Why are hormonal drugs dangerous? What are progestin oral contraceptives? Do hormonal contraceptives affect the thyroid gland?

You have to take medications that contain natural or artificial hormones for various reasons, and more often women do it. We drink them when we are afraid of getting pregnant or, on the contrary, we really want to conceive a child, and the hormones also help cope with menopause, acne and even cancer. However, many ladies are still afraid of this terrible word, depriving themselves of many opportunities. When are hormonal pills appropriate? Let's look at the important points.

Effect of hormonal pills

The vast majority of processes occurring in the body in one way or another involve hormones produced by glands and responsible for both metabolism in general and many individual functions, such as growth, reproduction, and the processing of substances. The human body constantly monitors the presence of hormones in the blood and, if there is a lack of them, tries to increase production, which means a change in the function of the gland. With the help of hormonal pills, you can restore balance in the functioning of the systems.

Contraceptive drugs have an effect on the body as a whole. Long-term use of these pills reduces the risk of cancer by about 50 percent. In addition, hormones help make the cycle in the female body more regular, and the periods themselves often become less unpleasant. The drugs also help in eliminating acne, which is often a sign of hormonal imbalance.

Indications and contraindications

Hormones are prescribed in different situations, but the main points are:

1. Endocrine diseases.
2. Deficiency in the production of hormones by the body (drugs are used for stimulating effects to restore the previous hormonal balance, often this is done to normalize the menstrual cycle in the body and restore the ability to conceive a child).
3. Problems with the female reproductive system (hormonal substances normalize the menstrual cycle, stop dysfunctional bleeding from the uterus, promote ovulation, and bring the body to the hormonal balance required for conception).
4. Mastopathy or fibroids (to reduce the rate of cell division in the mammary glands and uterus).
5. Contraception.
6. Acne, pimples.
7. Menopause (to restore balance in the body and prevent the occurrence of arterial hypertension, osteoporosis and other problems).

There are also general contraindications, here they are:

1. Smoking.
2. Increased blood clotting.
3. Cardiovascular diseases.
4. Excess weight.
5. Liver and kidney failure.
6. Migraines with focal neurological symptoms.
7. Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
8. Increased risk of blood clots.
9. Hormone-dependent diseases.
10. Oncology.
11. Vaginal bleeding.
12. Diabetes mellitus.
13. Pancreatitis.

Side effects

Hormones can cause side effects in the body that include unwanted hair growth, skin problems and more. When taking birth control, they can range from unpleasant discharge and swelling of the mammary glands to allergic reactions, and you can also gain weight dramatically. Immediate withdrawal of the drug often does not have the desired effect, since the effects of hormones can be long-lasting and the body will take some time to return to normal.

Types of hormonal pills

The drugs are divided into groups of hormones:

• glands of the adrenal cortex, which include glucocorticosteroids, used to combat allergies and inflammation, and also as painkillers.
• The thyroid gland is used if it produces them in small quantities or, conversely, too much.
• sexual, which include androgens, estrogens, gestagens.
• anabolic drugs.
• pituitary gland, such as oxytocin and human chorionic gonadotropin.
• pancreas, one of which is insulin.

Use of hormonal drugs

Hormonal drugs are used in cases where the human body is not able to independently provide itself with the required amount of hormones. This therapy is called replacement therapy, since the patient is forced to resort to it for a long time, which can often extend throughout the remaining years. Medicines containing glucocorticoids are used to combat allergies.

Contraceptives

Contraceptives are one of the surest ways to avoid unwanted pregnancy. Their method of action is the influence of female hormones on the reproductive system in order to prevent ovulation and conception. The choice of drug should be made by a gynecologist; when using an incorrectly selected contraceptive, many health problems may arise, including liver disease and vein thrombosis. Let's look at which birth control pills are the most popular:

