Stresses that appear in the exam. Unified State Examination in Russian: stresses

Orthoepic standards in the Unified State Exam 2018 are the correct placement of stress. This is an important task, in which, as many teachers and students believe, you can only count on luck. But this is a fundamentally wrong approach to studying task 4. Of course, the orthoepy of the Russian language is very inconsistent, Russian words do not have a fixed stress in all words, but, nevertheless, there are patterns and you need to know them in order to speak correctly and pass the Unified State Exam with 100 points.

Some tricks to complete the task. Here we are looking at patterns and words that appear in the Unified State Exam and are on the official list. All patterns apply to words found in the Unified State Examination.

1) Past tense verbs often have stress on the same syllable as in the infinitive. But in the Unified State Exam, in most cases there are verbs in which the emphasis falls on LA: take, be, take, twist, lie, drive, give, wait, live, call, lie, pour, drink, tear, etc. (Example: tookA, wasA, etc.) And there are also exceptions: steal, put, send, lay send mouth sneak)

Example: put, sent, laid, sent, stole, sent. You should pay attention to the verbs ending in YOU in the past tense: poured, survived, etc.

2) Participles with Ё ​​(included, resolved, etc.) make up a significant part of all words. Look below and you will see that there are a lot of these words in the Unified State Examination. The difficulty is that in the wording of the task the letter E is written, not E.

3) Other parts of speech with E. If a word contains E, then the emphasis will fall on E.

4) Most verbs ending in IT and IT have stress on the last syllable (ShchemIt zashchemit). In addition: the fruit will be positive, will be forced to vulgarize (will be vulgar, will be angry, will inquire...)

5) Participles in -yav, -yv - aw (raising, accepting, etc.)

6) In most verbs there will be an emphasis on Irate. But there are cases where the emphasis falls on ovat

7) In borrowed words from French, German, English, the stress falls on the last syllable: jalousies partEr expert dispensary hyphen quarter

8) In short feminine adjectives, the stress falls on the last syllable: true. dexterity, etc.

9) If the emphasis in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in a comparative degree it will be on the suffix -ee: strongA - stronger, sickA - sicker, zhiva - livelier, slimmerA - slimmer, right - righter; if the emphasis in the feminine gender is on the basis, then to a comparative degree it is preserved on the basis: beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder, opposite - more opposite

10) In nouns ending in -log, the stress falls on the last syllable: catalog, dialogue, obituary, monologue, epilog. BUT: analog.

11) In nouns ending in -vod, the stress falls on the last syllable: oil pipeline, gas pipeline, garbage pipeline.

Orthoepic dictionary compiled by FIPI

Nouns:

AeropOrty, fixed stress on 4th syllable

Bants, fixed stress on the 1st syllable

BEARD, V. p., only in this form units. h. stress on 1st syllable

Accountant, R. p. pl. h., fixed stress on the 2nd syllable

Religion, from: confess faith

Citizenship

Hyphen, from German, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable

Dispenser, the word came from English through the French language, where the stress is always on the last syllable

Agreement

Document

Leisure

Jalousie, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable

Significance, from adj. significant

Catalog, in the same row with the words: dialogueOg, monologue, obituary, etc.

KvartAl, from German, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable

Selfishness

Cranes, fixed stress on 1st syllable

LECTORS, LECTORS, stress on the 1st syllable, as in the word bow(s)

Localities, R. p. pl. h., on a par with the word forms: honors, jaws... but: news

Intention

NedUg

NEWS, news, but: localities

NAIL, NAIL, fixed stress in all forms of units. h.

Adolescence, from Otrok - teenager

Briefcase

Handrails

Beet

Orphans, I. p. pl. h., emphasis in all plural forms. h. only on the 2nd syllable

Means, I. p. pl. h.

Convening

Customs

Cakes, cakes

Chain

Scarves like bows

Driver, in the same row with the words: kiosk, controller...

Expert, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable

Adjectives:

VernA, short adj. and. R.

