The main secrets of the Romanov dynasty. Royal blood: how the youngest descendants of the Romanovs live

"Dynastic" disputes within the modern monarchical movement in Russia are formally based on different interpretations of a number of historical facts from the point of view of their compliance with the legislation of the Russian Empire.

The law on succession to the throne was first issued in Russia by Emperor Paul I in 1797 (before that, either the eldest son of the previous sovereign or the person named by him as heir in the will was considered the legal heir to the throne). With some additions (introduced, in particular, in 1820), the law of 1797 was in force until the fall of the monarchy in 1917.

The legitimate heir to the throne must satisfy several rules, one of which is descent from an “equal marriage”, included in the Succession Act in 1820 on the Austrian model. In this case, the heir to the throne must be or become Orthodox (currently, of the possible foreign contenders for the legacy of the House of Romanov, only Serbian, Bulgarian, Romanian and Greek princes are Orthodox; German, Spanish and English - naturally, are Catholics or Protestants). Princess Sophia of Greece had rights to the Russian throne before her conversion to Catholicism and marriage to Juan Carlos of Spain; her rights passed to her and Juan Carlos's children and grandchildren - theoretically, they could receive the Russian throne, subject to conversion to Orthodoxy and renunciation of rights to the Spanish crown.

Monarchists who support strict adherence to the Law of Succession to the Throne are called legitimists.

Unlike legitimists, conciliar monarchists - supporters of the election of a tsar at the All-Russian Zemstvo Council - believe that conditions in the country have changed so much that it is no longer possible to strictly follow all imperial laws. In their opinion, it is necessary to return to a tradition more ancient than post-Petrine legislation - namely, the Zemsky Sobor, which can decide which of the laws of the Russian Empire (including legislation related to issues of succession to the throne) must be observed at all costs, and which ones can be ignored or corrected. The most radical individuals even allow the choice of a new dynasty (the proposed options: the offspring of Rurik, the grandson of Stalin, the grandson of Marshal Zhukov), but the majority still recognizes the Council oath of 1613 to the House of Romanov and is inclined to exclude, first of all, the rule of descent from an equal marriage (as “alien to the Russian tradition” and - most importantly - undermining the rights of all or almost all possible non-foreign applicants), as well as to the consideration at the Zemsky Sobor of the preferable rights and human qualities of the descendants of the Romanov family, including descendants from unequal marriages.

Among the possible candidates, Tikhon and Guriy of Kulikovsky (sons of Nicholas II’s sister Olga) were most often called “conciliators” in former times. However, Tikhon Kulikovsky died on April 8, 1993, and even earlier, in the 80s, his brother Gury died.

ROMANOVA Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess, head of the Imperial House of Romanov, locum tenens of the Russian throne

Great-great-granddaughter of Alexander II. Her father, Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich (1917-1992) - the son of Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich (1876-1938) and cousin of Nicholas II - headed the Russian imperial house for 54 years and was considered by legitimist monarchists as the locum tenens of the throne. Grandfather - Kirill Vladimirovich - in 1922 declared himself locum tenens to the throne, and in 1924 accepted the title of Emperor of All Russia ("Kirill I"). In 1905, Kirill Vladimirovich, against the will of Nicholas II, married his cousin Princess Victoria-Melita (1878-1936), who in her first marriage was married (in 1894-1903) to Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt - native brother of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, wife of Nicholas II. After a divorce (due to the “unnatural inclinations of the Duke,” which were not known before the marriage), Victoria-Melita married Cyril in 1905. The marriage of Kirill and Victoria was not recognized by Nicholas at first and was legalized by a royal decree only in 1907, after the birth of their first daughter, Maria.

Maria Vladimirovna's mother - Grand Duchess Leonida Georgievna (1914), née Princess Bagrationi-Mukhrani, belongs to the Georgian royal house, was married to Vladimir Kirillovich for her second marriage (her first husband was an American businessman of Scottish origin, Sumner Moore Kirby, who participated in the French Resistance and died in German concentration camp in 1945).

Maria Vladimirovna grew up in France and studied at Oxford. On December 23, 1969, the day she came of age, the head of the imperial house, Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich, published an “Appeal” in which he declared her guardian of the throne. At this moment, seven male members of the dynasty remained alive (aged from 55 to 73 years), who had the right to inherit the throne in the event of the death of Vladimir Kirillovich, but, as stated in the “Appeal,” all of them “are in morganatic marriages and .. ... it can hardly be assumed that any of Them, taking into account Their age, will be able to enter into a new equal marriage, much less have offspring who would have the right of succession to the throne.” Accordingly, it was announced that after their death the inheritance would pass to Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna.

In 1976, she married Franz Wilhelm of Hohenzollern, Prince of Prussia (son of Prince Charles Franz Joseph of Prussia, grandson of Prince Joachim and, accordingly, great-grandson of German Emperor Wilhelm II). The wedding took place after the prince adopted Orthodoxy; At a wedding in a Madrid Orthodox church, Franz Wilhelm was proclaimed “Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich.”

After the death in 1989 of the last of the princes of the imperial blood - Prince Vasily Alexandrovich - Maria Vladimirovna was officially proclaimed heir to the throne. In 1992, when Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich died, she headed the Imperial House of Romanov. Legitimist monarchists, citing the Law of Succession to the Throne, view Maria Vladimirovna as the locum tenens of the Russian throne and de jure empress, and her son George as the only legitimate heir to the throne.

Opponents of the Kirill branch of the Romanovs question the rights of Mary and her son to the Russian throne, citing the fact that Grand Duke Kirill was married to his cousin, who was also divorced (that is, his marriage was illegal according to the canons of the Orthodox Church), and They also deny the equality of the marriage of Vladimir Kirilovich with Grand Duchess Leonida (who, in their opinion, either lost her royal status as a result of her first unequal marriage, or did not have it from the very beginning, since the Bagration-Mukhrani family ceased to be a ruling house after the inclusion of Georgia into the Russian Empire). However, the international monarchical “public” (represented by European monarchs and representatives of the ruling houses that have lost their thrones) recognizes only the Kirillovich branch as the real Romanovs.

Maria Vladimirovna lives in Saint-Briac (France), speaks Russian well. In 1986, she divorced her husband (Bishop Anthony of Los Angeles, who married them, divorced the couple); After the divorce, Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich returned to Lutheranism and began to have the same title as Franz Wilhelm, Prince of Prussia.

ROMANOV Georgy Mikhailovich, Grand Duke of Russia, Prince of Prussia (George, Prince of Prussia Romanov), heir to the Russian throne.

On his father's side, he is a direct descendant (great-great-grandson) of the German Emperor Wilhelm II. Great-great-great-grandson of Emperor Alexander II. Through the great-grandmother of the English Princess Victoria-Melita (or Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna) - a direct descendant of the English Queen Victoria.

He studied at primary school in Saint-Briac (France), then at the College of St. Stanislas in Paris. Since 1988 he has lived in Madrid, where he attended an English school for children of diplomats.

Georgy's native language is French, he is fluent in Spanish and English, and speaks Russian somewhat less well.

He first came to Russia at the end of April 1992, accompanying his family to St. Petersburg with the coffin with the body of his grandfather, Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich. He visited Russia for the second time in May-June 1992 to participate in the transfer of his grandfather’s body from the Alexander Nevsky Lavra to the Grand Ducal tomb of the Peter and Paul Cathedral, and then visited Moscow.

Maria Vladimirovna has repeatedly stated that George’s education will be continued in Russia. At the end of 1996 - beginning of 1997, there were reports in the media that Georgy would return to his homeland in 1997, but this did not happen.

Doubts about the right to the throne are the same as about his mother.

Opponents of the Kirillovichs call Grand Duke George “Georg Hohenzollern”, and also, jokingly, “Tsarevich Gosha” (and his followers, respectively, “Gauschists”).

ROMANOV Andrey Andreevich

Great-great-grandson of Tsar Nicholas I in the male junior line, descendant of Alexander III in the female junior line, son of Prince Andrei Alexandrovich Romanov (1897-1981) from a morganatic marriage with Elizaveta Fabritsievna Ruffo, daughter of Duke Don Fabrizio Ruffo and Princess Natalia Alexandrovna Meshcherskaya, grandson of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich (1866-1933) and Grand Duchess Ksenia Alexandrovna (daughter of Alexander III, sister of Nicholas II), younger brother of Mikhail Andreevich Romanov, cousin of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov.

Married for the third time to Inez Storer. His first marriage was to Elena Konstantinovna Durneva, his second to Kathleen Norris. He has three sons: the eldest Alexey (1953) - from his first marriage, the younger ones Peter (1961) and Andrey (1963) - from his second.

From the point of view of legitimists, he has no legal rights to the throne, since he comes from an unequal marriage. From the point of view of conciliar monarchists, he can be considered by the Zemsky Sobor as a candidate for the throne, since he descends from Nicholas I in the male line.

ROMANOV Dmitry Romanovich

Great-great-grandson of Tsar Nicholas I in the male younger line, great-grandson of Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich Sr. (1831-1891), grandson of Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich (1864-1931) and Montenegrin Princess Militsa, son of Roman Petrovich Romanov (1896-1978) and Countess Praskovya Sheremeteva .

