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As a rare annual plant, peanuts are now found in various climatic regions planets. Despite the fact that its homeland is the warm climate of South America, where wild species are perennials. Even if climatic conditions curious summer residents and owners of private estates who know how to plant peanuts do not allow this plant to be planted on large industrial plantations. open ground, proudly treat their loved ones with healthy groundnuts.

Some conduct successful agrotechnical experiments in their dachas. Others use greenhouses, home greenhouses are just window sills. Curiosity and pleasure from the results of work cannot be stopped. The more advice and experience of specialists on how to plant peanuts is used, the better the result.

Agrotechnics of cultivation

Peanuts are classified as plants those who love warmth, light from the legume family. It develops ideally at temperatures of 25, 27 . At temperatures below 15, a warm sunny place without shade, good ventilation, and timely watering help the formation of beautiful bushes. Its small yellow flowers live one day. Formed due to pollination, the ovaries sink into the ground, where they turn into useful groundnuts. Flowers remaining on the surface die and do not take part in the formation of the crop. Therefore, it is very important to know how to plant peanuts in the garden, keep the soil in a breathable, loose state, and carry out hilling several times like a potato bush.

Peanut varieties

The main condition for the success of obtaining a good peanut harvest is the selection of high-quality seeds of popular varieties and compliance with important technological aspects of cultivation. The number of new varieties is growing from year to year. Each has varieties. Many have care features that depend on local conditions. The following varieties are most often planted:

1. Spanish. Not very large beans are used to make sweets and butter. The bushes are low growing. The bred subspecies of Dixie Spanish, Argentine, Spanko, Shafers, Natal Spanish are different increased content oils in fruits.
2. Runner. Variety great taste, giving high yields. Passes easily heat treatment before use. Main subspecies: Dixie Runner, Georgia green, AT-108, Bradford Runner.
3. Virginia. The most common variety with large fruits. Most often used in the preparation of salted nuts and in confectionery. A rich harvest is formed by shoots and on bundles. The main subspecies are called Gul, Gregory, Wilson, Shulamit.
4. Valencia. Large fruits, heavy stem, wide, tall bush. The beans are most often used in the preparation of boiled peanuts. There are very few small nuts.

Peanut care

To plant peanuts, beans pre-soaked in potassium permanganate or seedlings prepared in small containers are used. Small beans germinate poorly. The soil chosen is fertile, loose, permeable, and has been previously dug in the fall. Peanuts do not grow well in soils high in salt and acidity. By adding lime, chalk, and phosphogypsum, you can improve the composition of the soil allocated for planting peanuts. The plant responds well to phosphorus fertilizers. Therefore, it is recommended to apply nitrophoska in the spring in the amount of 60 g per square meter. Sowing is carried out at the end of May after weather conditions have stabilized and the ground temperature has reached at least 15 degrees. Holes for planting are located at a distance of 30 cm in checkerboard pattern. Their depth is 10 cm. Three peeled, pre-soaked nuts are placed in each hole. The distance between the rows is about 20 cm. For sowing, it is better to use unshelled beans purchased in specialized stores.

The moisture-loving plant is watered once a week throughout its growth period. The soil is kept in wet without excess water. The best option Watering is considered to be irrigation, the drip method. The highest need for moisture will be at the time of flowering and ovary formation. When the stalk sinks into the ground, the plant is earthed up. The first hilling is carried out approximately three weeks after flowering to a height of 7 cm. Then this must be done again every 10 days three more times until the bush gets stronger. Some gardeners recommend carrying out the first hilling after a week of flowering. After hilling, the plant does not need watering. A month before harvesting, watering and fertilizing with mineral fertilizers are completely stopped. The soil around the bush is periodically loosened and weeded. It is recommended to apply mineral fertilizers three times: at the formation of the first leaves, flowering, and the formation of ovaries. Birds love to eat tender seedlings. A scarecrow is installed to protect them.

The experience of specialists and their tips on how to plant peanuts in the country indicate the need to observe crop rotation. Excellent predecessors for peanuts are cabbage, cucumbers, and potatoes. It cannot be planted after legumes. On small summer cottages Covering material and greenhouses are often used to protect against possible cold snaps. Peanuts are often planted along with tomatoes along the walls of the greenhouse. The lower leaves of the tomato are cut off, giving light to the peanut bushes that are actively developing in such conditions. This proximity is beneficial for both cultures. Peanuts enrich the soil with nitrogen due to the bacteria contained in the tubers, which is beneficial for tomatoes.

