8 month old baby has nosebleeds. Nosebleeds in children: causes and treatment

Bleeding from a child's nose always frightens parents. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, and, of course, in such a situation the baby needs help. In order for parents to be able to provide it to their child, they need to familiarize themselves with the relevant information about the types, features and methods of treating such pathologies.

Causes of nosebleeds in children

There are a lot of blood vessels in the nasal cavity. Nosebleeds (epistaxis) from one or both nostrils are much more common in children than in adults. It can occur at any age (both in one-year-olds and in children of preschool and primary school age up to 10 years) and less often in adolescents. Thus, almost every child knows from personal experience what nosebleeds are.

Why is this happening? Let's list the main reasons:

nasal injuries;
diseases of the ENT organs;
pathologies of internal organs and systems;
frequent nasal tamponade;
external factors.

Nose injury

Toddlers love to play with small objects. Parents cannot always keep track of them, and the child can easily stick some small toy (for example, a construction piece) up his nose. This is typical for children 3-4 years old. As a result, the baby injures the nasal mucosa and bleeding begins. A similar injury can be caused by simply picking your nose with your finger. If possible, it is necessary to wean the child from such habits.

ENT diseases

During the cool season, children often suffer from colds (we recommend reading:). This happens because the immune system is not yet formed. Frequent discharge of liquid secretion from the nose causes the vessels in it to become inflamed. When a child sneezes or coughs, weak and inflamed blood vessels may begin to bleed from tension.

Diseases of other organs and systems

Bleeding is also explained by the presence of pathologies, which are characterized by impaired hemocoagulation (blood clotting). With such diseases, blood vessels become very vulnerable, and even mild bleeding is difficult to stop. Similar diseases include:

hepatitis;
anemia;
leukemia, etc.

Teenagers often experience nosebleeds during hormonal changes. This is not a pathology, but simply age-related features.

Use of nasal medications

During colds, parents often instill vasoconstrictor drugs into the child’s nose. In some cases, their use is necessary, because they alleviate the course of the disease, but too long use makes the vessels vulnerable, the mucous membrane becomes thinner and vulnerable, which provokes the occurrence of bleeding.

Too long use of vasoconstrictor drops may be complicated by vasospasm and bleeding

Frequent nasal tamponade

If the baby has a frequent flow of blood from the nose, then cotton swabs are inserted into his nasal passages (they look like flagella about 3 cm long and no more than 1 cm thick). Such tampons block blood flow and, with frequent use, cause atrophy of the nasal mucosa. Because of this, the problem is not solved, but only worsened.

External factors

Sometimes nosebleeds are caused by external factors. For example, if the baby overheats in the sun and gets sunstroke or heatstroke (more details in the article:). Dry air impairs the elasticity of the blood vessels in the nose, making them fragile and brittle. This air can be used both outdoors in cold or hot weather and indoors.

Types of nosebleeds

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To make a diagnosis, it matters what time of day the bleeding from the nose occurs, whether it happens periodically or happened once. Most often, bleeding occurs at night, in the morning or with rhinitis.
At night
Nosebleeds at night cause the greatest fear and anxiety among parents. The most unexpected factors can provoke the phenomenon.
If the parents are sure that the baby did not have any injuries to the nose, then the bleeding may have been caused by:
long-term or uncontrolled treatment with vasoconstrictor drops;
severe drying of the baby’s nasal mucosa - this is especially true during the heating season, when the air in the apartment is dry;
allergies to dust, household chemicals, pets, etc.;
increased intracranial pressure.

In the morning
If your baby has bleeding in the morning, it may be due to the following factors:
in a dream, the child lay on his side or stomach all night, which could put pressure on the blood vessels and cause bleeding;
the presence of polyps in the nose also leads to blood loss in the morning;
as in the case of night phenomena, the morning ones can be caused by too dry air in the room;
increased emotional and physical stress (characteristic of school age from 8 to 11 years), lack of sleep for proper rest, and much more. etc.

Bleeding from the nose may occur due to overexcitement and anxiety.
Rhinitis with blood
It happens that slight bleeding from the nose is accompanied by rhinitis. This is especially noticeable when blowing your nose. What could be the reason for this phenomenon:
The child, due to inability, blows his nose too actively, therefore injuring the mucous membrane and promoting the appearance of blood (we recommend reading:);
trying to pick off dried crusts, the baby scratches the delicate mucous membrane;
frequent use of vasoconstrictor drugs affects;
complications after diseases of the ENT organs.