In 1936, he moved with his parents to Italy, where the queen was Elena, the sister of Militsa of Montenegro, who was, accordingly, his father’s aunt. Shortly before the liberation of Rome by the Allies, he went into hiding, as the Germans decided to arrest all the relatives of the Italian king. After the referendum in Italy on the monarchy, he followed the abdicated Italian king and his wife to Egypt. He worked at the Ford automobile plant in Alexandria as a mechanic and car salesman. After the overthrow of King Farouk and the beginning of the persecution of Europeans, he left Egypt and returned to Italy. Worked as secretary to the chief of a shipping company.

In 1953, I visited Russia for the first time as a tourist. While on vacation in Denmark, he met his future first wife, a year later he married her and moved to Copenhagen, where he worked as a bank employee for more than 30 years.

Since 1973, he has been a member of the Association of Members of the House of Romanov, since 1989 headed by his older brother, Prince Nikolai Romanovich Romanov.

In June 1992, he became one of the founders and chairman of the Romanov Foundation for Russia. In 1993-1995 came to Russia five times. In July 1998, he attended the funeral of the remains of Nicholas II and his family in St. Petersburg.

An opponent of the restoration of the monarchy, he believes that in Russia “there should be a democratically elected president.”

From the point of view of legitimists, he has no legal rights to the throne, since his father comes from an unequal marriage.

Collects orders and medals. He wrote and published several books in English about awards - Montenegrin, Bulgarian and Greek. He is working on a book about Serbian and Yugoslav awards, and dreams of writing a book about old Russian and Soviet ones, as well as about awards from post-Soviet Russia.

Married for his second marriage to the Danish translator Dorrit Reventrow. He married her in July 1993 in the cathedral in Kostroma, in which Mikhail Romanov was crowned king. Have no children.

ROMANOV Mikhail Andreevich

Great-great-grandson of Tsar Nicholas I on the male junior line, descendant of Alexander III on the female junior line, son of Prince Andrei Alexandrovich Romanov. Lives in Australia.

In 1953 he married Esther Blanche, the following year he divorced her and married Elizabeth Shirley. (Both marriages, naturally, are unequal). Have no children. Has a younger brother - Andrei Andreevich (1923).

The publicist of the conciliar camp, Leonid Bolotin, defended the hypothetical rights of Mikhail Andreevich (as well as Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov - see below) to the throne, interpreting the mention in the “Prophecy of Daniel” of the future king named Mikhail as a prediction specifically about Russia. At the same time, from the point of view of the majority of conciliar monarchists, who are almost all very partial to the “Jewish question,” the rights of Mikhail Andreevich (as well as Andrei Andreevich and Mikhail Fedorovich) are apparently doubtful, since their great-grandmother, the mother of Grand Duke Alexander the Great Princess Olga Feodorovna, Princess of Baden, had family ties with representatives of the dynasty of Jewish financiers from Karlsruhe (according to Count Sergei Witte, expressed in his memoirs, it was because of this that Olga Feodorovna’s children - Nikolai, Mikhail, George, Alexander and Sergei - were disliked Emperor Alexander III, no stranger to anti-Semitism).

[2009 note: died September 2008]

ROMANOV Mikhail Fedorovich

Great-great-grandson of Tsar Nicholas I on the male junior line and Alexander III on the female line, great-grandson of Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich, grandson of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich and Grand Duchess Ksenia Alexandrovna (daughter of Alexander III, sister of Nicholas II), son of Grand Duke Fyodor Alexandrovich (1898-1968 ) and Irina Pavlovna (1903), daughter of Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich from a morganatic marriage with Olga Valerianovna Paley.

Lives in Paris.

In 1958 he married Helga Stauffenberger. Son Mikhail (1959), granddaughter Tatyana (1986).

ROMANOV Nikita Nikitich

Great-great-grandson of Tsar Nicholas I in the male younger line, great-grandson of Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich (1832-1909), grandson of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich (1866-1933), son of Nikita Alexandrovich Romanov (1900-1974) and Countess Maria Illarionovna Vorontsova-Dashkova (1903) . Lives in New York.

Vice-chairman of the Association of Members of the House of Romanov, created in 1979 (chairman - Prince Nikolai Romanovich Romanov). He visited Russia several times, visited Crimea on the estate of his grandfather Ai-Todor. In July 1998, he attended the funeral of the remains of Nicholas II and his family in St. Petersburg. There is a younger brother, Alexander Nikitich Romanov (1929), also living in the USA.

Married to Janet (in Orthodoxy - Anna Mikhailovna) Schonwald (1933), has a son Fyodor (1974).

Does not comply with the law on succession to the throne (comes from a unequal marriage, is in a unequal marriage).

ROMANOV Nikolay Romanovich

Great-great-grandson of Tsar Nicholas I in the younger male line, great-grandson of Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich Sr. (1831-1891), a participant in the liberation of Bulgaria. Grandson of Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich (1864-1931) and Montenegrin Princess Militsa (daughter of Montenegrin King Nicholas I), son of Roman Petrovich Romanov (1896-1978) from a morganatic marriage with Countess Praskovya Dmitrievna Sheremetyeva (1901-1980). Great-nephew of Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich Jr. (1856-1929), commander-in-chief of the Russian army during the First World War, conspirator and pretender to the throne.

In 1936, he moved with his parents from France to Italy. In 1941, he refused Mussolini's offer to take the throne of the King of Montenegro.

After the referendum in Italy on the monarchy, following the abdication of the Italian king and Queen Helena, the family moved to Egypt, and when King Farouk was overthrown, they returned to Italy.

Watercolor artist.

He lived in Rougemont (Switzerland), then moved to Rome (after marrying the Florentine Countess Sveva della Garaldesca and taking Italian citizenship in 1993).

In 1989, after the death of Grand Duke Vasily Alexandrovich, chairman of the “Union (Association) of Members of the House of Romanov,” he headed this association, whose members do not recognize the rights to the throne of Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna, and her son Georgy Mikhailovich is considered to belong to the House of Hohenzollern, not the Romanovs. He initiated the congress of Romanov men in June 1992 in Paris. At the congress, the Russia Assistance Fund was created, headed by his brother Dmitry.

After the death (April 8, 1993) Tikhon Kulikovsky was considered by Russian opponents of the Kirillov branch as “the senior in the House of Romanov,” but he undermined his authority in this environment with his republican and Yeltsinist statements. He called himself a supporter of Yeltsin. He advocates a presidential republic, believes that “Russia should have borders more or less similar to the borders of the Soviet Union, the former Russian Empire,” and “a form of organization reminiscent of the United States,” that “it is necessary to create a truly federal republic with a strong central government, but with strictly limited powers." In an interview with the Parisian magazine Point de Vu in 1992, he expressed confidence that “the monarchy in Russia cannot be restored.”

It does not comply with the law on succession to the throne, since it comes from a unequal marriage and is in a unequal marriage.

In July 1998, he attended the funeral of the remains of Nicholas II and his family in St. Petersburg.

Nikolai Romanovich has three daughters: Natalya (1952), Elizaveta (1956), Tatyana (1961). All of them are married to Italians, the two eldest daughters have a son and a daughter.

ROMANOV-ILINSKY (Romanovsky-Ilyinsky) Pavel Dmitrievich (Paul R. Ilyinsky)

Great-grandson of Tsar Alexander II, grandson of his fifth son - Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich (killed in the Peter and Paul Fortress in 1919) - and Alexandra of Greece, son of Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich (1891-1942). Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich was one of the murderers of Grigory Rasputin, in the USA he married an American woman, Anna (Audrey) Emery (1904-1971), who converted to Orthodoxy, daughter of John Emery, who bore him a son, Paul (Paul). (They divorced in 1937, Anna was then married for the second time to Prince Dmitry Georgadze.) Dmitry Pavlovich died in Switzerland.

Paul Romanow-Ilinski is a retired US Marine Colonel. A member of the city council of Palm Beach, Florida, he was at one time mayor of that city.

Member of the US Republican Party.

Member of the Association of the House of Romanov, headed by Nikolai Romanov. He did not claim the throne, but considered himself (after the death of Vladimir Kirillovich) the head of the House of Romanov.

He was married for his second marriage to an American woman, Angelica Kaufman, who converted to Orthodoxy. His first marriage was to an American, Mary Evelyn Prince.

Does not comply with the law on succession to the throne: comes from a unequal marriage, is in a unequal marriage.

Children Dmitry (1954), Mikhail (1960), Paula (1956), Anna (1959). Has seven grandchildren.

[Died after 2000. Sons Dmitry Romanovsky-Ilyinsky and Mikhail Romanovsky-Ilyinsky recognize the rights to the throne of Maria Vladimirovna and her son George; in turn, Maria recognizes their right to be called princes (NB: but not Grand Dukes), and also recognizes Dmitry Romanovsky-Ilyinsky as “the senior male representative of the Romanov FAMILY (that is, all male and female descendants of Members of the DYNASTY, regardless of the marriages of the above-mentioned persons) ")].

