emergency care. This article discusses in detail the causes and signs of food poisoning in children, rules for providing first aid to a child, and the basics of treatment. Here you will also find information about the symptoms and treatment of poisoning in infants.

Features of the child's digestive system

According to statistics, more than 70% of all poisonings occur in children. Children are more prone to poisoning than adults. This is explained by the developmental features of their body, such as:

A completely unformed immune system. Immunity completes its development before the age of 3, and before this age the child is more susceptible to infectious diseases.
Inferior intestinal microflora. A child is born with a sterile intestine, which, as the baby grows and develops, is gradually populated with beneficial and necessary bacteria. A one-year-old baby does not yet have half of the bacteria necessary for digestion and protection.
Increased blood supply to the gastric mucosa, through which poisons and toxins are absorbed faster than in adults.
The inability of the child’s kidneys and liver to cope with toxins, poisons, and quickly remove them from the body. These organs begin to fully function at 2-3 years of age.
Reduced production of hydrochloric acid. In adults, the stomach is acidic due to the production of hydrochloric acid by parietal cells. This acid neutralizes and destroys toxins and pathogenic bacteria that come with food. At 2 years old, the child begins to fully produce gastric juice.

Main causes and factors of intoxication

Child poisoning develops as a result of eating spoiled or bacteria-contaminated food, or toxic toxic substances.

The following are the main causes that can cause childhood poisoning:

Failure to comply with basic hygiene. The chance of becoming infected with intestinal bacteria through dirty hands is very high. Children especially love to lick their fingers.
Eating spoiled, low-quality and contaminated food. Most often, child poisoning is caused by meat, eggs, dairy products, cakes with protein cream, and fish.
Poisoning in a kindergarten or nursery. As a rule, it is widespread, and all children who ate together get sick.
Accidental ingestion of toxic household substances or poisons by a child. These can be detergents, acids, alkalis.

Main symptoms of the disease

Poisoning in children clinically manifests itself during the first 24 hours. The rate at which symptoms increase depends on the substance or microorganism that poisoned the baby. Thus, when eating poisons, household chemicals, acids and alkalis, the child’s condition is disturbed instantly, and when eating stale foods, signs of poisoning may appear only after 20-36 hours.

Please note that if a child is poisoned, vomiting and diarrhea lead to rapid dehydration. In order to navigate the amount of fluid lost by the body, you should remember the number of episodes of vomiting and loose stools, and report this data to your doctor.

The table below summarizes the main symptoms of poisoning:

Name of symptom, sign	How it manifests itself
Nausea, vomiting	At first, the vomit contains food debris, then it may consist of gastric juice and bile. Vomiting brings temporary relief.
Intoxication	The temperature can rise to 38-39.5 degrees. If a child has been poisoned by poisons or chemicals, it may be within normal limits. The child develops headache, drowsiness, and sleep disturbances. The baby becomes capricious and restless.
Stool disorders	At first the chair becomes less formed. Then it may have a watery consistency, change color, and smell.
Flatulence	Manifested by increased gas formation and bloating.
Pain syndrome	The pain can be localized in the stomach area, or spread throughout the entire abdomen. It is difficult for children to accurately indicate the place that hurts, and they simply point to their tummy with their pen and grab it.

Possible complications

Any poisoning, if not treated correctly, can lead to serious consequences. In children, complications develop much faster than in adults.

Possible complications of poisoning in children include:

Acetone syndrome, which develops in children against the background of profuse vomiting. The level of ketone bodies in the blood increases. A characteristic sign of this condition is the smell of acetone from the patient’s mouth. With this syndrome, frequent profuse vomiting is observed, which leads to dehydration and disruption of the electrolyte composition of the blood.
Dehydration. In this condition, the baby becomes lethargic, pale, the skin loses its tone, and the eyes look sunken.
Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. Manifested by girdle pain in the abdomen, flatulence, and dyspeptic disorders.
Acute gastritis - develops as a result of eating acids, alkalis, poisons and chemicals.

First Aid Basics

If a child is poisoned, first aid is provided by the parents or other adults who are with him at the time the first symptoms of the disease appear. The first thing to do is call an ambulance. While the doctors are on their way to you, you need to try to empty your baby’s stomach and rinse his intestines.

In case of poisoning with acids and alkalis, it is forbidden to wash the child’s stomach yourself! Flushing should be carried out through a tube by physicians

First aid for child poisoning consists of the following components:

If the child is over 3 years old, the stomach must first be cleared of any leftover food. To do this, let your baby drink one gulp of plain still water. The more he can drink, the better. Then you need to immediately induce vomiting. This procedure can be repeated several times. For toddlers up to 3 years old, gastric lavage is carried out under medical supervision.
Colon cleansing. Give your baby an enema. Use boiled water at room neutral temperature for this. Do not add any medications to the enema. You need to do an enema until clean rinsing water appears.
Drink plenty of fluids. To prevent dehydration, your baby needs to be given a little water and often. If he feels nauseous, give him 1 teaspoon of liquid every 5 minutes. It is best to drink alkaline mineral water without carbon, weak sweet black tea.
Sorbents. Sorbents are drugs that bind and remove toxins and bacteria from the intestines. You can use Activated carbon, smecta, Enterosgel, Atoxil, Sorbex, Smecta. Carefully read the dosage rules for these drugs in the instructions for them.

Arriving ambulance doctors examine and collect anamnesis. Parents should describe in detail the symptoms their child had, the amount of vomiting, and diarrhea. Also, you need to remember what the baby ate over the past 24 hours.

If necessary, doctors will lavage the stomach and intestines and administer medications. If the baby’s condition is serious, his vomiting and diarrhea do not stop, he must be hospitalized in the infectious diseases department. In case of poisoning by chemicals or poisons, treatment is carried out in toxicology, or in the intensive care ward.

If the vomiting stops and the little patient feels well, treatment at home is possible. Therapy should be prescribed by a local pediatrician. It is prohibited to give your baby any medications on your own. Poisoning can only be cured quickly with the help of a doctor.

Treatment for poisoning consists of diet, drinking regimen and drug therapy. All these components are necessary.

Nutritional Features

In case of poisoning, a child must follow a diet. Dietary nutrition is necessary to relieve the digestive system. Feeding a poisoned baby must begin on the first day. Fasting will harm him.

You need to eat in small portions and often. Breaks between meals should not exceed 3 hours. You should eat little by little even if you have no appetite.

On the first day you can eat thin rice porridge, biscuits and dried white bread. On the second day, the diet is expanded with the following products:

boiled chicken fillet;
steam omelette;
baked apples;
vegetable broth.

Then, for the next 7 days, you can eat almost all foods, provided that they are cooked in a double boiler or boiled. Fried, fatty, smoked foods are prohibited.

Drinking regime

Drinking plenty of fluids is necessary to restore the body's lost water reserves. You need to start feeding your baby in the first hours after the symptoms of the disease appear.

Please note that you cannot give your child anything to drink due to his constant vomiting; he needs intravenous administration of solutions to replenish the water and electrolyte balance in a hospital setting.

For drinking, you can use special medicinal preparations, for example, Regidron. This is an analogue of saline solution, with which you can replenish the body’s losses in fluid and microelements. It is sold in powder form, packaged in portioned sachets. 1 sachet is diluted with 1 liter of boiled water.

Also, your baby can be given mineral still water and sweet black tea to drink. On the second day, you can add lemon to your tea.

The volume of liquid that needs to be drunk is calculated by the attending physician. It depends on the baby’s weight and the volume of fluid lost.

Drug therapy

Medicines are prescribed to eliminate symptoms, relieve intoxication and combat infectious agents. Carefully monitor your baby's condition during therapy; if he develops an allergic rash, stop taking them and notify your doctor.

In case of poisoning, the following groups of drugs can be used:

Enterosorbents (Smecta, Activated carbon, Sorbex) are given separately from other medications.
Antispasmodics – help relieve pain and intestinal colic. Medicines: Nosh-pa, Duspatalin.
Antibiotics – indicated for intestinal infections. Accepted for at least 5-7 days.
Enzymes help digest food and allow the pancreas to recover. Preparations: Medim, Creon.

Remember that all medications and their dosage are prescribed by your doctor. Treating a child based on the advice of neighbors, girlfriends or articles on the Internet is prohibited.

Prevention of poisoning

The importance of preventing poisoning in children is very high. This pathological condition is much easier to prevent than to treat.

Teach your child to wash their hands with soap before each meal and after returning from the street. It is very important to dry your hands. For children, it is better to use disposable paper towels, as terry ones can be a source of bacteria.
Prepare food for your baby yourself, do not buy ready-made meals in stores. Buy meat, eggs and dairy products only from certified points of sale, try to avoid spontaneous markets.
Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before serving them to your child.
Do not give your child foods that you yourself are not sure are safe.

Children are more susceptible to poisoning than adults. This is due to the characteristics of their food and immune systems. When the first signs of food poisoning develop, you should call emergency medical help. Treatment for poisoning can be done at home or in a hospital. The child requires bed rest and diet. All medications must be prescribed by a doctor. Do not self-medicate your child.

Children often suffer from gastrointestinal disorders. The task of parents is to promptly recognize food poisoning in a child, its symptoms and treatment. To do this, you need to know what can poison your baby, what signs appear first, and what needs to be done before the doctor arrives.

What can cause food poisoning

The most common cause of poisoning in a child is expired food. If food begins to spoil, it produces toxins that are hazardous to health. At the same time, as a rule, the expiration dates of the products have not yet expired, because no mother will knowingly buy an expired product. It's all about improper storage, without observing the required temperature conditions. Therefore, most food poisoning occurs in the summer.

Sometimes a child may eat a product that is poisonous. These can be mushrooms, plants, berries or household chemicals. In addition, food poisoning in children can be a consequence of incorrect dosage of medications.

Food poisoning can occur as a result of improper preparation of certain products. As a rule, this is food of animal origin that contains staphylococcus.

Eating raw fruits and vegetables can cause food poisoning if proper precautions are not taken. In this case, the nitrates on which these products were grown are to blame.

Many people say that you can be poisoned by unwashed fruits or vegetables, since various bacteria live on their surface. This is not entirely true. Of course, in order to avoid health problems, it is necessary to wash all fruits, but such a violation is an intestinal infection, not poisoning.

List of “dangerous” products:

seafood and fish;
dairy products;
raw eggs;
meat dishes that have not undergone sufficient heat treatment;
salad greens and root vegetables;
cream in confectionery products.

How is poisoning different from an intestinal infection?

