Palm oil in infant formula: harm and benefit, Dr. Komarovsky. Hypoallergenic baby dairy-free and palm oil-free formulas: list and range of products based on high-quality milk fats
Many people think that there is definitely no palm oil in baby food. But you just have to look at the composition of the milk formula and you can be convinced of the opposite. Almost every can of dry powder contains this vegetable fat. Why is it added to a product intended for babies?
The main task of infant formula is to replace breast milk in all respects, if for some reason breastfeeding is impossible. But the creators and manufacturers of these powders have one problem that has not been solved for several decades. No one has yet been able to accurately reproduce the composition of human breast milk. But it is so important for a baby to receive all the necessary micro- and macroelements, vitamins and nutrients in quantities sufficient for him during the first months of his life. This is especially true for fats.
Cow's milk fats are not suitable for small growing bodies. They are simply not digestible. But plant-based ones are a great alternative. Palm oil in baby food is more similar in composition to breast milk fats. In addition, vegetable oils (not only palm trees, but also corn, coconut, sunflower) increase the shelf life of the product and are very inexpensive. But is everything as simple as it seems? No. There are a number of problems that can discourage any parent from buying another jar of formula.
Harmfulness of palm oil in baby food
Palm oil itself is not harmful to children or adults. It is non-toxic and does not cause any negative changes in the body. The main drawback that doctors warn about is the failure to fulfill its function of supplying the baby’s body with beneficial properties. The thing is that palmitic acid (necessary for absorption), contained in this vegetable fat, enters the intestines, where it should essentially be absorbed, interacts with calcium, and then is excreted naturally, or rather, together with. As a result, the baby does not receive the required amount of calcium and fats. This, in turn, is fraught with the following consequences:- fragile bones (problems with mineralization of bone tissue);
- problems with stool (constipation);
- colic;
- frequent regurgitation.
Also, the complete process of assimilation of palm oil is hampered by its melting temperature (it melts at a higher temperature than 36.6 ° C). The negative consequences of constant consumption of palm oil are obvious.
Why is palm oil used in infant formula?
Despite everything, this component is still added to baby food. So why is palm oil used in baby formula?As mentioned above, the main purpose of formulas is to replace breast milk. In order for the baby to receive everything he needs, they try to make the dry formula more similar to mother’s milk.
Thus, the basis of any mixture is cow, goat or sheep milk, devoid of all fats that can never be found in women's milk. Everything else the baby needs is added separately. Each vegetable oil has the necessary substances, and palm oil contains palmitic acid (1/4 of the fat in breast milk). This is the reason why “palm” is added to the composition. Recently, manufacturers have been trying to reduce its content by replacing it with coconut, corn, soybean and sunflower oil.
The devil is not as scary as he is painted. This old saying applies to palm oil as well. There are a lot of all kinds of horror stories and stories, but it’s worth thinking about the fact that people have been eating this fat since ancient times (about 5,000 years ago), since there was simply no alternative.
Whether palm oil is harmful to children or not is difficult to get a definite answer. Therefore, each parent decides this issue for himself independently. If breastfeeding is not possible, it is better to rely on store-bought food rather than plain cow's milk.
Photobank Lori
The conference “Fats in modern infant formula: myths and reality” ended in Moscow, at which scientists examined the benefits and harms of palm oil.
Why does an infant need fat?
Happy is the baby who feeds on breast milk. Mother's milk is a unique product that contains everything necessary for the harmonious growth and development of a child. In addition to vitamins and minerals, it contains more than a dozen fatty acids: capric, linoleic, lauric, stearic, linolenic, myristic, oleic, palmitic or hexadecanic.
A quarter of all fats contained in breast milk are palmitic acid. Fats are very important for a child's development. Thus, a newborn and an infant up to 3 months of life need to receive 49.1% fats, 43.6% carbohydrates and 7.4% proteins. By the age of 1.5-2 years, fats normally make up about 60% of the dry weight of the child’s brain. “Fats are not only an important source of energy, but also one of the main components of cells. The ideal nutrition for a baby is breast milk, which contains all the fats and fatty acids necessary for it in the optimal ratio,” says Natalya Shilina, leading researcher at the department of baby nutrition at the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
Not all fatty acids can be synthesized in a woman’s body. For example, α-linolinic acid is not produced by the body. It can be replenished by consuming rapeseed, soybean and flaxseed oil. By the way, flaxseed oil was the most popular vegetable oil in Russia. According to experts, in pre-revolutionary Russia, 40% of all oil was flaxseed.
