If the father has 1 positive. What blood type will the child have? (blood group and Rh factor calculator)

Thanks to modern science, today it is possible to predict the character, state of the nervous and immune systems of the unborn child only by the blood type of the parents. The blood type, calculated by comparing the Rhesus and blood groups of the parents, tells about many characteristics of the unborn child - about the color of his eyes, hair, predisposition to certain diseases, even about gender.

The Austrian geneticist Karl Landsteiner divided human blood into 4 groups based on the structure of red blood cells, finding out that special substances in it - antigens A and B, are found in various combinations. Based on this information, Landsteiner compiled the definitions of blood group:

I(0) blood group - without antigens A and B;
II(A) - antigen A;
III(AB) -antigen B;
IV(AB) - antigens A and B.

What blood type a child will have is shown by Mendel’s pattern, a scientist who proved inheritance by all kinds of blood parameters, primarily by group.

The blood type never changes - having received one antigen from mom and dad at conception, respectively, the child begins to develop in the womb according to genetics. Thanks to this science, people began to prevent many problems with the fetus, in particular, to predict defects and complications.

Gene relationships

Even at conception, genes are transferred to the child from the parents, containing information about the presence of antigens and the pole of the Rh factor.

For example, blood group without antigens - the first - is inherited from parents who both have the 1st group.

The second group is compatible with the first; the child will have either the first or 2nd blood group (AA or A0).

The third group is obtained in a similar way - BB or B0.

The fourth is the rarest; either antigen A or B is transmitted to the child.

All these facts are confirmed, but still a theory, so the exact results for the group can only be determined with the help of laboratory tests. Today, with a high percentage of probability of coincidence, inquisitive parents or doubtful obstetricians managing the pregnancy, the group of the unborn child is calculated according to approximately the same scheme as given in the following table.

Table of inheritance of a child's blood type depending on the blood groups of the father and mother

Parents / Child’s blood type as a percentage
0+0 / 0 (100%)
0+A / 0 (50%) A (50%)
0+V / 0 (50%) V (50%)
0+AB / A (50%) B (50%)
A+A / 0 (25%) A (75%)
A+B / 0 (25%) A (25%) B (25%) AB (25%)
A+AB / A (50%) B (25%) AB (25%)
B+B / 0 (25%) B (75%)
B+AB / A (25%) B (50%) AB (25%)
AB+AB / A (25%) B (25%) AB (50%)

Rh factor

The Rh factor, which determines blood types, was discovered in 1940 by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Wiener. This was 40 years after the discovery of 4 groups - the AB0 system. Over the past half century, geneticists have learned much more about the processes responsible for the type of Rh factor. Rh blood factor may be the most genetically complex of all blood type systems, as it includes 45 different antigens on the surface of red cells that are controlled by two closely linked genes on the chromosome.

The definition of Rh+ or Rh- is a simplification. There are many variations of the Rh blood type depending on which 45 Rh antigens are present. The most important of these antigens for mother and fetus is the Rh conflict. When a person is identified as Rh+ or Rh-, it is usually in reference to the D antigen. In other words, an individual is Rh + or RhD-.

Child inheritance table of Rh factor

Protein as a substance predominates in the red blood cells of most people (85%), which are capable of inducing intense antigenic reactions. A person who has a protein substance in the blood is with a positive Rh factor. A person who does not have the protein substance is Rh negative. Under ordinary circumstances, the presence or absence of the Rh factor has no bearing on life or health, except when positive and negative forms are mixed. The Rh factor was first identified in the blood of macaques in 1940.

The Rh factor is a protein inherited from parents on the surfaces of blood cells. Rh positive is the most common blood type. Having an Rh negative blood type is not a disease and does not usually affect your health. However, it may affect pregnancy. Pregnancy requires special care if the mother is Rh negative and the baby's father is Rh positive.

Rhesus blood conflict between mother and child

The Rh factor of blood, a dominant trait, is also related to genetics, because the mismatch of its poles leads to a conflict that is detrimental to the baby and the expectant mother.