A real decoration of the greenhouse, shelves, and window sills will be a peanut bush. Moreover, it is also useful. Tips on how to plant peanuts at home recommend doing this as follows. Plant the sprouted seeds in small cups. Shoots will appear in 10 days. Dry seeds may not germinate. It is recommended to soak beans at the end of April. Hardening of sprouts is often used. To do this, they are taken into a room with a lower temperature during the day. They return at night. The process lasts 10 days. After two strong leaves appear, the peanuts are transplanted into a prepared wide container. This is usually done three weeks after germination. The pot is selected so that the shoots do not hang out of it, but are kept in a straight position. The ovaries should have enough space to access the soil. You can use additional reinforcements and ensure good contact with the surface of the soil in the pot. Otherwise, agricultural methods are similar to those used in open ground. It is better to place the pot of peanuts on a sunny windowsill. The lack of lighting is compensated by using special lamps. Peanuts do not tolerate drafts.

The signal to begin harvesting is the yellowing of all leaves. Using a fork, the bushes are carefully dug up, the fruits in the mesh shell are removed from the stems, dried under canopies or in places well protected from the sun. The collection is carried out in dry weather, when the bush is easily dug out. If the ground is wet, part of the crop remains in it. After drying, the shell is removed. It breaks easily. One bush, subject to proper care, yields about 0.5 kg groundnuts. The entire harvest must be harvested before the onset of autumn frosts. When harvesting is late, nuts may contain unpleasant bitterness. The beans lose their viability. They cannot be used for planting.

The plant is damaged by root and fungal rot. It suffers from the appearance of caterpillars, aphids, and insects that love legumes. Ash, tobacco, and chemicals are used to kill pests.

Useful properties, application

Peanuts have long been a favorite product in human nutrition. Despite its satiety, it is well absorbed due to high content proteins. The oil obtained from groundnuts has properties that are not inferior to the well-known product from olives. Even the shells and tops of the plant do not disappear. They are nutritious food for animals. Fruits contain vitamins, microelements, minerals, necessary for the body person. In addition, it contains antioxidants that help fight many diseases. In terms of protein content, it is second only to soybeans. Studies have shown the ability of peanuts to improve blood clotting and strengthen the immune system. The main thing is that when using this delicacy in the form of salted nuts or a sweet addition to baked goods, do not forget about its active allergenic abilities.

In addition to the use of peanuts in pharmacological processes, chemical industry, for release cosmetics, it benefits the soil by enriching useful elements. After it, the soil fertility improves, which makes it possible to grow some capricious plants here.

See how to grow peanuts from seedlings

Many summer residents like to experiment with growing new crops. It’s nice to surprise guests by putting something so unusual on the table, proudly declaring: “I grew it myself in the garden.” If you are one of these enthusiastic people, try growing peanuts. By the way, this task is not so difficult, and in our article we will introduce you in detail to this crop and agricultural cultivation techniques.

It turns out that this is not a nut at all.

Although peanuts are called nuts, they are actually related to regular beans, because... belongs to the same family - legumes. This plant looks like this:

The bush has a height of 0.5-0.6 m.

The stem is branched.

The leaves are pinnate, dark green.

The flowers are yellow, small, sometimes their number reaches 2 hundred. The lower ones gradually descend to the ground, penetrate into it and there turn into a bean, which is called a nut. Each shell produces from 1 to 4 light pink seeds. 30-70 nuts are collected from one bush.

About the benefits of peanuts

Of course, peanuts are delicious, especially roasted ones, but these are not all of their advantages, because they contain what the body needs so much:

carbohydrates;

linolenic acid, vitamins B, E, if the beans are processed into oil.

And from these delicious nuts they make peanut butter, which in its own way energy value the same as meat, but healthier due to the folic acid content in it.

We grow peanuts

To grow this legume family plant in our temperate climate, you should buy seeds of the following varieties:

Krasnodarets 13;

Krasnodarets 14;

Valencia 433;

Klinskaya.

Be careful: Make sure they don’t sell you processed or roasted beans, otherwise you’ll waste money, time, and never see any sprouts..

To grow peanuts at home, you need to know what they need to grow.

Conditions for plant development

Since nuts can develop exclusively in the ground, a good harvest is possible only in loose chernozem, sandy loam or neutral soil. It is necessary to have magnesium and potassium, as well as humus in large quantities. By hilling the bushes up to 3 times per season, we will increase the amount of ovary.

Since the birthplace of peanuts is South America where it grows as a perennial, then the second condition for its successful development is temperature. The optimal temperature is 20-27 degrees C, and as soon as it rises above +30 or drops below +15, the bushes stop growing.

The third condition for successful growing is good lighting. It is unacceptable to have plants nearby that shade this crop.

It is important that the bed in which this representative of legumes is planted is well ventilated.