Therefore, it is so important to ensure high-quality, balanced and healthy food. The usefulness of breast milk directly depends on the diet of a young mother. Moreover, you can take care of the quality of mother’s milk not only after childbirth, but also during pregnancy. It is believed, for example, that eating fatty fish at least once a week saturates milk with hexadecanoic acid.
What are they, breast milk substitutes?
But what about babies whose mother cannot breastfeed for one reason or another? After all, these children also need full development in accordance with their age. For these babies, breast milk substitutes have been created, for which scientists have tried to create a nutrition adapted for babies as close as possible to mother's milk. “Modern infant formulas include a combination of vegetable oils (sunflower, corn, soybean, rapeseed, palm, etc.) and milk fat, which brings the fat component of the formula closer to the fatty acid composition of breast milk,” explains Natalya Shilina.
They made a global disaster out of this palm oil. There is nothing terrible about it. By the way, there is no palm oil in Similak, but there is coconut oil. Big difference? It is present in all mixtures. No child has ever died from it.
With the advent of new, more advanced diagnostic equipment, researchers are identifying more and more unique substances contained in breast milk. Therefore, artificial infant formulas are constantly being refined and improved.
Vladimir Bessonov, head of the laboratory of food chemistry at the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, spoke about the advisability of using vegetable fats in artificial mixtures: “Milk formulas for young children are the only dairy product in Russia, the countries of the Customs Union, Europe and in general in the world in which it is legally permitted complete replacement of milk fats with vegetable fats. Contrary to popular belief, they are recognized as safe for children, since modern infant formulas use only edible vegetable oils or their fractions, specially selected so that they are as close as possible to the “ideal fat” for a child. In this form, the fat component is both healthy and easily digestible. In this regard, children's products are strikingly different from adults, since in Russia they practically do not create balanced fatty products. So parents don’t have to worry when they see the words “vegetable fats” or “palm oil” on the packaging of baby formula, because they are included in the product to help the baby develop fully.”
Cow's milk or baby formula?
Some parents who doubt the safety of infant formula prefer to feed their babies cow's or even goat's milk the old fashioned way. Surprisingly, scientists insist that breast milk substitutes are absorbed more efficiently than any animal milk. Only artificial formulas contain the proportion of “ingredients” that are important for a child’s development as close as possible to breast milk.
Cow's milk, for example, is generally not suitable for feeding an infant. Let's compare the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fats: cow's milk contains 45.8% saturated fats and 28.65% unsaturated fats. Whereas in breast milk there are 33.69% saturated fats and 47.57% unsaturated fats.
Myths about palm oil
They say palm oil is harmful to health. Interestingly, however, it began to be eaten more than 5,000 years ago during the time of the pharaohs. Olive oil, which has gained popularity among modern housewives, was “born” later, as was its closest competitor, sunflower oil. By the way, olive oil occupies a rather modest place in the ranking in terms of the concentration of substances beneficial to the baby.
They say palm oil is not absorbed by the human body. Palm oil digestibility rate is 95.8%. For milk fat this figure is 90.7%.
They say that palm oil is widely used in nutrition due to its low cost in the market. When applied to baby food, this statement is unfounded. Experts say that with the relatively inexpensive cost of raw materials, after technological processing - and for artificial mixtures it is not palm oil, but palmitic acid - and transportation costs, the product becomes in the same price range as sunflower oil. In this case, why not use our native sunflower, inquisitive readers will ask? The answer is simple: because sunflower oil contains very little palmitic acid.
They say palm oil is banned in Europe. This is not true. The lack of mention of palm oil in artificial infant formula is entirely due to the specifics of the technical regulations for this product. Imported packages of breast milk substitutes are labeled “vegetable oil.” However, next year, stricter regulations will come into force in European countries, requiring the manufacturer to decipher which vegetable oil is used. Russian experts, who carefully monitor and study the latest developments in the composition of infant formula, are confident that palm oil will appear in the product.
Palm oil is widely used in food production. It can be found in baked goods, confectionery, and processed meats. Baby food is no exception.