Significant

More beautiful, adjective and adverb in comparative degree

Beautiful, superlative adjective

Kitchen

Lovka, short adjective. R.

Mosaic

Wholesale

Perspicacious, short adjective g. r., in the same row with the words: cute, fussy, talkative... but: gluttonous

Plum, derived from: plum

Verbs:

Take - tookA

BROTHER - took

Take - tookA

Take up - take up

Join in - joined in

Burst - burst in

Perceive - perceived

Recreate - recreated

Hand over - hand over

Drive - drove

Chase - chased

get - got it

get there - got there

Wait - waited

Get through - get through, get through

Wait - waited

To live - to live

ZachStrengthen

Borrow - borrowed, borrowed, borrowed, borrowed

LOCK - LOCKED

Lock up - locked (with a key, with a lock, etc.)

Call - called

Call - call, call, call

Put - put

Lie - lied

pour - lilA

FLOWS - FLOWS

Lie - lied

Endow - endow

Overstrained - overstrained

To be called - called

To tilt - to tilt

Pour - poured

Narvat - narwhala

Start - started, started, started

Call - call

make it easier - make it easier

Wet yourself - wet yourself

Hug - hugged

Overtake - overtaken

RIP - RIP

encourage

Cheer up - take heart

escalate

Borrow - lend

AngryBeat

Paste

surround - surround

Seal, in the same row with the words: form, normalize, sort...

Get to know - get to know

Depart - departed

Give - gave

Open - unlocked

revoke - revoked

respond - responded

pour - poured

Fruit

Repeat - repeat

Call - called

Call - call You will call

Water - watered

Put - put

Understand - got it

Send - sent

Arrive - arrived - arrived - arrived

accept - accepted - accepted

Tear - tore

Drill - drill - drill

Remove - removedA

Create - created

Tear off - ripped off

remove - removed

DEEPEN

Strengthen - strengthen

scoop

It pinches - it pinches

Click

Participles:

Delivered

Folded

Busy - Busy

LOCKED - LOCKED

Populated - populated

Endowed

Acquired

NalitA

Started

STARTED

Reduced - brought down

Encouraged - encouraged - encouraged

Exacerbated

Disabled

Repeated

Divided

UNDERSTAND

Accepted

Tamed

lived

Removed - removed

Bent

STARTED

Starting

OtdAv

Raised

MonYav

Arrived

Adverbs:

During

DobelA

TO THE TOP

Don't

DONIZU

TO DRY

AFTERDARK

More beautiful, adj. and adv. in comparison Art.

Top

For a long time

NenOld

To prepare for the exam, we recommend classes with online tutors at home! All the benefits are obvious! Trial lesson for free!

We wish you success in passing the exam!

The Unified State Examination in the Russian language is a mandatory exam. But “mandatory” does not mean “difficult”. Most tasks are offered in test form, and “getting your bearings” is a matter of time and the number of similar tasks already completed. In other words, in order to solve a test in an exam, you need to solve many, many tasks at home beforehand. And - voila! – Passed the Unified State Examination in Russian.

One of the “stumbling blocks” in the exam may be task 4. Yes, yes, which is stressed. They will definitely be there. Although there is nothing complicated about accents, and the words are not taken out of thin air, but from the Unified State Examination stress dictionary in the Russian language, you still have to learn them...

Here, for example, are a few words that you can easily stumble over on the Unified State Exam:

• Mosaic
• Beet
• Bows
• Uncork
• Started
• Schoolboy
• fooling around

If the task has already caused you difficulties, you can peek in. But only on the condition that you learn all the difficult cases before the Unified State Exam. By the way, please note that in this task the parts of speech are very different...

And now let’s move on to the most interesting part: what to do if task 4 from the Unified State Exam in Russian cannot be learned in any way and cannot be trained at all?