When peanuts bloom and underground beans are formed, they require constant moisture, but not stagnant water. In September, when the seeds ripen, excess moisture can slow down this process.

The plant develops well in beds where cabbage, cucumbers, potatoes, tomatoes, grains were previously grown, but in no case beans, peas, i.e. its relatives are legumes. But after peanuts, any crops feel good in the garden.

If you are planning to grow it in large quantities and extract oil from it, then know that the color of peanuts depends on the soil. Beans grown in light soil will produce light oil, while beans grown in dark soil will produce darker oil.

Important: If the conditions necessary for the growth and development of peanuts are violated, the plant begins to hurt - spots appear on the leaves, which indicates the presence of root rot..

How to grow peanuts: ways

Groundnuts are grown through seedlings and by sowing in open ground. As planting material, you should take grains collected no more than 2 - 3 years ago, because then they lose their germination capacity. In any case, the seeds should first be germinated. This is done at the end of April:

Place the seeds in weak solution potassium permanganate for disinfection.

Wash and soak for germination. After 10 days, sprouts will appear.

We harden the sprouted seeds by keeping them indoors for 2-3 days at a temperature of about +3 degrees during daylight hours, and at night we transfer them to a place where the temperature is room temperature.

fill the cups with light soil in early April;

bury the seeds 3 centimeters into the ground;

place the cups on a sunny windowsill;

water moderately;

Meanwhile, we prepare the bed - we dig it up and remove the weeds;

Seedlings are grown from sprouted seeds or sown in a garden bed. First, let's look at how to grow peanuts from seedlings. So:

We plant the plants in early June with an interval of 15 - 20 cm from each other and 0.6 - 0.7 m row from row.

If you decide to plant peanuts directly in the ground, then as soon as it is established constant temperature air temperature is at least 20 degrees C, and the ground at a depth of 10 cm warms up to 15 degrees C, we begin to sow the sprouted seeds. The planting pattern is identical to that used when planting seedlings, and the depth is 60 - 80 mm. Sprouted seeds are planted in the ground not only to see the harvest faster, but also to protect them from damage by mole crickets.

Good to know : the shell in which the nuts are located contains many useful microscopic fungi, so it is crushed and also thrown into the ground when planting.

We fight the mole cricket

To destroy the mole cricket, we make bait:

we collect peelings and grain;

dig in the garden bed;

take a piece of roofing felt and cover it;

pour plant debris, manure or humus on top;

We periodically look through the bait and collect mole crickets.

FYI : as soon as the seedlings appear, it is necessary to protect them from birds, since the sprouts can be completely destroyed by crows and blackbirds.

Hilling, feeding peanuts

An important component of a good harvest is hilling, which is carried out several times a season:

Before the plants bloom, we hill up the bushes to a height of 50 to 70 mm.

10 days after it blooms.

Regularly with an interval of 10 days, gradually reducing the distance between the roots (gynophores) formed after flowering and the soil. We carry out the last hilling in early August.

Three times a season, namely when real leaves begin to form, buds begin to form, and then fruits, we apply mineral fertilizers per 1 hundred square meters:

nitrogen - from 0.45 to 0.6 kg;

phosphorus - from 0.5 to 0.6 kg;

potassium - up to 0.45 kg, but only in sandy loam soil.

Peanuts on a warm bed

When wondering how to grow peanuts in the country, consider an option such as a warm garden bed. It is better to prepare it in the fall or very early in the spring as a last resort:

We select a place and begin digging a trench to a depth of a spade bayonet. The optimal width is 1 m, and the length is whatever you want.

We store the top layer of soil on one side of the trench, and the bottom layer on the other.

We cover the bottom with plant debris and sprinkle it with soil. Place half-rotted compost on top.

We cover everything top layer land.

If the soil is healthy, then after 60 days the bed will be filled with warm water. nutritious soil, suitable for growing groundnuts.

Growing peanuts in a greenhouse

Peanuts are comfortable in a greenhouse, especially when grown in tandem with tomatoes, but provided that the latter are not very densely spaced so that light still reaches the peanuts. Legumes share nitrogen with tomatoes, and you don’t need to hill up the bushes often - 2 times in June is enough. By September the harvest will be ripe.

The name is believed to come from the Greek word meaning "spider". It seems that the plant received this name due to the similarity of the mesh pattern of its fruits with a cobweb.

The plant's homeland is South America, from where it migrated to Japan and India, and then to Madagascar and the Philippine Islands. Peanuts came to China thanks to the Portuguese in the 16th century, who founded a colony in Katon. This crop was brought to Africa in the 16th century on slave ships. It is believed that peanuts were first brought from Brazil to Guinea. The secondary genetic centers of the plant are considered to be Congo, Nigeria and Senegal, whose local residents extract edible oil, and the area under its cultivation immediately increased significantly.