Parents are wary of this ingredient when it comes to formula milk or vegetable purees. Its presence in the composition scares mothers and makes them believe that they are dealing with a second-rate product and it is dangerous to give it to children. We will try to figure out how valid these fears are and how dangerous it really is.
Breast milk is the ideal food for babies
Breast milk continues to amaze scientists. It contains a whole complex of vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats and carbohydrates that are ideal for the needs of a growing body. But that's not all. The mother's body supplies the child not only with nutrients, but also with enzymes for their absorption. The milk production process is individually customizable. As soon as the baby gets sick, the mother immediately reacts to this by increasing the amount of immunoglobulins. The child receives additional protection and recovers faster. The composition of breast milk has long been known: 87% water, 7% carbohydrates, 4% fat, 1% protein and less than 1% vitamins and microelements. Scientists have already even figured out what proteins, fats and carbohydrates are. And, although there is nothing better than breastfeeding, it has now become possible to produce a high-quality substitute.
Baby food: the invention of the century
Not every mother is able to provide her child with her own breast milk. For various reasons (physiological, social, psychological), many women do not have a sufficient lactation period. There are many such cases now, as was the case in past centuries. What did they do with the baby a hundred years ago when the mother could not breastfeed him? They were looking for a wet nurse - another woman who also had a baby. What if there wasn’t one nearby? They used surrogates in the form of animal milk, which was harmful and often led to the child’s illness or even his death. And only at the beginning of the last century, the founder of Nestlé invented a breast milk substitute. This was the world's first infant formula, and it saved the lives and health of many babies. The composition of modern infant formula is constantly being improved. As scientists study the characteristics of mother's milk, more and more ingredients are added to it, such as probiotics. But the basics remain the same. These are fats, carbohydrates and proteins.
What does palm oil do in infant formula?
The mixture must contain a certain set of fats. They contain palmitic acid. By the way, it is not found in cow's milk. But oil palm oil contains the most of this substance. But isn’t this component harmful to the baby, because this product is considered quite heavy and difficult to digest? We are accustomed to the fact that palm oil is added to products for only one prosaic purpose - to make it cheaper. So, baby food manufacturers are trying to make their product cheaper?
Palm oil - what is it?
It is extracted from the fleshy parts of the oil palm fruit. It has a very complex composition and consists of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids. Yellowish in color, semi-solid structure. Used by humanity for more than 5 thousand years. This fact has been proven by recent excavations: an amphora with oil was found in the tomb of the pharaoh.
Horror stories about palm oil in baby food
Poorly digestible. The digestibility of palm fat is 6% higher than the digestibility of milk fat and is about 96%. The most harmful of all oils for a child. One of the few vegetable oils that are used in the production of food for infants. Olive and sunflower are not suitable at all. Added to make the mixture less expensive. The statement could be considered correct if it was a whole product. The infant formula uses recycled palm oil and a small extract. The oil itself contains about 6 essential fatty acids. All of them are not needed in baby food. Only palmitic acid and olein are taken.
A little bit doesn't count?
So, we can conclude: is it not harmful to give infants baby food with palm oil? Unfortunately, no, everything is not so simple. Research has shown that there is still some harm.
So, is it harmful or not?
The answer to this question lies in the specifics of production. As mentioned above, palm oil in its usual form is not used in infant formula. Only individual acids. When only palmitic acid is taken, there is no harm at all - only benefit. But adding palmitic acid separately is expensive. More often, another acid is added - olein, to which palmitic molecules are attached. In its pure form, this combination does not show very good results.
- The percentage of calcium digestibility in baby food decreases.
- Some of the fat comes out in the stool.
- Constipation occurs as calcium binds and turns into hard lumps.
To solve this problem, manufacturers have "shifted" the palmitic acid molecule on olein so that it can no longer bind calcium.
If the package contains “modified palm oil”, this mixture does not cause any harm. It is useful and can be confidently used as a complete substitute for breast milk.
Dr. Komarovsky about palm oil
The famous doctor Komarovsky does not share the parents' concerns. He speaks positively about all milk formulas. In his opinion, it is harmful not to use baby food when there is no mother's milk. Both formula and natural breast milk may not always be 100% digestible. Many mothers who conscientiously breastfeed their babies exclusively are forced to constantly struggle with constipation, gas, allergies and other unpleasant phenomena.