It is important to be able to distinguish between these 2 ailments. After all, if a baby is poisoned by food, he can be treated at home under the supervision of a pediatrician; hospitalization is required only in the most severe cases. But if a child has an intestinal infection, treatment is possible only in a hospital. What is the difference?

So, if a child is poisoned, the first signs appear within 48 hours, no more. In the case of an intestinal infection, from the moment of infection to the appearance of the first symptoms, it can take from 1 to 30 days, or even more.

Symptoms of food poisoning in children appear suddenly and disappear very quickly. The onset of infection rarely lasts less than 7 days.

The main symptom of an intestinal infection is a high body temperature that lasts for several days. If the temperature passed quickly and did not exceed 38°C, then this is food poisoning.

Symptoms of the disorder

How quickly signs of food poisoning appear in children depends on the type and amount of toxin and the child's metabolic rate. By the way, by the speed at which symptoms appear, you can determine which organ responded to the toxin.

If it is the stomach, vomiting will appear 30 minutes after poisoning. The intestines react within 4-6 hours. It takes a little longer for the toxin to reach the liver and pancreas (up to 48 hours).

Nausea is a natural reaction of the body; after exposure to a toxin, the child soon begins to vomit. Thus, the body tries to cleanse itself.

Various pain sensations arise from the intestines. Most often these are cramps or cramps in the lower abdomen, rumbling and bloating are observed.

Diarrhea is another way to cleanse the body of toxins. It appears in case of intestinal irritation. Diarrhea can be one-time or repeated. However, according to pediatricians, most often in cases of poisoning, children experience vomiting without diarrhea.

The child’s general well-being is disrupted, he becomes lethargic and sleepy, refuses food and complains of a headache. In case of dehydration, symptoms such as:

pale and dry skin;
convulsions;
a sharp decrease in blood pressure;
acidosis.

This condition is very dangerous and can be fatal, so you need to urgently call an ambulance and go to the hospital, where the child will be given a drip,

Of course, serious dehydration occurs when you lose fluid 10-12 times a day. But after the third attack of vomiting or diarrhea, the child needs help in restoring the water and electrolyte balance. In this case, special solutions will help.

General intoxication leads to an increase in body temperature. As a rule, it does not exceed 38°C. But in children under 5 years of age, body temperature can reach 39.5°C.

First aid for poisoning

What to do if your child shows symptoms of food poisoning? First of all, call a pediatrician. If the doctor is not able to examine the child in the next few hours (late evening or weekend), you need to call an ambulance. In case of mild poisoning, they will not be hospitalized, but they will be able to prescribe adequate treatment.

Before the doctor arrives, the child needs to be given a sorbent. In case of vomiting, to avoid a bad reaction, the drug is diluted in water and given to the child in small portions every 5-10 minutes.

You can do gastric lavage, but only if the child is over 6 years old. You need to take warm water 10 ml/kg body weight and dissolve 2-3 crystals of potassium permanganate in it. After the solution has cooled, the child needs to drink it completely, followed by vomiting and cleansing of the stomach. This method is effective if symptoms appear 30-60 minutes after consuming the toxin and it is still in the stomach.

You can cleanse the intestines with an enema. It is necessary to take an age-specific dose of sorbent (activated carbon, Smecta), dissolve it in water and give a cool enema. Its volume depends on the age of the patient:

1-2 years - 70 ml;
2-3 years - 140 ml;
3-4 years - 200 ml;
over 4 years 250-300 ml.

In case of poisoning, the child must fast for the first 24 hours. This is very difficult for mom, but you need to remember that if you put stress on your stomach, all the acute symptoms will return. In addition, it is advisable that the baby observe bed rest.

Treatment of food poisoning

How to treat poisoning? After all, all of the above will only help alleviate the child’s condition, but will not eliminate the main cause.

Treatment requires drug therapy, which can only be prescribed by a doctor. As a rule, it consists of taking medications such as:

sorbents;
probiotics;
products containing enzymes;
antibiotics;
electrolyte solutions.

As mentioned above, sorbents are the first medicine that should be given to a patient with food poisoning. The drug can be absolutely anything, the main thing is to determine the required age dose. Sorbents bind toxins and remove them from the body without harm to health, so the sooner the child starts drinking them, the fewer toxins will enter the bloodstream.

Special solutions will help restore the fluid level; they can be purchased at any pharmacy. The most popular solution is Regidron; it must be diluted in boiled water and given to the child several times a day, as well as after each attack of vomiting or diarrhea. If you give the entire portion at once, the taken solution may provoke another attack of vomiting.

If it is not possible to purchase a solution, children often get poisoned on vacation, you can prepare its analogue. The product is slightly less effective, but its components are always at hand. Required:

1 liter of cold boiled water;
1 tsp. salt;
1 tsp. soda;
2 tbsp. l. Sahara.

This solution can also be given in case of fever due to infectious diseases.

After the symptoms go away, it is necessary to restore the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. This will require probiotics (Linex, Yogurt) and preparations containing enzymes, for example Creon (to improve digestion). They will restore the intestinal microflora, reduce pain symptoms, and speed up recovery. They are used both for the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal disorders.

Only a doctor can decide whether a child needs antibiotics. Antibiotics are prescribed in case of intestinal infection.

If a child is poisoned, it is advisable to stop vomiting if it recurs. This will prevent dehydration. As a rule, pediatricians recommend the drug Domrid. But you can take it only after consulting a doctor.

Antidiarrheal medications will help relieve severe diarrhea. 1 tablet of Loperamide will significantly improve the child’s condition. Also suitable are drugs such as Enterofuril or Nifuroxazide. But we must remember that uncontrolled use of antidiarrheal medications will do more harm than good.

ethnoscience

You can speed up your recovery if you supplement treatment at home with traditional medicine recipes, but only with the permission of your doctor. The most common of them is a decoction of rice or oatmeal.

Rice water combats both diarrhea and vomiting. You will need 1 part rice and 5 parts hot water. The cereal needs to be poured and put on fire, after boiling the product is boiled for 2-5 minutes, filtered and taken several times a day.

To prepare a decoction of oatmeal, you need 2 tbsp. l. Pour hot water over the flakes and cook for at least 5 minutes. Take the medicine in the same way as rice water.

A medicinal decoction of chamomile and marigold, 1 tsp, will also help. mixture of herbs per 1 liter of water.

For poisoning with meat or fish, an effective remedy is cinnamon tea; add 2-3 sticks of bark to water and bring to a boil. After 5 minutes, remove the product from the heat and filter. Take 1 glass twice a day.

Alteyka helps not only with coughs. In case of food poisoning, 2 tsp is needed. pour 1 cup of boiling water over the root and leave for 30 minutes. Take the product 1 tsp. 4 times a day, you can add a little honey.

Diet for food poisoning

As a result of the ingress of toxins, the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines becomes inflamed, and the pancreas and liver are subjected to severe stress. Therefore, nutrition should be as gentle as possible.

On the first day after poisoning, you must completely abstain from food. The child can only drink. The exception is children under one year old; they need food within 3-4 hours after the acute symptoms disappear. But you can only give breast milk (if the mother did not consume a toxic product) or an adapted milk formula.

Important! A day after the condition has returned to normal, the child should eat. When fasting for more than 2 days, the only possible option is hospitalization and artificial feeding through a tube.

Diet rules after food poisoning:

all food must be ground;
you need to eat in small portions;
eating 5-6 times a day;
food should be boiled, stewed or steamed.

In cases of mild poisoning, the baby may feel great already on day 2, but the diet must be followed for at least 5-7 days.

What to give a child if poisoned? For children over one year old, porridge cooked in water is suitable; it is better to give preference to rice, oatmeal or buckwheat. You can offer mashed potatoes without butter and milk, as well as puree soup with water. Broths should be excluded for the entire duration of the diet.

On the third day, you can offer your child some cottage cheese or low-fat kefir, baked apples, and sweet crackers. The main thing is not to overdo it.

Meat dishes are allowed for the baby no earlier than the 4th day. Rabbit, turkey and lean fish are suitable.

After poisoning, it is prohibited to eat foods such as:

smoked, pickled and spicy;
juices, raw vegetables and fruits;
fatty or fried;
canned food;
sweets;
fresh bakery.

During the recovery period of the gastrointestinal tract, food should be mainly vegetarian, since animal products are much more difficult to digest.

Regardless of age, children can develop digestive disorders. In childhood, such disorders are not something exceptional and occur even when taking a common product. This is due to the fact that the child’s immune system does not yet know how to cope with all irritating factors. It is useful for parents to know how to treat poisoning in children at home.

Important! Those foods that an adult’s stomach treats completely calmly can cause severe poisoning in a child. If signs of this condition appear, treatment measures should be taken immediately.

Symptoms

We can talk about treating poisoning at home in situations where it manifests itself in its mild form. But, if the child is under five years old, then even with mild diarrhea you should consult a doctor. Often poisoning leads to dehydration of the child’s body, and this poses a serious danger.

In what situations is it necessary to consult a doctor:

diarrhea does not go away for two days;
Frequent stools are accompanied by vomiting. The vomit contains bile and blood;
against the background of diarrhea, the child becomes very dizzy, perspires, and is pale;
frequent and intermittent breathing, rapid heartbeat;
sharp and severe pain in the abdomen;
there are impurities of blood and mucus in the stool;
the child is so weak that he cannot stand or sit independently;
muscle spasms of the limbs occur;
vision is impaired, spots appear before the eyes.

Important! Already half an hour after eating, the first signs of poisoning appear. In rare cases, they are delayed and occur within two hours. If symptoms appear later, then we are not talking about food poisoning, but about bacterial or infectious poisoning.

Food poisoning in a child - Dr. Komarovsky (video)

The famous doctor Komarovsky advises that if you have symptoms of food poisoning, you should consult a doctor:

at elevated temperatures;
signs of food poisoning do not go away within 24 hours;
the child is less than 3 years old and the whole family is poisoned.

If less than half an hour has passed after taking an unsuitable product, you need to induce vomiting; if that doesn’t work, then drink activated charcoal. Do not let the child eat, but at the same time drink more water. Give the child Regidron solution. For fever, give Paracetamol, Nurofen, Panadol.

First aid

The child must be put to bed and given plenty of water with the addition of a small amount of lemon juice. You can also drink weak tea with honey or sugar, or non-carbonated mineral water. A lot of fluid is needed to prevent dehydration.

Important! You need to try to keep the temperature of the drink close to body temperature. This way the liquid is absorbed faster into the gastrointestinal tract.

Call a doctor if the poisoning is severe or the child is under five years old. While you wait for the doctor, you can take activated charcoal. One tablet is calculated per 10 kg of weight. If you experience pain, you can massage your stomach above the navel.