These are just some of the possible causes of blood in the nasal cavity. To accurately establish the nature of the pathology, consultation with a specialist is necessary. This is most relevant for regular bleeding.
How to stop nosebleeds?
You can stop nosebleeds with fairly simple steps. Of course, the cause of the pathology plays a significant role. If the flow of blood does not stop for more than 15-25 minutes, then you should urgently call an ambulance. It is also necessary to intervene with specialists if there has been a head injury, vomiting is present, the child loses consciousness or suffers from poor blood clotting (hemophilia).
Providing first aid to a child
At home, it is important to provide timely first aid to the baby. It should be not only physical, but also psychological.

This way the injured part is compressed and the bleeding stops.
Children themselves are very frightened by sudden bleeding, so it is necessary to immediately reassure the child. Simple steps will help ease your baby’s condition:
Place your baby in a chair and tilt his head forward.
Pinch your nostrils and apply ice to the bridge of your nose. After 6-7 minutes, you can carefully insert cotton swabs soaked in vasoconstrictor drugs (Vibrocil, Naphthyzin) into the nasal passages.
After 5 minutes, carefully remove the flagella and lubricate the mucous membrane with Vaseline or Neomycin ointment, which accelerate healing and soothe inflammation.

The most common mistakes that are easy to avoid
Many parents, trying to help their child, unknowingly can harm him. Incorrect first aid measures can lead to increased bleeding and other unpleasant symptoms. In order to prevent mistakes and not aggravate the situation, you need to know what things you absolutely cannot do:
During bleeding, place the baby in bed and elevate his legs. This will increase blood loss.
Throw your head back, because this disrupts the outflow of blood through the neck veins and increases blood flow. In addition, it numbs the throat, causing spasms and vomiting.
Immediately after the bleeding stops, give the child drinks and food, especially hot ones. High temperature causes blood vessels to dilate and resume bleeding.

Also, after stopping the flow of blood, the child should be protected from sports and heavy physical activity. This may trigger a relapse.
When is it necessary to contact a specialist?
You should contact an ENT doctor after the bleeding has stopped. Consultation with a specialist is needed to establish the cause and prevent recurrences. The doctor examines the sinuses using special mirrors (this method is called rhinoscopy). If necessary, damaged vessels are cauterized. Consultations with other specialists (endocrinologist, hematologist, etc.) may also be prescribed and tests may be performed.
Treatment of nosebleeds
With a single nosebleed, no specific treatment is required, since recurrence is unlikely, and parents have nothing to worry about. It will be enough to follow basic preventive measures. Systematic bleeding, as well as those caused by severe injuries, kidney disease, and impaired blood clotting, are subject to treatment. If relapses occur, the doctor prescribes appropriate treatment.
Medicines
Drug therapy is aimed primarily at reducing capillary fragility and permeability. Here are used:
Ascorutin (more details in the article:);
Rutin;
Ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic acid reduces the permeability of the vascular wall
Additionally, for the prevention and acceleration of bleeding control, the following is prescribed:
Vikasol;
Dicynone;
intravenously: Calcium chloride, Aminocaproic acid (we recommend reading:).

For bleeding caused by injuries, your doctor may prescribe:
Trasylol;
Kontrikal.

Traditional medicine
Among folk recipes there are many effective remedies. Their additional advantages are accessibility, environmental friendliness and budget. Among these remedies there are both local and those taken orally:
Teas with sea buckthorn, plantain, and chamomile improve blood clotting well;
a piece of aloe leaf, eaten on an empty stomach, can help with frequent bleeding;
To quickly stop bleeding, you can soak a cotton swab in the juice of fresh nettle or plantain and insert it into the sore nostril.

If your child has nosebleeds, it is recommended to drink chamomile teas.
These recommendations can be useful, but parents should not get carried away with self-medication, especially if the cause of the bleeding is not clearly established. Before using traditional medicine, you should also consult your doctor.
Preventive measures
To prevent nosebleeds, parents need to follow some rules. They consist of paying close attention to the health of your baby, preventing injuries, and providing healthy and balanced nutrition. The following measures will help strengthen the baby’s blood vessels:
Regular ventilation of the room and humidification of the air in the apartment during the heating season.
Taking vitamin and mineral complexes for children, especially in the off-season, when the child’s immunity is weakened.
Eating fresh vegetables, citrus fruits, fish, dairy products.