Baby formula or cow's milk
Dr. Komarovsky believes that high-quality milk formula, including with palm oil, is much healthier than just cow's milk. Unprocessed pure milk protein can cause great harm to a child. It is dangerous to use due to the high risk of allergic reactions.
When is palm oil in infant formula beneficial?
Palm oil is used in infant formula not to make the product cheaper, but to make it as close as possible to mother's breast milk. For this reason, it cannot cause harm. It is better to buy mixtures that indicate “modified palm oil” in the composition. They are somewhat more expensive, but they have higher calcium absorption.
Palm oil is common in infant formulas. Not everyone knows how harmful this component is.
Specialists are divided into two types. Some of them are against this raw material, others are neutral towards it.
There is also an opinion about the benefits of its use. Which option is most truthful? To answer this question, you need to understand several aspects of the product.
Why is palm oil banned in some countries?
Palm oil is banned in European countries. This opinion is wrong. Moreover, it is consumed 4 times more abroad than in Russia.The absence of oil is explained by the fact that abroad there was no law requiring the mandatory indication of all fatty acids in products. Therefore, on the labels one could see “vegetable oils” and nothing more. But at the end of 2014 the legislation changed. After the new law comes into force, manufacturers must indicate the full composition of the product on the label.
In Europe, the composition of baby food is similar to that of domestic producers. Palm fat is found in most infant formulas. There are exceptions, which are described below.
Palm oil for children - absolutely not
Palm oil contains a wide variety of fats.Why is it not acceptable for children?
- Toxic substances. Carcinogens occur when heated, and baby food is diluted exclusively in warm water;
- Palm oil is not an oil, but a fat. This may lead to problems with baby's stool, accompanied by colic, because... intestines are prone to disorders
- An increased dose can lead to diseases of the vascular system
- Leads to calcium deficiency in the child's body
Important! Industrial palm fat is dangerous if consumed internally. This can cause irreparable harm to the child's health.But this ingredient also has beneficial properties. This will be discussed further.
Beneficial uses of palm oil
The use of palm oil is known in many products. There is a similar oil. Only it is red. This variety is most useful for humans.
Positive properties of this component in products:
- Decreased blood pressure. For hypertensive patients this point is very important
- Metabolism. It is normalized, which allows the body to fully absorb all useful substances.
- Active production of hemoglobin. People who suffer from anemia find this property very useful.
- Boosting the immune system. This is very important for a child
- Normalization of stool. Your baby will feel most comfortable with regular bowel movements.
Is there a difference between coconut and palm oil
Some products do not contain palm fat. But there will be coconut oil in the composition. What is the difference between palm and coconut oils?The origin of the oils comes from the palm genus. However, the trees from which the ingredient is obtained are different. Oils are very different from each other. Both the taste and appearance, and their properties are absolutely not similar to each other.
It is believed that coconut oil is the most beneficial. It contains acids similar to those present in breast milk. There are also acids that have an antiviral effect on the baby’s body. Therefore, it is often added to infant formulas.
Mixtures with coconut oil contain fats that break down quickly. They begin to disintegrate in the oral cavity. Accordingly, the load on the stomach is minimal, and the absorption of substances is good. Palm fat cannot boast of such qualities.
Oil obtained from coconuts is less allergenic. It has a positive effect on the condition of the skin. This fact is very important for babies prone to allergic skin rashes.
How to determine palm oil content in products
Unfortunately, there are unscrupulous manufacturers. They ignore the law and do not indicate the full composition of the product. Therefore, the presence of palm oil is not always reflected. How to identify palm oil in products yourself?
Professionals suggest arming yourself with some knowledge:
- Product expiration date. A long period is often due to the presence of an undesirable component
- Low price of the product. Palm fat is a very cheap raw material
- Long composition of the product. The shorter the composition, the fewer undesirable components in the product. They are often contained in stabilizers or dyes.
- "Made according to GOST." This label confirms the absence of harmful ingredients
Advice! The opinion that a product containing palm oil is bitter is erroneous. You shouldn't trust him. Many foods may taste bitter for other reasons.Reliable determination of the composition takes place only in laboratories.
