Antiseptic liquids for external use. Medical antiseptic solution

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Chemical antiseptic drugs are used for therapeutic and prophylactic actions to destroy microbes and viruses in the wound.

Antiseptics act on microorganisms with bactericidal and bacteriostatic substances. To treat the wound surface, drugs are used that have a detrimental effect on the microflora, but do not affect human cells and tissues.

Basic drugs

Even the most minor scratches, abrasions, and cuts need to be treated. Wounds that were treated immediately after injury or in the first 2 hours heal faster than untreated ones.

It is necessary to treat both deep wounds and minor ones. Any splinter, puncture, or abrasion can serve as an entrance gate for the penetration of microorganisms. It is also necessary to treat open fractures, burns, frostbite, especially if earth, sand, pieces of clothing, glass, etc. get into the wound surface.

Antiseptics for treating wounds and surrounding tissues affect bacterial, fungal, viral and mixed microflora. In addition, they act on anaerobic microbes, tuberculosis bacillus, and other microorganisms.

The most common antiseptics can speed up or slow down wound healing, depending on what phase of the wound process they are used in. Therefore, each antiseptic solution, powder, spray has a specific role for proper use. Next, consider the list of basic antiseptics for treating wounds.

Hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide or peroxide, chemical formula H2O2, has an antiseptic, that is, disinfecting effect. In medical practice, a 3% solution is used to treat wounds.

When interacting with the enzyme peroxidase, complex compounds are formed, and as a result of the reaction, a large amount of foam is released.

The resulting foamy liquid has the following effect in the wound:

Softens blood clots;
Flushes out purulent contents;
Removes dead cells;
Separates damaged tissue from the living surface.

Shallow and small wounds are not treated with peroxide, since this agent can not only affect microorganisms, but also living cells.

A softened wound heals more slowly, and after healing, scars form. For high-quality treatment of complex, deep, especially purulent wounds, hydrogen peroxide has a great advantage over other antiseptics.

Furacilin

The product is used for external antibacterial treatment of the wound surface. Furacilin is used for frostbite and burns, for disinfection of minor abrasions and cracks, as well as for softening old dried bandages.

There are several forms of release of furatsilin:

Alcohol 0.067% solution;
Aqueous 0.02% solution;

Furacilin tablets - contains Nitrofural 20 mg;
Furacilin 0.2% ointment;
Furacilin paste.

All forms of release change only externally. The drug acts on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, protozoa. Some pathogenic microorganisms become resistant to Nitrofural.

Ethanol

A one-component antiseptic is used in 70% concentration. It is used to treat the edges of a wound or postoperative sutures; the wound itself, as well as the mucous membranes, cannot be treated with alcohol.

The microbial activity of ethyl alcohol is widely used to disinfect surgeon’s hands, medical instruments, and for storing suture material.

Chlorhexidine bigluconate

The product is used to remove pathogenic microflora, it is used externally to treat wounds, to impregnate antiseptic wipes, and it is used to treat the surgical field and the hands of medical staff before surgery.

The drug is also used to prevent infectious processes in the period after surgery. There is no pain when applied to the surface.

Miramistin

The drug is used to provide first aid for minor and shallow injuries without critical blood loss to prevent infection from entering the wound.

Miramistin does not cause allergic reactions; it can be used for skin lesions, as well as for wounded mucous membranes.

The drug disinfects well, destroys various viruses and bacteria, prevents inflammation and purulent processes, and wound healing occurs faster.

Potassium permanganate solution

The drug is dark crystals of potassium permanganate. An aqueous solution of potassium permanganate is used to treat wounds. To do this, a small amount of crystals is dissolved in warm water until a light pink hue is obtained.

The resulting solution must be filtered through several layers of gauze to remove undissolved crystals.

The edges of the wound and the surrounding area are treated with the prepared product, excluding contact with the wound surface. At home, a light pink solution of potassium permanganate is most often used to soak and remove dried bandages.

Alcohol solution of iodine

The solution contains molecular iodine, the concentration of the active substance is 5%. Intended for external use, it is used to treat the edges of the damaged area, as well as postoperative sutures. In addition to its bacteriological properties, the product has a cauterizing and tanning effect.

The solution cannot be used to treat open areas; to prevent infection, only the skin around the wound is treated.

Iodine solution should not be used:

For thermal burns;
For frostbite;
For the treatment of chemical damage to the skin.

Rubbing the damaged area with a solution causes discomfort; currently WHO recommends the use of Miramistin, Chlorhexidine or their analogues. They do not cause pain when smearing or burns after application.