A nosebleed is not a dangerous phenomenon in itself, but it is better to prevent this pathology in order to maintain peace in the family and not expose the child to unnecessary stress. Following simple precautions will help the baby be healthy and cheerful and delight his parents with his successes and good mood.

A 5 year old child is bleeding from the nose - reasons. Nosebleeds are the most common problem in children under ten years of age and in older people. Most often they occur during cold weather, when people not only experience a temperature difference, but also are in a room where the air is dry from the operation of heating devices. Not only frequent bleeding, but also heavy bleeding is a clear reason to contact a specialist.

Causes

Children have a very small nose, and the membrane inside it is still unprotected. Therefore, a minor irritant will be enough to cause damage to the capillaries, and this could even be a banal blowing of the nose.

For children under five years of age, the most common cause of nosebleeds is damage to the blood vessels, which occurs as a result of improper toileting of the nasal cavity. This situation is characterized by the appearance of blood from only one nostril.

Much less often, the vessels in the back of the nose can be injured, but in this case, blood flows from two nostrils.

The most common causes of nosebleeds, in addition to injury from picking, are:

Deviation of the nasal septum.
Benign tumors in the nose.
Overwork.
The presence of a foreign object in the nose that provokes inflammation.
Inflammatory processes in the nasal mucosa.
Excessive nose blowing.

Frequent use of medications such as vasoconstrictor drops.
Kidney and liver diseases.
Hemophilia.
Fragility of blood vessels, resulting from a disease or congenital.
Blood pathologies such as poor clotting.
High blood pressure.
Overheat.
Dry mucous membrane, which occurs when you are in a room where the air is dry and hot.
Malignant formations in the nasal cavity.
Hypovitaminosis.
Frequently occurring respiratory diseases.
Heart failure.

The mucous membrane itself in a child at this age is very thin and tender, which is why even a careless movement in the nose provokes the development of bleeding. And some types of viruses often have tropism for these areas of the child’s body.

Another reason is the frequent insertion of a tampon into the nose, which stops heavy nosebleeds. But it is precisely this that contributes to the atrophy of the mucous membrane, and as a consequence the reappearance of bleeding.

Blood from the nose in a 5-year-old child, the causes of which vary, should in any case alert parents and call for immediate action.

How to help

A child under ten years old who experiences nosebleeds should not:

Lie down in a horizontal position, as this can provoke the development of even more bleeding or choking from your own blood, and blood can also enter the esophagus, thereby causing vomiting and intoxication.
Pinch your nose.
Speak.
Blow your nose.
Move actively.

Swallow blood.
Place a cotton swab in your nose if the bleeding is caused by a medical condition.

What needs to be done in such a situation:

First of all, you should calm the baby down and not panic yourself.
Open direct access to oxygen by opening a window.
Apply something cold to the bridge of your nose.
Take a sitting position.
Lean forward a little.
Place cotton swabs into your nose, but not too deep; it is advisable to soak the swab in hydrogen peroxide.
After the bleeding has stopped, the nasal cavity should be lubricated with a substance that will soften it; a commonly used example of such substances is Vaseline.

If the bleeding does not stop within ten minutes and it is profuse, then you should immediately consult a doctor. He should explain all the possible reasons for the development of this circumstance and the characteristics of the blood flow.

When parents call a specialist for their child, they should know what methods he can use to help in such a situation:

first of all, the doctor will insert a tampon, pre-moistened with a special solution necessary to stop the bleeding;
after the blood has stopped, the doctor will conduct an examination using an endoscope;
in some cases, suturing and cauterization of blood vessels may be required;
if the cause is polyps, then it is necessary to do a tomography or x-ray;
if there is an infection, the specialist rinses the nose with a solution, in addition to which antibiotics are prescribed.

After an examination has been carried out and the cause has been identified, the child should not pick his nose, overexert himself or blow his nose for several days.

Prevention

It should be remembered that in most cases this condition does not pose a threat to life and is the norm, with the exception of frequent and profuse nasal discharge.

Depending on the cause of bleeding, preventative methods may vary. If blood from the nose appears very often, then a prerequisite is to take tests for platelets and coagulation. After this, consultation with an immunologist, ENT specialist and endocrinologist is necessary. For prevention, after being prescribed by a doctor, you should take vitamin R.