If the mother has Rh-, and the child, which unfortunately happens, has the opposite Rh - Rh+, there is a high probability of miscarriage. Usually manifests itself as an inheritance from one of the parents.

Rh conflict occurs only when the fathers are positive and the child and mother are Rh negative. So, the Rh+ father can have either the DD or Dd genotype, there are 2 possible combinations with different risks. Regardless of the genotype of the father, if he is Rh+ and the mother is Rh-, doctors assume in advance that there will be an incompatibility problem and begin to act accordingly.

This means that only Rh+ children (DD) are likely to be born with medical complications. When both the mother and her fetus are Rh (DD), the birth should be normal.

If a woman becomes pregnant for the first time and is Rh-, then there is no problem of incompatibility for her Rh-positive fetus. However, second and subsequent births can have life-threatening consequences for Rh+ children. The risk increases with each pregnancy. To understand why firstborns tend to have the safest births and why laterborns are at risk, you need to know some of the functions of the placenta.

Placenta and blood circulation

This is the organ that attaches the fetus to the wall of the uterus using the umbilical cord. The mother's nutrients and antibodies are regularly transferred across the placental borders to the fetus, but her red blood cells are not. Antigens do not appear in the mother's blood during the first pregnancy if she has not previously been in contact with Rh + blood.

Thus, her antibodies do not “stick together” with the red blood cells of her Rh+ fetus. Placental ruptures occur at birth, so that fetal blood enters the mother's circulatory system, stimulating intensive production of antibodies to antigen Rh-positive blood. Just one drop of the fruit actively stimulates the production of large quantities of antibodies.

When the next pregnancy occurs, the transfer of antibodies from the mother's circulatory system again occurs through the placental boundaries of the fetus. Antigens, antibodies, which she now produces in reaction with the blood of the fetus - with a positive Rh factor, as a result of which many of its red cells burst or stick together.

A newborn may have life-threatening anemia due to lack of oxygen in the blood. The child also usually suffers from jaundice, fever, and has an enlarged liver and spleen. This condition is called erythroblastosis fetalis.

The standard treatment for such severe cases is massive transfusions of Rh-negative blood to the children while simultaneously draining the existing circulatory system to eliminate the flow of positive antibodies from the mother. This is usually done for newborn babies, but can be done before birth.

Serums for transfusion

Blood groups and their compatibility were originally used in research to invent a serum to introduce a blood antibody sample. If the serum agglutinates red cells, then Rh is positive; if this is not the case, it is negative. Despite the actual genetic complexities, inheritance of this trait can generally be predicted using a simple conceptual model in which there are two alleles, D and d. Individuals who are homozygous for dominant DD or heterozygous for Dd are Rh positive. Those who are homozygous recessive DD are Rh negative (meaning they lack key antigens).

Clinically, the Rh factor pole, like ABO factors, can lead to serious medical complications. The biggest problem with group and rhesus is not so much the incompatibility for transfusion (although that can happen), but the risk to the mother and her developing baby in the womb. Rh incompatibility occurs when a mother is negative and her child is positive.

Maternal antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy fetal blood cells. The risk increases with each pregnancy. For Europeans, this problem accounts for 13% of their newborns being potentially at risk. With preventative treatment, this number can be reduced to less than 1% of patients receiving bad news. Nevertheless, Rh incompatibility remains the leading cause of problems with risks for the development of the fetus and newborn, and the continuation of pregnancy.

Interpretation of transfusion

Because the baby's own Rh+ red blood cells will be replaced with negative ones, the mother's antigens and antibodies do not require additional red blood cells. Later, Rh- blood will be replaced naturally, as the child’s body gradually produces its own Rh+ red blood cells.

Erythroblastosis can be prevented in high-risk women (i.e., group-negative women with a positive spouse or a blood-compatible spouse) by administering serum containing antibody antigens from maternal red blood cells at 28 weeks of pregnancy and for 72 hours thereafter. confirmation of the child’s positive blood type.