The first country that began to cultivate peanuts for export was Senegal. From China and India, culture reached Spain, Italy, France, where it received interesting name- “Chinese nut”. In the USA it appeared only in the 19th century after Civil War. At that time, the cotton plant was severely damaged by the cotton boll weevil, and many farms switched to growing peanuts.

Peanuts first arrived in Russia in 1792 from Turkey. The plant is now being planted in areas Central Asia, southern Ukraine, Transcaucasia, Northern Caucasus.

General description of peanuts

Peanut is annual plant, presented in the form of a bush about 75 cm high, with small yellow flowers. There are two forms of peanuts in culture: creeping and bush. This plant is distinguished by a developed, branching root that penetrates 1.5 m into the ground. There are varieties with erect shoots, in others they are creeping, in others they are completely mixed. The stem of peanuts is branched, reaching 15-25 m in creeping varieties, and 60 cm in erect varieties. The branches of the bushes are slightly pubescent.

The leaves are pinnate, their upper side is glossy, the lower side is slightly pubescent.

The flowers are of a characteristic moth type, yellow-orange in color, self-pollinating.

The underground flowers are small in size, have no color, and are also self-pollinating. Peanut beans are distinguished by their cocoon-like shape with a fragile, dark or light brown, red shell. Seeds are elongated oval or round shape.

Growing Peanuts

This plant can be grown either in seedlings or in open ground. For planting, you need to prepare seeds and pieces of beans.

• Seedling. Planting seeds begins in April in pre-prepared cups to a depth of 3 cm. The soil should be fluffy and loose, since the crop prefers soft soil. Cups with seeds are placed on a sunny windowsill and watered sparingly. Planting in the ground takes place in early June. But before making it, it is necessary to prepare the bed well in advance: it needs digging, drying, fluffing up the soil and completely eliminating weeds and their rhizomes. When planting, you should maintain a distance of 60-70 cm between the rows and 15-20 between the plants themselves.
• Open ground. You can plant seeds in open ground when the temperature rises to 20 degrees and the ground warms up to 15 degrees. Such conditions most often already exist in early May. the site advises paying attention to the looseness of the soil, since when the ovaries form, the fruits penetrate underground and are practically “buried” there, ripening underground. After sowing the seeds and after the first shoots appear, you need to carefully protect peanuts from crows and blackbirds, which can destroy the entire crop. The landing pattern is the same as in seedling method.
• Choosing a landing site. Peanuts love light very much, therefore, you need to choose a site that is well lit by the sun throughout the day. Although, it can still tolerate a little shading calmly.

Peanut care

Caring for this plant involves regularly loosening the soil, fighting diseases and various pests, as well as thorough weeding. If the area where peanuts are grown is overgrown with weeds, then you can hardly expect a good harvest. It is best to carry out weeding after watering or precipitation.

After the ovaries form, peanuts, like potatoes, bud.

However, as for other legumes.

Watering should be moderate so that the soil does not dry out. Peanuts love moisture, but overly moist soils are not suitable for them. However, when the plant blooms, watering increases - 3-4 times a month.

Peanuts respond favorably to the application of mineral fertilizers three times per season, especially during periods of leaf ripening, fruit set and budding.

Diseases and pests

Like other legumes, peanuts are susceptible to attacks by caterpillars, aphids and thrips. Sometimes he is also amazed the following diseases: stem and root rot, viral diseases, fungal spotting.

Peanut harvest

Exact time Harvesting is difficult to determine because peanut beans ripen underground. Most often this is done at an air temperature of 10 degrees. To check, you can dig up one bean and inspect it. The harvest should be harvested in dry weather, then the bush is easily pulled out of the soil, and the leaves on it have not yet turned yellow. The bush is dug up and removed from the soil. If harvest time has been missed, then more the fruit will remain in the ground. It is better to place the bush for drying in a sunny place or in a place with good ventilation.

Dry for 5 days. If the beans are well dried, they will rattle quite loudly when shaken.

We grow peanuts on our own plot (video)

Peanut varieties

There are often several varieties of peanuts on sale, the range of which changes quite often. Here and in Ukraine, zoned varieties are most often used for cultivation, which have proven themselves well in certain local conditions. For example, these include Krasnodarets 14, Stepnyak, Valencia Ukrainian, Krasnodarets 13, Valencia 433. Widespread received the Klinskaya variety, intended for the steppe zone of Ukraine.