To avoid encountering similar problems in the future, you should:

Moisturize the nasal mucosa - for this you need to drink more liquid, humidify the air in the house and irrigate the nasal cavity with saline solution.
Periodically consult a doctor for tests.
If there are smokers living in the house, then they need to eradicate the bad habit, as this is also often the cause.
Lead a healthy lifestyle.
Remove all objects that collect dust from the rooms, such as soft toys.

It is especially necessary to pay attention to a child who is one year old or less; starting hardening earlier, parents can help prevent the appearance of sudden and causeless nosebleeds.

If bleeding occurs frequently, then you should strengthen the capillaries by taking vitamin C. Among traditional methods, grape seed extract helps, but only a doctor prescribes its dosage.

Doctors often prescribe various calcium supplements, the course of which is about two weeks.

If a baby is diagnosed with arterial hypertension or other diseases that cause nosebleeds, then all prevention is treatment of the cause.

A special category is made up of situations when blood is released from both nostrils and this happens quite often, and also if it comes from the ear or throat, in such a situation you should not hesitate to see a doctor. There can be no talk of preventive methods here, since these are symptoms of a dangerous disease that needs to be treated.

Nosebleeds are a pathological condition that often occurs in young children. Most often, the pathological process is not accompanied by additional symptoms and therefore it is difficult to determine the causes of its occurrence. That is why in case of frequent bleeding it is necessary to consult a doctor.

If a child's nose is bleeding, reasons can be quite varied. The pathology is most often diagnosed when:

Organ injury. In children, bleeding for this reason is most common. Children love to play with various light objects that accidentally cause injury. Most often, bleeding from the nose in a 3-year-old child is observed precisely for this reason. This injury can occur in children if they frequently pick their nose.
ENT diseases. The pathological process is accompanied by frequent runny noses. At 1 year of age, bleeding can be observed with colds, which is explained by incompletely formed immunity. If children often get discharge from the nose, this causes damage to inflamed blood vessels and bleeding.
Use of nasal medications. The appearance of blood from the nose in a child 2 years of age and older is observed during the use of vasoconstrictor drugs. They are recommended for use to relieve cold symptoms. If they are used for a long period, sometimes this leads to pathology, especially in infants.
Nasal tamponade. It is a serious cause of nosebleeds in children 6 years of age. If a baby often has nosebleeds, then tampons are installed, which can injure the mucous membrane, which will lead to aggravation of the situation.
Impact of external factors. If a 4-year-old child is constantly exposed to dry air in the nasal cavity, then the mucous membranes dry out. This means that she is easily injured.

Other causes may also lead to nosebleeds at 10 years of age. Children five years old who suffer from hepatitis are at risk. This symptom is also observed in anemia and leukemia.

Bleeding can be diagnosed under the influence of a variety of provoking factors. That is why parents need to be attentive to their child.

How to distinguish dangerous nosebleeds?

The most dangerous conditions are when blood runs from the nose at night. Pathology occurs when exposed to the most unexpected factors. When a child's nose bleeds, the cause may be an allergic reaction or intracranial pressure. Also, blood can flow with uncontrolled use of drops with a vasoconstrictor effect.

If bleeding is repeatedly observed in the morning, this indicates the presence of polyps. Also, this condition is observed with chronic physical or emotional fatigue of the baby. The danger is also indicated by the fact that blood is released along with mucus. This indicates the occurrence of complications in the ENT organs.

Possible complications

If a child has frequent nosebleeds, this can lead to complications. With heavy blood loss, the baby often loses consciousness. With epistaxis, children are often diagnosed with nausea and vomiting. This is due to blood flowing down the back of the throat into the digestive system. Incorrect provision of first aid leads to blood entering the nasolacrimal duct. That is why it flows out through the eye sockets.

Bleeding can lead to serious complications, which requires timely provision of first aid to the baby.

Features of treatment

If a child has a nosebleed, only the doctor can determine what to do. With a single bleeding, no specific treatment is required. In rare cases, cauterization of the blood vessels in the nose is performed. For systematic bleeding, therapy is recommended. In this case, the cause is determined, as well as the individual characteristics of children.