1. Do not panic! Panic has never helped anyone. In addition, when you are sober, any information is remembered easier and faster.
2. Listen, listen and listen. There are a lot of videos on the Internet where people pronounce or even sing examples of stress. You can also read with expression and record the words on a voice recorder, and then listen to them on the bus or before bedtime.
3. Make cards with a word written on one side and the same word on the other, but with the correct emphasis. And, again, read and pronounce, read and pronounce...
4. Or you don’t have to bother with cutting out cards or recording your voice and just play a game. For example, in . In the middle there is a set of words with regular and irregular accents. You need to drag them into the “correct” or “incorrect” fields and click the “Done!” button. Points are awarded for each correctly sorted word; you will receive a bonus for completing the level quickly and without errors, but you will have to pay for mistakes: one life will be burned. There are only three lives in the game, but there are ten levels, and each new level is more difficult than the previous one. Be careful, but remember that your time is limited: the faster you complete the tasks, the better.

The most important thing in preparing for the Unified State Exam (and not only in the Russian language) is to believe in yourself! Well, and train a lot. Then the result will be good.

ZY Well, for self-test: mosaic, beets, bows, uncork, started, schoolyard, indulging. And if you suddenly remembered that some words have several variants of stress, forget it ☺ This can be done after successfully passing the Unified State Exam in Russian.

See you in the next articles!

Daria Maslova

Dictionary of accents:
Game “Stresses on the Unified State Exam”:

The Unified State Examination in the Russian language is mandatory for school graduates. Many schoolchildren are confident that passing it will not be difficult, since for the majority Russian is their native language. Despite this, we still recommend showing responsibility and devoting several hours to studying the rules and repeating spelling norms.

The main stage of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language will traditionally begin at the end of May and will last until the beginning of June 2018.

The early stage will take place from mid-March to mid-April. You can take the exam in advance:

• graduated from school in 2017;
• those who received a certificate instead of a certificate of secondary education;
• graduates of schools with evening classes;
• planning to continue their studies abroad;
• 2018 applicants who completed the curriculum in advance;
• schoolchildren who, during the main stage of the Unified State Exam, must participate in events of national or international significance;
• eleventh graders who require treatment or rehabilitation scheduled for the date of the main exam.

At the beginning of September, students who received a low score or missed the Unified State Exam due to a valid reason are allowed to take the exam (documentary evidence is required).

Main stages of the exam

Each ticket includes 26 tasks, including test questions and writing an essay on a given topic. Next year it is planned to add a task that will reveal knowledge of lexical norms. Since 2016, the Russian Academy of Education has increasingly talked about the need to introduce the “Speaking” stage into the exam.

It is possible that in 2018, in addition to all of the above, schoolchildren will be tested on their ability to verbally express their thoughts, draw conclusions and argue their position.

What words are included in the orthoepic minimum of the Unified State Examination?

One of the differences between the Russian language and others is that the stress in words can fall on different syllables, and not as, for example, in French - only on the last one. Therefore, only a few can correctly place emphasis in words. To successfully pass the orthoepic minimum in the Russian language, you will have to remember about 300 words.

A complete list of words that are included in the spelling minimum of the Unified State Exam 2018 can be found on the FIPI website. We will list only those that cause difficulties for most schoolchildren: alphabet, airports, bows, willow, religion, on time, long-standing, dispensary, to the top, get through, to the bottom, blinds, enviably, spoiled, from ancient times, catalogue, quarter, kilometer, more beautiful, garbage chute, facilitate, seal, wholesale, adolescence, parter, rights, dowry, drills, orphans, plum, means, carpenter, cakes, chain, scarves.

How to get the maximum score

The first part of the ticket consists of 25 tasks. Successful completion will allow you to receive 34 points, which is 59% of the overall Unified State Examination result in the Russian language. Assignment number 26 is an essay, the maximum score for it is 24 points, i.e. the remaining 41%. Responsible preparation for the exam, concentration during the exam and confidence in your own abilities and knowledge will help you get the highest score.