Zelenka

This drug is used for open wounds and closed skin lesions.

Green or brilliant green is available in the form of a 1% or 2% solution:

Currently, the pharmaceutical industry offers brilliant green in the form of a marker, which makes it easy to apply the product to the skin and accurately treat the damaged area. Antibacterial patches are also produced that contain a solution impregnated in a small concentration.

Fukortsin

Fukortsin solution has a fungicidal and antimicrobial effect. The drug contains boric acid, resorcinol, acetone, and phenol is used as an auxiliary agent.

The red cherry color of the product is due to the presence of a synthetic dye, fuchsin. The drug is often called Castellani paint.

Fucorcin solution is used:

For the treatment of superficial wounds;
For the treatment of fungal wounds, erosions;
To prevent infection of cracks and scratches;
For pustular skin lesions.

In case of herpes infection, the antiseptic Fukortsin dries and disinfects the surface, and also prevents further spread of the virus and accelerates the healing of wounds after the blisters disappear.

To prevent the solution from causing overdrying and tightening of the skin, after the antiseptic has dried, ointments or creams are additionally used to moisturize the skin.

Antiseptic spray for wounds

Antiseptics in the form of aerosols deserve special attention. An antiseptic spray for wounds is more convenient to use, since it does not come into contact with the injured area. Antiseptics in the form of a spray are actively used to treat burn wounds.

Names of the most popular and effective antiseptic sprays:

Antiseptics in powder form

Antiseptic in powder form is used to treat superficial purulent wounds, bedsores, and skin ulcerations. They have astringent, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal effects; the dry form relieves swelling, reduces the amount of mucus, dries, and prevents the formation of purulent discharge.

It is not very convenient to use drugs in powder form, so pharmacies use them to prepare pastes, ointments, solutions, and compresses for application to the skin. These antiseptics include: Collargol, Ethacridine, Protargol, Resorcinol, Phenol.

Pure powder is used in the form of powders only for the treatment of purulent wounds.

Solutions and ointments based on powders in small concentrations of 0.2-2% have an epithelializing effect; in the form of lotions and compresses they are applied to weeping lesions for regeneration and elimination of the inflammatory process.

At higher concentrations, 5-10% solutions and ointments have a keratolytic and cauterizing effect..

Contraindications to the use of powder products are deep wounds, burns, allergic skin reactions and intolerance to the components of the drug.

Treating an open wound with antiseptic solutions is included in the list of first aid measures and largely affects subsequent healing. Antiseptics for cuts, punctures and scratches help remove possible contaminants and pathogenic organisms. This ensures the prevention of purulent infections, which lead to various complications and significantly lengthen the recovery period.

Photo 1. Antiseptics are needed to destroy germs on damaged skin. Source: Flickr (Quinn Dombrowski)

General rules for treating wounds

With extensive or deep injuries to the skin, you should seek professional medical help, but a small wound can be treated on your own. In such a case, there should always be several antiseptics in your home medicine cabinet. In addition, it is imperative to comply sequence and processing rules:

At first wound Necessarily washed with water, if possible - with soap. Soapy water itself is a good antiseptic, especially for small cuts.
In the second stage, a suitable antiseptic solution. Which one is suitable depends on the nature and location of the damage. For example, alcohol products cannot be used on mucous membranes and delicate skin (near the eyes).
Third step - overlay, protecting against pathogenic microbes entering the wound.

If the wound is small, there is usually no need to take any additional measures, since it quickly heals on its own. It is better to show deep damage to a specialist: you may need preventive and therapeutic agents for healing.

Antiseptics and medications for wound treatment

The choice of antiseptics in pharmacy chains is very large. When purchasing a drug for your home medicine cabinet, you should consider its effectiveness and safety. In addition, all antiseptics are divided into 2 large groups: alcohol-based and water-based. Alcohol makes the solution more effective, but the aqueous solution does not irritate the skin and mucous membranes, so it is advisable to always have two products on hand.

Zelenka

Or brilliant green - the most famous antiseptic, which is a solution of dyes in alcohol.

It can be used to disinfect wounds literally from birth, for example, treating the umbilical wound in the maternity hospital is carried out using brilliant green. Means is effective and very affordable.

Care must be taken to ensure that the product does not get on the wound surface, so as not to provoke a burn or intoxication. Regularly, until granulations appear in it, signaling the beginning of healing.

Contraindications are limited only by individual intolerance.

Iodine

Another one, which is the chemical element iodine dissolved in alcohol. It has an antimicrobial effect against many pathogens and effectively prevents the development of infection.