This should be done for the first and all subsequent pregnancies. The injected antibodies quickly "glue together" any baby's red blood cells as soon as they enter the mother's body, thus preventing her from forming her own antibodies.

Serums provide only a passive form of immunization and quickly leave the mother's blood. Thus, it does not produce any permanent antibodies. This treatment can be 99% effective in preventing erythroblastosis and also for women after miscarriage, recovery from ectopic pregnancy or induced abortion.

Without the use of serums, a woman who is Rh negative is likely to receive large amounts of positive antibodies each time she becomes pregnant if she comes into contact with an Rh positive person. Thus, the risk of life-threatening erythroblastosis increases with each subsequent pregnancy.

Signs of conflict with AB0

Anti-Rh+ antibodies may be obtained from an individual with Rh- blood as a result of a transfusion mismatch. When this happens, the likelihood of producing antibodies throughout life increases. Serums can prevent this.

Mother-fetal incompatibility can lead to a match with the ABO blood group system. However, symptoms are usually not that severe. This occurs when the mother and her baby are B or AB. Symptoms in newborn babies are jaundice, mild anemia, and elevated bilirubin levels. These problems in the newborn can usually be successfully treated without blood transfusion.

The membrane of red blood cells contains varying amounts of proteins, as well as carbohydrates, which are called antigens. The characteristics of the blood will depend on their presence. The most numerous is blood group 1 with a positive Rh factor.

Attention! Rh factor is an indicator of the antigen that is contained on the surface of red blood cells.

Initially, the 1st positive group was designated as the letter C, then it was decided to prescribe 0, that is, thus indicating that there were no antigens in the blood. On the contrary, the presence of antigen H can be found on the surfaces of red blood cells, as well as in other tissues of the body. Rh positive is assigned to this blood group due to confirmation of the presence of antigen D in the owners.

It should be noted that blood retains its original characteristics (group and Rh) throughout life. Group 1 can be inherited by a child from one or both parents. Only if the parents do not have blood type 4. It should be noted that the first positive one can be used as universal donor blood for the transfusion procedure. There will be no group incompatibility if Rh is “+”. If a person is injected with Rh negative blood, the result will be the sticking of red cells, that is, red blood cells, with subsequent deterioration of the person’s condition.

How can the Rh factor affect?

One of the most important characteristics of blood is the Rh factor. As mentioned, this is an indicator of the presence of antigen on the surface of red blood cells. To put it simply, this is an indicator of protein on the surface of red blood cells. Most people are characterized by the presence of antigens and, accordingly, have a positive Rh factor; other people are characterized by their absence, so they have a negative Rh factor.

The Rh factor is very important in two cases:

1. During the period of bearing a child, incompatible Rhesus may be life threatening.
2. If surgery is performed, which may involve a blood transfusion.

All other aspects associated with Rh a priori do not affect the state of the body, and therefore have no significance.

Pregnancy and blood compatibility

It is very important to plan your pregnancy, because blood compatibility during this period occupies a special place in the birth of a healthy baby. When both parents have a negative or positive Rh, the child will accept the same one as his parents, therefore, there will be no problems. The situation is similar with the acquisition of a blood type from parents. Studies have shown that babies often acquire their mother's blood type. Based on this, if the mother is carrier I positive, then there is a 90% chance that the baby will also be a carrier of this blood type, regardless of what blood type the father has.

Can there be a Rh conflict?

During pregnancy, the occurrence of a problem such as Rh conflict cannot be ruled out. It does not mean a combination of the parents’ Rhesus: for example, the mother’s is positive, and the father’s is negative. In this case, the child can acquire both negative and positive Rhesus. If the child takes the mother's blood, then the pregnancy promises to be without problems.

Attention! A pregnancy complication occurs when the child has a positive Rh factor and the mother has a negative Rh factor. Then a conflict between the blood of the fetus and the mother arises, which can lead to various serious complications during pregnancy.

