Disorders, urinary infections in children, causes, symptoms and treatment. What does dysuria look like, what are its symptoms? The most common methods include

Various diseases kidney disease is a very common occurrence in modern world. Crazy rhythm of life poor nutrition, hypothermia and stress provoke pathologies of the urinary system.

One of these diseases is dysuria. This is, rather, not a disease, but a syndrome in which difficulty urinating occurs. What kind of syndrome is dysuria, we will consider in more detail later in the article.

The essence of the disease and its forms

Dysuria is a disorder of the urination process, manifested in painful urination, spontaneous release of urine, insufficient emptying bladder.

This term means all problems with urine drainage. ICD 10 code - R 30.0. The disease occurs in men, women and children at any age.

Pathology manifests itself V following forms :

. Involuntary, uncontrolled release of urine without urge is divided into true and false.
Pollakiuria. Increased excretion of urine in small portions. It can be constant, daytime or nighttime.
. Unexpected release of urine after the urge.
Strangury. Difficulty urinating, accompanied by pain and a feeling of discomfort complete emptying bladder.
Ishuria. Inability to independently drain urine.
Painful urination.

Dysuric syndrome is accompanied by others pathological manifestations: fever, pain in the urinary organs, pain in the lower abdomen, cloudy urine.

Causes of the disease

The causes of dysuria are common to men and women. Also, representatives of both sexes have specific reasons diseases.

General:

Specific causes of male dysuria are: tumors, tumors urethra, phimosis.

Causes of female dysuria: pregnancy, natural childbirth, menopause, genital tumors, uterine prolapse, endometriosis.

In children involuntary urination in the absence of diseases up to 5 years is considered the norm.

At an older age, the reasons may be:

tumors in the pelvis;
phimosis;
infections;
tuberculosis genitourinary system;
neurological causes (stress, fear).

Characteristic symptoms of dysuric disorder

Symptoms of the disease pronounced and are characteristic of men and women:

Women may additionally experience pain and cramping in the genital area and lower abdomen.

The appearance of at least one of the listed symptoms - serious reason consult a doctor.

How is the disease diagnosed?

To diagnose pathology, a number of laboratory and instrumental studies are carried out.

First, the doctor interviews the patient about previous and existing diseases and injuries. Then they find out what symptoms the patient has and how long ago they appeared. Women must pass gynecological examination to exclude tumors of the pelvic organs and endometriosis. In some cases it is shown consultation with a neurologist.

Then the necessary tests are prescribed:

General blood and urine analysis.
Biochemical blood test.
Urine analysis with sediment microscopy.
. Identifies the causative agent of the inflammatory process in the genitourinary system.

Mandatory instrumental research:

Using these methods, stones are detected, structural changes organs.

Additionally apply:

Urethroscopy in men and cystoscopy in women, i.e. insertion of a sensor through the urethra for examination from the inside.
Complex urodynamic study (CUDI) - attaching sensors to the skin of the perineum. Determine the functions of the urinary organs.

How to treat?

Treatment of the disease should be approached with full responsibility and started immediately. Since the disease is a consequence serious illnesses, it can significantly worsen a person’s quality of life.

The disease will progress to chronic form, irreversible changes will occur.

Treatment of the pathology depends on the cause that provoked it. Conservative and surgical treatment. Conservative treatment includes:

Taking antibiotics, antifungals and antiviral drugs with bacterial dysuria.
Hormonal therapy for endometriosis and menopause in women.
Reception sedatives, psychotherapy if the disease is caused by stress.
Taking medications that relax the muscles of the bladder walls.
Physiotherapy to stimulate muscles and restore their functions.
to strengthen the muscles of the perineum.
Set a bladder emptying schedule to get into the habit of voiding regularly.
Compliance with diet and drinking regime for diabetes and kidney disease.

Surgical methods:

Prevention

Prevention of the disease is simple, helps prevent causes, subsequently causing dysuric syndrome:

Treatment of viral diseases.
Preventing injuries.
Performing Kegel exercises for women to strengthen the perineal muscles.
Take medications only as prescribed by a doctor.
Avoiding stress.
Regular gynecological and urological examinations.
Analysis of hormone levels during menopause in women.
Maintaining a diet for diabetes and kidney disease.

