Incomplete doubling of the left kidney - what is it? Duplication of the kidney is a common congenital pathology Complete duplication of the kidney and ureter

By the term “doubling kidney,” doctors understand a congenital defect in the development of the kidneys, when the organ completely or partially doubles. Each kidney has its own blood supply and often a collecting system. More often, duplication of one kidney is diagnosed, although it happens that a mutation occurs in both. The pathology is dangerous due to possible complications from the urinary system. Treatment is usually aimed at stopping secondary diseases. In rare cases, there is a need for surgical treatment of the anomaly.

An abnormal bifurcation in the kidneys can be harmful to a person’s health, but also not cause any obvious harm.

General information

Duplication of the kidneys is a disease characterized by abnormal development of the organ, when one or two lobes of the organ double, forming three or four kidneys. Despite the fact that additional organs often have their own collecting system and ureter, the lower kidneys are more functional. With complete doubling of the organ, each lobule has its own outlet for the ureter in the bladder. The growth of an additional organ is caused by congenital or acquired anomalies. Dual organs are quite common. Pathology develops during intrauterine development. The defect occurs in every 150 children. In this case, the disease is more typical for girls. Unilateral duplication accounts for more than 80% of cases.

Anatomical picture

The organ is visualized as two kidneys fused together, each of which has its own blood flow (separate arteries provide the blood supply). The size of such an organ is much larger than usual. More often, the upper and lower parts are visualized, which are separated by a groove. The lower lobule of the bifurcated kidney is more functional, despite the fact that there is a separation of the parenchyma and blood supply. In this case, the upper part of the organ is sometimes large in size, often symmetrical. With absolute doubling, each of the kidneys is provided with a ureter and a collecting system. The accessory ureter can have its own entrance to the bladder or connect to the main ureter, which is physiologically safer, since it does not lead to hydronephrosis.

Types of doubling

Bifurcation of the kidneys can be partial or complete.

There are 2 types of kidney duplication:

• complete;
• incomplete.

Complete cleavage is a defect when two lobules are formed from one organ, while the pelvis of one of them is underdeveloped. The pelvis is equipped with separate ureters that empty into the bladder at different levels. Possible abnormal development of phlebotomy, when the ureter is discharged into the urethra (urine leaks in children), vagina, or urinary diverticulum. Each lobe is capable of filtering urine.

Incomplete doubling of the kidney is a congenital anomaly, which is much more common. In this case, doubling of the left kidney and doubling of the right kidney occur with the same frequency. The size of the organ is larger than usual. Each lobe has its own blood supply, but there is only one circulatory system. It happens that two pelvises are formed, but the blood supply is common.

Causes of the anomaly

A double abnormal kidney can be formed by the following factors:

• congenital;
• acquired.

An accessory kidney of congenital etiology is formed genetically during the period of intrauterine development of the fetus. Abnormal genes are inherited from one or both parents. Acquired causes arise from gene mutations, which are caused by the effects of chemical, biological or physical factors on the fetus during pregnancy.

Kidney duplication is a genetic abnormality or the result of intrauterine radiation exposure.

The physical cause is radiation treatment to which the child was subjected in the womb. Chemical provocateurs are determined by the behavior of the mother. These include the pregnant woman’s use of alcohol, medications, smoking, and drug addiction. Biological causes include viruses that can cause cellular mutation in the fetus. Acquired anomalies can be prevented, since they all depend on the behavior of the pregnant woman.

In addition, a bifurcated abnormal kidney can result from exposure to the following factors during pregnancy:

• bacterial infections;
• lack of vitamins;
• environmentally hazardous situation;
• use of hormonal drugs;
• viruses.

Bifurcated kidneys are accompanied by swelling, lower back pain, loss of strength, nausea and vomiting, fever, and painful urination.