Like brilliant green, iodine Only the edges of the damage need to be treated.

The product should not be overused - it can cause a chemical burn if applied frequently and gets into the wound itself, this can lead to prolonged healing of the wound surface due to the burn and the formation of scars. Contraindicated for pregnant women, as well as for persons with kidney disease, pyoderma, acne, furunculosis, tuberculosis.

Photo 2. You need to use iodine carefully, applying it to the edges of wounds. Source: Flickr (Kenga86)

Hydrogen peroxide

An excellent first aid treatment for wounds because allows you to wash the wound surface and mucous membranes without fear of irritation.

In addition, when it comes into contact with biological fluids, it foams, thus washing away all contaminants and already dead cells. When purchasing a product at a pharmacy, you should keep in mind that Only a 3% solution is used to treat wounds. The more concentrated (6%) irritates tissues and is intended exclusively for sterilization of medical instruments.

Note! It is contraindicated to use peroxide to disinfect already healing wounds, since it negatively affects the developing scar, destroying young epithelial cells.

Chlorhexidine bigluconate

An aqueous solution of chlorhexidine with a concentration of active substance of 0.5% has bactericidal activity against viruses, pathogenic bacteria and some fungi.

Not only used for primary treatment of the entire wound surface, but also during the healing stage, speeding it up, as well as for the treatment of purulent wounds.

It has no contraindications; it is a component of various topical antimicrobial agents (gels, suppositories).

Miramistin

The most effective antimicrobial agent, used not only for treating wounds.

An aqueous solution containing 0.01% of the active substance, destroys almost all pathogenic bacteria(including highly resistant nosocomial strains), various viruses and mushrooms.

The drug is completely non-toxic, so it is not contraindicated even for pregnant women and children. When used it does not cause any discomfort. Effective in the treatment of purulent wounds, promotes tissue regeneration.

Potassium permangantsovka

Until recently, it was freely sold in pharmacies, and you had to prepare the solution yourself by adding a few crystals to the water.

Now a ready-made product is sold, which is used for washing and treating wounds.

It is important! Requires special caution in use, as it is not compatible with certain medications. For example, in combination with peroxide it causes severe chemical burns.

The bactericidal effect is present only before the solution evaporates, therefore after drying, it is recommended to additionally use other antiseptics to protect against infection.

Povidone-iodine

The active substance is active iodine bound with polyvinylpyrrolidone, which provides more mild antiseptic effect.

In a regular solution, iodine is very active and has many contraindications, but PVP makes it safe. It does not contain alcohol and is available in the form of a 10% aqueous or 7.5% foaming solution, as well as suppositories and ointments.

Shown for complete treatment of aseptic and purulent wounds, and extensive ones - only at the edges. The limitation is associated with the ability to penetrate through the wound surface into the bloodstream and have a systemic effect. Contraindicated for thyroid diseases.

Fukortsin

The alcohol solution contains active compounds such as

phenol, which has a bactericidal effect;
boric acid is a weak antiseptic;
resorcinol – antifungal and antimicrobial agent;
fuchsin is a dye with an antistaphylococcal effect;
acetone - as a solvent.

The wound is treated with fucorcin several times a day using a cotton swab, and the irritating effect of the antiseptic appears briefly - a burning sensation is felt.

Active against fungi and bacteria.

Note! The drug is contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women due to the content of phenol and resorcinol, which have class 2 toxicity.

Trade name

International name

Ethanol

Group affiliation

Antiseptic

Description of the active substance

Dosage form

Solution for external use [alcohol], solution for external use and preparation of dosage forms

pharmachologic effect

An antimicrobial agent, when applied topically, has an antiseptic effect (denatures the proteins of microorganisms). Active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and viruses. Antiseptic activity increases with increasing ethanol concentration. To disinfect the skin, use a 70% solution, which penetrates into the deeper layers of the epidermis better than 95% and has a tanning effect on the skin and mucous membranes. When administered systemically, it has the ability to cause analgesia and general anesthesia. It is a solvent for a number of drugs, as well as an extractant for a number of substances contained in medicinal plant materials.

Indications

Treatment of the initial stages of diseases: boil, panaritium, mastitis; treatment of the surgeon's hands (Furbringer, Alfred methods), surgical field (including in persons with hypersensitivity to other antiseptics, in children and during operations on areas with thin skin in adults - neck, face). Conservation of biological material, production of dosage forms for external use, tinctures, extracts. As a locally irritating drug.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity.

Side effects

Allergic reactions, skin burns, hyperemia and soreness of the skin at the site of application of the compress. When applied externally, it is partially absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes and can have a resorptive general toxic effect (CNS depression).