Treatment of dysuria is long and complex process. At timely diagnosis and a correctly drawn up treatment plan, it is possible to achieve impressive results and return the patient to a full life.

The doctor will talk about the problem of urinary incontinence in women as a dysuric disorder and its solution in the video:

Dysuria – medical term widely applicable in urology, which indicates various diseases genitourinary and other body systems.

Dysuria is a collective concept in medicine that includes any urinary disorders. May be accompanied painful sensations, frequent/rare urination, feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder, false urges, incontinence. According to modern statistics, the frequency of dysuric phenomena in the female population is greater than in the male population. This is due to the structural features of the female genitourinary system. Dysuria in children occurs equally often among girls and boys.

Reasons for the development of dysuria

Dysuria is not independent disease, but only a symptom of physiological or pathological condition body. Its main causes include physiological and pathological factors. Among physiological reasons emit stress, overwork, pregnancy, menopause in women, hypothermia, individual reaction body to change diet or physical activity, alcohol intoxication, in older people - weakness of the pelvic muscles.

TO pathological reasons include the following:

various diseases of the urinary system (nephritis, nephrosclerosis, tubulopathies, cystitis, urethritis, stones, malformations, neoplasms);
gynecological/andrological diseases (vulvitis, cervicitis, endometriosis, ureaplasmosis, chlamydia, tumors, malformations);
diseases nervous system(damage to the central nervous system, disruption of the innervation of the pelvic organs);
metabolic diseases ( diabetes mellitus, obesity);
surgical interventions performed;
taking some medicines(diuretics, caffeine can increase diuresis; antidepressants, calcium antagonists, beta-agonists can cause fluid retention).

Symptoms of dysuria

Despite different reasons urination disorders, the main symptoms in patients with this condition can be identified:

painful sensations when urinating;
frequent urge, urine output in small quantities;
involuntary urination;
feeling of insufficient emptying;
Difficulty urinating, you can learn about the causes of this condition in men.

Other symptoms include

itching along the way urinary tract;
burning in the urethra during urination;
pathological discharge from the genital tract;
pain in the pubic area, lower abdomen and lower back;
deterioration of health, high temperature bodies.

Combination of basic and additional symptoms indicates a severe course of the disease.

Forms of dysuria

Due to various mechanisms development of dysuric phenomena, they can be divided into three main groups: violation of accumulation, excretion of urine, their combination.

If the accumulation of urine is impaired, an increase in urination is observed more than 8 times during the day (pollakiuria). It is divided into two forms: daytime (with urolithiasis) and night (more often in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia). The second form is associated with an enlargement of the gland as a result of increased blood flow to the pelvic organs at night.

Ischuria is manifested by the inability to urinate independently. There are neurogenic (smooth muscle spasms) and mechanical (presence of an obstruction along the outflow of urine - tumor, stone). The most dangerous is acute urinary retention, which occurs against the background of complete well-being and is accompanied by fever and chills. As a complication of this process, kidney failure may occur.

Urinary retention can be chronic. The patient's condition worsens gradually, visiting the toilet does not cause discomfort, but a certain amount of urine remains in the bladder after urination. One of the reasons for this is a mechanical obstacle to the normal outflow of urine.

Strangury is difficulty urinating with unpleasant sensations, a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder. Among the reasons for the development of this condition, the most significant are prostate adenoma (difficulty urinating in the morning), urolithiasis, and neurological disorders.

Pain during urination accompanies many diseases of the genitourinary system and is often of inflammatory origin. With cystitis, pain is observed at the end of urination. Pain at the beginning of urination may occur with damage collecting system kidney

Incontinence is a condition in which urine is released involuntarily, without urge. There is a truth (through natural ways) and false (through pathological openings or defects in the walls of the urinary tract) incontinence. In turn, it is divided into imperative, stressful, and night.

Urge incontinence is characterized by an extremely strong desire to go to the toilet.

This condition can develop with an overactive bladder or the presence of acute inflammatory processes V lower parts urinary tract (urethra, bladder).