With complete doubling with double CLS and a bifurcated ureter, symptoms are usually absent until the development of pathologies of adjacent organs or kidney diseases. If one of the ureters is discharged into the vagina (into the urethra, into a urinary diverticulum), the patient will be bothered by various symptoms, for example, urine leakage, which occurs not only in a child, but also in an adult. With other ureteral defects, hydronephrosis often develops (urine accumulates in the urinary tract). Possible signs of a divided kidney:

• swelling;
• prostration;
• pain in the kidney area;
• cloudy urine;
• elevated temperatures;
• pain when urinating;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• high blood pressure;
• renal colic.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis in an adult usually occurs by chance during a routine examination, since there are no symptoms of kidney separation. The following diagnostic procedures are performed for children and adults:

• magnetic resonance urography.
• CT scan;
• Dopplerography;
• radiography;
• Analysis of urine;
• ascending urography;
• excretory urography;
• cystoscopy;
• bacteriological examination of urine sediment.

Ultrasound (ultrasound diagnostics)

Typically, incidental diagnosis occurs during an ultrasound scan. The information content of ultrasound is especially great with dilatation of the upper urinary tract. The doubling pattern cannot be seen using this procedure. After diagnosis, ultrasound is used to monitor the course of pathological changes during pregnancy or for other follow-up examinations.

One of the most common anomalies in the development of organs of the urinary system is a double kidney. This anomaly is always congenital and forms in the first trimester of pregnancy, during active organogenesis. There are so many factors predisposing to this anomaly that it is not possible to single out any main one. Anomalies associated with the development and functioning of the kidney can be different, so urologists distinguish between duplication or the presence of an additional kidney.

What is doubling?

The term doubling usually means the presence of a kidney that is much larger than the volume and size of a normal kidney, which is associated with improper formation of the urinary system during intrauterine development. When doubling on the part of the abnormal kidney, a significant increase in its lower pole can be distinguished. This is where the additional part is located. A condition in which the lower pole of an abnormal kidney is much larger than normal is called incomplete kidney duplication.

Doubling most often occurs in females, and it is not always possible to suspect this anomaly in a newborn, since the peculiarities of the functioning and development of many organs and systems do not allow us to evaluate the entire clinical picture.

Often, a double kidney does not bother a person at all, who can live his whole life with it without learning about the pathology. However, in some cases, a double kidney may be a factor in the development of diseases of the urinary system.

This photo shows the main shapes

Incomplete doubling

Incomplete or partial doubling is most often detected on the left side; an explanation for this fact has not yet been found in medicine, but the fact remains a fact. In rare cases, doubling occurs on both sides. Incomplete doubling of the left kidney differs from complete doubling in that in this case the ureters from the regular and accessory kidneys merge into a single one and flow into the bladder together. With incomplete doubling, each of its parts is supplied with blood by its own renal artery, however, the pyelocaliceal system remains unified.

Full doubling

With complete doubling, there is a complete anatomical division of the pyelocaliceal system of the anomalous kidney, but the parenchyma of the organ remains partially connected and they have a single capsule. Complete duplication of the right kidney is somewhat more common than the left one.

Causes of abnormalities of the urinary system

The reasons for kidney duplication are very diverse; as mentioned above, abnormal development of the urinary system occurs under the influence of a large number of different factors, both the external environment and the functioning of the maternal body during pregnancy. The nature of the anomaly is multifactorial and the main components of the incorrect formation of the abdominal system are:

• exposure to various types of ionizing radiation on the maternal body, even in the smallest doses;
• lack of vitamins, macro- and microelements, especially folic acid, magnesium and selenium;
• the use of drugs with a teratogenic effect on the pregnant woman’s body;
• the presence of bad habits associated with the use of tobacco products and alcoholic beverages is dangerous not only for the mother, but also for the child.

There are also a dozen more factors that contribute to the activation of genetic errors and significantly affect pregnancy. It is worth noting that the maternal body and the developing fetus are most sensitive to all factors during the first trimester, when tissue differentiation and the formation of the main organs and systems occur; it is at this moment that the most unpleasant consequences for the child can occur.