LEININGEN Emich-Cyril, seventh Prince of Leiningen

Born 1926

Son of Friedrich-Karl, sixth Prince of Leiningen, and Grand Duchess Maria Kirillovna Romanova (daughter of Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich, who proclaimed himself “Emperor Kirill I” in 1924). His father, a German naval officer, died of starvation in Soviet captivity in a camp near Saransk in August 1946; his mother died of a heart attack on October 27, 1951 in Madrid.

As a child he was a member of the Hitler Youth.

He has two younger brothers - Karl-Vladimir (1928) and Friedrich-Wilhelm (1938) and three sisters - Kira-Melita (1930), Margarita (1932) and Matilda (1936). He is related to the Bulgarian and Greek royal houses, as well as to the younger branch of the Serbian Karageorgievic dynasty.

According to the “Kirillov” interpretation of the Law on Succession to the Throne, he is first in the “queue” for the Russian throne after Grand Duke Georgiy Mikhailovich. In the event of the childless death of George (and, accordingly, the suppression of the senior Kirillovich line), Emich-Kirill Leiningen or his sons will inherit the rights to the throne - subject to conversion to Orthodoxy.

KENT Michael (Michael, Prince of Kent)

Born in 1942

Great-great-great-grandson of Nicholas I, cousin of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain. Grandson of the English King George V, youngest son of George, Duke of Kent, Prince of Great Britain (1902-1942) and Princess Marina (1906-1968), daughter of the Greek Prince Nicholas (1872-1938) and Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna (1882-1957), sister Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich.

Through his grandfather Nicholas of Greece, the son of Grand Duchess Olga Konstantinovna (1851-1926), he is the great-great-grandson of the second son of Russian Emperor Nicholas I, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich Romanov (1827-1892). Through his grandmother Elena Vladimirovna, he is the great-great-grandson of the Russian Emperor Alexander II. Accordingly, he is a second cousin of Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna.

The elder brother is Duke Edward of Kent, the sister is Princess Alexandra.

He graduated from a military school, where he learned Russian and became a military translator. Served at the military intelligence headquarters. He retired with the rank of major. Tried unsuccessfully to start a business. Then he made two television films - about Queen Victoria and her wife Albert and about Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra.

Mason. According to some sources, the head of the Grand Lodge of the East.

After 1992, he visited Russia several times.

In the English succession to the throne, he initially occupied 8th place (his father George, Duke of Kent, was the younger brother of Kings Edward VIII and George VI), but, having married a Catholic, he lost his rights to the British throne - according to the law of 1701 (Wife - previously divorced Austrian Baroness Maria Christina von Reibnitz.Her father was a member of the Nazi Party in 1933 and rose to the rank of SS Sturmbannführer.)

Theoretically, he retains the rights to the Russian throne - subject to conversion to Orthodoxy. His marriage, however, is unequal and the descendants of this marriage (if any) cannot inherit the throne.

In Frederick Forsyth's novel "The Icon" (1997), he appears as a candidate for the throne (and then the tsar), invited to Russia to save it from dictatorship.

VOLKOV Maxim (Max)

Descendant of Nicholas I through his grandson Grand Duke Nikolai Konstantinovich Romanov (brother of Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov, better known as the poet "K.R") and his (Grand Duke Nikolai) daughter Olga Pavlovna Sumarokova-Elston (surname and patronymic - after her stepfather) .

He worked as a guide at the Tretyakov Gallery.

He has no rights to the throne, since the marriage of Grand Duke Nicholas Konstantinovich was morganatic.

Publications in the Architecture section

Where did the Romanovs live?

Small Imperial, Mramorny, Nikolaevsky, Anichkov - we go for a walk along the central streets of St. Petersburg and remember the palaces in which representatives of the royal family lived.

Palace Embankment, 26

Let's start our walk from Palace Embankment. A few hundred meters east of the Winter Palace is the palace of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich, son of Alexander II. Previously, the building, built in 1870, was called the “small imperial courtyard.” Here, all the interiors have been preserved almost in their original form, reminiscent of one of the main centers of social life in St. Petersburg at the end of the 19th century. Once upon a time, the walls of the palace were decorated with many famous paintings: for example, “Barge Haulers on the Volga” by Ilya Repin hung on the wall of the former billiard room. On the doors and panels there are still monograms with the letter “B” - “Vladimir”.

In 1920, the palace became the House of Scientists, and today the building houses one of the main scientific centers of the city. The palace is open to tourists.

Palace Embankment, 18

A little further on the Palace Embankment you can see the majestic gray Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace. It was erected in 1862 by the famous architect Andrei Stackenschneider for the wedding of the son of Nicholas I, Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich. The new palace, for the reconstruction of which neighboring houses were purchased, incorporated Baroque and Rococo styles, elements of the Renaissance and architecture from the time of Louis XIV. Before the October Revolution, there was a church on the top floor of the main facade.

Today the palace houses institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Millionnaya Street, 5/1

Even further on the embankment is the Marble Palace, the family nest of the Konstantinovichs - the son of Nicholas I, Constantine, and his descendants. It was built in 1785 by the Italian architect Antonio Rinaldi. The palace became the first building in St. Petersburg to be faced with natural stone. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, known for his poetic works, lived here with his family; in the pre-revolutionary years, his eldest son John lived here. The second son, Gabriel, wrote his memoirs “In the Marble Palace” while in exile.

In 1992, the building was transferred to the Russian Museum.

Admiralteyskaya embankment, 8

Palace of Mikhail Mikhailovich. Architect Maximilian Messmacher. 1885–1891. Photo: Valentina Kachalova / photobank “Lori”

Not far from the Winter Palace on Admiralteyskaya Embankment you can see a building in the neo-Renaissance style. It once belonged to Grand Duke Mikhail Mikhailovich, the grandson of Nicholas I. Construction began on it when the Grand Duke decided to get married - his chosen one was the granddaughter of Alexander Pushkin, Sofia Merenberg. Emperor Alexander III did not give consent to the marriage, and the marriage was recognized as morganatic: Mikhail Mikhailovich’s wife did not become a member of the imperial family. The Grand Duke was forced to leave the country without living in the new palace.

Today the palace is rented out to financial companies.

Truda Square, 4

If we walk from the Mikhail Mikhailovich Palace to the Annunciation Bridge and turn left, on Labor Square we will see another brainchild of the architect Stackenschneider - the Nicholas Palace. The son of Nicholas I, Nikolai Nikolaevich the Elder, lived in it until 1894. During his life, the building also housed a house church; everyone was allowed to attend services here. In 1895 - after the death of the owner - a women's institute named after Grand Duchess Xenia, sister of Nicholas II, was opened in the palace. Girls were trained to be accountants, housekeepers, and seamstresses.

Today, the building, known in the USSR as the Palace of Labor, hosts excursions, lectures and folk concerts.

English Embankment, 68

Let's return to the embankment and go west. Halfway to the New Admiralty Canal is the palace of Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich, son of Alexander II. In 1887, he bought it from the daughter of the late Baron Stieglitz, a famous banker and philanthropist, whose name is given to the Academy of Arts and Industry he founded. The Grand Duke lived in the palace until his death - he was shot in 1918.

The palace of Pavel Alexandrovich was empty for a long time. In 2011, the building was transferred to St. Petersburg University.

Moika River Embankment, 106

On the right side of the Moika River, opposite the island of New Holland, is the palace of Grand Duchess Ksenia Alexandrovna. She was married to the founder of the Russian Air Force, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, grandson of Nicholas I. They were given the palace as a wedding gift in 1894. During the First World War, the Grand Duchess opened a hospital here.

Today the palace houses the Lesgaft Academy of Physical Culture.

Nevsky Prospekt, 39

We exit onto Nevsky Prospekt and move in the direction of the Fontanka River. Here, near the embankment, the Anichkov Palace is located. It was named after the Anichkov Bridge in honor of the ancient family of pillar nobles, the Anichkovs. The palace, erected under Elizaveta Petrovna, is the oldest building on Nevsky Prospekt. Architects Mikhail Zemtsov and Bartolomeo Rastrelli participated in its construction. Later, Empress Catherine II donated the building to Grigory Potemkin. On behalf of the new owner, architect Giacomo Quarenghi gave Anichkov a more austere, closer to modern look.

Starting from Nicholas I, mainly the heirs to the throne lived in the palace. When Alexander II ascended the throne, the widow of Nicholas I, Alexandra Feodorovna, lived here. After the death of Emperor Alexander III, the Dowager Empress Maria Fedorovna settled in the Anichkov Palace. Nicholas II also grew up here. He did not like the Winter Palace and spent most of his time, already as emperor, in the Anichkov Palace.

Today it houses the Palace of Youth Creativity. The building is also open to tourists.

Nevsky Prospekt, 41

On the other side of the Fontanka is the Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace - the last private house built on Nevsky in the 19th century and another brainchild of Stackenschneider. At the end of the 19th century, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich bought it, and in 1911 the palace passed to his nephew, Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich. In 1917, while in exile for participating in the murder of Grigory Rasputin, he sold the palace. And later he emigrated and took the money from the sale of the palace abroad, thanks to which he lived comfortably for a long time.

Since 2003, the building has belonged to the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation; concerts and creative evenings are held there. On some days there are excursions through the halls of the palace.