Medicines for poisoning

The main tablets for poisoning are activated carbon. It is necessary to give 1 tablet per 10 kg of the child’s weight. There can be no overdose from coal. Therefore, if you gave required amount coal, and the child vomited it, you can give them again.

It is necessary to restore the intestinal microflora:

Linex, Yogurt, Acipol and other drugs containing lactobacilli and bifidumbacterin.
Festal, Mezim promotes the breakdown of proteins and fats in the body.
Relieves spasms in case of No-shpa poisoning.

Important! Provide first aid, but do not self-medicate, call an ambulance.

Decoctions for soldering

What herbal decoctions will help:

chamomile;
Dill seeds;
Oak bark;
infusion of marshmallow roots;

Important! To prepare any type of decoction, you need to pour a tablespoon of raw material into a glass of boiling water, let it brew and cool slightly. You can add a little honey to improve the taste.

Ginger tea

Add a glass of boiling water to a tablespoon of ginger powder (or grated root). Leave until the tea is warm, add a small spoon of honey. Drink a tablespoon every hour.

If you have digestive problems, there is no need to force your child to eat. A restorative diet makes an important contribution to how to treat poisoning in children at home.

Effective folk recipes

Cinnamon tincture

Cinnamon helps relieve spasms, being a natural sorbent. You need to pour boiling water over half a teaspoon of cinnamon powder and stir. Leave for a quarter of an hour, then strain. Take warm in small sips. During the day you need to drink one and a half liters of tincture.

Dill with honey

This decoction will quickly remove toxins and alleviate vomiting, even to the point of complete relief. Honey will help preserve potassium, which is actively removed from the body during diarrhea. You need to pour a teaspoon of dill seeds into 400 ml of boiling water. Leave for a few minutes, boil for two minutes, add a small spoon of honey. Drink warm in the amount of a liter per day.

Lemon juice

Squeeze the juice from three lemons, dilute with water, add sugar or honey to taste. Drink in one gulp to stop the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. But this method of treatment is not suitable for increased stomach acidity and gastrointestinal diseases.

What will help in preventing food poisoning in children:

Teach your child to wash their hands before any meal.
Do not give your child unprocessed food.
Children should not eat raw eggs, soft-boiled eggs or fried eggs.
View and check expiration dates of products.
Opened dairy products must not be stored for more than a day, even in the refrigerator.
Do not store fish and meat with other products. The refrigerator should have separate shelves for animal food.
Wash fruits with soap and running water.
Drink only bottled water.
Do not store food in the room: hide all leftover food in the refrigerator.
Even sweets must be fresh.

Other poisonings in children

Separately, it is worth mentioning the poisoning of children with naphthyzine due to the fact that parents quite often use it to treat runny noses in children.

Symptoms of naphthysine poisoning

The first symptoms of an overdose are:

weak state, lethargy, loss of strength, moodiness;
headaches, pain and abdominal cramps;
nausea, vomiting, temperature below 36.6;
weak heartbeat, low blood pressure;
loss of appetite, constant desire to sleep;
the pupils become slightly smaller;
pallor, changes in the skin (wet, cold skin).

All symptoms should be carefully monitored and first aid provided.

Naphthyzine poisoning - treatment

The first and second degrees of poisoning do not require emergency care. In the third degree, it is necessary to call a medical team urgently. At the first signs of poisoning, you must:

make sure that the child does not lose consciousness;
give more water (boiled);
monitor breathing and heart rate;
cover the child with a warm blanket;
control pulsation.

In case of poisoning with this drug, an antidote is administered intravenously. This is an antidote, the effect of which depends on the exact identification of the substance (which became the cause) and how quickly help is provided. Only a doctor has the right to give it. Call an ambulance. The wrong dose of the drug is fatal for a child. Calculate the dose depending on body weight.

Consequences of poisoning

An overdose of Naphthyzine leads to serious consequences if the symptoms that appear are not responded to in time. Cases of destruction of the central nervous system and coma have been recorded. Frequent cases of side effects: poisoning. Do not leave the drug in a place accessible to children. Do not exceed the dose, the drug is addictive.

Gasoline poisoning in children

First of all, the child needs oxygen, take him outside or open all the windows and doors in the room. Injections are given with Cititon, Cordiamin, and 5% glucose solution. It is necessary to do gastric lavage. It is recommended to take laxatives and give an enema.

Phenazepam poisoning

Phenazepam is contraindicated for use in children under 18 years of age. Of phenazepam poisoning, 20% of cases were recorded. The consequences of taking it lead to deafness, hallucinations, lethargy, disorientation in space, coma. If a child is poisoned by phenazepam, he must be given 3 liters of water and activated charcoal to drink, monitor his breathing, blood pressure, and ensure that he does not swallow his tongue.

These are the main options and first methods of treating poisoning in a child at home. For young children, even in case of mild poisoning, you should always call a doctor. Regardless of age, be able to provide competent first aid to a child.

Food poisoning (toxicoinfection) is an acute toxic or infectious damage to the body that occurs after eating low-quality foods. It is characterized by a complex of pathological symptoms (diarrhea, intoxication, vomiting, dehydration).

Children are poisoned more often than adults. The child’s body is not yet strong, so it can hardly resist external “aggressors” that cause intoxication. In addition, children, in the absence of adult supervision, rarely adhere to the rules of hygiene, especially at a younger age.

Causes

Clinical manifestations

Asymptomatic

Toxigenic period

Convalescence stage

First aid for a child at home

Treatment at home

Fighting dehydration

Sorbents

Probiotics

What not to do

Drinking regime and diet

Prevention measures

A low-quality product is an ordinary food product that has become dangerous to eat due to certain reasons.

It can be:

When the juice expires, when decomposition and rotting processes occur in food, dangerous toxins accumulate in it.
Ingress of bacterial toxins into a fresh product (for example, if the cream preparation technology is violated).
Contamination of food with pathogenic organisms (unwashed fruits, egg shells).

Food poisoning in a child caused by poor-quality products is classified as infectious.

Products that can most often poison children:

exotic vegetables and fruits;
kernels of peaches and apricots (they contain hydrocyanic acid);
mushrooms;
smoked meats;
canned food;
eggs;
milk;
confectionery with cream.

Bacteria multiply in places where sanitary and hygienic standards are not observed (where food is stored, prepared or sold). Poisonings can be either isolated or widespread. Food poisoning outbreaks typically occur in the summer and early fall. During this period, the most favorable conditions for the activation of pathogenic bacteria.

In addition to food poisoning, children can be poisoned by poisonous plants, medicines, and chemical poisons that get into food. These are non-infectious poisonings.

Find out more about ways to correct dysgraphia in younger schoolchildren.

Read the instructions for using Vibrocil nasal drops on this page.

Features of toxic infection in children

The child's body is not yet sufficiently formed. Therefore, his organs and systems react to food poisoning more severely than in adults. The same product can cause only a slight upset in an adult, but severe intoxication in a child.

Why do children have a hard time with poisoning? Causes:

The liver does not have a system of enzymes that bind and remove toxins.
The acidity of gastric secretions is reduced, which reduces the barrier to pathogenic organisms.
The normal protective intestinal microflora is not formed (children often suffer from dysbiosis).
The kidneys have low filtration capacity.

All these features contribute to the fact that children are exposed to poisoning more often, and their course is more severe than in adults. The first symptoms indicating poisoning should be a reason to consult a doctor.

Clinical manifestations

The course of poisoning in a child’s body occurs in several stages. Classification of food poisoning:

Asymptomatic

This is the time from the penetration of low-quality food into the body until the first visible symptoms of poisoning. This period can last from 30 minutes to 1 day. It all depends on the amount of food consumed, the age of the baby and his health, and the type of pathogen. The child may not be bothered by anything, but appears:

feeling of weakness;
malaise;
increased sweating.

Toxigenic period

After a certain amount of toxin penetrates into the blood, the first symptoms of poisoning appear. The duration of the toxicogenic stage depends on how the body reacts to the poison and on the timely assistance provided to the child. Usually it is 5-6 days.

Symptoms of food poisoning:

damage to the intestinal and gastric mucosa;
intoxication;
dehydration;
nausea;
drowsiness;
refusal to eat;
temperature increase;
severe abdominal pain.

Note! To quickly remove toxins, the body undergoes a protective reaction in the form of diarrhea and vomiting. If vomiting continues more than 3 times, it is urgent to restore the water and electrolyte balance.

When fluid is lost, symptoms of dehydration appear:

dry skin;
pallor;
sharpness of facial features;
convulsions;
decrease in pressure;
acidosis.

Convalescence stage

Restoration of body functions that were impaired due to exposure to a toxic substance. In general, the symptoms of poisoning subside after 1-3 days. Lack of appetite, pain in the stomach, and broken stools persist for some time.

First aid for a child at home

Self-medication of a child under 1 year is not allowed. Children under 3 years of age necessarily require hospitalization. They cannot rinse their stomach at home; first of all, they need to call an ambulance.

Urgent measures at the first signs of toxic infection:

Provide the child with complete rest.
Before the ambulance arrives, place him on his side, making sure that vomit does not enter the respiratory tract.
Do not give any food until the vomiting stops.
Rinse the stomach while giving the child something to drink (1 liter of warm water, you can add 1 teaspoon of soda). Children under 5 years old should not wash their stomach this way!
After drinking, induce vomiting by pressing your finger on the root of the tongue.
Give the child a sorbent (Smecta, Enterosgel)

Treatment at home

At home, you can fight poisoning only in cases of mild intoxication in children over 3 years of age.

Fighting dehydration

To replenish the loss of fluid that comes out along with toxins, you can give your child electrolyte solutions (Regidron). Give 1-2 spoons every 10 minutes. If not finished drugs, you can prepare the solution yourself. For 1 liter of boiled water, take 2 tablespoons of sugar, 1 teaspoon of salt, 1 teaspoon of soda. The main rule is frequent, fractional drinking.

Sorbents

Thanks to sorbents, toxins are bound and removed from the body. The sooner they are taken, the higher the chance that toxins will not enter the bloodstream.

Children can take:

Polysorb;
Smecta;
Activated carbon;
Enterosgel.

If the sorbent is produced in the form of tablets, it is better to crush it and dilute it with a small amount of water. All medications must be taken with strict adherence to the dosage according to the baby’s age.

Probiotics

When the vomiting stops, the child can be given medications that restore intestinal microflora. They help speed up recovery and reduce the severity of symptoms.

Probiotics for children:

Linux;
Bifiform;
Acipol;
Portolac.

Find out more about the symptoms and treatment of roseola in children.