Directions for use and doses

Externally, in the form of lotions. To treat the surgical field and preoperative disinfection of the surgeon’s hands, use a 70% solution; for compresses and rubdowns (to avoid burns), it is recommended to use a 40% solution. The 95% solution must be diluted to the required concentrations and used according to indications. As an irritating drug - in the form of rubdowns and compresses. Used internally in accordance with the instructions for medical use of dosage forms prepared on the basis of ethanol.

LP-005831

Trade name:

Medical antiseptic solution

International nonproprietary or generic name:

Dosage form:

concentrate for preparing a solution for external use

Compound:

Active substance:
ethanol (ethyl alcohol) 95% – 100.0 ml.

Description:

transparent, colorless, mobile liquid with a characteristic alcoholic odor.

Pharmacotherapeutic group:

antiseptic

ATX Code:

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics
An antimicrobial agent, when applied externally, has an antiseptic effect (denatures the proteins of microorganisms). Active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and viruses. Antiseptic activity increases with increasing ethanol concentration.
To disinfect the skin, use a 70% solution, which penetrates into the deeper layers of the epidermis better than a 95% solution, which has a tanning effect on the skin and mucous membranes.
Pharmacokinetics
When applied externally, it is absorbed from the surface of the skin and mucous membranes into the systemic circulation. Metabolized in the liver with the participation of the CYP2E1 isoenzyme, of which it is an inducer.

Indications for use

Used as an antiseptic and disinfectant in the treatment of the initial stages of diseases (furuncle, panaritium, mastitis); when treating the surgeon's hands (Furbringer, Alfred methods), the surgical field (including in persons with hypersensitivity to other antiseptics, in children and during operations on areas with thin skin in adults - neck, face).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity.

Carefully

Pregnancy, breastfeeding period, childhood.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

No special studies have been conducted on the use of the drug during pregnancy and breastfeeding. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, it is used only if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus and child.

Directions for use and doses

Externally, in the form of lotions, compresses, rubdowns.
To treat the surgical field and preoperative disinfection of the surgeon’s hands, use a 70% solution; for compresses and rubdowns (to avoid burns), it is recommended to use a 40% solution.
The 95% solution must be diluted to the required concentrations and used according to indications.

Side effect

Allergic reactions, skin burns, hyperemia and soreness of the skin at the site of application of the compress.
When used externally, it is partially absorbed through the skin and can have a resorptive general toxic effect (suppression of the central nervous system).

Overdose

Causes characteristic alcoholic excitation; in large doses, it inhibits the functions of the central nervous system.

Interaction with other drugs

When used simultaneously with preparations for external use that contain organic compounds, it can cause denaturation of protein components.

special instructions

When used externally, ethanol is partially absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes, which must be taken into account when using it in children, pregnant women and during lactation.
Do not use near open flames.

Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and machinery

The drug, used as a solution for external use, does not affect the ability to drive or engage in other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions. With long-term use in large doses, the drug may be absorbed into the systemic bloodstream, which must be taken into account when controlling transport and mechanisms. Release form

Concentrate for preparing a solution for external use 95%.
100 ml in orange glass bottles, sealed with perforated aluminum caps. A self-adhesive label is attached to each bottle. Each bottle, along with instructions for use, is placed in a cardboard pack.
40 bottles with an equal number of instructions for use are placed in a corrugated cardboard box (for hospitals).
5.0, 10.0 and 21.5 liters in polyethylene canisters made of low-density polyethylene. Each canister is supplied with instructions for use (for hospitals).

Best before date

5 years. Do not use after the expiration date.

Storage conditions

At a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C, in a well-closed container, away from fire.
Keep out of the reach of children.

Vacation conditions

Dispensed by prescription.

Marketing authorization holder / Organization receiving consumer complaints

Alliance LLC, 192019, St. Petersburg, st. 2nd Luch, 13, room. 13

Manufacturer

LLC "Armavir Interdistrict Pharmacy Base".

Addresses of production sites:
1) 352900, Krasnodar region, Armavir, st. Tonnelnaya, 24
2) 174360, Novgorod region, Okulovsky municipal district, urban settlement Uglovskoye, village. Berezovka, p. 75 A.

The use of antiseptic solutions can be prophylactic or therapeutic. Their main task is to have a detrimental effect on most microorganisms without harming healthy tissues.