Video lesson about stress in Russian:

A.P. Chekhov once famously said: “In fact, for an intelligent person, speaking poorly should be considered as indecent as not being able to read and write.” And one cannot but agree with this. A person learns to speak from the first days of his life: first, he isolates his name from the general cacophony of surrounding sounds, then the words that are pronounced most often. Later, the child begins to reproduce words, repeating them exactly as he hears from loved ones.

But, unfortunately, not everything we learn from others corresponds to the norms of our native language! Science is here to help you understand the rules of pronunciation orthoepy(Greek orthos- “correct” and epos- “word”), one of the sections of which is the study of stress placement in Russian speech.

Words with accents to remember

Take a look at the spelling dictionary and you will be surprised to discover how many mistakes we all make in our everyday speech! Here and there we hear every day the ugly: “p ABOUT got it", "looked up I la", "sn I la."

Cake A x or t ABOUT mouths

But, you just have to remember one simple rule: In feminine verbs in the past tense, the ending –a becomes stressed. Remember and enjoy the correct pronunciation of words such as: got it A, stripped off A, took A, lied A, lied A, waited A, drove A, perceived A, called A .

There are not many exceptions to remember: Art. A la, sl A la, cr A la, cl A la and all words with the prefix You-(you drink - in Y saw, in Y no - in Y zero).

Another pitfall was the use of plural nouns. Here the error awaits us even at the stage of formation of the plural. For some reason, many people turn the word “Dogov” ABOUT p" to "agreement A", and "professor" and "doctor" turn into monstrous "professor A" and "doctor A" In fact, everything " easier than steamed turnips»:

1. Most masculine nouns take the ending –ы in the plural.
2. The ending -ы is always unstressed!

Do you remember? Now you shouldn't have any problems with words like: aerop ABOUT rt – aerop ABOUT mouths, prof E quarrel - prof E quarrels, d ABOUT ctor – d ABOUT ctors, bow – b A nts, ​​scarf - sh A rf, dogov ABOUT r – dogov ABOUT ry, elevator – l AND ft, cake – t ABOUT mouths, buhg A lter – buhg A lters

We are all proud that the Russian language is rightfully considered one of the richest languages ​​in the world. But the penetration of foreign words into speech is an inevitable and completely natural phenomenon. Few people know that in the true Russian language there are no words beginning with the letter “ A «.

Most words starting with the first letter of the alphabet AND that one is of Greek origin, and some came to us from Turkic (for example: watermelon, arshin, argamak). The fashion for using French among representatives of the upper classes, which began during the reign of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna and ended during the Napoleonic Wars, has enriched our speech with a huge number of Gallicisms.

The current generation is observing how the Russian language is actively enriched with words of English origin. Alien words that have settled in our dictionaries, for the most part, retain stress in their usual place.

Thus, French borrowings are characterized by stress falling on the last syllable, while Latin ones - on the penultimate one. It is best to check the correctness of stress in words of foreign origin in dictionaries, but those words that have become firmly established in our everyday life must be remembered: alphabet AND t, apostrophe ABOUT f, def AND s, blinds AND , rolled ABOUT g, necrol ABOUT g, quart A l, desk E r, esp E rt, fet AND w, f ABOUT rzats, fax AND mile.

You should also remember the norms for placing stress in the following adjectives: to U honny, sl AND vovy, gr U sewn, stolen AND English, Mosa AND private, wholesale ABOUT how long ago AND shny.

The most popular words with accents at the Olympiads

Learning how to place accents correctly can be a fun activity. Often, just knowing the rules of the Russian language is not enough. Many accents need only be remembered by referring to special spelling dictionaries.

When preparing high school students to take the Unified State Exam, up to 500 of the most common word forms are usually offered for study, which can cause difficulties with the correct placement of stress, but their number is not limited to this. Studying stress norms is a labor-intensive process, but the result can exceed all expectations: our speech will not be full of illiterate “voices.” I la", "pr ABOUT cents", "contract A“, which means we will not be ashamed in front of the classics of Russian literature.