Rh incompatibility has dangerous consequences. This is explained by the fact that antibodies produced by the mother’s body can destroy the fetus. In half of the cases, the baby acquires a positive Rh, but if the mother is negative, then there is a danger of miscarriage or intrauterine death of the fetus.

How are blood types compatible?

Until recently, experts believed that plasma transfusion occurs without consequences in any quantity. The compatibility of the first positive with other groups was excellent. However, after a number of studies, it turned out that plasma contains agglutinins, and with frequent transfusions, the likelihood of a negative effect on human health increases. Based on this, it was decided to dilute group I plasma with recipient plasma, and only after that proceed with the transfusion procedure in order to avoid possible complications.

Possible diseases

Those with a positive blood group suffer least from serious illnesses and therefore live longer than others. However, they may be predisposed to gastric ulcers due to high acidity. There is a high probability of inflammation of the gallbladder and liver. Women may be at risk for skin tumors. But, despite the above ailments, carriers of the first group are very resistant to nervousness, therefore they suffer least from mental disorders and retain a youthful brain much longer.

Reference! Among the carriersBlood group I with a positive Rh factor is extremely rare in people suffering from schizophrenia.

Based on medical research, it has been found that people with the first blood group suffer from typical diseases:

1. Pathological lesions of the joints. Arthrosis and arthritis.
2. Prone to persistent seasonal ARVI.
3. Respiratory diseases.
4. Thyroid dysfunction.
5. Hypertension.
6. Ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.
7. Hemophilia among men.

Information about diseases depending on blood type is contained in the video.

Video - Blood type and diseases

1. Poor blood clotting - this is the statement made by hematologists. Therefore, it is very important to take medications that contain aspirin, which thins the blood, with caution.
2. There may be problems with the intestinal microflora, therefore, it is best to take probiotics as a preventive measure.
3. Herbal decoctions (mint and rosehip) have a positive effect on the body. But it is recommended not to use aloe and burdock root.

Proper nutrition

The health status of each person is primarily affected by diet. After all, the food of the daily diet should contain a set of products that have a positive effect on metabolism and the digestive system as a whole.

It was found that carriers of I positive tend to be overweight. The gain of extra pounds occurs due to a violation of proper healthy nutrition. Since time immemorial, people with I positive have been hunters, so their diet should consist largely of natural proteins. This statement was recognized even by official medicine. Consequently, it was established list of necessary products for people withI blood group.

+	-	0
All types of meat are suitable for meat products, especially the liver	All types of meat, but it is best to give preference to pork and goose meat	Poultry meat (duck, chicken)
White and red fish	Salted fish (herring, salmon)	Eggs
Fish oil	Milk, yogurt, whey, cheese	Seafood – crayfish, squid, smelt, carp
Seafood	Peanut oil, cottonseed oil	Sheep cheese, cottage cheese
Cheeses, kefir and other fermented milk products	Poppy, pistachios	Cod liver oil
Eggs		Soybean oil
Buckwheat		Nuts – almonds, hazelnuts, cedar
Vegetables, fruits		Sunflower seeds and sunflower oil
Rye bread
Herbal or green tea

It is necessary to adhere to dietary features, since people with the first blood group are prone to diabetes.

Pay attention! In general, for normal well-being, owners of all blood groups are recommended to adhere to proper nutrition and lead a healthy lifestyle (with mandatory sports activities), but for people with this groupIf you have a positive Rh factor, you should base your diet on foods high in protein.

It is known that foods rich in protein can, in small quantities, quickly relieve hunger and completely saturate the body. In addition, they support the normal metabolic process. Mostly protein-containing foods are all types of meat, especially dark meat. Particular attention should be paid to the liver, as an offal for cooking, which contains a sufficient amount of protein.

To avoid problems with the functioning of the thyroid gland, you should regularly eat seafood, which contains the required amount of iodine.

Attention! It should be recalled that it is the thyroid gland that is most often vulnerable in people with blood typeRh positive.