Petrovskaya embankment, 2

And while walking near Peter’s house on Petrovskaya embankment, you should not miss the white majestic building in the neoclassical style. This is the palace of the grandson of Nicholas I, Nikolai Nikolaevich the Younger, the supreme commander in chief of all land and naval forces of the Russian Empire in the early years of the First World War. Today, the palace, which became the last grand ducal building until 1917, houses the Representative Office of the President of the Russian Federation in the Northwestern Federal District.

Today they talk more and more about the Romanov dynasty. Her story can be read like a detective story. And its origin, and the history of the coat of arms, and the circumstances of accession to the throne: all this still causes ambiguous interpretations.

Prussian origins of the dynasty

The ancestor of the Romanov dynasty is considered to be the boyar Andrei Kobyla at the court of Ivan Kalita and his son Simeon the Proud. We know practically nothing about his life and origins. The chronicles mention him only once: in 1347 he was sent to Tver for the bride of Grand Duke Simeon the Proud, daughter of Prince Alexander Mikhailovich of Tver.

Finding himself during the unification of the Russian state with a new center in Moscow in the service of the Moscow branch of the princely dynasty, he thus chose the “golden ticket” for himself and his family. Genealogists mention his numerous descendants, who became the ancestors of many noble Russian families: Semyon Stallion (Lodygins, Konovnitsyns), Alexander Elka (Kolychevs), Gavriil Gavsha (Bobrykins), Childless Vasily Vantey and Fyodor Koshka - the ancestor of the Romanovs, Sheremetevs, Yakovlevs, Goltyaevs and Bezzubtsev. But the origins of the Mare himself remain a mystery. According to the Romanov family legend, he traced his ancestry back to the Prussian kings.

When a gap is formed in genealogies, it provides an opportunity for their falsification. In the case of noble families, this is usually done with the aim of either legitimizing their power or achieving extra privileges. As in this case. The blank spot in the Romanov genealogies was filled in the 17th century under Peter I by the first Russian king of arms Stepan Andreevich Kolychev. The new history corresponded to the “Prussian legend”, fashionable even under the Rurikovichs, which was aimed at confirming the position of Moscow as the successor of Byzantium. Since Rurik’s Varangian origin did not fit into this ideology, the founder of the princely dynasty became the 14th descendant of a certain Prus, the ruler of ancient Prussia, a relative of Emperor Augustus himself. Following them, the Romanovs “rewrote” their history.

A family legend, subsequently recorded in the “General Arms of Arms of the Noble Families of the All-Russian Empire,” says that in 305 AD, the Prussian king Pruteno gave the kingdom to his brother Veidewut, and he himself became the high priest of his pagan tribe in the city of Romanov, where the evergreen sacred oak tree grew.

Before his death, Veidevuth divided his kingdom among his twelve sons. One of them was Nedron, whose family owned part of modern Lithuania (Samogit lands). His descendants were the brothers Russingen and Glanda Kambila, who were baptized in 1280, and in 1283 Kambila came to Rus' to serve the Moscow prince Daniil Alexandrovich. After baptism, he began to be called Mare.

Who fed False Dmitry?

The personality of False Dmitry is one of the biggest mysteries of Russian history. In addition to the unresolved question of the identity of the impostor, his “shadow” accomplices remain a problem. According to one version, the Romanovs, who fell into disgrace under Godunov, had a hand in the conspiracy of False Dmitry, and the eldest descendant of the Romanovs, Fedor, a contender for the throne, was tonsured a monk.

Adherents of this version believe that the Romanovs, Shuiskys and Golitsins, who dreamed of the “Monomakh’s hat,” organized a conspiracy against Godunov, using the mysterious death of the young Tsarevich Dmitry. They prepared their contender for the royal throne, known to us as False Dmitry, and led the coup on June 10, 1605. Afterwards, having dealt with their biggest rival, they themselves joined the fight for the throne. Subsequently, after the accession of the Romanovs, their historians did everything to connect the bloody massacre of the Godunov family exclusively with the personality of False Dmitry, and leave the Romanovs’ hands clean.

The Mystery of the Zemsky Sobor 1613

The election of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov to the throne was simply doomed to be covered with a thick layer of myths. How did it happen that in a country torn apart by turmoil, a young, inexperienced youth was elected to the throne, who at the age of 16 was not distinguished by either military talent or a sharp political mind? Of course, the future king had an influential father - Patriarch Filaret, who himself once aimed for the royal throne. But during the Zemsky Sobor, he was captured by the Poles and could hardly have somehow influenced the process. According to the generally accepted version, the decisive role was played by the Cossacks, who at that time represented a powerful force to be reckoned with. Firstly, under False Dmitry II, they and the Romanovs found themselves in the “same camp”, and secondly, they were certainly satisfied with the young and inexperienced prince, who did not pose a danger to their liberties, which they had inherited during the time of unrest.

The warlike cries of the Cossacks forced Pozharsky’s followers to propose a break of two weeks. During this time, widespread campaigning in favor of Mikhail unfolded. For many boyars, he also represented an ideal candidate who would allow them to keep power in their hands. The main argument put forward was that supposedly the late Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, before his death, wanted to transfer the throne to his relative Fyodor Romanov (Patriarch Filaret). And since he languished in Polish captivity, the crown passed to his only son, Mikhail. As the historian Klyuchevsky later wrote, “they wanted to choose not the most capable, but the most convenient.”

Non-existent coat of arms

In the history of the Romanov dynastic coat of arms there are no less blank spots than in the history of the dynasty itself. For some reason, for a long time the Romanovs did not have their own coat of arms at all; they used the state coat of arms, with the image of a double-headed eagle, as a personal one. Their own family coat of arms was created only under Alexander II. By that time, the heraldry of the Russian nobility had practically taken shape, and only the ruling dynasty did not have its own coat of arms. It would be inappropriate to say that the dynasty did not have much interest in heraldry: even under Alexei Mikhailovich, the “Tsar’s Titular Book” was published - a manuscript containing portraits of Russian monarchs with the coats of arms of Russian lands.

Perhaps such loyalty to the double-headed eagle is due to the need for the Romanovs to show legitimate continuity from the Rurikovichs and, most importantly, from the Byzantine emperors. As is known, starting with Ivan III, people begin to talk about Rus' as the successor of Byzantium. Moreover, the king married Sophia Palaeologus, the granddaughter of the last Byzantine emperor Constantine. They took the symbol of the Byzantine double-headed eagle as their family coat of arms.

In any case, this is just one of many versions. It is not known for certain why the ruling branch of the huge empire, which was related to the noblest houses of Europe, so stubbornly ignored the heraldic orders that had developed over the centuries.

The long-awaited appearance of the Romanovs’ own coat of arms under Alexander II only added more questions. The development of the imperial order was undertaken by the then king of arms, Baron B.V. Kene. The basis was taken as the ensign of the governor Nikita Ivanovich Romanov, at one time the main oppositionist Alexei Mikhailovich. Its description is more accurate, since the banner itself was already lost by that time. It depicted a golden griffin on a silver background with a small black eagle with raised wings and lion heads on its tail. Perhaps Nikita Romanov borrowed it from Livonia during the Livonian War.

The new coat of arms of the Romanovs was a red griffin on a silver background, holding a golden sword and tarch, crowned with a small eagle; on the black border there are eight severed lion heads; four gold and four silver. Firstly, the changed color of the griffin is striking. Historians of heraldry believe that Quesne decided not to go against the rules established at that time, which prohibited placing a golden figure on a silver background, with the exception of the coats of arms of such high-ranking persons as the Pope. Thus, by changing the color of the griffin, he lowered the status of the family coat of arms. Or the “Livonia version” played a role, according to which Kene emphasized the Livonian origin of the coat of arms, since in Livonia since the 16th century there was a reverse combination of coat of arms colors: a silver griffin on a red background.

There is still a lot of controversy about the symbolism of the Romanov coat of arms. Why is so much attention paid to lion heads, and not to the figure of an eagle, which, according to historical logic, should be in the center of the composition? Why is it with lowered wings, and what, ultimately, is the historical background of the Romanov coat of arms?

Peter III – the last Romanov?

As you know, the Romanov family ended with the family of Nicholas II. However, some believe that the last ruler of the Romanov dynasty was Peter III. The young infantile emperor did not have a good relationship with his wife at all. Catherine told in her diaries how anxiously she waited for her husband on her wedding night, and he came and fell asleep. This continued - Peter III did not have any feelings for his wife, preferring her to his favorite. But a son, Pavel, was nevertheless born, many years after the marriage.

Rumors about illegitimate heirs are not uncommon in the history of world dynasties, especially in turbulent times for the country. So here the question arose: is Paul really the son of Peter III? Or perhaps Catherine’s first favorite, Sergei Saltykov, took part in this.

A significant argument in favor of these rumors was that the imperial couple had not had children for many years. Therefore, many believed that this union was completely fruitless, as the empress herself hinted at, mentioning in her memoirs that her husband suffered from phimosis.