The basis is weakness of the sphincter and perineal muscles. More often, involuntary urination develops in older women and is associated with prolapse of the vaginal wall, previous pathological birth, and during menopause and menopause - with impaired estrogen formation. This type delivers great discomfort sick, as tension in the abdominal muscles and increased pressure in abdominal cavity cause urination not only when lifting heavy objects, but during coughing and laughter.

Bedwetting (enuresis) – urination during sleep. The causes of this phenomenon are stress, detrusor overactivity, a “small” bladder, developmental anomalies, untreated pathology of the genitourinary system, side effect or high doses medications.

Features of dysuria in childhood

Cases of “wet” nights in babies are not uncommon. This should not cause much concern for parents. This condition is considered normal for children under 5 years of age - by this time the formation of conditioned reflex. But if similar conditions Difficulty urinating/pain has become more frequent or has become more frequent, this may indicate some kind of inflammatory process and is a reason to go to the doctor.

Diagnostics

Dysuric disorders are a symptom of many diseases, so it is necessary to take a comprehensive approach to their diagnosis. A thorough collection of complaints, medical history and physical examination help the doctor move in the right direction and choose the optimal treatment tactics.

Required research:

blood tests (general, biochemical tests);
urine on general analysis, bacteriological examination, analysis according to Nechiporenko;
Ultrasound of organs - kidneys and pelvis (search for pathology of the urinary system);
cystoscopy ( visual inspection bladder walls);
intravenous pyelography (used for diagnostic search stones, neoplasms, narrowing/expansion, malformations);
isotope uroflowmetry (used to study the characteristics of the jet);
consultations narrow specialists– urologist, gynecologist.

In men with suspected diseases prostate gland carried out finger examination prostate, determination of prostate-specific antigen, ultrasound of the gland.

Treatment

For optimal selection of therapy, it is necessary to know exactly the cause of dysuria. Treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a physician to avoid complications or chronicity of the process. The main goals of treatment are

elimination of the etiological factor;
improving the patient's well-being (remove pain syndrome, discomfort, altered urination).

Preference is given conservative methods treatment. During the inflammatory process, antibacterial, antiviral or antifungal drugs depending on the causative agent of the disease. It is important to develop a toileting plan drinking regime, diet (chocolate, citrus fruits, raisins, nuts, coffee/tea, cheeses are excluded).

If complications develop and conservative therapy is impossible, use surgical methods. Treatment operationally indicated in the following cases:

neoplasms of the urinary system;
urolithiasis;
formation of fistula tracts;
organ prolapse;
formation of an artificial urethral sphincter.

There is no need to hesitate, putting off visiting a doctor until later! Problems with urination can lead to irreversible processes, joining additional diseases, development of complications, high moral and material costs.

Dysuria is a general term for the process of impaired bladder emptying. This is not a disease, but a symptom of a functional or organic disorder in the work of organs urinary system. Dysuria can appear in both adult women and men, and in children different years. More often the disease occurs in older people during periods hormonal changes. Dysuria has large number symptoms, including difficulty passing urine, rare or frequent urination.

Classification and forms of manifestation of dysuria

Duziria is classified according to:

disruption of the mechanism of urine accumulation;
difficulty passing urine;
combined disorder.

The development of dysuria can manifest itself in different forms:

Pollakiuria. Urination becomes frequent. Pollakiuria is classified depending on the time of day (day or night).
Enuresis. Constant urinary incontinence without prior desire to void, which is uncontrollable.
Strangury. Emptying occurs with great difficulty, the patient experiences nagging pain and a feeling of incomplete emptying process.
Ishuria. Inability to go to the toilet on your own.
Painful release of the bladder. A condition that often accompanies diseases of urology and gynecology.
Incontinence. Uncontrolled release of urine after a sudden urge to empty the bladder.

Research physiological work bladder showed that objective indicators of normal urination are:

the bladder fills within 2-5 hours;
Normally, emptying occurs 3-6 times, most often during the day;
the process of urination lasts no more than 20 seconds;
The rate of urine excretion in women is up to 20-25 ml per second, and in men - up to 15-25 ml.