The rules for taking Duphalac laxative for children are described in this article.

At the address, read the instructions for using the breast elixir for children.

What not to do

Prohibited actions:

independently treat a child under 3 years of age;
give antiemetics and antidiarrheals (this is the body’s protective reaction to the effects of toxins);
take antibiotics without a doctor’s recommendation (they can be prescribed if an intestinal infection is detected);
Since many sorbents cannot be taken for peptic ulcers and stomach bleeding, you must first discuss their use with your doctor.

Drinking regime and diet

The main thing in case of toxic infection is to replenish fluid loss, and give your child plenty to drink. It can be:

still water;
weak tea;
rice broth;
rosehip decoction;
ready-made electrolyte solutions.

For every kilogram of weight, the child should receive 150-200 ml of liquid. This balance must be maintained until vomiting and diarrhea disappear completely.

In case of poisoning, it is very important to stick to your diet. The first 4-6 hours should not give the child any food. After this, switch to a gentle diet. Food should be pureed and liquid, and portions should be small. Number of meals – 7-8 per day. In the first days you need to give up fresh bread and milk, and a minimum of fat.

What you can use:

porridge with water;
crackers;
vegetable broth;
puree soups;
pureed boiled meat;
dairy products.

This regime should be followed for 2-3 weeks. Avoid eating spices, raw fruits and vegetables, fatty, fried foods, juices, and sweets.

Prevention measures

Usually, a child can get food poisoning if adults neglect basic hygiene requirements. Following the rules for preventing food poisoning can help protect your child from getting toxic substances into his or her body:

teach your child to wash their hands more often (after going outside, using the toilet, before eating);
The food preparation and storage area must be kept clean;
after touching raw meat, fish, eggs, you need to wash your hands with soap;
wash raw vegetables and fruits thoroughly;
cook meat and fish until fully cooked;
do not give your child food with blood (medium steak);
do not eat swollen and cloudy canned food;
look at the expiration date of products;
if there are pustules and wounds on the hands, cook food with gloves;
Do not leave food open on the table.

Anyone can get food poisoning. Children most often can become poisoned through the carelessness of adults and their failure to comply with basic hygiene. You need to carefully monitor what the child eats, whether his hands are clean, and how high-quality and fresh the food is. The health of children is in our hands.

Video about first aid for a child with food poisoning:

Intoxication of the body in a child: symptoms and treatment

What is intoxication and what are its signs in a child? This question worries all parents without exception. This concept in Russian is considered as narrower in relation to the word “poisoning”, although in its meaning it is intoxication.

Intoxication of the body in a child: symptoms and treatment
State Definition
Causes
Routes of penetration of toxins
Signs
Diagnosis and treatment
Intoxication of the body in a child
Food poisoning in a child
Food poisoning in a child
Classification of food poisoning in children
Causes of food poisoning in children
Symptoms of food poisoning in a child
Diagnosis of food poisoning in a child
Treatment of food poisoning in a child
Prognosis and prevention of food poisoning in children
Intoxication in a child
Types and symptoms
Acute
Chronic
Tuberculosis
Treatment
Intoxication - symptoms and treatment of poisoning in a child
What is the danger of intoxication in a baby?
What types of intoxication occur in children?
How harmful microbes enter a child's body
What symptoms does a baby have when intoxicated?
Treatment of intoxication in young children
Intoxication syndrome: signs and symptoms of intoxication
Symptoms and signs of viral intoxication
Causes of intoxication
Complicated passage of intoxication of the body
How to detoxify the body at home?
Mode
Diet
Drinking regime
Drug treatment for intoxication
How to return to normal life?

State Definition

Intoxication is usually called a disruption of the vital functions of a living organism due to the entry of endo- or exotoxins into the tissues. The term is used in medicine and pharmacological practice.

Intoxication can be:

Hyperacute intoxication is lethal without assistance. The death of the patient occurs within a few hours. Its characteristic feature is damage to the central nervous system - convulsions, incoordination. The acute form is accompanied by severe symptoms. It develops as a result of a single and short-term exposure to the toxin. Subacute has a less pronounced clinical picture than the previous one and occurs as a result of several repeated episodes of poisoning. The chronic course of the process is mildly symptomatic. Occurs under the influence of repeated or constant exposure to toxins.

Causes

There are many factors contributing to intoxication processes. These can be toxic substances, medications, waste products of pathogenic microbes and even opportunistic bacteria. Acute poisoning is caused by different groups of substances, the main ones are:

Carbon monoxide.
Medications.
Mushrooms.
Substances containing alcohol, including surrogates.
Liquids that have a cauterizing effect.

Intoxication involves poisoning from stale foods contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, various chemicals, and salts of heavy metals.

Acute microbial infections that affect various organs and systems are also accompanied by intoxication phenomena. Certain signs of intoxication can provoke:

Helminthiases.
Diseases of the hepatobiliary system and kidneys.
Oncological diseases.
ENT pathologies (tonsillitis, adenoiditis, acute respiratory infections).
Dental diseases (dental caries).
Rheumatism in latent form and many others.

In children, quite often the first manifestation of a sore throat or flu is a gastrointestinal disorder. But most often the intoxication process accompanies ordinary food poisoning and intestinal infections caused by opportunistic microflora. As children grow their teeth, they actively insert their fingers (often dirty) into their mouths and chew on contaminated toys. Thus, bacteria enter their body, causing abdominal symptoms.

Intoxication caused by salmonella and staphylococcus is dangerous for young children. It is these poisonings that most often occur in young patients. Salmonellosis in children can be fatal. Therefore, proper processing and storage of both products and semi-finished products, as well as ready-made dishes, are very important.

There is so-called tuberculosis intoxication. It accompanies the first contact of the body with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and there are no pronounced tuberculosis foci. More common in children.

Routes of penetration of toxins

Exogenous toxic substances can enter the body of a child and an adult:

Through the skin.
When inhaling toxic and aggressive substances.

Depending on the route of penetration, specific symptoms may appear, for example, skin itching, erythema, blisters and other skin reactions when the toxin gets into the surface tissue. When toxic irritants are inhaled, children and adults exhibit respiratory symptoms (coughing, wheezing, bronchospasm).

Signs

Intoxication in a child is clinically not much different from the condition in an adult, but children may react more strongly to the toxin. This condition is especially dangerous for newborns, since their body is not sufficiently adapted to environmental conditions and any imbalance in the internal environment can become a threat to life.

The main symptoms of intoxication in a child are:

Weakness and lethargy.
Loss of appetite (towards its decrease/absence).
Dyspepsia, nausea, stool upset, vomiting (single, repeated).
Dizziness.
Increased body temperature (optional sign).
Headaches and dizziness.
In severe cases, convulsions.

Intoxication in children of the first year of life is quite severe. Its signs are:

As the process progresses, the symptoms of intoxication change. The child becomes apathetic, weak-willed (like a “rag” - just as you put it there, it lies there). Body temperature can rise to 40 C. The baby stops responding to external stimuli, looks “into nowhere”, reflexes weaken, and the heartbeat quickens. In this case, you should seek medical help as quickly as possible.

Identifying chronic forms of the pathological process is difficult at an early age, because the child does not understand what is happening to him and cannot clearly explain what is bothering him. Therefore, if even a few of these symptoms appear, you need to consult a pediatrician.

The first signs of tuberculosis infection in children are:

Night sleep disturbance.
Increased fatigue.
Low-grade fever.
Sweating at night.
Pallor/marbling of the skin.
Enlargement of regional lymph nodes in at least 5 zones.
Dyspepsia, diarrhea/constipation.
Erythema.

Depending on the suspected causes of the illness, the child will be prescribed an appropriate examination.

Diagnosis and treatment

For any signs of poisoning, doctors prescribe blood and urine tests. If an intestinal infection is suspected, an infectious disease specialist will provide advice. Stool samples are examined to identify pathogenic and opportunistic flora.

If tuberculosis intoxication is suspected, the patient is examined by a TB specialist and a pulmonologist, an X-ray of the lungs is prescribed, and tuberculin tests are performed. Other tests may be recommended. For example, a nasopharyngeal swab for signs of sore throat.

Symptoms and treatment of intoxication depend on the toxin that led to the disorder. At the first stage of helping a small patient, they try to speed up the removal of harmful substances from the body as much as possible. For food poisoning, treatment begins:

With gastric lavage (sometimes multiple times).
Introduction of enterosorbents (Filtrum).
Administration of saline or glucose-saline solutions to maintain electrolytic balance.

Etiotropic therapy depends on the microorganism that caused the described syndrome. These are usually broad-spectrum antibiotics. In the case of tuberculosis intoxication, specific treatment should be combined with desensitization and the intake of vitamin complexes.

If intoxication of the body is caused by ENT pathology or respiratory infections, the main method to alleviate the child’s condition is to drink plenty of vitamins. With all other possible options, treatment is carried out with an emphasis on the cause of the disease. In some cases, symptomatic therapy is prescribed. For example, Cerucal or its analogues are administered to combat nausea.

Source: child's body

Intoxication is severe poisoning of the body. In children, this condition manifests itself most clearly; the toxic syndrome is strongly expressed. As a rule, such conditions often affect children who were born much earlier than expected, as well as frequently ill children with weak immune systems. In addition, children with rickets, with various forms of dystrophy and diathesis, can be included in the increased group. In some cases, intoxication may occur after a serious illness.

Usually the development of this process is acute. First, the baby sharply weakens, is capricious, experiences a lack of appetite, and diarrhea begins. In extremely rare cases, in addition to weight loss, fainting occurs. The appearance of vomiting is characteristic of toxic intoxication due to various intestinal disorders. Signs of significant dehydration may then appear as toxins enter the bloodstream directly. This disrupts the functioning of both the liver and the nervous system. In such cases, toxic syndrome is diagnosed.

In some children, when the body is poisoned, facial expressions may be completely absent; the child seems to be looking into emptiness. Then, after a certain period of time, reflexes may also disappear, the heartbeat accelerates, and the pressure decreases. The baby feels virtually no pain, and red spots may be noticeable in places on the bloodless body. In such situations, calling an ambulance doctor should be done as quickly as possible. Providing assistance to such a child is possible only in a hospital setting.

If the body is intoxicated, it is recommended to refrain from eating food for at least a day. In this case, frequent, abundant drinking in small portions is indicated. Self-medication of such a child in serious condition can cause irreparable harm to health.

The main signs of intoxication in children are exactly the same as those in adults. However, identifying some hidden symptoms is sometimes impossible if the child speaks poorly and does not understand what is happening to him. And then after rendering medical care hospital, further rehabilitation can be carried out at home. However, in order not to aggravate the condition of a small patient, you should discuss taking even the most harmless medications with your doctor.

a rehabilitation period can be carried out.