The best baby formulas without palm oil
Parents want only the best for their children, so care begins from birth. When choosing formulas for feeding, parents often experience uncertainty. Professional advice comes to the rescue.The best baby formulas without palm oil:
- Similac 1. The mixture does not contain palm oil. The presence of useful components for the health of the body will ensure the correct growth of the child. There are no complications in the form of flatulence. This mixture supports the baby's immunity. It is intended for feeding children from birth to six months. Average price of a mixture weighing 400 g. is 400 rubles
- NESTOGEN 1. A mixture whose composition does not contain harmful oils. But the vitamin complex will allow the baby to develop and promote healthy growth. When a child consumes this mixture, colic decreases. The stool becomes regular, and the intestinal microflora improves. Average price of a mixture weighing 350 g. is 350 rubles
- NANNY 1. The absence of palm oil is not the only advantage of the mixture. The presence of prebiotics, vitamins and minerals are very beneficial for the child. Nanny 1 is created on the basis of goat milk. Therefore, it is recommended even for those children who are allergic to cow's milk protein. Average price of a mixture weighing 400 g. is 1000 rubles
Advice! Before purchasing a specific formula, you should consult your pediatrician.When choosing baby food, you need to take into account the child's health. This or that mixture may cause allergic reactions.
Palm oil production: video
Palm oil production is interesting. You can learn more about it in this video.The process of making palm oil takes a long time. He doesn't inspire distrust. On the contrary, you can be sure that the oil is created only from selected specimens. And the naturalness of the product ensures its safety.
Formulas intended for baby food are approximately similar in composition to mother's milk. All components and minerals included in them are selected taking into account the need for their consumption by the child’s body. This also includes the fatty component, which is presented in the form of palm oil.
The benefits or harms of palm oil
Opinions are divided on the benefits. Due to the large amount of cholesterol it contains, there has been a negative opinion about the presence of palm oil in infant formula.
Frequent consumption of products with this component can lead to sudden weight gain, and as a result, to cardiovascular diseases. In addition, palm oil interferes with the absorption of calcium in the child’s body, which can result in minimal bone density.
Currently, you can purchase mixtures without palm oil or mixtures with a modified structure different from the first, which is achieved artificially.
To find out which blend is palm oil-free, just carefully read the contents on the product label. As a rule, information about the components of the product is indicated quite plausibly.
Palm oil and its uses
Palm oil is obtained in tropical countries from fruits growing on the palm oil. The color of palm oil is red. It is rich in carotenoids. Natural oil has a high degree of saturation, which is what distinguishes it from sunflower, corn and olive oil. During processing, most of the beneficial substances are lost.
Palm oil is used in the production of many food products, since its cost is one and a half times less than the cost of its sunflower “brother,” not to mention olive oil.
Palm is used for dressing salads. It has a specific smell and taste. In the non-food industry, the product is used as a component in the manufacture of soap, candles, cosmetics and biofuels.
Reason for using palm oil in infant formula
Breast milk includes fats, which in baby food are replaced with a mixture of vegetable oils: soybean, coconut, rapeseed, sunflower and palm.
Among all the variety of oils, palm oil is the only natural plant ingredient that can provide infant formula. And to be similar to breast milk, the formula should contain about 20-24% of this acid.
The patent for the first blend containing whole palm oil was registered in 1953 by the United States.
Young mothers also note the presence of this product in many baby purees. Therefore, with the development of technology, the best nutrition for a newborn baby is still breast milk, endowed with the necessary amount of vitamins, minerals and macroelements. Finding an analog replacement for it is almost impossible.
What are Palm Oil Free Blends?
Blends that do not contain palm oil are premium. They contain probiotics and prebiotics. The absence of palm oil ensures normal stool for the child, and the presence of prebiotics and probiotics allows the formation of healthy intestinal microflora and maintains it at this level.
Infant formulas without palm oil contain an IQ complex, which is responsible for the development of the brain and vision. The complex includes lutein. It is found in breast milk and can only be supplied to a child through nutrition. During the first year of a baby's life, lutein is not produced by the body on its own.
By using dry formulas without palm oil to feed your baby, you can relieve your baby from frequent regurgitation, colic and constipation. The presence of starch or gum in the composition of infant formula ensures the necessary viscosity of the mixture in the stomach.
What adapted mixtures without palm oil exist?