Without antiseptics, all efforts to treat and care for sick patients are nullified. The mechanism of action of these drugs is based on several principles: disruption of oxidative processes, denaturation and dehydration of protein directly in the cells of pathogenic microorganisms, inhibition of their enzymatic activity. In this way, the main goal is achieved - bacteria, fungi, viruses die or freeze in their development and reproduction.

Any antiseptic substance must meet several important requirements:

Combine antimicrobial activity and harmlessness to human tissues.
The action must persist in all liquid media (blood, pus) and spread against bacteria, bacilli, protozoa and fungi.
During storage, their pharmacological activity should remain unchanged.

In practical medicine, broad and narrow spectrum antiseptics are used.

Areas of application of connections:

Disinfectants for instruments, premises, and patient care equipment.
External antiseptics for skin, wounds, cavities, mucous membranes.
Chemotherapeutic agents for oral administration. Participate in the resorption of toxicants, preventing the growth and development of pathogens in foci.

Groups

The degree of activity of any liquid antiseptic depends on the concentration of the main active component in it and the level of sensitivity of the pathogenic microorganism to it. Medical practice uses liquid dosage forms of 10 groups:

Halides – alcohol, aqueous iodine solutions. Used as antiseptics for primary skin treatment.
Salts of heavy metals – sublimate, mercury oxycyanide, silver nitrate, zinc oxide. Used for disinfection of medical instruments and linen.
Alcohols, aldehydes (Formalin, Lysol). Used for preoperative treatment and disinfection of intact skin.

Dyes – solutions of Diamond green, Methylene blue, Fukortsin. External remedies for pyoderma, minor damage to the skin.
Acids – boric, salicylic. In solutions they act as antimicrobial, local irritating and distracting components. Used for rinsing, washing, irrigation, douching.
Oxidizing agents – water peroxide, potassium permanganate. Used for disinfection of purulent-aseptic wounds.
Cationic soaps – Chlorhexidine, Miramistin.
Uroantiseptics – Nitrofural, Furazidin, Furazolidone. Scope of application: genitourinary tract infections.
Solutions based on nitromidazole (Metronidazole).
Herbal products - St. John's wort, calendula flowers, chamomile, lingonberry leaves, bearberry.

Antiseptic solutions are used not only in medical institutions, but also at home. They serve as an effective adjuvant in the treatment of purulent inflammation.

To the home medicine cabinet

The ability of liquid forms of antiseptics to act on the causative agent of infection without harm to the body is actively used for irrigation and rinsing of the nose and sinuses, for treating the oropharynx, douching, and disinfecting skin areas.

Hydrogen peroxide

The simplest and most universal liquid form for primary antiseptic treatment of wound surfaces.

It is also used to remove sulfur plugs, remove pus from otitis media for turunda 0.5% solution (12 drops of 3% Peroxide per 1 tablespoon of water).

For gargling with sore throat, the following proportion is used: 1 part 3% Peroxide to 11 parts boiled warm water

Furacilin solution

The dosage form is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria - the main causative agents of sinusitis, but is unstable in dissolved form. Therefore, it must be prepared immediately before the procedure according to the classic recipe from the Pharmacopoeia: the concentration of the main active ingredient is 1:5000, i.e., 1 tablet of Furacilin (0.2 g) must be dissolved in one liter of purified boiled water at 40 °C.

Chlorophyllipt

An antiseptic based on a plant-based eucalyptus extract is approved for use in pediatric practice, pregnant and lactating women.

Dosage forms:

For intestinal dysbiosis and staphylococcal carriage, enemas with an alcohol solution of Chlorophyllipt are indicated at the rate of 20 ml of the drug per 1 liter of water. To rinse the nasal cavity and throat, take 1 tbsp. l. and dissolve in 200 ml of water.

Miramistin

A wide-range antiseptic with bactericidal, antiviral and antifungal effects. The drug is also active against pathogens of sexually transmitted infections.

Pharmachologic effect:

Prevents further infection.
Stimulates the protective properties of cells.
Activates the regeneration of affected tissues.
On the wound surface it has the ability to absorb purulent exudate, relieves inflammation, does not damage granulation and stimulates epithelization.

The solution is used to cleanse purulent wounds, for douching for genital infections, in the treatment of burns, pyoderma, candidiasis of the skin and mucous membranes, inflammation of the oral cavity and nasopharynx.

Miramistin solution is applied topically by irrigation or application.

The modern pharmaceutical market offers more than 250 combined antiseptics of various brands. When choosing a remedy, of course, it is necessary to focus on the recommendations of the attending physician, indications, contraindications and possible side effects. Prolonged, uncontrolled use of antiseptics can lead to undesirable consequences.