Intoxication due to the ingestion of various chemicals into the body can not only significantly disrupt the baby’s vital functions, but also pose a threat to life. Moreover, the higher the toxicity of a particular chemical, the higher the risk that an insignificant dose will cause poisoning.

Many pharmacological medications are designed to restore various body functions. However, in incorrect doses they cause toxic effects. It should be noted. that improper storage of a home first aid kit can also cause child intoxication. Moreover, a large overdose of conventional vitamin complexes can harm the intestines.

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The most common food poisoning in children. They are much more severe than in any adult, due to certain characteristics of the child’s body. It is no secret that a child is always more sensitive to various toxic substances and dangerous pathogenic microbes. Usually he absorbs the poison quite quickly, which spreads throughout the body in a minimum amount of time.

Germs can be found in stale food, on dirty hands and poorly washed toys, and they can also be spread by common flies. Even if an adult does not have symptoms of poisoning, this does not mean that the product is edible. It is worth being more careful, because the younger the child, the more susceptible he is to various types of infections and all kinds of poisoning. Always try to feed your baby freshly prepared meals, as well as thoroughly washed fresh fruits and vegetables.

Dangerous staphylococcal poisonings cause quite severe intoxication even in older children, since once they enter the body, they multiply and secrete intestinal toxin. Along with this, severe food poisoning is often provoked by pathogenic microbes - salmonella. They are easily destroyed with proper heat treatment. It should be mentioned that deaths from intoxication with salmonellosis toxins have been reported in children under 5 years of age.

You should also be careful when using modern chemical detergents. Vapors from such products can cause severe burns to the baby's respiratory tract. Other substances, such as glue, ammonia, vinegar essence, acetone, etc., provoke dangerous consequences in children of different ages. Poisoning with acids and alkalis is characterized by difficulty breathing and increased salivation. Often painful vomiting occurs repeatedly.

If storage conditions are not observed, there are frequent cases of poisoning of children with pesticides. They can enter the child’s body not only through the main digestive organs, but also through the pores of the baby’s skin and through his respiratory tract. Symptoms of such intoxication include nausea and vomiting, headache, severe abdominal pain, as well as itching and skin rashes. In this case, gastric lavage is mandatory.

Source: child poisoning

Food poisoning in a child is an acute infectious-toxic lesion that occurs as a result of eating poor-quality foods that contain pathogens and their toxins, plant or other poisons. Food poisoning in a child is manifested by diarrhea, vomiting, fever, intoxication, and dehydration. Diagnosis of food poisoning in children involves clarifying the epidemiological history; identification of pathogen or toxin in blood, feces, vomit, food samples. Treatment of food poisoning in children requires immediate gastric lavage or a cleansing enema, taking enterosorbents, and rehydration.

Food poisoning in a child

Food poisoning in a child is a food poisoning or intoxication associated with the consumption of contaminated food, water or toxic (plant, chemical, medicinal) substances. Food poisoning in children occupies a leading place among infectious pathologies and toxicology of childhood and represents a serious problem in practical pediatrics. Food poisoning in a child is much more severe than in adults, which is explained by the characteristics of the child’s body: low acidity of gastric juice, incomplete formation of intestinal microflora, faster absorption of poison and its distribution throughout the body, relatively low detoxification ability of the liver and filtration function of the kidneys, etc. etc. Often the same foods, which do not cause any signs of poisoning in an adult, cause food poisoning in a child.

Classification of food poisoning in children

A child may experience the following types of food poisoning:

Infectious food poisoning caused by microbes and their toxins (food poisoning and food toxicosis - bacteriotoxicosis, botulism).
Non-infectious food poisoning caused by toxic products of plant and animal origin, toxic impurities.

The clinical course of food poisoning in a child is divided into 3 stages:

Latent (asymptomatic) - lasts from the moment of ingestion of the toxin/poison until the first symptoms of food poisoning appear in the child. The duration of the latent period depends on the age and individual characteristics of the child, the amount of toxic substance ingested with food, and the rate of its absorption. The latent stage of food poisoning is the most favorable “window” for treating a child, when the poison has not yet entered the bloodstream and has not exerted its toxic effect. First aid in this case is gastric lavage and taking enterosorbents.
Toxigenic – lasts from the appearance of the first signs of poisoning until the elimination of bacteria and poison from the body. The toxicogenic period is manifested by extensive symptoms of food poisoning in a child, characteristic of a given toxic infection or poison. At this stage, it is necessary to identify bacteria and poison, their removal (gastric lavage, cleansing enema, forced diuresis), detoxification, etc.
The stage of convalescence is the restoration of impaired functions (digestive, excretory, immune, etc.).

Causes of food poisoning in children

Infectious food poisoning in a child (food poisoning) can be caused by staphylococcus, proteus, klebsiella, clostridia, citrobacter, enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli, etc. These pathogens enter the body exclusively with food, in which they previously multiply and produce toxins. Food contamination and the accumulation of toxins are facilitated by non-compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards during the storage, preparation and sale of food. In this case, the products may look like poor quality (unpleasant smell, taste, changed color, consistency) or have normal organoleptic qualities.

Microbial sources that contaminate food can be people suffering from intestinal infections, purulent diseases (tonsillitis, furunculosis, streptoderma, panaritium, mastitis, etc.), as well as animals that pollute water, soil, plants and other environmental objects with their feces. Food poisoning in a child can be caused by consuming unboiled water, contaminated milk and dairy products, eggs, creamy confectionery, fish and seafood, sausages, meat (beef, pork, chicken, etc.), homemade canned food, etc.

Food poisoning in children can occur as sporadic, familial cases or mass outbreaks. They are characterized by an increase in incidence in the summer-autumn period, when there are favorable conditions for the proliferation of microbial pathogens and the accumulation of toxins.

Non-infectious food poisoning is usually associated with the child's accidental consumption of poisonous berries (nightshade, wolfberry, black elderberry, crow's eye, etc.), plants (hemlock, henbane, poisonous weed, datura, etc.), mushrooms (pale toadstool, fly agaric, false chanterelles or honey mushrooms). Food poisoning in a child can occur when eating agricultural products contaminated with toxic chemical impurities (fungicides, insecticides, inorganic compounds).

Symptoms of food poisoning in a child

The clinical picture of food poisoning in a child with various toxic infections is very similar. Typically the latent stage lasts 2-6 hours; sometimes shortened to 30 minutes. or extends to 24 hours. Food poisoning in a child is manifested by signs of gastroenteritis, general infectious symptoms, intoxication, and dehydration.

The disease begins acutely, with nausea, repeated vomiting of eaten food, abdominal pain (mainly in the stomach area), watery diarrhea with impurities of greenery, mucus, and streaks of blood. The frequency of stool reaches 5-10 times a day.

Almost simultaneously with the symptoms of gastroenteritis, body temperature rises to 38-39°C. Intoxication syndrome is rapidly growing, characterized by lethargy, refusal to eat, headache and muscle pain. Loss of fluid through vomiting and stool leads to dehydration: facial features become sharper, the skin becomes pale and dry to the touch. A child with food poisoning may experience convulsions, oligo-, anuria, hemodynamic disorders, and acidosis.

The course of food poisoning is short; in most cases, symptoms regress within 2–3 days, although weakness and abdominal pain may persist longer. Severe forms of food poisoning can be observed in young children, weakened individuals with concomitant background (prematurity, malnutrition, dysbacteriosis, etc.). In severe cases, the child may develop necrotic enteritis, infectious-toxic or hypovolemic shock, endocarditis, and sepsis.

In case of food poisoning from poisonous plants, a child’s central nervous system is often affected, which can manifest itself as lethargy, euphoria, hallucinations, visual impairment, speech disorders, convulsions, and coma. With a toxic effect on the cardiovascular system, tachycardia or bradycardia, arrhythmia, and arterial hypotension occur. Most plants primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract, which makes food poisoning in a child less dangerous.

Food poisoning of a child by mushrooms always occurs due to the fault of adults who allow the consumption of unknown or dubious “gifts of the forest.” Poisoning with toadstool is accompanied by uncontrollable vomiting, intestinal colic, cholera-like diarrhea mixed with blood, convulsions, and respiratory distress. The action of the poison leads to the development of toxic hepatitis, and in 90% of cases – to death due to acute liver failure.

In case of fly agaric poisoning, increased salivation, vomiting, shortness of breath, bronchospasm, hallucinations, and convulsions occur. The mortality rate for fly agaric poisoning is 1%.

The clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of botulism can be found here.

Diagnosis of food poisoning in a child

Food poisoning in a child can usually be diagnosed by a pediatrician or pediatric infectious disease specialist. Making a diagnosis of food poisoning in a child is facilitated by clarifying the epidemiological history, the typical clinical picture, and an indication of group cases of poisoning of persons who ate the same food.

Specific diagnostic tests include isolation of the pathogen from bacteriological culture of feces, vomit, gastric lavage, and the remains of an infected product. If a generalized form of infection is suspected, a blood culture is performed. In case of mass outbreaks of foodborne toxic infections in children's groups, kitchen workers are subject to examination, from whom swabs are taken from the hands, nasopharynx, and rectum. Express methods for identifying the pathogen (RIF, ELISA, PCR) are of auxiliary value.

Treatment of food poisoning in a child

Emergency assistance when establishing the fact of food poisoning in a child consists of washing the stomach to clean water and administering a cleansing enema to remove toxins from the gastrointestinal tract. For the same purpose, the administration of enterosorbents (activated carbon, combination drugs) is indicated.

To eliminate dehydration, it is necessary to carry out oral rehydration (sweet tea, saline solutions) for moderate forms - parenteral rehydration therapy with saline solutions. In case of food poisoning, the child is prescribed replacement therapy with multienzyme drugs with pancreatin. Antimicrobial therapy for a child with food poisoning is carried out only in case of severe toxic infections under the supervision of a doctor.

It is advisable to abstain from eating for 12–24 hours. After the vomiting stops, the child is recommended to have a gentle diet (liquid cereals, slimy soups, crackers, compotes, kefir).

In case of poisoning with toadstool, a child requires emergency extracorporeal hemocorrection (hemosorption).

Prognosis and prevention of food poisoning in children

Food poisoning in a child that occurs in mild or moderate severity usually ends in complete recovery. The consequences of food poisoning in a child can be various dysfunctions of organs and systems. Thus, the outcome of food toxic infection is often dysbacteriosis, and mushroom poisoning is renal and liver failure. In case of severe food poisoning, a child may develop severe multiple organ failure, requiring intensive care. With toxic infections, the mortality rate is low (about 1%), which cannot be said about mushroom poisoning.