Information that Sergei Saltykov could be Pavel’s father is also present in Catherine’s diaries: “Sergei Saltykov made me understand what the reason for his frequent visits was... I continued to listen to him, he was as beautiful as day, and, of course, no one could not compare with him at court... He was 25 years old, in general, both by birth and by many other qualities, he was an outstanding gentleman... I did not give in all spring and part of the summer.” The result was not long in coming. On September 20, 1754, Catherine gave birth to a son. Only from whom: from her husband Romanov, or from Saltykov?

The choice of name for members of the ruling dynasty has always played an important role in the political life of the country. Firstly, intra-dynastic relations were often emphasized with the help of names. So, for example, the names of the children of Alexei Mikhailovich were supposed to emphasize the connection of the Romanovs with the Rurikovich dynasty. Under Peter and his daughters, they showed close relationships within the ruling branch (despite the fact that this was completely inconsistent with the real situation in the imperial family). But under Catherine the Great, a completely new order of naming was introduced. The former clan affiliation gave way to other factors, among which the political played a significant role. Her choice came from the semantics of names, going back to the Greek words: “people” and “victory”.

Let's start with Alexander. The name of Paul's eldest son was given in honor of Alexander Nevsky, although another invincible commander, Alexander the Great, was also implied. She wrote the following about her choice: “You say: Catherine wrote to Baron F. M. Grimm, that he will have to choose who to imitate: a hero (Alexander the Great) or a saint (Alexander Nevsky). You apparently don't know that our saint was a hero. He was a courageous warrior, a firm ruler and a clever politician and surpassed all other appanage princes, his contemporaries... So, I agree that Mr. Alexander has only one choice, and it depends on his personal talents which path he will take - holiness or heroism "

The reasons for choosing the name Constantine, unusual for Russian tsars, are even more interesting. They are connected with the idea of Catherine’s “Greek project,” which implied the defeat of the Ottoman Empire and the restoration of the Byzantine state led by her second grandson.

It is unclear, however, why Paul's third son received the name Nicholas. Apparently, he was named after the most revered saint in Rus' - Nicholas the Wonderworker. But this is just a version, since the sources do not contain any explanation for this choice.

Catherine had nothing to do with the choice of name for Pavel’s youngest son, Mikhail, who was born after her death. Here the father’s long-standing passion for chivalry already played a role. Mikhail Pavlovich was named in honor of the Archangel Michael, the leader of the heavenly army, the patron saint of the emperor-knight.

Four names: Alexander, Konstantin, Nicholas and Mikhail - formed the basis of the new imperial names of the Romanovs.

DESCENDANTS OF THE ROMANOVS,

With some additions (introduced, in particular, in 1820), the law of 1797 was in force until the fall of the monarchy in 1917.

The legitimate heir to the throne must satisfy several rules, one of which is descent from an “equal marriage”, included in the Succession Act in 1820 on the Austrian model.

In this case, the heir to the throne must be or become Orthodox (currently, of the possible foreign contenders for the legacy of the House of Romanov, only Serbian, Bulgarian, Romanian and Greek princes are Orthodox; German, Spanish and English - naturally, are Catholics or Protestants).

Princess Sophia of Greece had rights to the Russian throne before her conversion to Catholicism and marriage to Juan Carlos of Spain; her rights passed to her and Juan Carlos's children and grandchildren - theoretically, they could receive the Russian throne, subject to conversion to Orthodoxy and renunciation of rights to the Spanish crown.

Monarchists who support strict adherence to the Law of Succession to the Throne are called legitimists.

In their opinion, it is necessary to return to a tradition more ancient than post-Petrine legislation - namely, the Zemsky Sobor, which can decide which of the laws of the Russian Empire (including legislation related to issues of succession to the throne) must be observed at all costs, and which ones can be ignored or corrected.

The most radical individuals even allow the choice of a new dynasty (suggested options: -

the offspring of Rurik, the grandson of Stalin, the grandson of Marshal Zhukov), but the majority still recognizes the Council Oath of 1613 to the House of Romanov and is inclined to exclude, first of all, the rule of descent from equal marriage (as “alien to Russian tradition” and - most importantly - undermining the rights of all or almost all possible non-foreign applicants), as well as to the consideration at the Zemsky Sobor of the preferable rights and human qualities of the descendants of the Romanov family, including descendants from unequal marriages.

ROMANOVA Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess, head of the Imperial House of Romanov, locum tenens of the Russian throne

ROMANOV Georgy Mikhailovich, Grand Duke of Russia, Prince of Prussia (George, Prince of Prussia Romanov), heir to the Russian throne.

He studied at primary school in Saint-Briac (France), then at the College of St. Stanislas in Paris. Since 1988 he has lived in Madrid, where he attended an English school for children of diplomats.

Georgy's native language is French, he is fluent in Spanish and English, and speaks Russian somewhat less well.

Doubts about the right to the throne are the same as about his mother.

Opponents of the Kirillovichs call Grand Duke George “Georg Hohenzollern”, and also, jokingly, “Tsarevich Gosha” (and his followers, respectively, “Gauschists”).

ROMANOV Andrey Andreevich

ROMANOV Dmitry Romanovich

Since 1973, he has been a member of the Association of Members of the House of Romanov, since 1989 headed by his older brother, Prince Nikolai Romanovich Romanov.

An opponent of the restoration of the monarchy, he believes that in Russia “there should be a democratically elected president.”

From the point of view of legitimists, he has no legal rights to the throne, since his father comes from an unequal marriage.

Married for his second marriage to the Danish translator Dorrit Reventrow. He married her in July 1993 in the cathedral in Kostroma, in which Mikhail Romanov was crowned king. Have no children.

ROMANOV Mikhail Andreevich

Great-great-grandson of Tsar Nicholas I on the male junior line, descendant of Alexander III on the female junior line, son of Prince Andrei Alexandrovich Romanov. Lives in Australia.

[2009 note: died September 2008]

ROMANOV Mikhail Fedorovich

Lives in Paris.

In 1958 he married Helga Stauffenberger. Son Mikhail (1959), granddaughter Tatyana (1986).

ROMANOV Nikita Nikitich

Married to Janet (in Orthodoxy - Anna Mikhailovna) Schonwald (1933), has a son Fyodor (1974).

Does not comply with the law on succession to the throne (comes from a unequal marriage, is in a unequal marriage).

ROMANOV Nikolay Romanovich

In 1936, he moved with his parents from France to Italy. In 1941, he refused Mussolini's offer to take the throne of the King of Montenegro.

After the referendum in Italy on the monarchy, following the abdication of the Italian king and Queen Helena, the family moved to Egypt, and when King Farouk was overthrown, they returned to Italy.

Watercolor artist.

He lived in Rougemont (Switzerland), then moved to Rome (after marrying the Florentine Countess Sveva della Garaldesca and taking Italian citizenship in 1993).

It does not comply with the law on succession to the throne, since it comes from a unequal marriage and is in a unequal marriage.

In July 1998, he attended the funeral of the remains of Nicholas II and his family in St. Petersburg.

Nikolai Romanovich has three daughters: Natalya (1952), Elizaveta (1956), Tatyana (1961). All of them are married to Italians, the two eldest daughters have a son and a daughter.

ROMANOV-ILINSKY (Romanovsky-Ilyinsky) Pavel Dmitrievich (Paul R. Ilyinsky)

Paul Romanow-Ilinski is a retired US Marine Colonel. A member of the city council of Palm Beach, Florida, he was at one time mayor of that city.

Member of the US Republican Party.

He was married for his second marriage to an American woman, Angelica Kaufman, who converted to Orthodoxy. His first marriage was to an American, Mary Evelyn Prince.

Does not comply with the law on succession to the throne: comes from a unequal marriage, is in a unequal marriage.

Children Dmitry (1954), Mikhail (1960), Paula (1956), Anna (1959). Has seven grandchildren.

LEININGEN Emich-Cyril, seventh Prince of Leiningen

Born 1926

As a child he was a member of the Hitler Youth.

KENT Michael (Michael, Prince of Kent)

Born in 1942

The elder brother is Duke Edward of Kent, the sister is Princess Alexandra.

Mason. According to some sources, the head of the Grand Lodge of the East.

After 1992, he visited Russia several times.

In Frederick Forsyth's novel "The Icon" (1997), he appears as a candidate for the throne (and then the tsar), invited to Russia to save it from dictatorship.

VOLKOV Maxim (Max)

He worked as a guide at the Tretyakov Gallery.

He has no rights to the throne, since the marriage of Grand Duke Nicholas Konstantinovich was morganatic.

I CAN OFFICIALLY CONFIRM HALF. THERE IS AN INTERESTING SITE IN MOSCOW.

STALIN'S CACHAES. AT THE TIME THE WEDDING OF TERESHKOV AND NIKOLAEV WAS PLAYED THERE. ALEXEY KOSYGIN WAS OFTEN. NEARBY KREMLYOVKA IS AN EXTRA CLASS HOSPITAL. WHAT DO I HAVE TO DO HERE? I REALLY HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH IT. BUT WHAT HAS MY GRANDFATHER TO DO WITH.

I PROTECTED THIS OBJECT WHEN I WAS YOUNG. AND MY GREAT-GREAT-GRANDFATHER, WHO WAS OFTEN THERE, PLACED HIM THERE.