• "Diana is 35." This is an oral contraceptive with a low hormone content. In addition to direct contraception, it is used to treat seborrhea, problems with high levels of male hormones in the female body, acne and polycystic ovary syndrome. The drug affects ovulation, protecting against unwanted pregnancy. After stopping taking the hormonal drug, the girl can become pregnant again.
• "Lindynet 20". A modern means of the latest generation of contraceptives. These tablets contain very small hormonal doses, which reduces side effects to nothing. Already after three months of taking the drug, normalization of the cycle is noted, menstruation becomes less unpleasant. The likelihood of endometriosis, uterine or ovarian cancer, and mastopathy is reduced.
• "Jess." Birth control pills are an effective remedy in the fight against acne and oily facial skin, since they counteract male sex hormones. Gynecologists often prescribe Jess contraceptive pills to girls over the age of 14 in order to combat acne and eliminate particularly painful menstruation. The peculiarity of the hormonal drug is that it cannot affect weight in any way.
• "Regulon". This drug contains gestagen and ethinyl estradiol, which jointly act on the pituitary gland; the hormones make cervical mucus thicker and ovulation more difficult, which prevents sperm from entering the uterus and fertilization.
• "Janine." The tablets, which are a monophasic combined contraceptive, contain gestagen and ethinyl estradiol, which thicken the cervical mucus and affect ovulation, preventing sperm from fertilization.
• "Midiana". It is an oral contraceptive based on drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol, which affect the endometrium. Suppresses ovulation and prevents egg fertilization.

Estrogens

The level of estrogen hormones is significantly higher in women. There are three types:

• estrone, produced during menopause;
• estradiol, produced by all women of reproductive age;
• estriol, produced by the placenta during pregnancy.

But sometimes the level of estrogen does not correspond to the norm, this happens due to bleeding, problems with bearing a child, infertility, the presence of tumors in the reproductive system and breasts. The following drugs are classified as estrogens:

• "Dermestril." Contains estradiol and is used during menopause, eliminating hot flashes, postmenopausal osteoporosis, urogenital atrophy, problems with sleep and mood.
• "Divigel". It has estradiol as an active substance. This drug is distinguished by its beneficial effect on the development of specific female organs, such as the fallopian tubes and mammary ducts. It has a positive effect on the development of female secondary sexual characteristics and normalizes menstruation. In large doses, the hormone can reduce lactation and produce endometrial hyperplasia.

Thyroid gland

Levothyroxine sodium and triiodothyronine are thyroid hormones. If their level in the body decreases, this leads to consequences such as atherosclerosis, decreased cognitive function, excess weight gain, and anemia. In the absence of diagnosis and treatment, problems with the thyroid gland can occur even in young people and result in dysfunction of other organs, apathy, and loss of strength.

Thyroxine is a synthetic thyroid hormone. After passing through the kidneys and liver, it affects the growth and development of tissues in the body, as well as metabolism in general. Thyroxine affects the metabolism of fats and proteins, increases oxygen consumption, and improves the functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. With increased doses and long-term use, it affects the functioning of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

How to take hormonal pills correctly

If the doctor decides to prescribe hormones, do not argue, but listen. He will prescribe a course of examinations to make sure that the hormonal drug can be taken and there will be no harm to the body, and then he will determine the dosage. If you are going to take birth control, then consult a gynecologist. Having done a hormone test and found out which one is missing, the doctor will be able to prescribe a remedy. The gynecologist also examines the breasts for the presence of cancer, since hormonal drugs are not prescribed for tumors.

How to take contraceptives? In a certain order, once a day, for relief, the days of the week are indicated on the blister; it will be difficult to make a mistake or miss a dose. The first tablet should be taken on the 1st day of menstruation or on the 5th, if it was not possible earlier. You shouldn’t do this later, as there will be a risk of getting pregnant. Don't forget or skip your daily intake. One blister is designed for a month, there are tablets for continuous use, and there are tablets for 21 days (with a break of a week).

For breast enlargement

It is considered undeniable that the shape and size of female mammary glands depend on genetic factors. At the same time, we should not forget that the female hormone estrogen influences the female breast. Some hormonal pills affect its production, which leads to changes in size. This effect is exerted by prolactin, which acts on estrogen receptors in the breast, and progesterone, which promotes the growth of breast tissue.