Timely and thorough pregnancy planning is the key to children’s health

Signs

The double organ does not cause any specific symptoms. Incomplete doubling may be completely asymptomatic and detected only during a preventive diagnostic examination. Sometimes it happens that a person lives with an abnormal kidney, when it is double, all his life, without ever learning about the peculiarities of the functioning of his own body. But with complete doubling, the picture is completely different; often, over time, urodynamic disturbances begin to form in the pyelocaliceal system of one of the organs, which leads to the formation of pathological processes.

Due to disturbances in urodynamics in an abnormal kidney, the most common complication is the development of an inflammatory process in the pyelocaliceal system. Less commonly, reflux occurs, i.e., the reverse flow of urine from the ureters, which leads to the development of hydronephrosis and urolithiasis.

The most common symptom experienced by a patient with an anomaly is pain. The pain is localized in the lower back and is aching in nature, which is associated with inflammation and subsequent swelling. In addition to pain, general weakness, swelling and fever may occur.

How to detect doubling

Doubling is rarely detected in a newborn, and even more so in a fetus, since the structure of their organs is still immature. Kidney duplication in a child can be detected starting from 8-9 years of age, when the organ systems are already fully formed and correspond to an adult body. Almost always, doubling becomes an unexpected finding during a diagnostic study, sometimes not at all related to the urinary system. The most informative research methods are ultrasound diagnostics and computed tomography. These research methods make it possible to confirm the anomaly with 100% probability and determine complete or incomplete organ duplication.

To clarify the diagnosis, a patient with such an anomaly can undergo ascending urography and cystoscopy. Directly during a cystoscopic examination, the urologist can determine the orifice of the ureters, which will confirm the complete separation of the two kidneys.

Pregnancy and doubling

If a woman planning a pregnancy knows about her urinary system anomaly, she should approach pregnancy planning more responsibly. Doubling is not a contraindication to pregnancy, but in some cases pregnancy can provoke inflammatory diseases in the abnormal kidney.

It's no secret that during pregnancy, along with the growing child, the uterus also enlarges, which leads to compression and displacement of the abdominal organs, and since they are located in the retroperitoneal space and are fixed, they cannot move normally. Pregnancy can lead to compression of the abnormal kidney and disruption of its functioning. When planning a pregnancy with a double kidney, a woman should undergo a thorough examination of the urinary system and follow all recommendations of the attending physician and obstetrician-gynecologist.

Kidney doubling and conscription into the army

Doubling does not exempt the conscript from compulsory military service, this means that conscript category “B” gives him the right to serve in troops with limited physical activity. With a double kidney, they are taken into the army in such troops as communications and engineering, which do not require serious stress on the body. In some cases, the diagnosis of a double kidney may exempt you from compulsory service, but this requires significant complications from the abnormal kidney, so a conscript with chronic pyelonephritis may be issued a category “B” military ID.

Treatment of a double kidney

In the absence of any significant symptoms and clinical picture of complications, you can live with an abnormal kidney without subjecting this condition to any correction. With incomplete doubling, the risk of complications is minimal and such a patient can live a calm and full life without treatment. If, during a diagnostic study, serious morphofunctional changes in the pyelocaliceal system are revealed, then this condition becomes a reason for specialized treatment.

Treatment consists of prescribing the patient a planned surgical intervention - heminephrectomy. During heminephrectomy, a retroperitoneal access to the abnormal kidney is formed and the most altered part of the kidney is excised, followed by suturing of the surgical wounds.

When the abnormal part of the organ is removed, urodynamics in the kidney are normalized and the clinical picture of any complications gradually disappears. It is very important to follow all the recommendations of the surgeon and the attending physician in the postoperative period, since the kidney is a very delicate organ and rehabilitation takes quite a long time. Correcting the diet and drinking regime allows you to speed up the recovery stage and quickly move on to a full life.