BUT THESE ARE MY FAMILY STORIES. THEY SAW NIKOLAI THERE, AND KOSYGIN, BY THE WAY.

REAL EPISODE - KOSYGIN CAME TO MY MOTHER'S WEDDING. GAVE A GIVEAWAY OF RARE FOODS (A HUGE BOUQUET). MYLO CONGRATULATED AND LEFT. IN MEMORY OF THE OLD BOLSHEVIK WITH WHOM I WAS FRIENDS. INTERESTING VERSION. OUR RELATIVE VALENTINA CHURUSOVA WAS ALEXEY KOSYGIN'S PERSONAL NURSE. YES, HEMOPHILIA. BUT IN A SMOOTHED FORM.

RARE DISEASE. DISEASE OF KINGS. DO YOU AGREE?

HE WAS CONSTANTLY ON INJECTIONS.

MAYBE THE SECRET WILL BE REVEALED SOMEDAY.

History, like a corrupt girl, falls under every new “king”. So, the modern history of our country has been rewritten many times. “Responsible” and “unbiased” historians rewrote biographies and changed the fates of people in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods.

But today access to many archives is open. Only conscience is the key. What gets to people bit by bit does not leave those who live in Russia indifferent. Those who want to be proud of their country and raise their children as patriots of their native land.

In Russia, historians are a dime a dozen. If you throw a stone, you will almost always hit one of them. But only 14 years have passed, and no one can establish the real history of the last century.

Modern henchmen of Miller and Baer are robbing the Russians in all directions. Either they will start Maslenitsa in February by mocking Russian traditions, or they will put an outright criminal under the Nobel Prize.

And then we wonder: why is it that in a country with the richest resources and cultural heritage, there are such poor people?

Abdication of Nicholas II

Emperor Nicholas II did not abdicate the Throne. This act is “fake”. It was compiled and printed on a typewriter by the Quartermaster General of the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief A.S. Lukomsky and the representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the General Staff N.I. Basili.

This printed text was signed on March 2, 1917, not by Sovereign Nicholas II Alexandrovich Romanov, but by the Minister of the Imperial Court, Adjutant General, Baron Boris Fredericks.

After 4 days, the Orthodox Tsar Nicholas II was betrayed by the top of the Russian Orthodox Church, misleading all of Russia by the fact that, seeing this false act, the clergy passed it off as real. And they telegraphed it to the entire Empire and beyond its borders that the Tsar had abdicated the Throne!

On March 6, 1917, the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church heard two reports. The first is the act of “abdication” of the Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II for himself and for his son from the Throne of the Russian State and the abdication of Supreme Power, which took place on March 2, 1917. The second is the act of Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich’s refusal to accept the Supreme Power, which took place on March 3, 1917.

After the hearings, pending the establishment of a form of government in the Constituent Assembly and new fundamental laws of the Russian State, they ORDERED:

“The said acts should be taken into account and implemented and announced in all Orthodox churches, in urban churches on the first day after receiving the text of these acts, and in rural churches on the first Sunday or holiday, after the Divine Liturgy, with a prayer to the Lord God for the pacification of passions , with the proclamation of many years to the God-protected Russian Power and its Blessed Provisional Government.”

And although the top generals of the Russian Army were mostly Jews, the middle officer corps and several senior ranks of the generals, such as Fyodor Arturovich Keller, did not believe this fake and decided to go to the rescue of the Tsar.

From that moment on, the split in the Army began, which turned into a Civil War!

The priesthood and the entire Russian society split.

But the Rothschilds achieved the main thing - they removed Her Lawful Sovereign from governing the country, and began to finish off Russia.

After the revolution, all the bishops and priests who betrayed the Tsar suffered death or dispersion throughout the world for perjury before the Orthodox Tsar.

To the Chairman of the V.Ch.K. No. 13666/2 comrade. Dzerzhinsky F.E. INSTRUCTION: “In accordance with the decision of the V.Ts.I.K. and the Council of People's Commissars, it is necessary to put an end to priests and religion as quickly as possible. Popovs should be arrested as counter-revolutionaries and saboteurs, and shot mercilessly and everywhere. And as much as possible. Churches are subject to closure. The temple premises should be sealed and turned into warehouses.

Chairman V. Ts. I. K. Kalinin, Chairman of the Council. adv. Commissars Ulyanov /Lenin/.”

Murder simulation

There is a lot of information about the Sovereign’s stay with his family in prison and exile, about his stay in Tobolsk and Yekaterinburg, and it is quite truthful.

Was there an execution? Or perhaps it was staged? Was it possible to escape or be taken out of Ipatiev’s house?

It turns out yes!

There was a factory nearby. In 1905, the owner, in case of capture by revolutionaries, dug an underground passage to it. When Yeltsin destroyed the house, after the decision of the Politburo, the bulldozer fell into a tunnel that no one knew about.

Thanks to Stalin and the intelligence officers of the General Staff, the Royal Family was taken to various Russian provinces, with the blessing of Metropolitan Macarius (Nevsky).

On July 22, 1918, Evgenia Popel received the keys to the empty house and sent her husband, N.N. Ipatiev, a telegram in the village of Nikolskoye about the possibility of returning to the city.

In connection with the offensive of the White Guard Army, the evacuation of Soviet institutions was underway in Yekaterinburg. Documents, property and valuables were exported, including those of the Romanov family (!).

Great excitement spread among the officers when it became known in what condition the Ipatiev House, where the Royal Family lived, was located. Those who were free from service went to the house, everyone wanted to take an active part in clarifying the question: “Where are They?”

Some inspected the house, breaking open the boarded up doors; others sorted out the lying things and papers; still others raked out the ashes from the furnaces. The fourth ones scoured the yard and garden, looking into all the basements and cellars. Everyone acted independently, not trusting each other and trying to find an answer to the question that worried everyone.

While the officers were inspecting the rooms, people who came to profit took away a lot of abandoned property, which was later found at the bazaar and flea markets.

The head of the garrison, Major General Golitsin, appointed a special commission of officers, mainly cadets of the Academy of the General Staff, chaired by Colonel Sherekhovsky. Which was tasked with dealing with the finds in the Ganina Yama area: local peasants, raking out recent fire pits, found burnt items from the Tsar’s wardrobe, including a cross with precious stones.

Captain Malinovsky received an order to explore the area of Ganina Yama. On July 30, taking with him Sheremetyevsky, the investigator for the most important cases of the Yekaterinburg District Court A.P. Nametkin, several officers, the doctor of the Heir - V.N. Derevenko and the servant of the Sovereign - T.I. Chemodurov, he went there.

Thus began the investigation into the disappearance of Sovereign Nicholas II, the Empress, the Tsarevich and the Grand Duchesses.

Malinovsky's commission lasted about a week. But it was she who determined the area of all subsequent investigative actions in Yekaterinburg and its environs. It was she who found witnesses to the cordon of the Koptyakovskaya road around Ganina Yama by the Red Army. I found those who saw a suspicious convoy that passed from Yekaterinburg into the cordon and back. I obtained evidence of the destruction there, in the fires near the mines of the Tsar's things.

After the entire staff of officers went to Koptyaki, Sherekhovsky divided the team into two parts. One, headed by Malinovsky, examined Ipatiev’s house, the other, led by Lieutenant Sheremetyevsky, began inspecting Ganina Yama.

When inspecting Ipatiev’s house, the officers of Malinovsky’s group managed to establish almost all the basic facts within a week, which the investigation later relied on.

A year after the investigations, Malinovsky, in June 1919, testified to Sokolov: “As a result of my work on the case, I developed the conviction that the August Family is alive... all the facts that I observed during the investigation are a simulation of murder.”

At the scene

On July 28, A.P. Nametkin was invited to the headquarters, and from the military authorities, since civil power had not yet been formed, he was asked to investigate the case of the Royal Family. After this, we began to inspect the Ipatiev House. Doctor Derevenko and old man Chemodurov were invited to participate in the identification of things; Professor of the Academy of the General Staff, Lieutenant General Medvedev, took part as an expert.

On July 30, Alexey Pavlovich Nametkin participated in the inspection of the mine and fires near Ganina Yama. After the inspection, the Koptyakovsky peasant handed over to Captain Politkovsky a huge diamond, which Chemodurov, who was there, recognized as a jewel belonging to Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna.

Nametkin, inspecting Ipatiev’s house from August 2 to 8, had at his disposal publications of resolutions of the Urals Council and the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, which reported on the execution of Nicholas II.

An inspection of the building, traces of gunshots and signs of shed blood confirmed a well-known fact - the possible death of people in this house.

As for the other results of the inspection of Ipatiev’s house, they left the impression of the unexpected disappearance of its inhabitants.

On August 5, 6, 7, 8, Nametkin continued to inspect Ipatiev’s house and described the state of the rooms where Nikolai Alexandrovich, Alexandra Feodorovna, the Tsarevich and the Grand Duchesses were kept. During the examination, I found many small things that, according to the valet T.I. Chemodurov and the Heir's doctor V.N. Derevenko, belonged to members of the Royal Family.

Being an experienced investigator, Nametkin, after examining the scene of the incident, stated that a mock execution took place in the Ipatiev House, and that not a single member of the Royal Family was shot there.