First aid

If The child has a nosebleed, then he needs to be provided with emergency first aid. To stop bleeding, you must perform certain actions:

The child needs to be seated on a chair and his head tilted forward.
It is recommended to close the nostril or both nostrils with your hands and apply a compress to the bridge of the nose.
After 5 minutes, gauze tampons are inserted into the nostrils, which are pre-soaked in a solution with a vasoconstrictor effect - Vibrocil, Naphthyzine.
After 5 minutes have passed, it is necessary to remove the tampons and treat the mucous membranes. In this case, Vaseline or Neomycin ointment is used. With their help, the healing of mucous membranes is accelerated.

First aid for nosebleeds must be carried out without fail, which will eliminate the possibility of complications.

How to stop bleeding in a baby?

Infants may also experience nosebleeds. In this case, the algorithm of actions during the provision of first aid changes. The baby must be freed from constrictive clothing, which will ensure access to oxygen. Next, you need to pick him up in a standing position. You need to apply a little pressure on the bridge of your nose and hold it with your fingers for 10 minutes. There is no need to overdo it in this case, as this can lead to damage.

During the period of first aid, you need to ensure that the baby breathes through the mouth. You can also apply a towel to the bridge of your nose, which is pre-wetted in cold water. The blood that flows out is removed using a sterile wipe.

What not to do?

When a child’s nose begins to bleed, parents panic and try to help him and make mistakes. It is strictly forbidden to place the child on the bed and, especially, to raise the legs, as this will lead to increased blood loss. Throwing your head back is also prohibited, as this will lead to increased blood flow and increased secretions. This can also lead to cramping and vomiting.

After providing first aid, it is forbidden to give the child food or drink, especially warm, as this will dilate the blood vessels and lead to re-bleeding. Physical activity after bleeding is contraindicated for a child, as this can lead to relapse.

Drugs for the treatment of nosebleeds

If blood is constantly flowing from the nose, then this requires the use of certain medications. In order to reduce the fragility and permeability of capillaries, it is recommended to use:

Ascorbic acid;
Ascorutina;
Routine.

In order to speed up the stop of bleeding, Dition or Vikasol is used. The patient is also recommended to administer intravenous aminocaproic acid and calcium chloride. If the pathology occurs against the background of injuries, it is recommended to take Contrical or Trasylol.

How to stop using folk remedies?

Often, to eliminate bleeding, traditional medicine is used, which are characterized not only by accessibility, but also by safety. To improve blood clotting, it is recommended to take teas made from chamomile and plantain.

If bleeding occurs constantly, then he needs to eat a piece of aloe leaf in the morning. If there is a need to quickly stop bleeding, you need to moisten a gauze swab in the juice of plants such as plantain or nettle and insert it into the nostrils for 5 minutes.

When do you need specialist help?

Most parents ask the question: when is it necessary to contact a specialist? After the child’s nose stops bleeding, you need to seek help from a doctor. The specialist will determine the cause of the pathology and also prescribe effective treatment. If the need arises, the ENT doctor will send the baby for further examination.

Prevention

To avoid the occurrence of nosebleeds in children, it is necessary to carry out its prevention in a timely manner. In this case, it is necessary not only to monitor the baby’s health, but also to adhere to certain rules:

The baby's room should be regularly ventilated. During the heating season, regular ventilation of the room is necessary.
In order to strengthen the baby’s immune system, he needs to take vitamin and mineral complexes in the autumn and spring.
It is necessary to ensure the correct diet of the child. he is recommended to eat citrus fruits, vegetables, fish, and dairy products.

Bleeding in children can occur for a variety of reasons. When it appears, parents should provide first aid to the baby and consult a doctor. Only a specialist, after carrying out appropriate diagnostic measures, can determine the cause of the pathology and develop a treatment regimen aimed at eliminating it.

Any nosebleed, or, as doctors say, bleeding from the nasal cavity, occurs due to a violation of the integrity of the walls of blood vessels. Most often this happens to children between two and 10 years old. The reasons are extremely varied.

Why does my child have nosebleeds?