Of the anomalies in kidney development, duplication of these organs is the most common. More often, the problem is observed in girls on one side of the body, but sometimes it occurs on both sides.

Kidney duplication - what is it?

Modern medicine recognizes kidney duplication as a congenital pathology in which there is a complete or partial duplication of the renal system. The anomaly accounts for more than 10% of all defects of the urinary system, occurs in approximately 150 cases of post-mortem autopsy, and in newborns - in 1 case out of 140 children born. Unilateral doubling accounts for 88% of all registered pathologies, doubling of both kidneys accounts for 12%. The ICD-10 code is Q63.8 (Other congenital anomalies of the kidney).

When doubling, the kidney visually looks like two organs, each with its own blood supply.

The abnormal kidney, of course, is significantly larger than the normal one. The double kidney itself does not cause physical problems or serious impairment of the system’s function, but it contributes to the development of a number of diseases throughout life.

Causes

The pathology can be exclusively congenital; it begins during the period of intrauterine development of the fetus. Hereditary disposition is often important when one of the parents and close relatives has a similar anomaly. Also, a number of factors can have a pathogenic effect on the body of the mother and fetus, as a result of which a kidney with structural defects is formed during embryogenesis.

Among these factors are:

• Receiving radioactive and x-ray irradiation.
• Work in hazardous industries.
• Poisoning with drugs, poisons, intoxication.
• Taking drugs with teratogenic effects.
• Severe vitamin deficiency.

The result of the action of such factors is the appearance of two foci of kidney growth, when 2 pyelocaliceal systems are formed. Their final separation does not happen, so the double kidney is covered with a common fibrous membrane. The vessels depart separately from the aorta, or have a common trunk, which is then divided into two parts and approaches each kidney individually. Sometimes the arteries inside the double kidney penetrate from one abnormal organ to another, which can create certain difficulties during surgery.
In the video about what kidney doubling is like:

Forms of pathology

As already noted, the anomaly can be one-sided or two-sided.

But in medical practice, differentiating pathology into the following forms is also of great importance:

1. Full doubling. Both the left and right kidneys have their own ureter, their own pyelocaliceal system. The pelvises are located parallel, connected only by a small isthmus of connective tissue. The calyx that is located at the top, as a rule, is underdeveloped, and the lower pelvis functions fully. Each of the doubled kidneys is, in fact, a separate organ.
2. Incomplete doubling. With this anomaly, the parenchyma of the organ is double, its vessels are also doubled. The pyelocaliceal system develops without duplication. The top of the abnormal kidney is smaller than the bottom.

The most common occurrence is incomplete duplication of the left kidney. The right organ is affected much less frequently. The underdeveloped part of the double kidney resembles the state of the organ during dysplasia.

The photo shows the form of kidney doubling

Symptoms

Manifestations of incomplete kidney duplication in a newborn and in people throughout life are usually absent. Sometimes a person is not even aware of the existing anomaly, and finds out about it by accident. Incomplete doubling does not cause any consequences for life or a decrease in its quality.

Complete doubling also does not lead to the appearance of symptoms, but only until various complications are superimposed on it. This can occur at any age, but is less commonly diagnosed in children under 8-10 years of age.

Usually, with long-term existence of anomalies without surgery, the following are observed:

• Regular inflammation;
• Hydronephrosis with accumulation of urine in the pelvis;
• Backflow of urine from the ureters.

Symptoms of complete kidney duplication may include:

• Pain in the lower back;
• Pain when tapping on the lower back;
• Sometimes - increased body temperature;
• Edema;
• Weakness;
• Frequent renal colic;
• Arterial hypertension;
• Pain when urinating;
• Occasionally – urinary incontinence.

The infection can spread downward to the bladder and urethra with the appearance of a characteristic clinical picture of cystitis and urethritis.

Diagnostics

Typically, anomaly detection occurs as planned. Thanks to mandatory screening in children under one year of age, kidney duplication is often detected in a child already on an ultrasound at 1-6 months. Thus, renal ultrasound is the main diagnostic method that suggests this anomaly.