When planning a diet, it is necessary to take into account your blood type, so when the first blood type is positive, it is recommended to consume goji berries; you can find out more here.

Video - Diet: 1 positive blood group

Can blood affect a person's character?

According to statistical data, it was found that the owners of the first positive character have a persistent character, are self-confident, know how to set goals for themselves and go towards them without losing their way. The general characteristics show that those with blood type I have strong willpower, so there are quite a lot of leaders among them.

Scientists have added to the psychological portrait of such people increased emotionality, excessive jealousy and an increased level of self-preservation. Self-confidence, supported by leadership qualities, helps to calculate actions and steps in advance, while simultaneously determining your benefits.

Women with blood type I constantly analyze their activities and categorically do not accept criticism in their direction. Most often they occupy high positions. A professional psychologist will tell you in a video about how blood type affects a person’s character and determines fate.

Video - How blood type affects our destiny and character

Until recently I was sure that blood types of parents and children must match, that is, the child must have the same blood type as one of the parents. For example, my sister and I have the same blood type and it matches my father's blood type. My husband also has the same blood type as his father.

When my child was born, he also had blood group the same like my father, that is, my husband. There’s just one factor that didn’t coincide - my husband and I have a positive Rh factor, but our daughter was born with a negative one. I remember in the maternity hospital, after our daughter’s blood type was examined, the midwife asked: “Which of you has a negative Rh factor?” We shrugged our shoulders: no one.

It seemed strange. Therefore, we wanted to find an answer to the question: why did parents with the same Rh factor give birth to a child with a different Rh factor?

The answer was found, and at the same time my misconceptions that the child’s blood type must necessarily coincide with the blood group of the mother or father were dispelled. It turned out that in some cases it is completely impossible to match the blood type of the parents and the child.

I'll start with the Rh factor. It turns out that if both parents have Rh negative blood factor, then their child will be 100% Rh negative. If one of the parents has a positive Rh factor, and the other is negative, then it’s 50/50 - the child can inherit both positive and negative Rh factor. When both parents have a positive Rh factor, it would seem that the child must also be positive, no matter whose genes he inherits. But in reality it turns out to be a little different.

If both parents have a positive Rh factor, then the probability that the child will have the same Rh factor is 75%. The remaining 25% are Rh negative.

Now about the blood types of parents and children and how it is inherited by a child.

First, let's figure it out what are the blood types in people and how they are designated. There are four blood groups in total, designated: 1st - 0, 2nd - A, 3rd - B, 4th - AB. Here A, B and 0 are genes that are passed on to the child from the parents, and one gene always comes from the father, the second from the mother. Without delving into the deep jungle of genetics, I will note that gene 0 is always suppressed in the presence of genes A or B. Genes A and B quietly coexist on equal terms. This is where interesting combinations arise, which determine the child’s blood type.

Let's look at some combinations of parental blood types and what results they can lead to.

If one of the parents has blood type 1 (0), and the other has blood type 4 (AB), then the child will have either 2nd or 3rd blood group. He cannot have blood types 1 or 4!!! This is the only combination in which no child will inherit the parent's blood type.

If both parents have blood type 1, then all their children will have the same blood type - 1. And all because there is only one gene in their blood - 0, therefore the combination will always be the same - 00.

If the mother and father have the 4th blood group, then there are many options - the child may have the 2nd, 3rd or 4th. But he can’t have the first one!

Finally, I provide a table from which you can determine the options for what blood type a child may have with certain combinations of the parents’ blood type.

Table of blood type inherited by a child

	I	I, II	I, III	II, III
	I, II	I, II	I, II, III, IV	II, III, IV
	I, III	I, II, III, IV	I, III	II, III, IV
	II, III	II, III, IV	II, III, IV	II, III, IV

A common classification of blood groups is the ABO system. Let's figure out how a child's blood type is inherited and what options there are if the parents have the same or different groups, as well as how the Rh factor is inherited.

Read about how to do a test to determine a child’s blood type in another article.