Peanut uses

Groundnuts, or peanuts, are grown to produce food seeds. vegetable oil, which is contained in the seeds of the plant about 53%. In terms of oil content, peanuts are second only to soybeans. Oil obtained from peanuts is most often used in confectionery and canning industries. The ground seeds of the plant are added to chocolate. The roasted seeds are used as food and, when crushed, are often used in cooking. confectionery. Peanut tops and cake are used as animal feed.

How to plant peanuts to get a big harvest? After all, this is wonderful, tasty and very healthy nut, whose homeland is South America. There it grows as a wild perennial plant. He came to Europe a long time ago, but for a long time was known as the "Chinese pistachio", although it has nothing in common with it.

About peanuts

The annual plant, called “groundnut,” reaches a height of 80 cm. The size and taste depend on the variety and growing conditions. How larger fruits and the more nutritious the soil, the higher its above-ground part. It is noteworthy that the color of peanuts directly depends on the soil. If it is grown on light soils, the kernels will produce light oil

Its numerous stems can be either erect or lying between the rows. The leaves of the plant are double-paired, and in general it resembles alfalfa. The flowers are unusual and funny; they can be underground or above the ground. The underground ones are pollinated in unopened buds, and the aboveground ones, located in the axils of the leaves, attract attention with their bright yellow color.

After self-pollination, a thin sprout develops - a gynophore, which tends to burrow into the ground along with the ovary. If the soil is too dense or difficult to reach, the thin threads of the gynophora wither and die, remaining as dried hairs on the plant.

Fruits form in the soil - oblong beans with valves. One bush can produce a harvest of 30 beans, which contain nuts - grains. Mostly beans contain from 2 to 4 pieces, sometimes up to 6 pieces. cores.

About the benefits of nuts

Everyone loves peanuts and there is a reason for it, it is useful for both. Groundnut grains contain large number vitamins, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, proteins and fats. It is very nutritious and satisfying - 100 g of nuts account for 550 kcal. Easily digestible, rich in antioxidants, helps in the treatment of many diseases, improves lactation, and is an indispensable raw material in cooking and the confectionery industry.

Peanut oil in its qualities can be compared with olive oil and is in no way inferior to it. All components of groundnuts have found use in humans - the tops and shells are used as livestock feed, the nuts and oil are used in cosmetology and pharmacology. Peanut kernels are used to make a nutritious paste, which in terms of energy value can replace not only bread, but also meat.

Where to start growing

If a person first thinks about how to plant peanuts in his garden, the main question for him will be where to get the seeds. Raw nuts from bags are not suitable for these purposes, especially fried, salted or candied ones. It is better to look for seeds in special stores for gardeners or purchase them online. It is advisable to take whole beans for planting - this will increase the chances of success.

Both grains and beans are sprouted on a plate in a cloth moistened with water. All this is covered with oilcloth and placed away from drafts in a warm place. If after a couple of days the nuts swell and sprouts appear, the seeds are suitable.

Agricultural technology

Knowledgeable gardeners know how to plant peanuts correctly. After all, this is a heat-loving crop and seed germination is observed in well-warmed soil, at least 10 C. If cold weather sets in, the sprouts die or become moldy. Therefore, you should not rush to plant seedlings. This is especially true for residents of places where spring comes late. And if we take into account that the development period of the plant will take 150 days, and it will still take time for the seedlings to sprout, then the harvest will have to be harvested far from September.

How to plant peanuts and get a harvest in this case? You will have to plant it in a pot and get 60-day seedlings. Groundnuts love moisture. When the soil dries out, the plant withers very quickly and stops growing, which greatly increases the growing season. And if the ovaries are buried in the soil, in the absence of watering they stop developing and may die. Those ovaries that try to penetrate the dry soil will also not be able to strengthen and will wither.

The key to a high yield is soil fertility. The plant requires fertilizing with mineral fertilizers. The more fertile the soil, the more beans will form.

Plant seedlings do not develop quickly and if the beds are overgrown with weeds, the grass can easily choke out the crop. Peanuts should be planted in sunny, well-fertilized areas, cleared of weeds.

Peanuts in the garden from seeds

Since it is not enough to properly plant peanuts in the garden in a bright place warmed by rays, you also need to provide the plant with the most loose soil possible. The moisture-loving nut requires frequent watering, especially in arid climates. The owner must plant the plant so that in the future it will be convenient to water the bush in the required volume.

Priming

Heavy clay soil is not suitable for the nut; it loves light soil in which it can burrow. The site for planting groundnuts must be prepared in the fall, and in the spring, when digging, the lumps should be broken up, the roots of weeds and sleeping pest pupae should be pulled out. Then the soil is leveled and fertilizers are applied. When digging up the ground, you need to select a bed, mark the width and length. Row spacing should be at least 50 cm wide.