1. X-ray, MRI, CT. Allows you to examine in detail the shape and structure of the kidneys.
2. Excretory urography. Helps to see the ureters, expansion and duplication of the pyelocaliceal system.
3. Doppler scanning. Used to evaluate the vessels supplying the kidneys.
4. Cystoscopy. The specialist visualizes the orifices of the ureters, their number and location.

Inflammatory changes in the urinary system and the effectiveness of its work are confirmed by tests. Applicable:

• General urine analysis;
• Urinalysis;
• "Kidney" blood biochemistry;
• Analysis of a smear from the urethra for bacterial culture, etc.

Often, an experienced specialist can assume the presence of kidney duplication in the fetus during pregnancy. An ultrasound at 25 weeks and later may well provide the necessary information. Separately, it is necessary to say about pregnancy with a double kidney. Such women must be carefully monitored by a nephrologist and urologist throughout the entire gestation period; they regularly undergo a series of laboratory and instrumental tests. If there is renal failure and indications for surgery, pregnancy is contraindicated.
Double kidney on ultrasound:

Treatment and prognosis

There is no specific conservative treatment for this anomaly. But due to the increased risk of developing various complications, it is important to exercise dynamic control over the health of a person with a double kidney. As a preventative measure, they take diuretics, herbal remedies and other drugs prescribed by a specialist, and also regularly donate urine and perform an ultrasound of the kidney. A diet with a reduced amount of salt, spicy foods, smoked foods and other foods that can cause kidney overload is important. You should definitely stop smoking and drink alcohol in minimal quantities.

If complications occur, treatment is symptomatic and pathogenetic.

Acute and chronic inflammation and impaired urine outflow are treated by taking:

• Antibiotics;
• Antispasmodics and painkillers;
• Herbal preparations (kidney tea, corn silk, lingonberries, cranberries, etc.).

In the presence of severe, often exacerbating chronic pyelonephritis, as well as severe vesicoureteral reflux, surgical treatment should be planned. Also, one half of the kidney or the ureter is removed in case of stones, hydronephrosis, or lack of organ functioning, and the operation (heminephrectomy) is performed at any age. The appearance of a tumor or the lack of technical ability to separate the kidneys becomes an indication for complete nephrectomy. Kidney failure will require a kidney transplant from a donor or hemodialysis.
In the video about the causes and treatment of kidney development abnormalities:

What is the threat?

A prerequisite for the development of complications is the presence of renal dysplasia and urodynamic disturbances due to a double ureter. As a result, in the underdeveloped part of the kidney, incomplete emptying of the pelvis is observed, urine stagnates, which causes various diseases.

The most common inflammation of the kidney is pyelonephritis, which is especially common with complete doubling, combined with ectopia of the ureteral orifice, ureteral reflux, cystic reflux, and uregerocele. Pyelonephritis is observed in 24% of doubling cases.

Other possible consequences:

• Kidney stones – 21%;
• Hydronephrosis – 14%;
• Nephroptosis – 3%;
• Kidney tuberculosis – 36%;
• Tumors – 2%.

A kidney with an anomaly is very vulnerable; moreover, the infectious process in it often spreads to a healthy organ. Therefore, it is important for the patient not to overcool, eat right, and immediately treat all inflammations and infections in order to maintain health at a high level.

Duplicate kidneys can be defined as kidneys containing 2 pyelocaliceal systems (PPS) that are associated with a single ureter or with double ureters. Duplication occurs when two separate ureteric buds arise from a single mesonephric duct.

Based on the degree of fusion, it may present as bifidous renal forehead, partial ureteric duplication (Y-shaped ureter), incomplete ureteral duplication with ureters joining near or in the bladder wall (V-shaped ureter), and complete ureteric duplication with separate openings ureter.