If your child's nose is bleeding, there is a reason. And it cannot be determined immediately. Diagnosis takes time. At first they assume:

traumatic damage to the nasal mucosa. It is very vulnerable in children because it is thin and contains many blood vessels. Problems can arise when the mucous membranes become dry, for example during the heating season, or as a result of excessive nose blowing, sneezing and nose picking. A special problem that is relevant for young children is foreign bodies, which children often put in their noses, then forget about it or deliberately hide from adults. A foreign body injures the mucous membrane and provokes bleeding or causes inflammation, and then the bloody discharge is accompanied by purulent discharge with an unpleasant odor. The mucous membrane can also suffer from frequent rhinitis of any origin (allergic or infectious);
deviated nasal septum, leading to uneven expansion and excessive vulnerability of blood vessels;
injury to the nose and/or face when falling, being hit by a ball or hand while playing contact sports. Particularly severe nosebleeds occur with cranial injuries, for example, a fracture of the base of the skull in the anterior region of the cranial fossa;
infectious disease with high fever– influenza, measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, etc. During acute inflammation, blood vessels become very vulnerable, toxins released by viruses and bacteria literally corrode and thin their walls;
problem of the vascular network of the nasal cavity. A congenital feature is considered a variant of varicose veins, which can “show” itself in different parts of the body;
increased blood pressure. It is believed that hypertension is characteristic only of adults, but recently it has become increasingly common in young patients, in particular, due to problems with the kidneys, endocrine system, metabolic disorders, such as cholesterol, overdose of vitamin D, overheating, and heart defects. In essence, a protective-compensatory mechanism is triggered: when a small amount of blood comes out through the nose, blood pressure decreases slightly, reducing the likelihood of bleeding in the brain;
disturbance in the blood coagulation system (hemostasis). The most famous is hemophilia, but there is also thrombocytopathy, in which platelets, which have an irregular structure, are not able to participate in the blood clotting process.
polyp or tumor in the nose;
malfunction of the liver, bone marrow and other organs.
nosebleeds are sometimes caused by medications for example, anticoagulants that inhibit blood clotting, including aspirin.

Blood from the nose in a child: determining the strength of the “flow”

A “spring” can originate in different places. If it is in the front part of the nose, blood usually comes out of one nostril in drops or a stream. This area is called the Kisselbach zone, it contains a plexus of small and narrow capillaries that quickly become clogged, so the flow is short-lived and blood loss is minimal. They begin due to injury to the nasal mucosa with fingers or hard objects (q-tip, pencil, toy). This type of bleeding accounts for about 90 % of all and, as a rule, does not pose a threat to life.

If the source of bleeding is in the middle or back of the nose, the situation becomes more complicated: the blood flows from a wide artery, and significant blood loss cannot be ruled out. Such bleeding is more difficult to notice because the blood flows in a strong stream along the back of the throat, and the baby first swallows it. But at a certain point he begins to vomit blood or have bloody diarrhea (melena). But by this moment the baby has lost a large amount of blood. And as a result, he experiences tinnitus, dizziness, decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, general weakness of the body, and shortness of breath. Suffocation is also possible: liquid may enter the respiratory tract. The causes of the posterior type of nosebleed are more serious: increased blood pressure, injuries to the face or nose, etc.

Attention! The flow rate is also different: from insignificant to profuse - life-threatening. Children do not tolerate blood loss well: a deficit of 50 ml of blood in a small child is equivalent in consequences to the loss of 1 liter in an adult!

A single and short-lived nosebleed does not pose a great danger if first aid is provided in a timely and correct manner. But a repetition of the situation or heavy flows is a reason to consult a doctor for a thorough search for the true cause of what happened.

Causes of nosebleeds in children

Frequently recurring, albeit minor, discharge of blood from the nose requires a thorough examination. First of all, anemia is excluded. Be sure to conduct a study of blood clotting rate; if it is below normal, consultation with a hematologist is recommended. It is important to measure blood pressure and check liver and kidney function. For prolonged bleeding of unknown cause, additional tests are required.

Attention! Measures to prevent nosebleeds include humidifying and purifying the air in the nursery, careful handling of the nasal passages, proper blowing of the nose, and choosing safe toys and sports.

First aid for nosebleeds

The reaction of adults to nosebleeds cannot be delayed; the bleeding must be stopped immediately, wherever it starts - in the garden, on the street, at home. And for this you need:

Calm or distract with conversation or toys.
Teach to breathe evenly and deeply. When excited, the heartbeat always increases, and with it the speed of blood flow increases.
The baby should be seated or placed in a semi-sitting position with his head slightly tilted forward and down.
Provide access to fresh air - unbutton the collar, loosen the fasteners, open the window.
Place a cold lotion or ice pack on the bridge of the nose and nose to narrow the vessels of the nasal mucosa, and place a warm heating pad on your feet.
For minor bleeding, press the wing of your nose against the nasal septum with your finger and apply an ice pack there.
If the bleeding from the child’s nose does not stop, a ball of sterile cotton wool or gauze moistened with a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide is inserted into the anterior nasal cavity. The child himself can press it to the nasal septum and hold it for 10–15 minutes.
If this doesn't help, go to the clinic or emergency room.