Fertilizers

Plaster 5 kg. at 40 g. boric acid– when the soil is alkaline, chalk 5 kg. +40 g boric acid – on oxidized soils. The mixture must be scattered evenly 100 g per 1 meter. Then fertilize with universal fertilizer mixed with urea and potassium magnesium, 1 gram each. for a package of fertilizer. After scattering with a rake, small sides of 10-15 cm are made from the row spacing around the perimeter. The inside of the bed is leveled and mixed with fertilizers. The result is a soil trough with a flat surface of the earth, surrounded by dry soil. Then they begin to disembark.

Landing

Two furrows are made 10 cm deep, and seeds are laid out along the piled up sides at intervals of 8-10 cm. If all the grains germinate, they are thinned out by 15 cm. After sowing, the bed should be watered abundantly, but very carefully so as not to erode the soil. The plaster may dry out and crack on the surface, but after a couple of waterings everything will be fine. If necessary, install a film cover over the bed.

Care

The sprouts that appear must be cleared of weeds. First, weed the rows, then treat the areas between the bushes. Gently loosen the soil with a small hoe or pitchfork. After weeding, the soil is watered. Then the loosening and watering procedure is repeated once a week. As the plants grow, yellow flowers will appear. At this time, it is advisable to fertilize the soil again with the mixture added during sowing. They scatter it in the center of the bed, and then hill up the bushes. The sides are re-formed and watered.

For watering, it is better to organize an automated drip system in the center of the bed. Then, as the plant develops, watering, weeding, and getting rid of pests and moles are carried out. If the nut grows poorly, you can feed the soil again. A month before harvest, fertilization is completely stopped, while watering is reduced. When the foliage begins to turn yellow, stop watering completely.

If all growing conditions are not met, the plant may develop root rot and become covered with light spots.

Pests

Bears, birds, and mice love to feast on the shoots. For successful fight you can build a scarecrow with them or take the following measures:

• collect cleaning and dry grass, hay;
• dig in the garden bed;
• cover everything with roofing felt;
• Sprinkle manure or plant debris on top.

Mole crickets will fall for this trap. They will need to be periodically collected, destroyed, or fed to poultry.

Harvest

Since we managed to plant peanuts and care for them, in compliance with all the rules, we can hope for a good harvest. In late summer, the peanut foliage will wither and turn yellow. It's not a disease, it's normal natural process. The bush has laid a harvest and you can dig up one nut for testing. If the beans are not ripe, you will have to wait for the first frost. Watering is stopped, but if the soil is very dry, it will need to be moistened to avoid severe drying out of the soil.

Start collecting from the end of the bed. The base of the stem is dug up with a pitchfork, prying up the rhizome and shaking off the soil from the bush, laying it aside. The bushes are stacked root to root, and the torn beans are picked out from the soil.

The plants are collected and dried in a ventilated place, where the nuts can finally ripen and increase in weight. After 2 weeks, the nuts are washed from the soil and dried again. You can dry them on a radiator, on a stove or on a heater. The process will take a couple of weeks, otherwise the nuts will quickly become moldy and not open everything taste qualities. The readiness of the beans is determined by the ringing sound. If the wings are dry, break well in half and ring, then you can eat them.

Storage

The beans are stored in bags or immediately shelled. Peanuts can be roasted and placed in a roasted container, tightly covered and placed in a cold or, conversely, warm place near the stove.

Important! The shell of the kernels does not need to be thrown away. On its surface there are microscopic beneficial fungi. When planting, the shells are ground and thrown into the ground.

Peanut at home

How to plant peanuts at home when the weather and climate do not allow them to be grown outside? To do this you will need seeds, peat pots, soil mixture and film.

Since you cannot get peanuts without good seeds, you should purchase them from a trusted supplier. They must be free of damage, deterioration and cracks. There are large and small seeds. Larger crops are always larger and tastier. You don’t need to take a lot at once, but first try to grow a few bushes. On next year, you can expand your window garden.

Warmed fertile soil is poured into a flower pot, and if transplanting to an open place is planned, the seeds are planted in a peat container. If the plant is to be grown on a windowsill, place drainage at the bottom of the pot. The soil is given special attention, light porous soil mixed with river sand or peat is suitable.

It is necessary to take into account the conditions under which the nut will grow. After all, this is an exotic culture - it does not tolerate drafts and direct exposure to the sun. The most suitable temperature for germination is 25 C. The container should be at least 30 cm in diameter and 40 cm deep.