He repeated his data officially in Omsk, where he gave interviews on this topic to foreign, mainly American correspondents. Stating that he had evidence that the Royal Family was not killed on the night of July 16-17 and was going to publish these documents soon.

But he was forced to hand over the investigation.

War with investigators

On August 7, 1918, a meeting of the branches of the Yekaterinburg District Court was held, where, unexpectedly for prosecutor Kutuzov, contrary to agreements with the chairman of the court Glasson, the Yekaterinburg District Court, by a majority vote, decided to transfer the “case of the murder of the former Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II” to court member Ivan Aleksandrovich Sergeev .

After the case was transferred, the house where he rented the premises was burned down, which led to the destruction of Nametkin’s investigative archive.

The main difference in the work of a detective at the scene of an incident lies in what is not in the laws and textbooks to plan further actions for each of the significant circumstances discovered. What is harmful about replacing them is that with the departure of the previous investigator, his plan to unravel the tangle of mysteries disappears.

On August 13, A.P. Nametkin handed over the case to I.A. Sergeev on 26 numbered sheets. And after the capture of Yekaterinburg by the Bolsheviks, Nametkin was shot.

Sergeev was aware of the complexity of the upcoming investigation.

He understood that the main thing was to find the bodies of the dead. After all, in criminology there is a strict attitude: “no corpse, no murder.” They had great expectations for the expedition to Ganina Yama, where they very carefully searched the area and pumped out water from the mines. But... they found only a severed finger and a prosthetic upper jaw. True, a “corpse” was also recovered, but it was the corpse of the Grand Duchess Anastasia’s dog.

In addition, there are witnesses who saw the former Empress and her children in Perm.

Doctor Derevenko, who treated the Heir, like Botkin, who accompanied the Royal Family in Tobolsk and Yekaterinburg, testifies over and over again that the unidentified corpses delivered to him are not the Tsar and not the Heir, since the Tsar must have a mark on his head / skull / from the blow of the Japanese sabers in 1891

The clergy also knew about the liberation of the Royal Family: Patriarch St. Tikhon.

Life of the royal family after “death”

In the KGB of the USSR, on the basis of the 2nd Main Directorate, there was a special officer. department that monitored all movements of the Royal Family and their descendants across the territory of the USSR. Whether someone likes it or not, this will have to be taken into account, and, therefore, Russia’s future policy will have to be reconsidered.

Daughters Olga (lived under the name Natalia) and Tatyana were in the Diveyevo Monastery, disguised as nuns and sang in the choir of the Trinity Church. From there, Tatyana moved to the Krasnodar Territory, got married and lived in the Apsheronsky and Mostovsky districts. She was buried on September 21, 1992 in the village of Solenom, Mostovsky district.

Olga, through Uzbekistan, left for Afghanistan with the Emir of Bukhara, Seyid Alim Khan (1880 - 1944). From there - to Finland to Vyrubova. Since 1956, she lived in Vyritsa under the name of Natalya Mikhailovna Evstigneeva, where she rested in Bose on January 16, 1976 (11/15/2011 from the grave of V.K. Olga, Her fragrant relics were partially stolen by one demoniac, but were returned to Kazan Temple).

On October 6, 2012, her remaining relics were removed from the grave in the cemetery, added to those stolen and reburied near the Kazan Church.

The daughters of Nicholas II Maria and Anastasia (lived as Alexandra Nikolaevna Tugareva) were in the Glinsk Hermitage for some time. Then Anastasia moved to the Volgograd (Stalingrad) region and got married on the Tugarev farm in the Novoanninsky district. From there she moved to the station. Panfilovo, where she was buried on June 27, 1980. And her husband Vasily Evlampievich Peregudov died defending Stalingrad in January 1943. Maria moved to the Nizhny Novgorod region in the village of Arefino and was buried there on May 27, 1954.

Metropolitan John of Ladoga (Snychev, d. 1995) looked after Anastasia’s daughter Julia in Samara, and together with Archimandrite John (Maslov, d. 1991) looked after Tsarevich Alexei. Archpriest Vasily (Shvets, died 2011) looked after his daughter Olga (Natalia). The son of the youngest daughter of Nicholas II - Anastasia - Mikhail Vasilyevich Peregudov (1924 - 2001), coming from the front, worked as an architect, according to his design a railway station was built in Stalingrad-Volgograd!

The brother of Tsar Nicholas II, Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, was also able to escape from Perm right under the nose of the Cheka. At first he lived in Belogorye, and then moved to Vyritsa, where he rested in Bose in 1948.

Until 1927, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna stayed at the Tsar’s dacha (Vvedensky Skete of the Seraphim Ponetaevsky Monastery, Nizhny Novgorod Region). And at the same time she visited Kyiv, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sukhumi. Alexandra Feodorovna took the name Ksenia (in honor of St. Ksenia Grigorievna of Petersburg /Petrova 1732 - 1803/).

In 1899, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna wrote a prophetic poem:

“In the solitude and silence of the monastery,

Where guardian angels fly

Far from temptation and sin

She lives, whom everyone considers dead.

Everyone thinks she already lives

In the Divine celestial sphere.

She steps outside the walls of the monastery,

Submissive to your increased faith!”

The Empress met with Stalin, who told Her the following: “Live quietly in the city of Starobelsk, but there is no need to interfere in politics.”

Stalin's patronage saved the Tsarina when local security officers opened criminal cases against her.

Money transfers were regularly received from France and Japan in the name of the Queen. The Empress received them and donated them to four kindergartens. This was confirmed by the former manager of the Starobelsky branch of the State Bank, Ruf Leontyevich Shpilev, and the chief accountant Klokolov.

The Empress did handicrafts, making blouses and scarves, and for making hats she was sent straws from Japan. All this was done on orders from local fashionistas.

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna

In 1931, the Tsarina appeared at the Starobelsky Okrot Department of the GPU and stated that she had 185,000 marks in her account in the Berlin Reichsbank, as well as $300,000 in the Chicago Bank. She allegedly wants to put all these funds at the disposal of the Soviet government, provided that it provides for her old age.

The Empress’s statement was forwarded to the GPU of the Ukrainian SSR, which instructed the so-called “Credit Bureau” to negotiate with foreign countries about receiving these deposits!

In 1942, Starobelsk was occupied, the Empress on the same day was invited to breakfast with Colonel General Kleist, who invited her to move to Berlin, to which the Empress replied with dignity: “I am Russian and I want to die in my homeland.” Then she was offered to choose any house in the city that she wanted: it was not suitable, they say, for such a person to huddle in a cramped dugout. But she refused that too.

The only thing the Queen agreed to was to use the services of German doctors. True, the city commandant still ordered to install a sign at the Empress’s home with the inscription in Russian and German: “Do not disturb Her Majesty.”

Which she was very happy about, because in her dugout behind the screen there were... wounded Soviet tankers.

The German medicine was very useful. The tankers managed to get out, and they safely crossed the front line. Taking advantage of the favor of the authorities, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna saved many prisoners of war and local residents who were threatened with reprisals.

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, under the name of Xenia, lived in the city of Starobelsk, Lugansk region, from 1927 until her death in 1948. She took monastic tonsure in the name of Alexandra at the Starobelsky Holy Trinity Monastery.

Kosygin - Tsarevich Alexei

Tsarevich Alexei - became Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin (1904 - 1980). Twice Hero of Social. Labor (1964, 1974). Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun of Peru. In 1935, he graduated from the Leningrad Textile Institute. In 1938, head. department of the Leningrad regional party committee, chairman of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council.

Wife Klavdiya Andreevna Krivosheina (1908 - 1967) - niece of A. A. Kuznetsov. Daughter Lyudmila (1928 - 1990) was married to Jermen Mikhailovich Gvishiani (1928 - 2003). Son of Mikhail Maksimovich Gvishiani (1905 - 1966) since 1928 in the State Political Directorate of Internal Affairs of Georgia. In 1937-38 deputy Chairman of the Tbilisi City Executive Committee. In 1938, 1st deputy. People's Commissar of the NKVD of Georgia. In 1938 - 1950 beginning UNKVDUNKGBUMGB Primorsky Krai. In 1950 - 1953 beginning UMGB Kuibyshev region. Grandsons Tatyana and Alexey.

The Kosygin family was friends with the families of the writer Sholokhov, composer Khachaturian, and rocket designer Chelomey.

In 1940 - 1960 - deputy prev Council of People's Commissars - Council of Ministers of the USSR. In 1941 - deputy. prev Council for the evacuation of industry to the eastern regions of the USSR. From January to July 1942 - Commissioner of the State Defense Committee in besieged Leningrad. Participated in the evacuation of the population and industrial enterprises and property of Tsarskoe Selo. The Tsarevich walked around Ladoga on the yacht “Standard” and knew the surroundings of the Lake well, so he organized the “Road of Life” across the Lake to supply the city.

Alexey Nikolaevich created an electronics center in Zelenograd, but enemies in the Politburo did not allow him to bring this idea to fruition. And today Russia is forced to purchase household appliances and computers from all over the world.