Prevention of food poisoning in children dictates the need for proper storage and adequate heat treatment of food products, drinking only boiled water, and thoroughly washing hands and food under running water. Regular hygienic examination of persons working in children's kitchens and catering is necessary; preventing workers with pustular skin diseases (pyoderma), respiratory tract infections, and intestinal infections from entering the catering department.

It is necessary to introduce children to poisonous plants and mushrooms, and strictly prohibit them from eating unknown berries, fruits, seeds, etc.

Source: child

Intoxication is the poisoning of the body with a large number of harmful toxins that affect internal organs. The main cause of this condition can be endotoxins, exotoxins, which respectively appear due to the influence of internal or external factors. Signs of intoxication in a small child are distinguished by the manifestation of toxic syndrome.

Toxic syndrome is a condition in which the baby looks lethargic, is capricious, has poor appetite, low blood pressure, and an accelerated heartbeat. It can easily be confused with a common cold.

You should not self-medicate, as you risk aggravating the child’s condition. Toxic syndrome is a clear signal for parents that they urgently need to see a doctor.

A baby in this condition needs urgent hospitalization and medical supervision. Treatment of the underlying disease will be accompanied by the prescription of additional drugs to eliminate not only the process of toxic syndrome in the body, but also the symptoms.

Types and symptoms

Depending on the symptoms, acute and chronic forms of intoxication are distinguished, depending on how long the baby is in a state of toxin poisoning. Also, special attention should be paid to tuberculosis intoxication of the body.

Most often it occurs due to the influence of a large number of medications. The following symptoms of toxic syndrome in a child’s body may appear:

Toxins are very quickly absorbed into the blood, change its composition, and are transported throughout the body to other vital organs, disrupting their functioning.

Chronic

A problem for a child’s body occurs when the baby is not given the necessary assistance for a long time. This form has more severe consequences and is difficult to treat. Therefore, you should not self-medicate, but ensure the necessary timely medical treatment in the hospital.

During the chronic form of the disease, a child gets tired quickly, has trouble remembering, and complains of dizziness and headaches.

There may be no other obvious symptoms. There is a risk of associating this condition of the child with any other diseases or common ailments.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis intoxication of the body is a form of tuberculosis in which characteristic symptoms appear without local manifestations of tuberculosis itself; primary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is diagnosed.

Tuberculosis intoxication in children can have a number of special symptoms. The child may have:

excessive excitement;
irritability;
nervous imbalance;
headache;
sleep disturbance.

You can also notice external signs of toxic syndrome in children:

pale skin;
swelling of the lymph nodes;
enlarged spleen, liver, which can be detected by touch;
frequent digestive tract disorders.

The listed symptoms refer to early tuberculosis intoxication.

After a month, poisoning of the child’s body with toxins may manifest itself as a positive tuberculin test. During this period, erythema nodosum and an increase in body temperature may occur.

When tuberculosis intoxication in children crosses the chronic line, the child may experience developmental delays.

The skin color is particularly pale, and the lymph nodes are noticeably enlarged. Conjunctivitis and conflicts may occur periodically. Allergies and mild fatigue may appear, he begins to avoid noisy games, and sleeps often.

Treatment of the acute form of toxic syndrome in a child is not difficult. The main thing is to do everything in a timely manner, then poisoning the body will not leave bad consequences. It is important to carefully monitor the condition of your child. Do not ignore his complaints about his poor condition. This will help you get tested in time to diagnose and find out the cause of toxic syndrome.

When prescribing treatment, doctors prescribe special absorbent agents that remove harmful toxins from the body. It is possible to use useful tinctures, decoctions and administer an enema. These methods help quickly relieve the symptoms of toxin poisoning.

For prevention purposes, it is important to follow a diet, take vitamins and dietary supplements that will speed up the restoration of health.

Tuberculosis intoxication in children takes much longer to treat than usual. The baby must undergo diagnostics and receive high-quality treatment with medications while in the hospital. Diagnostics may include tomography, bronchoscopy, bacteriological, and other studies.

The first stage of treatment for a child can last about 4 months. After this, the child’s internal systems should be restored over a period of six months to several years.

Even after treatment, constant monitoring at a tuberculosis clinic remains necessary for the patient.

Chronic tuberculosis intoxication in children can be treated throughout the year. The patient can be prescribed about 3 different anti-tuberculosis drugs at the same time, with the help of which chemotherapy is carried out. Rifampicin, isoniazid, and ethambutol are often prescribed.

In addition to the main treatment, medications necessary to eliminate allergies are prescribed. Particular attention is paid to restoring the immune system, including through physical and breathing exercises.

Source: - symptoms and treatment of poisoning in a child

Each person experienced unpleasant symptoms of intoxication: painful vomiting, diarrhea and increased weakness. Some were treated on their own, while others required urgent hospitalization. But if signs of poisoning are detected in young children, you cannot hesitate - medical intervention is required. Before the ambulance arrives, some therapeutic measures can be carried out so that the child’s intoxication does not develop into serious complications.

What is the danger of intoxication in a baby?

Intoxication is a malfunction of all vital systems that occurs under the influence of pathogenic microorganisms. Most often, during the diagnostic process, doctors identify the following infectious agents in biological samples of a child:

If a child has a weakened immune system, then even the simplest mold spores can cause intoxication. Harmful viruses and bacteria can cause poisoning in two ways:

Exogenous route. Microorganisms penetrate into the human body from the external environment along with food, medicines, and poisonous plants. Even if a baby simply puts a rattle containing a pathogenic bacterium in his mouth, intoxication of the body can occur. Having settled on the mucous membranes of internal organs, viruses begin to actively multiply and release toxic products of their metabolism into the gastrointestinal tract.
Endogenous pathway. Intoxication develops when there is an inflammatory process of various localizations in the child’s body. It could be a sore throat, sinusitis, tonsillitis, ARVI, bronchitis. Signs of poisoning appear in diseases of the urinary system, otitis media, conjunctivitis. Pathogenic microorganisms are carried throughout the body by the blood stream, forming new foci of inflammation and causing unpleasant symptoms.

Sometimes the symptoms of poisoning are signs of a chronic hidden disease in the baby. For example, when the endocrine glands malfunction, a large amount of hormones accumulate in the blood. These biologically active substances can cause intoxication. Therefore, it is very important to examine a child with frequent symptoms of poisoning.

Once inside the body, pathogenic viruses destroy the beneficial microflora of the stomach and intestines in young children. Previously peacefully dormant harmful bacteria are activated and begin to release toxins. A joint attack on the internal organs of one’s own microorganisms and those coming from outside can cause acute intoxication.

What types of intoxication occur in children?

What is intoxication - according to many parents, it is diarrhea, vomiting and fever. Just a few pills and one day of a strict diet are enough to eliminate negative symptoms. Such reasoning is extremely erroneous and dangerous. When examining sick children, doctors diagnose the following stages of poisoning:

spicy. Unpleasant symptoms may appear immediately or several hours after toxins enter the child’s body. As a rule, in this case, intoxication cannot be confused with other diseases - all signs of poisoning appear immediately;
chronic. Intoxication is often discovered by chance, when diagnosing another pathology. The cause of the disease is completely untreated acute poisoning. The majority of pathogenic microorganisms were destroyed by taking antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs. But some strains of viruses remain in the child’s body and continue to slowly poison him with the toxins they release.

If your baby was diagnosed with poisoning several months ago, but after treatment his behavior has changed, you should consult a doctor. It is possible that colonies of viruses or bacteria remain in the gastrointestinal tract.

Chronic intoxication is especially dangerous in very young children who cannot yet tell their parents about their poor health.

How harmful microbes enter a child's body

The most common type of intoxication is food poisoning. There are many reasons for its occurrence: improper storage of food, consumption of food that has not been subjected to heat treatment, failure to comply with hygiene rules. Sometimes the parents are not to blame for the appearance of dangerous symptoms - pathogenic microorganisms get inside food packages during production or packaging at enterprises. Intoxication develops:

When treated with antibiotics and antimicrobial agents that destroy beneficial bacteria.
In case of poisoning with pharmacological drugs.
When poisonous plants enter a child’s body.
In case of poisoning with household chemicals: insecticides, fungicides, washing powders and bleaches, detergents for washing dishes and enamel surfaces.
For hidden chronic diseases: diabetes, tuberculosis, cystitis, pyelonephritis.

Parents are often unable to determine what caused the poisoning in a young child. It may not be fruit yogurt from the store, but a dangerous hemlock plant picked by a child on a walk. The faster doctors provide assistance, the greater the likelihood that intoxication will not cause serious complications.

Getting acetone, acetic acid, ammonia, or potent tranquilizers into a child's body can be deadly. The victim must be urgently taken to the nearest medical facility for gastric lavage.

What symptoms does a baby have when intoxicated?

Signs of intoxication appear faster in children than in adults. This is due to the structure of blood vessels and pulmonary parenchyma, which are not yet fully formed. Therefore, poisons and toxins quickly spread throughout the body, causing severe pain. What does a child experience at the acute stage of poisoning:

the baby refuses to eat even his favorite foods, he becomes nauseous;
the body tries to get rid of foreign microorganisms through vomiting. The child has a headache and increased sweating, the skin is pale;
abdominal cramps are accompanied by sharp pains that even medications cannot eliminate;
The baby develops diarrhea. When poisoned by chemicals, blood clots appear in the stool;
increased fatigue is observed, the child constantly feels sleepy;
sometimes there is dizziness, loss of orientation in space;
body temperature rises.

Vomiting and diarrhea are the most dangerous symptoms of intoxication. In young children, dehydration quickly develops; beneficial salts and microelements are excreted in feces and vomit. If urgent medical care is not provided, acute renal failure may develop.

If a child is poisoned by poisonous plants or toxic substances, then after a few minutes loss of consciousness, convulsions of the lower and upper extremities, and increased salivation with foam may occur. During the chronic stage, the following symptoms of intoxication occur:

Lethargy, apathy, drowsiness
Increased irritability.
Attention disorder, memory impairment.
Loss of appetite, weight loss.
Pale skin, dry mucous membranes.
Shortness of breath, feeling of lack of air.
Irregular urination.

Often parents do not associate the appearance of these symptoms with intoxication. They think that the baby has a cold or was simply overtired during a walk. If the pathology is not treated, health will deteriorate and serious complications will arise.