Based on these data and diagnostic results, the development of dysuria is established.

Manifestations of dysuria disorders

Irregularities at work urinary system may occur as a result pathological processes in the lower urinary tract, as well as due to a violation of regulatory function.

The most commonly observed symptoms are:

frequent urge to urinate;
difficulty passing urine;
a feeling of pain, burning or cutting in the urethra;
problems holding urine;
constantly going to the toilet at night;
accumulation of urine in the bladder, which leads to pain above the pubis.

The causes of these disorders are divided into several categories and are associated with different diseases:

Dysuria in men

The most common cause of dysuria in males is compression of the prostate gland in the urethra. Constant desire going to the toilet may be the first sign of prostate problems.

Urinary excretion becomes difficult. It comes out in a thin stream, which is interrupted, and if the disease is advanced, then the urine comes out drop by drop. Urine is not released as intensively, sluggishly, at first the process is accompanied by pain, and later urination becomes longer in time. After the process is completed, there is no feeling of complete emptying of the bladder.

Another reason for difficulty in passing urine may be the formation of a tumor in the urinary canal, the formation of stones in the urinary tract, and a decrease in the internal lumen of the canal.

Female dysuria

In women, dysuria develops as a result of prolapse, prolapse of the uterus, pregnancy, the threshold of menopause or its onset, inflammation of the genital organs. This also includes endometriosis - the lining of the uterus extends beyond its boundaries, causing cysts to form.

Women should visit a doctor if the following symptoms appear:

urination began to occur longer than usual;
the stream of urine bifurcates or weakens, pours vertically downwards;
urine began to spray.

Manifestations of dysuria in a child

Children usually suffer from acute dysuria resulting from illness infectious nature, hypothermia, acute cystitis and phimosis. Dysuria is often accompanied by urinary tract infections; bacteria can penetrate the external genitalia and cause the development of the disease.

The disease can be caused by tuberculosis, the formation of tumors in the genital organs, which requires urgent treatment. The diagnosis is confirmed by complaints of difficulty urinating and identification of test deviations from the norm.

Symptoms of dysuric disorder

Symptoms depend on the process and type of disturbance in the process of urine excretion. They are divided into 3 groups:

Frequent trips to the toilet daytime, nocturia, difficulty holding urine, uncontrolled urine output at night, constant incontinence due to stress.
The stream becomes weak, splashes or splits into several streams, difficulties arise with the beginning of urine output, dripping, discomfort during urination.
After emptying, there is no feeling of completion of the urination process; dripping is observed after going to the toilet.

Some symptoms are accompanied by pain and burning.

Methods for diagnosing dysuric disorder

Although dysuria is not separate disease, its occurrence causes discomfort to a person and disrupts the usual rhythm of life. That is why it is important to promptly identify the cause of this disorder and prescribe the correct treatment.

The diagnostic complex includes:

a visit to a urologist (for women - a gynecological office), if urgently necessary - a visit to a neurologist;
blood test;
urine analysis with sediment microscopy;
if bacteriuria is detected, a bacterial culture test is performed;
intravenous pyelography;
urine analysis according to Nechiporenko.

Treatment of dysuria

The course of treatment depends entirely on the real reason diseases. Some forms of the disease must be treated with daily special exercises, diet, controlled water consumption, and adherence to a urinary emptying plan.

If an inflammatory process is present, a course is prescribed antibacterial agents, antiviral or antifungal agents, special medications for the treatment of tuberculosis and genital infections.

Surgery is necessary when mechanical damage, fistulas or adhesions. The resulting tumors can be cured with radiation therapy.

As soon as the first signs of dysuria appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. The specialist will make a diagnosis and prescribe a course of treatment. Sometimes it is done using folk remedies. But it is undesirable to treat yourself, as this can lead to aggravation of the disease and only intensify unpleasant symptoms.

Dysuria or dysuric disorder is a term that combines a group of symptoms and clinically manifested abnormalities that are associated with disorders in natural process urination. These may include difficult, or excessive, incontinence or urinary retention in the body. In addition to frequently occurring signs, there may also be individual, rarer, little-known cases with separate symptoms.