Kidney duplication can be unilateral (incomplete duplication of the left kidney, right kidney) or bilateral and can be associated with various congenital anomalies of the genitourinary tract. Most patients are asymptomatic, and genitourinary tract abnormalities are discovered incidentally on imaging studies performed for other reasons. Symptomatic patients usually have complete ureteral duplication, in which the ureters are prone to developing obstruction, reflux, and infection. Ureteral obstruction is more common in the presence of a duplicate kidney and may be inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.

Doubling of the left kidney is a phenomenon considered the most common variant of anatomy. It has a predominance in women and an estimated prevalence ranging from 0.3% to 6% of the population. Diagnosis is important for surgical planning and long-term follow-up.

Kidney duplication is a congenital pathology, which is characterized by complete or partial duplication of the main organ of the urinary system

When one ureteric bud bifurcates before the ampulla bifurcates, a duplex kidney occurs with a bifida renal pelvis or bifida ureter. If 2 ureteric buds arise from the mesonephric duct, a double kidney appears with complete elongation of the ureter. The Committee on Terminology, Nomenclature, and Classification of the Section of Urology of the American Academy of Pediatrics suggests using the following terms to refer to dual collection systems:

1. Double kidney. A double kidney has one renal parenchyma, which is fused by two pyelocalyceal systems.
2. Upper or lower pole - the poles are one of the components of the double kidney.
3. Duplicate system - the kidney has 2 PCLs and is connected to one ureter or to the bifida ureter (partial duplication) or, in the case of complete duplication, to two ureters (double ureters), which drain separately into the ureter.
4. Bifid system. Two PLS are connected at the ureter-like junction (bifid pelvis) or 2 ureters are joined before draining into the bladder (bifid ureters).
5. Double ureters – two ureters open separately in the renal pelvis and drain separately into the bladder or reproductive tract.
6. Upper and lower pole ureters. The superior and inferior poles of the ureters join the superior and inferior poles of the kidneys, respectively.

The patient's double kidney is almost always more elongated than the second. The kidney may be enlarged with hydronephrosis and may be associated with rotational abnormalities. Excretory urographic findings are almost always diagnosed. Difficulties can arise when a function is bad or missing in one of the parts.

Magnetic resonance (MR) urography can be used as a primary diagnostic modality to evaluate duplex ectopic ureter as well as complications associated with duplicate kidneys. Spatial resolution is the limiting factor. The availability of MRI is limited, the procedure is expensive and requires sedation for claustrophobic patients. However, MR urography is an extremely useful modality in patients who are likely to have an adverse reaction to radiocontrast agents.

If ureteral reflux exists, the presence of an ectopic ureter in a nonfunctioning fragment is best demonstrated using urethral urea.

Antegrade pyelography is useful in patients with hydronephrosis to demonstrate the presence of a second ureter and determine the level of urethral termination.

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans are superior to ultrasound and excretory urography in diagnosing the defective organ. On excretory urography, an obstructed, nonfunctioning upper or lower pole may mimic a renal mass. In CT scanning, a large Bertin column can simulate a double collection system. However, CT scanning is valuable in the evaluation of intravesical ureterocele, either orthotopic or ectopic.

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans are superior to ultrasound and excretory urography in diagnosing the defective organ

Ultrasonography is a non-invasive and extremely useful test, especially in children. The ultrasonographic appearance of a duplex kidney is specific but not sensitive. Ultrasonographic findings provide excellent anatomical information but do not necessarily differentiate a bifid renal pelvis from a biphasic ureter or from 2 complete ureters.

Scintigraphy is useful in assessing relative renal function and in detecting renal scars. Scintigraphy may reveal differential functioning. However, if functioning is noticeably suppressed, imaging is limited.

Plain radiography does not make a significant contribution to diagnosis. Plain radiographs may demonstrate a renal mass, which is a nonspecific finding. However, since a patient's duplicate kidney is almost always a second kidney, a renal mass may appear on plain radiographs. A hydronephrotic upper or lower pole in a dual collection system may also be observed as a renal mass.