The Sverdlovsk Region produced everything from strategic missiles to bacteriological weapons, and was filled with underground cities hiding under the symbols “Sverdlovsk-42”, and there were more than two hundred such “Sverdlovsks”.

He helped Palestine as Israel expanded its borders at the expense of Arab lands.

He implemented projects for the development of gas and oil fields in Siberia.

But the Jews, members of the Politburo, made the main line of the budget the export of crude oil and gas - instead of the export of processed products, as Kosygin (Romanov) wanted.

In 1949, during the promotion of G. M. Malenkov’s “Leningrad Affair,” Kosygin miraculously survived. During the investigation, Mikoyan, deputy. Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, “organized Kosygin’s long trip around Siberia, due to the need to strengthen cooperation activities and improve matters with the procurement of agricultural products.” Stalin agreed on this business trip with Mikoyan on time, because he was poisoned and from the beginning of August to the end of December 1950 lay in his dacha, miraculously remaining alive!

When addressing Alexei, Stalin affectionately called him “Kosyga”, since he was his nephew. Sometimes Stalin called him Tsarevich in front of everyone.

In the 60s Tsarevich Alexei, realizing the ineffectiveness of the existing system, proposed a transition from social economics to real economics. Keep records of sold, and not manufactured, products as the main indicator of the efficiency of enterprises, etc. Alexey Nikolaevich Romanov normalized relations between the USSR and China during the conflict on the island. Damansky, meeting in Beijing at the airport with the Prime Minister of the State Council of the People's Republic of China Zhou Enlai.

Alexey Nikolaevich visited the Venevsky Monastery in the Tula region and communicated with the nun Anna, who was in touch with the entire Royal family. He even once gave her a diamond ring for clear predictions. And shortly before his death he came to her, and she told him that He would die on December 18!

The death of Tsarevich Alexei coincided with the birthday of L.I. Brezhnev on December 18, 1980, and during these days the country did not know that Kosygin had died.

The ashes of the Tsarevich have been resting in the Kremlin wall since December 24, 1980!

KOSYGIN MADE AN ECONOMIC MIRACLE OUT OF OUR COUNTRY! REAL! EVERLASTING MEMORY!

Until 1927, the Royal Family met on the stones of St. Seraphim of Sarov, next to the Tsar’s dacha, on the territory of the Vvedensky Skete of the Seraphim-Ponetaevsky Monastery. Now all that remains of the Skete is the former baptismal sanctuary. It was closed in 1927 by the NKVD. This was preceded by general searches, after which all the nuns were relocated to different monasteries in Arzamas and Ponetaevka. And icons, jewelry, bells and other property were taken to Moscow.

In the 20s - 30s. Nicholas II stayed in Diveevo at st. Arzamasskaya, 16, in the house of Alexandra Ivanovna Grashkina - schemanun Dominica (1906 - 2009).

Stalin built a dacha in Sukhumi next to the dacha of the Royal Family and came there to meet with the Emperor and his cousin Nicholas II.

In the uniform of an officer, Nicholas II visited Stalin in the Kremlin, as confirmed by General Vatov (d. 2004), who served in Stalin’s guard.

Marshal Mannerheim, having become the President of Finland, immediately withdrew from the war, as he secretly communicated with the Emperor. And in Mannerheim’s office there hung a portrait of Nicholas II. Confessor of the Royal Family since 1912, Fr. Alexey (Kibardin, 1882 - 1964), living in Vyritsa, cared for a woman who arrived there from Finland in 1956 as a permanent resident. the Tsar's eldest daughter, Olga.

In Sofia after the revolution, in the building of the Holy Synod on St. Alexander Nevsky Square, the confessor of the Highest Family, Vladyka Feofan (Bistrov), lived.

Vladyka never served a memorial service for the August Family and told his cell attendant that the Royal Family was alive! And even in April 1931 he went to Paris to meet with Tsar Nicholas II and the people who freed the Royal Family from captivity. Bishop Theophan also said that over time the Romanov Family would be restored, but through the female line.

Expertise

Head Department of Biology of the Ural Medical Academy Oleg Makeev said: “Genetic examination after 90 years is not only complicated due to the changes that have occurred in bone tissue, but also cannot give an absolute result even if it is carried out carefully. The methodology used in the studies already conducted is still not recognized as evidence by any court in the world.”

The foreign expert commission to investigate the fate of the Royal Family, created in 1989, chaired by Pyotr Nikolaevich Koltypin-Vallovsky, ordered a study by scientists from Stanford University and received data on the DNA discrepancy between the “Ekaterinburg remains.”

The commission provided for DNA analysis a fragment of the finger of V.K. St. Elizabeth Feodorovna Romanova, whose relics are kept in the Jerusalem Church of Mary Magdalene.

“The sisters and their children should have identical mitochondrial DNA, but the results of the analysis of the remains of Elizaveta Fedorovna do not correspond to the previously published DNA of the alleged remains of Alexandra Fedorovna and her daughters,” was the conclusion of the scientists.

The experiment was carried out by an international team of scientists led by Dr. Alec Knight, a molecular taxonomist from Stanford University, with the participation of geneticists from Eastern Michigan University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, with the participation of Dr. Lev Zhivotovsky, an employee of the Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

After the death of an organism, the DNA begins to quickly decompose (cut) into pieces, and the more time passes, the more these parts are shortened. After 80 years, without creating special conditions, DNA segments longer than 200 - 300 nucleotides are not preserved. And in 1994, during analysis, a segment of 1,223 nucleotides was isolated.”

Thus, Pyotr Koltypin-Vallovskoy emphasized: “Geneticists again refuted the results of the examination carried out in 1994 in the British laboratory, on the basis of which it was concluded that the “Ekaterinburg remains” belonged to Tsar Nicholas II and his Family.”

Japanese scientists presented the Moscow Patriarchate with the results of their research regarding the “Ekaterinburg remains.”

On December 7, 2004, in the MP building, Bishop Alexander of Dmitrov, vicar of the Moscow Diocese, met with Dr. Tatsuo Nagai. Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Director of the Department of Forensic and Scientific Medicine at Kitazato University (Japan). Since 1987, he has been working at Kitazato University, is vice-dean of the Joint School of Medical Sciences, director and professor of the Department of Clinical Hematology and the Department of Forensic Medicine. He published 372 scientific papers and made 150 presentations at international medical conferences in various countries. Member of the Royal Society of Medicine in London.

He identified the mitochondrial DNA of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II. During the assassination attempt on Tsarevich Nicholas II in Japan in 1891, his handkerchief remained there and was applied to the wound. It turned out that the DNA structures from the cuts in 1998 in the first case differ from the DNA structure in both the second and third cases. The research team led by Dr. Nagai took a sample of dried sweat from the clothes of Nicholas II, stored in the Catherine Palace of Tsarskoye Selo, and performed a mitochondrial analysis on it.

In addition, a mitochondrial DNA analysis was carried out on the hair, lower jaw bone and thumbnail of V.K. Georgiy Alexandrovich, the younger brother of Nicholas II, buried in the Peter and Paul Cathedral. He compared DNA from bone cuts buried in 1998 in the Peter and Paul Fortress with blood samples from Emperor Nicholas II’s own nephew Tikhon Nikolaevich, as well as with samples of the sweat and blood of Tsar Nicholas II himself.

Dr. Nagai's conclusions: "We obtained different results from those obtained by Drs. Peter Gill and Dr. Pavel Ivanov in five respects."

Glorification of the King

Sobchak (Finkelstein, d. 2000), while mayor of St. Petersburg, committed a monstrous crime - he issued death certificates for Nicholas II and his family members to Leonida Georgievna. He issued certificates in 1996 - without even waiting for the conclusions of Nemtsov’s “official commission”.

The “protection of the rights and legitimate interests” of the “imperial house” in Russia began in 1995 by the late Leonida Georgievna, who, on behalf of her daughter, the “head of the Russian imperial house,” applied for state registration of the deaths of members of the Imperial House killed in 1918 - 1919. , and issuing death certificates."

On December 1, 2005, an application was submitted to the Prosecutor General's Office for the “rehabilitation of Emperor Nicholas II and members of his family.” This application was submitted on behalf of “Princess” Maria Vladimirovna by her lawyer G. Yu. Lukyanov, who replaced Sobchak in this post.

The glorification of the Royal Family, although it took place under Ridiger (Alexy II) at the Council of Bishops, was just a cover for the “consecration” of the Temple of Solomon.

After all, only a Local Council can glorify the Tsar in the ranks of the Saints. Because the King is the exponent of the Spirit of the entire people, and not just the Priesthood. That is why the decision of the Council of Bishops in 2000 must be approved by the Local Council.

According to ancient canons, God’s saints can be glorified after healing from various ailments occurs at their graves. After this, it is checked how this or that ascetic lived. If he lived a righteous life, then healings come from God. If not, then such healings are performed by the Demon, and they will later turn into new diseases.

In order to be convinced from your own experience, you need to go to the grave of Emperor Nicholas II, in Nizhny Novgorod at the Red Etna cemetery, where he was buried on December 26, 1958.

The funeral service and burial of Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II was performed by the famous Nizhny Novgorod elder and priest Gregory (Dolbunov, d. 1996).

Sergey Zhelenkov