Urological and nephrological factors. Dysuria is most typical for infections or tumors of the urinary system: kidneys, bladder, ureters and urinary canals; observed with the appearance of scars on the walls of the bladder.
Gynecological and andrological factors. Urinary disorder can be caused by diseases of the prostate gland, inflammatory processes, infections, or genital organs caused by weakening muscle tissue in the crotch. Symptoms in women are also observed during pregnancy, premenstrual or menopausal syndrome.
Endocrine factors. Dysuric syndrome can occur with diabetes and diabetes insipidus and other endocrine diseases.
Neurological factors. Neurological dysuria usually occurs with severe nervous shock, regular stress, chronic fatigue and degenerative diseases central nervous system. The effects of alcohol and other narcotic substances can also provoke dysuric phenomena.
Physiological factors. Urinary disorder can be either temporary (during rehabilitation after injuries or operations) or permanent (due to chronic diseases, birth defects development or acquired defects in the structure of the organs of the genitourinary system).

Classification

Characterized by rapid and often painful urination. Most often observed in patients with acute form and urolithiasis, also similar symptoms in men are observed with ( benign neoplasm on the tissues of the prostate gland, often occurring in men after 40 years). In women, frequent urination may occur as a result gynecological diseases. With pollakiuria, the number of urges to urinate during the day can reach 8 or more times.

More often expressed as a symptom of an obstruction to the outflow of urine, which is possible with prostate adenoma or cancer, or (narrowing of the opening foreskin). However, this disorder can also occur with deformities or neurological changes in the structure of the muscular wall of the bladder.

Chronic.

This form of dysuria can be caused by decompensation of the bladder wall, which in turn is also a complication after prolonged difficulty in the act of emptying. In the first stages, urination occurs quite often, but in small portions, then, as decompensation develops, the remains of unremoved urine begin to linger and accumulate in the bladder cavity.

If the cause of the pathology is not identified and eliminated in time, the volume of accumulated fluid increases, which can cause chronic difficulty urinating. Such an outcome is fraught severe violation muscle tone of the bladder, and then the function of its sphincter, which inevitably entails complete absence ability to urinate independently.

Next comes a condition in which urine begins to flow out involuntarily due to the overflow of the bladder, namely - paradoxical ischuria. Such a complex urination disorder in men occurs in extremely advanced stages of prostate adenoma or in cases of severe damage to the central nervous system.

Unlike chronic delay, this form dysuria can occur completely spontaneously and is one of the emergency conditions. The cause of this disorder may be large sizes a stone in the bladder or ureter that interferes with the process of emptying, injury or narrowing of the urethra, as well as acute prostatitis.

Among other things, such consequences can be caused by factors such as taking excessive amounts of diuretics, alcohol, spicy foods nutrition, surgical operations on the abdominal organs or sedentary lifestyle life.

Incontinence is conventionally divided into true (uncontrolled release of urine through the urethra) and false (exit of fluid through birth defects in the urinary system). In addition, with infections of the bladder or ureter, urine can enter the body through fistulas or ruptures.

True incontinence is often a consequence of a violation of the basic functions of the sphincter or detrusor (muscular membrane) of the bladder and urethra.

Doctors also distinguish between urgent (or imperative) and stress urinary incontinence.

Urge incontinence may be one of the symptoms of an overactive bladder or acute form inflammation of one of the organs of the urinary system. It is characterized by excessive activity of the bladder wall and is expressed mainly by a strong, uncontrollable urge to urinate.
Stress incontinence is a sign of loss of muscle tone pelvic floor and the sphincter of the bladder. This form of disorder can appear in women during menopause due to hormonal imbalance or in old age due to prolapse of the anterior vaginal wall. Characterized by involuntary release of urine during sudden movements, fast walking, sneezing, coughing, lifting heavy objects, etc.