Arteriography is an invasive procedure and is no longer used to diagnose dual renal systems. However, sometimes it can be useful when planning nephronomia surgery.

Radionuclide imaging

Twin buds appear as two separate collection systems on one side of the body. Scintigraphy may demonstrate ureteral reflux in a nonfunctional duplex kidney with ureteral elongation.

The presence of duplex renal and duplex ureter suggested by excretory urographic or ultrasonographic imaging results can be confirmed by scintigraphy. The use of dimethylsuccinic acid (DMSA) scanning to assess parenchymal function in the duplex kidney is of great importance for its management.

Reflux of activity from the bladder may mimic cortical function in a nonfunctioning fragment. When a DMSA scan is to be obtained in a child with possible reflux, it is recommended that catheterization be performed prior to the study and images taken before DMSA appears in the collection system.

Ultrasonography

A double kidney appears as two central echo complexes with intervening renal parenchyma. Hydronephrosis at one pole indicates incomplete duplication of the kidney. Although hydronephrosis can occur at either pole, it is more common at the superior pole. Sometimes two different collection systems and ureters can be observed on ultrasound images.

The ultrasonographic appearance of a duplex kidney is specific but not sensitive. It is difficult to differentiate the atrophied lower pole part of the double kidney from other kidneys.

Kidney duplication is a congenital pathology, which in most cases is observed in girls and is often unilateral. The reasons for this phenomenon are very different. The duplication of the kidney begins to form and develop in the child while still in the womb.

What it is?

The kidneys in the human body are a paired organ. They perform the function of removing toxins from the body. Everyone knows about this. But not everyone has heard that kidney doubling occurs. What it is? This is the division of an organ into two halves, fused at the poles. Each part is equipped with its own blood supply system. Externally, such a kidney is much larger in size. The development of pathology occurs during intrauterine development.

Symptoms

Kidney duplication does not manifest itself in any way. It does not need to be treated until it causes some other disease in this organ. Signs of kidney duplication vary. Typically, inflammatory processes are characterized by:

• Increasing temperature.
• Weakness and swelling.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Regular headaches.
• Increased pressure.
• Cloudy urine.
• Reverse flow of urine.
• Discomfort and pain in the lumbar region.
• Urinary incontinence.
• Unpleasant sensations when urinating.
• Renal colic.
• The occurrence of infection in the urinary canal.

Whether all signs appear at once or each one separately will depend on the disease.

Treatment

Kidney duplication is characterized by complete or incomplete division of the organ into two parts. If it doesn't bother the person, nothing needs to be done. It is enough to lead a healthy lifestyle and undergo regular preventive examinations. This pathology provokes inflammatory processes in the kidney when it completely doubles. Even in this case, there is no point in doing a complex operation to correct the defect. It may not cause trouble to a person throughout his life.

Therapeutic treatment is usually used when diagnosing some serious disease, for example, pyelonephritis, if it was caused by this anomaly. When the disease becomes chronic and cannot be treated using conservative methods, then they resort to surgical intervention, which is aimed at correcting the cause that caused the complication. But they always try to save the kidney. It is removed only when it has completely lost its functionality.

Prevention

If during the examination a doubling of the kidney is discovered, there is no need to panic. This diagnosis is not fatal. When the pathology of an organ does not bother you, it will not affect a person’s quality of life in any way. You need to take a closer look at your health:

• Give up bad habits, if any: stop drinking, smoking, taking drugs.
• Change your job if it involves toxic chemicals.
• Urgently switch to a properly balanced diet.
• Strictly monitor the work and rest schedule.

If one of your relatives has a doubling of the kidney, what it is is known to the whole family. Therefore, when a woman from your family is bearing a child, you need to treat this period with double attention. The child in the womb must develop, receiving the necessary vitamins. A woman is obliged to take care of her health and not take alcohol, drugs, or medications that can cause poisoning to the child.