Attention! If the cause of bleeding is severe (hemophilia), hospitalization is necessary, so call an ambulance immediately.

If you are bleeding from the nose, you should not:

remove the pillow from under the baby's head;
raise his legs above the level of his body;
sharply throw your head back: this impedes the flow of blood through the veins of the neck, as a result of which bleeding may increase;
suddenly change the position in which it all started.

All parents experience nosebleeds in their children at least once. This phenomenon is very frightening and alarming for them, so most often this is followed by a call to the doctor. A child's nose may bleed for a variety of reasons, including blood vessels that are too brittle, injuries to the nose, and inaccurate cleansing of the nasal passages. In some cases, the bleeding is so severe that the baby has to be hospitalized. You need to understand that nosebleeds are not a disease, but just a symptom of some disease that needs to be treated.

Why does a child's nose bleed?

Nosebleeds can occur for a variety of reasons. Most often, this pathological phenomenon is observed in children from 2 to 10 years old and occurs due to a violation of the integrity of the walls of blood vessels. If a child often has nosebleeds, then it is necessary to conduct a full examination and, based on the results obtained, determine the exact cause. This usually takes time, so based on the data obtained during the examination of the patient, the doctor makes a preliminary diagnosis. The cause of nosebleeds in a child may be:

damaged nasal mucosa. In small children it is quite vulnerable, as it is literally riddled with blood vessels. The pathological condition can be observed with constant inhalation of too dry air, with strong nose blowing, sneezing or active picking of the nose;
A common problem is foreign bodies that small children stick into their noses during games, and then forget about it or specifically do not tell their parents so as not to scold them. Such objects injure the nasal mucosa and lead to severe bleeding. If a foreign object has been in the nasal cavity for a long time, then it provokes the development of a severe inflammatory process. In this case, the discharge is mixed with pus and has a foul odor;
chronic rhinitis, both infectious and allergic;
nasal septum defects. When it is bent, uneven expansion and severe fragility of the vessels occur;
head and nose injuries. This can happen when playing hockey or football, as well as when playing any contact sports. The heaviest bleeding occurs with head injuries, especially with a fracture of the base of the skull;
nosebleeds in children can occur with infectious diseases accompanied by high fever. Bleeding from the nose often occurs with scarlet fever, influenza and measles. In infectious diseases, pathogenic microorganisms release toxic substances that corrode the nasal mucosa and thin the walls of blood vessels;
inflammation of the blood vessels in the nose. This pathological phenomenon can be considered a type of varicose veins, which manifests itself in different areas;
High blood pressure can also cause nosebleeds. It is believed that hypertension is a problem for adults, but this is not true. Recently, children with increased age indicators have become increasingly common. This occurs due to endocrinological diseases, heart defects and overdose of certain vitamin preparations. This phenomenon is often observed in adolescents around 14 years of age at the time of hormonal changes in the body;
blood clotting disorder. This may be hemophilia or thrombocytopathy. In both of these cases, the blood cannot clot normally, so bleeding is profuse;
Polyps and cystic formations in the nose can lead to bleeding. Such neoplasms tend to become injured and bleed;
diseases of the liver, brain and other organs. These may simply be failures caused by some external factors, but oncological pathologies can also provoke frequent bleeding. For example, with leukemia, nosebleeds often occur for no apparent reason.

In addition, some medications can cause significant nosebleeds. First of all, such drugs include anticoagulants, the most common of which is Aspirin.

Frequent nosebleeds in children should be a reason for a comprehensive examination. Initially, it is determined whether the small patient suffers from anemia or whether his blood clotting is impaired. If such pathologies are identified, then an urgent consultation with a hematologist is necessary. In case of unknown etiology of bleeding, a consultation of doctors is convened and additional examinations are carried out.

Aspirin-based medications should not be prescribed to children under 14 years of age, as such medications can cause severe bleeding.

How strong can the bleeding be?