Treatment of intoxication in young children

Not only the appearance of convulsions and loss of consciousness serve as a signal for urgent hospitalization. Tiny children cannot explain what they have swallowed, and the development of symptoms accelerates. While the parents are waiting for the doctor to arrive:

You should give your child clean water often and in small portions, literally a teaspoon at a time.
Do not give food under any circumstances, even if the baby complains of hunger.
you need to put the child down and calm him down.

If parents are sure that the cause of poisoning was not caustic acids, alkalis or household chemicals, they can relieve the child’s intoxication at home by inducing vomiting. Give the baby warm water and induce vomiting. For a child over three years old, it is important to help by lightly pressing on the root of the tongue.

In case of poisoning with acids or alkalis, vomiting should not be induced. The backflow of toxins into the larynx and esophagus will lead to the development of swelling of the mucous membranes and respiratory arrest. What can you do in this case:

In case of intoxication with alkalis, you need to dilute 2 tbsp. spoons of 3% vinegar in a glass of water, give the baby one spoon every 10 minutes.
For acid poisoning, 1 tbsp. Dissolve a spoonful of baking soda in a glass of water and give the child one spoonful every 10 minutes.

If parents are sure that food caused the intoxication, they need to give the baby sorbents that will bind toxins and poisons - activated carbon, smecta or enterosgel. In case of severe diarrhea, you can give the child a solution of the drug with a high content of glucose and mineral salts (Rehydron). An increase in temperature above 39 °C requires the use of antipyretic drugs (soluble tablets, syrups, suppositories).

If the doctor has not found a reason to hospitalize a small child, then treatment will only require taking pharmacological drugs (adsorbents). You will need to follow a diet for one or two days: drink rosehip decoction and eat white bread crackers.

During hospitalization, drug therapy and gastric lavage through a special tube will be performed.

Intoxication in young children always manifests itself with many symptoms and threatens with serious complications. The sooner parents take their child to the hospital or call an ambulance, the fewer pathogenic viruses and bacteria will penetrate the body.

The baby suddenly began to cry pitifully, pointing to his stomach. Most likely, he ate something wrong. What to do in this situation? Perhaps the reason is . Calm down, you need to figure it out and start acting.

How to determine the presence of food poisoning in a child, how to treat it - what should be given from the medicine in the home medicine cabinet to help cope with the disease, should a child be fed and watered if he has a toxic infection? Let's sort it all out!

How to distinguish from rotavirus

It is very important to know the enemy by sight. Then methods of influence will be available. For these two conditions, completely different therapies are used.

Stomach flu

is an infection. It can be contracted from a sick person or a healthy carrier. The virus is very stable in the external environment, so it can be caught both in winter and summer. The following symptoms are characteristic of this disease:

When infected, not only the stomach, but also other organs are affected. Pay attention to your household. If later the disease “decimated” the rest of the family members, then there is no doubt – it is rotavirus.

Food intoxication

develops quickly - within 2-6 hours after microorganisms and toxins enter the body. The severity of manifestations depends on the number and type of pathogen:

If poisoning is caused by heavy metals, poisons or unknown substances, then the following signs are observed:

Loss of consciousness.
Visual or auditory hallucinations.
Severe drooling.
Disturbance in the functioning of the nervous system.

Comparative analysis of symptoms

Both pathological conditions have similar symptoms. It is very difficult to distinguish whether a child has rotavirus or poisoning. However, there are still differences:

First aid for signs of toxic infection

In children, especially in the first two years of life, poisoning (toxic infection) is more severe than in adults. This is due to underdevelopment of the gastrointestinal tract. If this happens, you need to call a pediatrician at home.

The reasons are poor quality food, unboiled water, poorly processed food, infected fruits and vegetables.

Cases when you immediately need to call an ambulance:

Poisoning in a newborn and a child under two years of age.
Vomiting and diarrhea do not stop, despite the measures taken.
Loss of consciousness.
Bloody stool.
Lack of consciousness, dizziness.

Important! Babies quickly become dehydrated. Its signs: absence of urination for more than 8 hours, weight loss, constant vomiting, retraction of the fontanel, bluish tint to the skin. Without hesitation, dial 03.

Before the doctor arrives, try to calm the baby down, preferably put him to bed. The scheme is simple: “no” to food, “yes” to water..

If he doesn’t drink, take a syringe without a needle, fill it with filtered water and inject the contents into the throat. Your task is to give him something to drink and wash out his stomach. How to rinse a child’s stomach in case of poisoning? Clean water you can make a saline solution- a glass of water with three tablespoons of salt.

Can it be given in case of poisoning? Yes, at a dosage of 50 mg per 1 kg of weight.

If a child is poisoned, it is necessary to do an enema! Take a small pear, 60 ml of cool water for a child aged 1 year. The older it is, the amount of water is added per 100 ml.

The pediatrician, after examining the little patient, will prescribe medications depending on the condition.. Usually these are sorbents. In severe cases, he will issue a referral to a hospital.

Treatment at home

If your child has no appetite, do not feed him. Give fluids to prevent dehydration. Get drunk at any cost! Doesn't drink water, compote or juice will do. It's better than nothing.

What medications to take: antiemetics and sorbents

What can you give a child in case of poisoning and vomiting, what medications will save the situation? Enterosorbents Smecta and Polysorb help well. They are allowed even for infants.

Reception scheme in case of poisoning in children under one year of age and older:

1-2 sachets for the whole day. Distribute into 5 doses. Dilute the substance in 50 ml of water and take a little bit throughout the day.
From two years and older - 4 sachets for the whole day. Stir thoroughly.

Side effects are rare. There are practically no contraindications.

Polysorb is given depending on weight. For newborns weighing up to 5 kg - half a teaspoon per 50 ml of water. 10-12 kg – a teaspoon of sorbent per 60 ml of water. And so on.

Absorbent Enterosgel In case of poisoning of a child, it is allowed from 3 years of age. Take a teaspoon three times in 24 hours. For children over five years old, take a spoon as for adults.

When gastrointestinal damage is severe, the dose can be increased. Well tolerated by all categories of patients.

Phosphalugel– minimizes acidity in the stomach and also has a sorbing property, that is, it binds pathogenic microorganisms, toxins and bacteria. In case of poisoning, phosphalugel can be given to children from birth:

From 1 month to 6 - 4 grams (this is a quarter of a bag) 5 times a day after meals.
From six months to 6 years - 8 g of the substance (2 teaspoons) 3 times a day.
From 6 to 12 years - a whole sachet three times a day.
Over 12 years of age - two packets three times a day.

It should not be prescribed for kidney disease, liver disease or hypersensitivity to its components.

Antiemetics include. Its action normalizes the activity of the gastrointestinal tract and stops the gag reflex. Helps with flatulence. Approved for use even by infants. But the doctor selects the dosage to avoid unwanted reactions.

In case of poisoning of a non-infant child, Motilium is usually prescribed in a dosage of 2.5 mg suspension per 10 kg of body weight. There is a convenient measuring syringe where the kilograms and the required dose are indicated.

Do not take the medicine if you suspect bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.

What to do if diarrhea occurs

In this case, Enterofuril and Regidron will come to the aid of parents.

In case of poisoning in an infant, you need to buy it in suspension. Its dosage:

From one month to six months - 2.5 ml 3 times a day every 6 hours.
From 7 months to two years - also 2.5 ml, up to 4 times a day. Time period - 6-7 hours.
Starting from the age of three, give 5 ml 3-4 times a day, maintaining a difference of 6 hours.

Remember to shake the medicine bottle before use. As a rule, after one day of use, diarrhea begins to decrease and soon disappears.

Fructose intolerance and prematurity are a reason to refuse to use the product.

Regidron in case of poisoning of a child, this is protection against the consequences of dehydration. Has no age restrictions. The sachet is diluted in a liter of water and given to the patient a tablespoon every 15 minutes. Or after an episode of vomiting, but not immediately, but after 10 minutes. Otherwise everything will vomit back.

Sorbents can be combined with antibiotics and antiemetics.

Regular strong tea will help with stomach upset. Don't take bags, it's better to take sheets.

Also take a little dry rosehip, cook for a few minutes over low heat and give a 100-gram glass to the patient 4 times a day. The well-known rice water also helps well.

Are antibiotics needed?

Levomecithin in case of poisoning for children under three years of age, it is strictly prohibited. May cause severe allergic reactions, so it is better to avoid these pills altogether.

If there is nothing at hand, then the calculation formula is as follows - 15 mg per 1 kg of weight. The maximum dose per day is no more than 300 mg.

Food poisoning in children can be diagnosed at any age. There are many reasons for this, but in different cases you need to act differently. If alarming symptoms indicate that a child has been poisoned, proper first aid is required: this will make it possible not to lead to disastrous consequences. What to give a child if poisoned?

Causes of food poisoning

The child's body is highly sensitive, so parents must be attentive to what their child consumes and in what form. Even the most harmless products at first glance (milk, eggs, herbs, fruits) can harm your health if storage conditions are not followed. What are the causes of food poisoning:

Poisonous food. Mushrooms, plants, berries of unknown origin cause intoxication of the body and can even lead to death. You need to buy such products only from a seller who vouches for quality and confirms it with the necessary certificates.
Eating food with toxins and germs. It may be regular food, but its ingredients have been improperly processed during the cooking process. If you eat meat that is not fully cooked, or cottage cheese that has “exceeded” its expiration date, you can get an intestinal infection. The causative agents of stomach diseases lead to a sluggish, sleepy state with a list of symptoms. Intestinal infection includes salmonella, staphylococcus, and various strains. They can be in water, sour cream, cottage cheese, drinking yogurt, eggs, fruits, vegetables, meat products, fast food.
Intoxication with aggressive chemical compounds.

Signs of food poisoning

The first symptoms of food poisoning are constant vomiting and diarrhea. If the disease is actively developing, other signs also appear. How long does it take for poisoning to appear in the body? How to “recognize him by sight”? Food poisoning in a child is diagnosed within two hours, or at most within a day. If you have vomited several times in a short period of time and your temperature rises quickly, this indicates an intestinal infection and the action of toxins in the body.

A mild form of the disease is characterized by weakness in the body, allergic rashes on the skin, increased swelling, rapid breathing and pulse. Signs of poisoning in a child, in addition to diarrhea and vomiting, are pain in the stomach, a high temperature that is difficult to bring down, abdominal pain, the process of dehydration begins, decreased blood pressure, and dry mouth. The most dangerous symptom is vomiting and diarrhea without stopping, this is a signal that the body is severely dehydrated. To prevent a complex condition, you need to urgently call an ambulance.