A separate type of incontinence is (involuntary night urination), which is a consequence of the lack of a developed conditioned reflex that suppresses the urge to empty the bladder during sleep. May occur in children, most often boys, and usually resolves completely without drug intervention to the onset of puberty.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of dysuria is aimed primarily at identifying the form and severity of the disorder, and, naturally, the true root cause of the symptoms. To begin with, specialists conduct a detailed survey of the patient in order to maximally clarify the duration, frequency and severity of symptoms of the disease, as well as make a preliminary diagnosis. After systematizing complaints and general examination The patient is prescribed the following tests:

(to establish the likelihood of inflammatory processes in the organs of the urinary system).
(to detect possible infectious agents, affecting organs urinary system).
ultrasound examination of the genitourinary system (to determine the presence or absence of congenital and acquired pathologies, defects and deformations).
(allows you to obtain images of the bladder in different projections to study the processes or changes occurring in it).

Women need to undergo a full gynecological examination in order to detect possible inflammatory or infectious diseases genitals.

At high probability neurological disorders, patients are prescribed magnetic resonance imaging or (MRI or CT).

Treatment

The main thing in the treatment of urinary disorders in women and men is to eliminate the root cause, that is, the disease that caused dysfunction of the bladder or urethra (urethra).

When infections or inflammatory processes are detected, it is usually prescribed special diet, recovery measures water balance in the body and elimination pain, if necessary, therapy with anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral drugs.

If we're talking about about benign or malignant neoplasms, pathologies and deformities, then surgical intervention may be indicated:

surgery to eliminate the tumor;
interstitial injections;
operations to correct the location and fixation of the bladder;
creation of an artificial sphincter;
operations to correct or correct developmental defects of the genitourinary system.

TO conservative methods Treatments for dysuria in women and men include:

physical exercise or electrical stimulation to strengthen the muscles of the perineum and pelvic floor.
a special diet that excludes foods that irritate the flora of the bladder.
developing bladder continence by establishing a voiding schedule.
sedatives or sedatives(for disorders associated with stress and nervous shock).
stimulants, regulators that normalize the functioning of the urinary system.
hormonal therapy (for incontinence in women during menopause).
the use of devices to support or retain the organs of the genitourinary system in the pelvis.

Prevention

To avoid urinary disorders, you should carefully monitor the condition of the urinary and reproductive systems, and promptly apply all measures to cure inflammatory, infectious and viral diseases.

It is important to control body weight, give preference active image life, avoid hypothermia and do not forget about mandatory personal hygiene.

In order to be guaranteed to avoid complications and nervous shock associated with them, if any symptoms of the disease appear, do not hesitate and contact a specialist.

Description:

Difficulty or increased frequency of urination.

Symptoms:

Disorders of urination (dysuria) are characteristic, as a rule, of diseases of the lower urinary tract (bladder, prostate, urethra) and there are two main types - frequent and difficult, the latter is often accompanied by urinary retention.

Frequent urination (pollakiuria) can be a physiological condition or be a consequence of non-urological and urological diseases.

With an average diuresis of 1500 ml and a normal bladder capacity of 250-300 ml in healthy individuals, urination occurs 4-5 times during the day and 1 time at night. Increasing its frequency with drinking plenty of fluids, cooling or excitement is considered a physiological phenomenon.

In diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus, frequent urination is accompanied by a normal or increased volume of urine excreted.

Increased frequency repeatedly within an hour, in small portions, of varying intensity, independent of the time of day, occurs when acute cystitis. However, in some diseases, pollakiuria changes its rhythm. Thus, in patients with prostatic hyperplasia, urination is frequent mainly at night (nocturnal pollakiuria), which is caused by irritation of the sphincter due to the rush of blood to the pelvic organs during sleep and an increase in the volume of the gland. With a bladder stone, on the contrary, urination at night is not frequent, but during the day, when the patient moves and the stone, moving, irritates nerve endings mucous membrane, it is increased. Pollakiuria is often observed in women with prolapse of the anterior vaginal wall, bending or tumor of the uterus and is associated with circulatory disorders in the area of the bladder neck.

Difficulty urinating (strangury) usually occurs when there is an obstruction to the outflow of urine - prostate hyperplasia and cancer, stricture, stone or tumor of the urethra, narrowing of the foreskin (phimosis), tumor of the bladder neck. However, it can also occur in its absence due to diseases or injuries of the brain or spinal cord. Depending on the nature of the lesion, the stream of urine becomes thinner, its intensity decreases, and the act of urination lengthens. The patient has to push, tensing the abdominal muscles, and wait for the start of urination. In this case, the stream of urine is thin, sluggish, often does not describe an arc, and falls vertically down. In advanced cases of the disease, urine is released drop by drop.