Mendel's law

Mendel studied the transmission of genes from parents to offspring, as a result of which he made conclusions about how certain traits are inherited. He formalized these conclusions in the form of laws.

He learned that a child receives one gene from each parent, so a child in a pair of genes has one gene from the mother and the other from the father. In this case, the inherited trait may manifest itself (it is called dominant) or not manifest itself (it is recessive).

With regard to blood groups, Mendel found that genes A and B are dominant (they encode the presence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells), and gene 0 is recessive. This means that when genes A and B are combined, both genes will encode the presence of agglutinogens, and the blood group will be the fourth. If genes A and 0 or B and 0 are passed on to the child, then the recessive gene will not manifest itself; accordingly, in the first case there will be only agglutinogens A (the child will have group 2), and in the second - agglutinogens B (the child will have the third group) .

A child inherits a blood type according to certain laws

AB0 system

This system for the typology of blood groups began to be used in 1900, when the presence in the blood (on red blood cells) of antigens, which were called agglutinogens, as well as antibodies to them, which began to be called agglutinins, was discovered. Agglutinogens are A and B, and agglutinins are designated alpha and beta. Possible combinations of such proteins create 4 groups:

• 0 (first) – contains alpha agglutinin and beta agglutinin.
• A (second) - contains beta agglutinin and A agglutinogen.
• B (third) - contains alpha agglutinin and B agglutinogen.
• AB (fourth) – contains A agglutinogen and B agglutinogen.

Rh-factor system

In 1940, another protein was discovered on the surface of red blood cells, which was called Rh blood. It is detected in approximately 85% of people, noted as Rh+, and the blood of such people is called Rh-positive. In the remaining 15% of people, this antigen is not detected in the blood; their blood is Rh-negative and is designated as Rh-.

Positive and negative Rh factors differ in the presence of protein on red blood cells

If mom and dad's blood types are the same

Even if the blood type of the mother and father is the same, due to the possible carriage of the recessive gene 0, the baby may have several variants of the blood type.

If mom and dad's blood types are different

With a different group of parents, there will be even more options for passing on genes.

Mom's blood type	Father's blood type	Child's blood type
First (00)	Second (AA)	Second (A0)
First (00)	Second (A0)	First (00) or second (A0)
First (00)	Third (BB)	Third (B0)
First (00)	Third (B0)	First (00) or third (B0)
First (00)	Fourth (AB)	Second (A0) or third (B0)
Second (AA)	First (00)	Second (A0)
Second (AA)	Third (BB)	Fourth (AB)
Second (AA)	Third (B0)
Second (AA)	Fourth (AB)
Second (A0)	First (00)	First (00) or second (A0)
Second (A0)	Third (BB)
Second (A0)	Third (B0)
Second (A0)	Fourth (AB)
Third (BB)	First (00)	Third (B0)
Third (BB)	Second (AA)	Fourth (AB)
Third (BB)	Second (A0)	Third (B0) or fourth (AB)
Third (BB)	Fourth (AB)
Third (B0)	First (00)	First (00) or third (B0)
Third (B0)	Second (AA)	Second (A0) or fourth (AB)
Third (B0)	Second (A0)	First (00), second (A0), third (B0) or fourth (AB)
Third (B0)	Fourth (AB)
Fourth (AB)	First (00)	Second (A0) or third (B0)
Fourth (AB)	Second (AA)	Second (AA) or fourth (AB)
Fourth (AB)	Second (A0)	Second (AA or A0), third (B0) or fourth (AB)
Fourth (AB)	Third (BB)	Third (BB) or fourth (AB)
Fourth (AB)	Third (B0)	Second (A0), third (BB or B0) or fourth (AB)

Rh factor inheritance

This protein is inherited according to a dominant principle, that is, its presence is encoded by a dominant gene. For example, if this gene is designated by the letter D, then a Rh-positive person may have a DD or Dd genotype. With the dd genotype, the blood will be Rh negative.