Vomiting due to poisoning

Household intoxication (through water, food) is a disruption of the gastrointestinal tract. If a child vomits due to poisoning, but does not have diarrhea, this indicates damage to the wall of the upper gastrointestinal tract. If chemical compounds enter the stomach that destroy epithelial cells, the receptors are stimulated reflexively and the urge to vomit appears. Poisoning can be acute or chronic. The acute period is characterized by the rapid development of the disease. The chronic form activates new symptoms gradually as toxicity increases (occurs with drug or alcohol intoxication).

Temperature in case of poisoning in a child

Fever during intoxication is not uncommon. Fever in case of poisoning in a child is a protective reaction of the body against “evil” microbes and toxins. It is impossible to understand only by fever what type of infection (infectious or non-infectious) has occurred; this can only be shown by tests. What are the benefits of raising the temperature? Blood circulation improves, metabolism occurs faster, sweating accelerates, and harmful substances gradually leave the body. In such an environment, many bacteria die due to unfavorable conditions for development.

The temperature is dangerous when:

vomiting does not stop, but only intensifies;
diarrhea more than 10 times a day;
streaks of blood appear in loose stools;
convulsions and other signs of damage to the nervous system are observed;
it does not go astray for several hours with any drugs or does not go astray for long;
dehydration occurs.

What to do in case of poisoning

What to do if you have food poisoning:

prevention of subsequent intoxication with toxins;
enhancing the removal of pathogenic substances from the body;
food poisoning in a child requires immediate bowel cleansing;
therapeutic therapy to combat the pathogen;
treatment of symptoms obtained during intoxication.

Food poisoning - treatment

How to treat poisoning, what first aid to provide yourself:

Rinse the stomach. To do this, use a solution of soda, potassium permanganate, and salt.
Induce a gag reflex. If the child is under five years old, drugs that cause vomiting should not be used. It is allowed to use the method of pressing on the root of the tongue with your fingertips.
Apply a sorbent (white or black coal, enterosgel).
Give a laxative to speed up the elimination of toxic substances or give an enema.

Cure for poisoning

What medicines and tablets can be used for poisoning:

Activated carbon (1 tablet for every 10 kg of weight).
White coal (maximum 4 grams per day).
Smecta (powder for preparing a solution, helps cleanse the intestines).
Nifuroxazide. An antibiotic used for diarrhea.

All of these medications are approved for use in childhood. If the child is small, it is more difficult to give him a pill. In this case, smecta is ideal: the prepared solution has a sweet taste (orange or vanilla), children easily accept it. It can be used regardless of when the child ate food, and the daily dose is calculated based on the child’s age (from 1 to 3 sachets per day). The daily volume is divided into several doses and can be added to liquid foods and drinks.

Diet for poisoning in a child

Emergency actions have been taken and the treatment process is progressing successfully. It is not enough to cure a child of intoxication with drugs alone; the recovery process does not end there. It is imperative to follow a proper nutritional system. What to feed a child if he is poisoned? It is better not to give food for the first day; the digestion process is disrupted, which can cause increased vomiting and diarrhea. It is better to give more clean liquids to drink.

From the second day after poisoning, fatty foods are excluded from the diet. You cannot use dairy products to prepare porridges and do not eat food that irritates the gastrointestinal tract (raw vegetables, fruits, berries, sweets, canned food, smoked foods). All subsequent days you can take broth, tea without sugar, crackers, vegetable casseroles, boiled or steamed fish, meat, rice broth, light soups, porridge (oatmeal, rice). For preventative purposes, do not give your child eggs, yogurt, or milk in the first week.

Video: what to do in case of food poisoning at home

Many fathers and mothers do not know what to do when there is acute poisoning - vomiting and diarrhea. Of course, in this case you need to call a doctor or an ambulance. But what if these options are not currently available to you? So, your baby is sick: the body temperature has risen and vomiting has appeared. The stool became frequent, liquid, profuse, and watery. It contained inclusions of undigested food, sometimes an admixture of mucus, greenery, and less often - veins or an admixture of blood. There is every reason to believe that this is an intestinal infection. Due to repeated vomiting and frequent loose stools in young children, severe, life-threatening dehydration may occur within 6-8 hours. And high temperatures, sometimes rising to 40-41°C, can cause convulsions. Your task is to immediately call a doctor and act energetically yourself, without missing a minute: in such a situation, you yourself must become an “emergency worker”! Now it doesn’t matter what kind of infection it is (more than 40 causative agents of intestinal infections are known) - they all initially manifest themselves very similarly, and the first aid for dehydration as a result of vomiting and frequent loose stools is the same.

What to do in case of poisoning

You should not try to induce vomiting if the child is less than a year old - he may choke. You should also not induce vomiting if the child is unconscious, this can also lead to blockage of the airway. If a child is poisoned with gasoline, acid or alkali, vomiting may cause a burn to the esophagus. If it is impossible to cleanse the stomach, you need to give the child to drink one or two glasses of water and call an ambulance; the doctor will rinse the child’s stomach using a special probe.

What not to do if poisoned

You should not give your child any pills or painkillers - this can blur the clinical picture and complicate further diagnosis.
You should also not allow your child to eat or drink until the stomach has been completely rinsed and a diagnosis has been made.
Do not use warming or cooling compresses on the abdomen.
You cannot try to neutralize one substance with another, for example, give acid in case of alkali poisoning and vice versa: it is very difficult to accurately calculate the amount of substance required for neutralization, and an excess of “neutralizer” can itself cause poisoning or a chemical burn. In addition, the chemical reaction between such active substances can occur with strong release of heat or toxic reaction products.

Types of poisoning in children

Food poisoning

occur when consuming low-quality food contaminated with pathogenic viruses and bacteria. Food toxicoinfection occurs quite often in pediatric practice. And then parents are faced with a serious question: what to do if a child is poisoned by food, and by what signs can one quickly understand the onset of nutritional poisoning?

In the first hours after consuming such products, the following symptoms may appear:

pain and rumbling in the stomach;
repeated vomiting;
perhaps an increase in body temperature to febrile levels (over 38.5 degrees);
repeated diarrhea (watery stools more than 10-12 times a day).

With food poisoning caused by Proteas (pathogenic bacteria), the stool has a foul, pungent odor. In this case, some children may have a short-term decrease in vision. Staphylococcal infection very often occurs without diarrhea. In this case, signs of gastritis predominate (repeated vomiting, pain in the epigastric region). In this case, the body temperature remains within normal limits. In severe cases, seizures, bradycardia (decreased heart rate), decreased blood pressure and fainting may occur. With excessive repeated vomiting, the child loses a large amount of fluid, which later manifests itself as symptoms of dehydration (dry skin, bradycardia, lethargy, possibly impaired consciousness). The difference between food poisoning and other intoxications is the short incubation period (about 2-5 hours). Symptoms of the disease persist for two days. The short duration of such poisoning is explained by the fact that the pathogens - bacteria or viruses - circulate in the bloodstream for a short time.

First aid for food poisoning in a child

The prognosis for this type of poisoning is favorable. Lethal outcomes are rare and are possible only with the development of complications (hypovolemic shock, sepsis, acute heart failure).

In order for the effect on pathogenic bacteria and viruses to be effective, first aid to a child in case of poisoning should be provided in the first hours of the onset of symptoms.

First aid for food poisoning in a child is gastric lavage with a 2% sodium bicarbonate solution (tubeless or tube method). The purpose of this manipulation is to remove stagnant, fermented and decomposing food from the stomach, remove mucus and pathogenic microorganisms from the body;
Taking adsorbents (Polyphepan, activated carbon);
Relief of diarrhea syndrome (calcium gluconate, calcium carbonate);
Oral rehydration with saline solutions is carried out to prevent dehydration syndrome (Regidron, Citroglucosolan);
Restoration of the mucous barrier of the gastrointestinal tract (Smecta, Polysorb).

Medicinal (medicinal)

Drug intoxication is one of the most dangerous, especially for the child’s body.

The most dangerous medications for children are:

analgesics (acetylsalicylic acid);
antidepressants (Clomipramine);
sedatives (Diazepam);
antiarrhythmic drugs, cardiac glycosides, blood pressure lowering drugs;
Drugs for the treatment of bronchial asthma.

In order to prevent the development of serious complications, every parent should know the first symptoms and how to help their child in case of drug poisoning. Even if you enter the room and see empty blisters or scattered medications, but the child’s behavior has not changed in any way, immediately call an ambulance. It should be remembered that the development of the effect of each drug is individual and the first clinical symptoms may appear either after half an hour or after two hours. After calling an emergency medical team, you can always ask what to do if a child is poisoned.

First aid for child poisoning with drugs

If possible, determine which drug was eaten by the child.
Gastric lavage with 2% sodium bicarbonate solution or warm boiled water (tubeless or tube method). This manipulation must be carried out immediately, since after an hour, rinsing will be ineffective.
Adsorbing agents (activated carbon, Polyphepan, Polysorb).
Cleansing enema (at a dosage of 30 milliliters per kilogram of body weight every 4 hours).

In case of drug poisoning, a child must be hospitalized in an intensive care unit, where doctors know how to relieve intoxication in a child and will take all necessary measures for his speedy recovery (whether it be infusion therapy, the introduction of antidotes or any other methods of highly qualified medical care).

Poisonous and chemical substances

The most reliable signs that a child has tasted one of the chemicals are redness or a burn in the mouth, on the tongue, anxiety, increased salivation, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Not every mother knows what to do if her child is poisoned with chemicals. Let's find out what to do in this case.

First aid for child poisoning with chemicals

First of all, you need to call an ambulance as quickly as possible.
Determine the cause of poisoning (what chemical was eaten or drunk by the child).
Rinse the stomach (probeless or tube method). It should be remembered that you should not rinse your stomach if you are poisoned with acid, alkali or gasoline! Otherwise, a burn to the mucous membrane of the esophagus may occur during their reverse passage.

Further activities should be carried out in a hospital.

Periods of poisoning

All poisonings, regardless of their origin, go through three main periods:

latent (hidden) period - lasts from the moment the toxin enters the body until the first symptoms of the disease appear;
toxigenic period - the blood contains a huge amount of toxin, which penetrates through the hematogenous route into vital organs and disrupts their normal functioning;
somatogenic period - damage to internal organs (possible complications - acute liver or kidney failure, toxic encephalopathy, sepsis).

It should be remembered that poisoning in children is much more complicated than in adults. This is due to the characteristics of the morphofunctional immaturity of the child’s body. Intoxication is one of the most serious problems for children's health, the danger of which is that they are not always easy to identify and difficult to treat. However, having an understanding of the clinical manifestations and knowing how to help a child in case of poisoning, parents will always be on alert and will not get confused in a difficult situation.

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