To overcome difficulty urinating, hypertrophy of the bladder muscle (detrusor) first occurs, and contractions of the abdominal and perineal muscles intensify. Urination becomes multi-act - the patient releases part of the urine, then after a while he strains again and removes the next portion, etc. With the help of these actions, at first he completely empties the bladder (compensated bladder). However, at a certain stage of the disease he cannot do this (decompensated bladder) - residual urine appears, the amount of which gradually increases and can reach 1.5 liters or more, i.e. chronic delay urination (ischuria).

Unlike chronic urinary retention, which develops gradually, acute urinary retention occurs suddenly and is expressed in the inability to empty the bladder, despite its sudden overflow. The most common causes are prostatic hyperplasia, posterior urethral stone, acute stone, trauma, and much less frequently - surgery on the pelvic organs, emotional factor, etc. It is promoted by a rush of blood to the hyperplastic prostate gland with constipation or diarrhea, exacerbation, overdistension of the bladder during intoxication.

In women, chronic urinary retention is more often observed due to a tumor of the genital organs or urethra and is associated with compression of the urethra.

In children, acute or chronic urinary retention occurs with phimosis and acute cystitis, when the child refrains from urinating due to pain.

It is necessary to differentiate ischuria from due to the symptom common to these concepts - lack of independent urination. It should be remembered that with ischuria, the bladder is full, there is an urge to urinate, but the patient cannot urinate; With anuria, the bladder is empty and there is no urge to urinate.
- a condition in which involuntary leakage of urine occurs through the urethra (true incontinence) or other canals (false incontinence) and can be determined visually. The main causes of true incontinence are dysfunction of the detrusor and urethral sphincter, as well as overstretching of the bladder, false - birth defects of the ureter, bladder and urethra, genitourinary or urinary.

There are several main types of true urinary incontinence - imperative, stress, overflow, nocturnal.

Imperative (urgent) incontinence is the release of urine in different quantities through the urethra at the height of an uncontrollable imperative (imperative) urge to urinate. At this moment, these patients have the feeling that urination is about to begin and any delay may result in urinary incontinence. It can be observed with inflammation of the bladder, especially the neck, posterior urethra and prostate gland, as well as hyperplasia of the latter. The most common cause of urge urinary incontinence is detrusor overactivity.

Stress (stress) incontinence is the involuntary release of urine through the urethra when coughing, sneezing, lifting weights, etc. It is caused by an increase in intra-abdominal and intravesical pressure in patients with insufficiency (weakness) of the urethral sphincter and pelvic floor muscles. It is observed in cases of injury and tumor of the spinal cord, myelitis, after operations on the rectum, hysterectomy, transurethral endoscopic manipulations, etc. In men, stress urinary incontinence is most often observed after adenomectomy or, which is associated with damage to the urethral sphincter. It can be constant or occur with minimal stress, for example, a change in body position from horizontal to vertical. In women one of common reasons stress urinary incontinence is the displacement of the urethra and bladder neck during tension with the lowered anterior vaginal wall, as well as in menopause due to estrogen deficiency.

Urinary incontinence from overflow (paradoxical ischuria) is the involuntary flow of urine through the urethra as a result of overflow and passive overdistension of the bladder. There is no spontaneous urination and urine is constantly released drop by drop through the urethra to the outside from an extremely full, overstretched, decompensated, atonic bladder, which is due to a significant excess of intravesical pressure over the urethral one. Typically, paradoxical ischuria develops with bladder outlet obstruction of any origin, but more often with hyperplasia and prostate cancer, urethral stricture. May be due to neurological pathology eg: diabetic neuropathy, multiple sclerosis or damage sacral region spinal cord, denervation of the bladder during traumatic surgery on the pelvic organs.

Causes:

Depends on the underlying disease.

Treatment:

For treatment the following is prescribed:

The underlying disease is treated.