Taking hormonal medications requires a careful approach; only your doctor will tell you what dosage you need. So, there are hormones that you can take 4 times a day with an interval of 4 hours. It is worth noting that it would not be superfluous to use a special cream to enlarge the bust; in addition, taking such drugs requires careful attention to the diet. In order not to lead to the production of testosterone, you should forget about sweets and starchy foods, and reduce your protein intake.

For pregnancy

To determine the hormones that can help in conceiving a child, you will have to take urine and blood tests, which will allow you to understand the state of the body. The ovaries produce estradiol, which is involved in preparing the uterus for conception, as well as testosterone, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, responsible for the production of eggs. Male testosterone, with its elevated level in the female body, makes it difficult to conceive, interfering with the normal course of pregnancy.

Progesterone, sometimes called the maternal hormone, is essential for the development of the baby in the womb. Conception is due to the normal function of the thyroid gland and pituitary gland. The latter is responsible for prolactin, which stimulates lactation and ovulation, and for luteotropin, which controls the production of estrogen in the female body. If conception does not occur for a long time, women are sometimes prescribed Femoston: it contains estradiol and dydrogesterone, which normalize and maintain the necessary hormonal level. This drug is a mixture of estrogen and progesterone.

For weight gain

Taking hormonal medications can lead to weight gain. This is used by athletes who want to build muscle mass by using steroids, which include corticosteroids and sex hormones. They are banned in Russia, which forced them to look for other methods, one of which turned out to be somatostatin, a growth hormone that can increase muscle mass.

However, you should be careful: hormones for weight gain should not be used without medical supervision. The doctor prescribes them for people with anorexia, exhaustion, and excessively thin. The drug “Duphaston” is very common: it was created for women who want to get pregnant, but for those who want to gain weight, it is perfect. Hormonal drugs are prescribed after consultation with an endocrinologist, who determines the dosage of the drug.

For acne

Hormone therapy is effective for acne. Taking hormone-containing medications will prevent excessive sebum production. However, you need to be careful because they can lead to worsening mood, weight gain and headaches as a side effect. At the end of the course, acne may return, and to prevent this from happening, it is necessary to use antibacterial drugs simultaneously, preferably not antibiotics, but natural substances.

Subcutaneous fat is formed with the participation of androgens, which are most actively produced by the female body during menstruation. This leads to the appearance of acne on the skin on such days. This phenomenon can be eliminated by using hormonal pills containing progesterone and estrogen, which will help the body maintain the balance of androgens. For this purpose, birth control contraceptives, such as Jess, are often prescribed: they are taken in a course, one tablet per day.

Which drugs to choose

Often, women make decisions about choosing a hormonal contraceptive based on advertising or what their friends say. This situation is unacceptable, because only a gynecologist, after all the necessary tests and examinations of the body, can recommend any of the remedies. If you decide to choose a hormonal drug on your own, it may not only not have the desired effect, but also cause harm to your health, even death.

Video

In the TV show, the obstetrician-gynecologist will tell you how and at what point hormonal contraceptives act on the body, and why you should not be afraid to take the drug. The doctor explains why birth control medications are good for fighting acne, how they prevent uterine and ovarian cancer, and also explains the benefits of the intrauterine ring and IUD for the treatment of certain gynecological diseases, such as endometriosis.

Contraceptives for acne

This is a group of drugs that are used for hormone therapy. The effect of such drugs on the body has been studied well enough that it does not cause concern.

Such a broad group as hormonal drugs includes the following categories of drugs:

• Contraceptives.
• Medicinal (drugs whose action is aimed at curing a disease caused by a deficiency of the hormone).
• Regulating (for example, to normalize the menstrual cycle).
• Maintenance (insulin for diabetics).

All drugs affect the body and women differently. It all depends on the general condition of the body, the presence of serious diseases and the state of the immune system.

Treatment drugs

This group is used for hormone therapy and is available in the form of tablets and ointments. Tablets treat serious diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, and ointments have a local effect.