Vessels can be damaged in different parts of the nose; it is this factor that determines how abundant the stream will be. If the front of the nose is damaged, blood comes from one nostril, while the other remains dry. In the front part of the nose there are many small and narrow capillaries that tend to clog quickly. In this case, the bleeding is usually short-lived and blood loss is small. This type of bleeding occurs in almost 90% of all cases, especially in children under 7 years of age. The cause may be careless nose blowing or too active picking of the nose.

If the middle or back part of the nose is damaged, then the situation is more complicated. In this case, blood leakage is observed from a large artery, so there may be significant blood loss. Such bleeding is difficult to detect immediately, since at first the blood flows down the back wall of the larynx, and the baby simply swallows it. At a certain period, this ends in bloody vomiting or bloody diarrhea, and only in this case the parents discover the problem. Usually by this time the baby has already lost a lot of blood. As a result, young children may experience characteristic symptoms:

extraneous noise in the ears;
dizziness;
nausea;
abnormal weakness;
decreased blood pressure and increased heart rate;
dyspnea.

With this type of bleeding, blood can also enter the lower respiratory organs. The causes of these types of bleeding are injuries to the head and nose, as well as high blood pressure in the child.

The speed at which blood flows from the nose can also vary. It must be taken into account that young children do not tolerate blood loss well. If a baby leaks only 50 ml, this is equivalent to an adult losing about a liter of blood.

If your nose bleeds only once and stops quickly, then there is no reason to worry. But if the bleeding is frequent and the flow is heavy, then an urgent consultation with a doctor is necessary.

How to stop nosebleeds

If a child's nose begins to bleed, this means that he needs urgent help. This condition cannot be ignored, as the consequences can be serious. To stop bleeding you need to follow these recommendations:

To begin with, the child should be reassured, since worries and panic can only increase nosebleeds. To do this, you need to distract the baby with a toy or tell him something interesting;
It is necessary to tell the child that he needs to breathe calmly. With too active inhalations and exhalations, bleeding always increases;
the child is seated on a bed or on a chair, while his head should be slightly tilted forward;

It is unacceptable to throw back a child’s head when there is a nosebleed. This can cause blood to enter the lower respiratory organs.

It is necessary to unbutton the child’s shirt collar and remove all clothing that interferes with normal breathing. It is advisable to provide fresh air access to the room. To do this, you need to open a window or window.
As first aid, place an ice pack or just something cold on the bridge of the baby’s nose, first wrapped in a cotton napkin.
To treat bleeding in the nose, you can insert a cotton or gauze turunda soaked in a 3% solution of Hydrogen Peroxide. Next, press the nostrils a little and hold for 10 minutes. You need to breathe through your mouth at this time.
If all of the above methods do not help eliminate nosebleeds, you need to call an ambulance or take the child to the hospital.

If the cause of bleeding lies in an injury to the nose or, especially, to the head, a doctor should be called immediately. Parents should remember that some conditions pose a great threat not only to the health, but also to the life of the baby.

If a child suffers from hemophilia, then even with relatively mild bleeding, you should call a doctor. Such patients require emergency hospitalization.

Treatment

It is impossible to treat nosebleeds, since this pathological condition is not a disease. This is just a symptom of some illness that needs to be diagnosed and then only treated.

If the nose bleeds due to an infectious disease, then the pathogen is determined and medications are prescribed accordingly. When the cause lies in chronic pathologies, medications are prescribed so that the disease goes into remission.

If the cause of bleeding from the nose is an injury, treatment is carried out by a traumatologist. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to prevent the development of a secondary infection.

If the cause of a nosebleed is a head injury, you should immediately call an ambulance. The consequences of delay or self-medication can be unpredictable. You should not delay contacting a doctor even if the child’s condition is very disturbed, he is bothered by a headache and dizziness.

In a hospital setting, a child with severe nosebleeds may receive a blood transfusion.

What not to do

There are a number of actions that are strictly prohibited during nosebleeds:

Do not tilt the baby’s head back or lay him on his back;
Do not raise the baby’s legs above the level of the body;
sharply throw back the baby's head. This will only intensify the bleeding;
quickly change the child’s position.

Overheating in the sun can cause nosebleeds. To prevent this phenomenon, children need to wear panama hats and walk only in the shade in the summer.

If a child’s nose bleeds rarely and is preceded by cleaning the nasal passages, then there is nothing wrong with that. But if such a pathological phenomenon is observed regularly, then this is a reason to consult a doctor.