3-4 nuts, previously peeled and soaked in water, are placed 2 cm deep in the center of the container, sprinkled with earth on top. The soil is slightly moistened, covered with cellophane and placed on the windowsill. When seedlings appear, begin thorough watering. When the plant begins to bend, tie it to a stake. The yellow flowers that appear self-pollinate and fall off, forming an ovary. The genophore that has established itself in the soil will begin to form fruits. In 4-5 months. The groundnut will finally ripen and produce a harvest. This can be noticed by the withered, yellowed leaves, signaling final ripening.

Peanuts love space and therefore should be replanted in a spacious container, adding humus to the soil. Overdried soil destroys the plant, so soil moisture must be carefully monitored. It does not tolerate waterlogging or overdrying; excessive moisture can slow down the development of the plant.

When the bush is removed from the ground, the beans are separated from the branches and dried. You can dry them well in the oven.

Planting peanuts is not difficult, but it requires a lot of care. The main thing is to monitor the looseness of the soil, fertilize, weed and water the plant in a timely manner. Then the nut will delight you with a decent harvest, which will bring many benefits to the owners.

Groundnuts, which are so loved by many, can be grown in the garden. Growing peanuts is not like that complex process, as it may seem. You just need to select and sow an early ripening variety, and also strictly follow all agrotechnical recommendations.

Despite the fact that peanuts are considered a nut, they are actually a distant relative of beans. This is an annual legume about 0.5-0.6 m high, having a tap root, which, in turn, goes deep by 1.5 m. The diameter of the upper part of the rhizome can reach 1 m, which, in fact, explains the resistance of peanuts to drought.

The leaves are pinnate and have a dark green tint. The flowers are collected in inflorescences in the leaf axils and are orange or yellow. One flower develops in an inflorescence, due to which the flowering phase lasts from the last days of June until the onset of autumn cold weather. The flowers open at about 7 am and bloom until noon.

Pay attention! Each bush produces an average of 30-70 beans and about 2,000 flowers.

A few days after flowering, in place of each flower, a young ovary begins to develop, which is a kind of aerial “root”, bending and heading towards the ground. In the language of science, these ovaries are called gynophores and are designed to protect the offspring from drought and heat. Upper part Gynophora, after penetrating into the soil, quickly grows and forms a bean that has the shape of a cocoon or cylinder (for this reason, soil looseness is so important when growing crops). Each such bean produces from 1 to 4 pink, oval-shaped seeds.

Basic requirements for growing peanuts on the site

Let's consider what conditions should be provided for normal development culture.

If at least one of the above conditions is violated, the crop will begin to hurt - spots will form on its leaves, indicating the development of root rot.

Stage one. Preparing the site

Start preparing your beds in the fall. Dig up the selected area to the depth of a bayonet shovel, then apply organic fertilizer– compost, humus or wood ash at the rate of 2-3 kg/m². In the spring, cultivate the area (to a depth of no more than 10 cm) and remove the weeds along with the roots. It is also advisable to add nitrophoska (approximately 50 g/m²).

Stage two. Selecting and preparing planting material

To get the greatest yield, give preference to zoned varieties. Buy them from a reliable gardening store or, alternatively, from friends or neighbors. Not only beans (crushed/whole), but also husked seeds can be used as seeds.

The most common varieties of peanuts in temperate climates include the following:

• Stepnyak;
• Klinskaya;
• Krasnodarets 14;
• Valencia 433.

Pay attention! When purchasing, be extremely careful so that you are not given fried or otherwise processed grains. Otherwise, time and money will be wasted.

Groundnuts can be grown either by sowing in open soil or by seedlings. If you prefer the first option, then use only those seeds that were collected no more than 2 years ago (germination is lost over the years). Regardless of the chosen method, grains must be germinated around the end of April. To do this, follow the instructions below.

Step one. Take the seeds and dip them in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for 15 minutes to disinfect.

Step two. Rinse the seeds with running water and soak for germination. After 10 days, the first shoots form.

Step three. Harden off the resulting sprouts. To do this, keep them in a room with a temperature of about 3°C ​​during the day for several days, and at night transfer them to room temperature.

Stage two. Landing

Method one. Planting in open soil

When temperature regime will be at least 20°C (for the forest-steppe this is usually mid-May), and the ground at a 10-centimeter depth will warm up to at least 15°C, you can begin sowing sprouted seeds. If the temperature is lower, the seeds will simply rot before they have time to sprout.

Prepare the area for sowing using one of two possible schemes:

• square-cluster (0.7x0.7 m or 0.6x0.6 m), in which 5-6 grains must be placed in a hole;
• wide-row (distance between bushes is 15-20 cm, row spacing is about 60 cm).