The variety of dry mixes makes the choice much more difficult. Blends without palm oil are not much different from each other. Among them, the most famous are Similak and Nutrilon. "Similac" was developed in the USA.
The most popular palm oil-free mixtures, the list of which is presented below, contain prebiotics and probiotics. These components contribute to the formation and support the already formed intestinal microflora.
The IQ complex, which promotes brain and vision development, contains lutein. In addition to the IQ complex, we find this substance in breast milk. Lutein enters the body only with the baby’s food.
Consider mixtures without palm oil. The list is as follows:
- "Similac";
- "Nutrilon";
- "Cabrita".
Differences between one mixture and another
Let's take a closer look at several types of the most popular products. Palm oil-free mixtures "Similac" and "Nanny" belong to the casein group. The disadvantage of these products is their lower protein content than that found in breast milk.
Similak contains a mixture of oils such as coconut, soybean and sunflower. The balanced composition allows the baby’s body to absorb calcium well.
The "Nanny" mixture includes coconut, canal and canal oil and has a second name - rapeseed. As you know, it is often used for technical needs.
Nanny is made in New Zealand. The basis of this mixture is goat's milk. It is thanks to this that the hypoallergenic function of the product is ensured.
Infant formulas "Nutrilon", "Heinz" and "Kabrita" contain beta palmitate.
Reviews from parents
Do moms and dads like palm oil-free baby formula? Parents' reviews of them are divided. There are no complaints about the quality of these products. Many complaints are that it can be difficult to find palm oil-free adapted formulas for sale. If they are available on store shelves, the price of the mixtures is unaffordable for most families.
As they say, you don’t skimp on your health. Therefore, the choice before those wishing to purchase the product in question is varied, and the final word always remains with the baby’s parents.
Many mothers praise mixtures that contain palm oil. According to them, they did not notice any adverse reactions during feeding with such mixtures. Each child is individual and requires special attention. There is no need to buy expensive formulas when you can start with affordable formulas and carefully monitor the results based on the child’s behavior.
In the absence of adverse reactions, there is no need to transfer the baby to another formula, since this one suits him well.
With the start of complementary feeding, the number of products that contain palm oil will also increase. And in “adult” products it is even more common. The presence of such a component is not fatal, and if it is impossible to purchase infant formula without palm oil, you can opt for any other product from the offered range. And if difficulties arise with stool, resort to other ways to solve them than changing the dairy product.
Most children have problems with bowel movements, but this does not mean that palm oil is to blame.
Fermented milk mixture as one of the varieties
As a rule, fermented milk mixtures are designed to normalize the baby's stool. Fermented milk mixture without palm oil is available in any store. This variety is recommended for use in cases of frequent regurgitation. The fermented milk product is easier and faster to digest, since the protein molecules in this mixture are subject to partial breakdown.
Mixtures for allergic dermatitis
If a bottle-fed baby develops dermatitis, then when you visit a doctor, in addition to stopping complementary feeding, you will be recommended to use a hypoallergenic formula for feeding.
Hypoallergenic formulas without palm oil contain partially hydrolyzed whey protein, which is perfect for feeding babies from birth to 6 months. It is during this period that children are most susceptible to allergic reactions.
The use of hypoallergenic mixtures in food can significantly reduce the risk of dermatitis. If there is a possibility that a child may have a hereditary allergy, doctors usually prescribe hypoallergenic mixtures to prevent allergic diseases in the baby.
What does the mark on a product “Does not contain GMOs” mean?
Blends without palm oil are labeled “non-GMO” on the packaging. GMOs are genetically modified products obtained by introducing an artificially bred gene into the DNA of plants. This gene gives the plant new properties that allow the product to be stored for a long time and make it inedible for insects.
Direct harm from the use of GMOs in food has not been proven, and this issue still remains controversial. In the Russian Federation, such products are prohibited for sale. But the absence of the mentioned inscription does not indicate the presence of GMOs in the product. You just need to carefully study the composition of the purchased product.
Ultimately, when choosing a formula for their child, parents are guided by many factors. These include intuition, financial situation, experience, clear examples from the lives of their friends, advertising, etc. The choice always remains with the parents, as well as responsibility for the life and health of their children.
Producers, in turn, try to provide food to all segments of the population, regardless of status and financial situation. There should be no poor quality products on the shelves of children's stores. Let's proceed from this.