In both the first and second methods, the sowing depth should be 6-8 cm. Take only large grains, since small or damaged seedlings may not sprout. After sowing, fill the holes with soil and compact them lightly. It is worth noting that the nut shell contains many beneficial microorganisms, so many gardeners crush it and place it in the holes during planting.

Pay attention! At first, protect the plantings from birds (such as magpies, crows, etc.), because they can destroy not only young shoots, but also seed material.

To protect against mole crickets, you can make one simple bait: collect grain and peelings, dig it all in the garden bed, and then cover it with a piece of roofing material. Sprinkle manure or plant debris on top. Make several of these baits and look through them from time to time while collecting mole crickets.

Video - Planting Peanuts

Method two. Growing seedlings

As noted earlier, peanuts can also be grown using seedlings. In this case, proceed according to the following algorithm.

Table. How to grow peanuts from seedlings

Steps, no.	Brief description	Illustration
Step 1	In early April, fill plastic cups with light soil.
Step 2	Place the seeds in the soil, deepening it about 3 cm.
Step 3	Place the cups on a well-lit windowsill.
Step 4	Water your crops moderately.
Step 5	At the same time, prepare the bed - dig it up, fertilize it and remove weeds. In short, do everything listed above.
Step 6	In early June, when the seedlings are 28-30 days old (for regions with a temperate climate, this period can increase to 60 days), transplant the sprouts into the soil using one of the same schemes as when sowing seeds.

Stage three. Further care

In May the ground is still quite moist melt water, which means that it should be watered only after the mass emergence of seedlings (twice a month, using only water heated in the sun). It is better to resort to drip irrigation or, alternatively, furrow irrigation. Young shoots will immediately give yellow color.

No less an important condition A good harvest is achieved by periodic hilling.

Perform this procedure several times per season.

1. Before flowering begins, hill up the plants to a height of 0.5-0.7 m.
2. Hill up the second time 10 days after the start of flowering.
3. In the future, do this every 10 days, over time reducing the distance between the gynophores that appeared during flowering and the soil. Perform the final hilling in early August.

Video - Hilling peanuts

Finally, apply min three times. fertilizers, namely 450 g of potassium (if we're talking about about sandy loam soil), 500-600 g of phosphorus and 450-600 g of nitrogen for every hundred square meters of land.

Apply fertilizer:

• during the formation of true leaves;
• during tying buds;
• during fruit set.

Stage four. Harvesting

By mid-autumn the fruits should ripen. Approximately in early October, when the weather is dry outside, dig up the bushes with a shovel. Lightly shake each bush off the ground, turn it over and place it on the ground with the root system facing up so that the fruits dry out a little. Then move them indoors or under a canopy to dry and keep them there for at least 4 days.

When the stems dry naturally, start processing groundnuts. Next, dry the fruits at room temperature and place them in cardboard boxes for storage (you can use small canvas bags instead). Store fruits in a dry and well-ventilated place.

Pay attention! To speed up the drying process, you can use, for example, an oven, but the temperature in the appliance should not exceed 40°C.

About other ways to grow peanuts

There are other, less popular growing methods, which in fairness should also be familiarized with (at least in general terms).

On warm beds

When choosing one method or another, you should pay attention to warm beds. Prepare the latter in the fall or early spring, following the instructions below.

Step one. Decide on a location and dig trenches 15-20 cm deep. The recommended width of the beds is 1 m; as for the length, it can be any.

Step two. Lay the top layer of soil on one side of the trench, and the bottom layer on the other.

Step three. Cover the bottom with the remains of plants, sprinkle them with a small amount of soil. Scatter rotted compost on top.

Step four. Cover the beds with a top layer of soil.

After about 60 days, the beds will consist of warm, nutritious soil, which is ideal for growing the crop.

At home

After growing the seedlings, you can keep 2-3 sprouts for yourself to grow on the windowsill.

Step one. Take a wide container, fill it with soil mixed with sand/humus.

Step two. Plant the plants in the soil, place the container on the brightest windowsill (there should be no drafts in the room).

Step three. Expect the flower to appear and the bean to form. Make sure that the shoots do not extend beyond the container, otherwise the set fruit will not develop.

Step four. Loosen and water the soil periodically.

Step five. When the plant stops growing and the leaves turn yellow, you can harvest the fruits.

In the greenhouse

In greenhouse conditions, the crop feels quite comfortable, especially next to tomatoes (the latter should not be located too densely so as not to shade the peanuts). In this case, the peanuts will share nitrogen with the tomatoes, and the bushes only need to be hilled twice (in June).

In general, planting and care are not much different from what needs to be done when growing in open soil, except that the windows and ends of the greenhouse need to be periodically opened for ventilation. Harvesting can begin as early as September.

Video - Features of growing peanuts