In girls experiencing a lack of hormone production, the skin suffers from cracks and wounds in the winter, as the synthesis of new cells is disrupted. To deal with such trouble. The doctor prescribes creams, ointments and lotions containing hormones. Typically, ointments contain corticosteroids, which are absorbed into the blood within a few hours.

Such drugs can seriously affect the body. Therefore, it is important to maintain the dosage and, when prescribing, immediately determine the duration of the course, since one wrong step can lead to complications of existing problems.

Regulatory drugs

Due to the lifestyle of a modern woman, deteriorating nutrition and a polluted environment, many representatives of the fair sex experience menstrual irregularities. This can affect not only the sexual sphere of the body, but also the general condition of the body. Hormonal imbalances can lead to the development of breast cancer, as well as infertility. The action of hormonal drugs can help solve problems.

However, before taking it, examination and tests are necessary. First, a blood test is performed for certain substances. He will be able to identify either their excess. Such tests are quite expensive, but to solve problems it is necessary to start treatment in a timely manner. After identifying a deficiency or excess of hormones, regulation of their content begins. For this, courses of injections or tablets are prescribed. Properly selected oral contraceptives will help normalize the cycle without harm to health.

Any product containing hormones requires scrupulousness in determining the dosage, since it is quite easy to cross the line of the required dose. For example, exceeding the norm can lead to hair loss, swelling and pain in the mammary glands.

Hormonal preparations can be made from naturally occurring hormones or they can be synthetically produced substances. The course of hormonal therapy is aimed at normalizing hormonal levels and normalizing metabolic processes. Depending on the functional state of a particular gland, hormone therapy is conventionally divided into replacement, stimulating and blocking.

Negative effects of hormones

For the body of both men and women, the use of hormonal drugs can cause such unpleasant consequences as:

• osteoporosis and ulcers of the mucous membrane of the duodenum and the stomach itself when taking glucocorticoids;
• weight loss and cardiac arrhythmia when taking thyroid hormones;
• too sharp a decrease in blood sugar when taking insulin.

The effect of hormonal ointments on the body

Preparations containing topical hormones can vary greatly in the degree of effect on the body. Ointments and creams are considered the most powerful; gels and lotions contain lower concentrations. Hormonal ointments are used to treat skin diseases and allergic manifestations. Their action is aimed at eliminating the causes of inflammation and irritation on the skin.

However, if you compare ointments with tablets or injections, then their harm is minimal, since absorption into the blood occurs in small doses. In some cases, the use of ointments can lead to a decrease in the productivity of the adrenal glands, but after completing the course of treatment, their functionality is restored on its own.

The effect of hormonal contraceptives on a woman’s body

The peculiarities of the influence of hormonal drugs on the human body are that many factors are perceived purely individually. The use of such drugs is not only an intervention in natural physiological processes, but also an impact on the functioning of body systems throughout the day. Therefore, the decision to prescribe hormonal drugs can only be made by an experienced doctor based on the results of a comprehensive examination and tests.

Hormonal contraceptives can be produced in various forms and dosages:

• combined;
• mini-pill;
• injections;
• plasters;
• subcutaneous implants;
• postcoidal drugs;
• hormonal rings.

Combination medications contain substances similar to female hormones produced by the ovaries. To be able to select the optimal medicine, all groups of drugs can be monophasic, biphasic and triphasic. They differ in the proportions of hormones.

Knowing about the properties of gestagens and estrogens, we can identify certain mechanisms of action of oral contraceptives:

• reduction in the secretion of gonadotropic hormones due to the effects of gestagen;
• increased vaginal acidity due to the influence of estrogens;
• increased viscosity of cervical mucus;
• Each instruction contains the phrase “ovum implantation,” which represents a veiled abortifacient effect of the drugs.

Since the advent of the first oral contraceptives, debates about the safety of the drugs have not subsided, and research in this area continues.

What hormones are included in contraceptives?

Typically, hormonal contraceptives use progestogens, also called progestins or progestogens. These are hormones that are produced by the corpus luteum of the ovaries, in small quantities by the adrenal cortex and during pregnancy by the placenta. The main gestagen is progesterone, which helps prepare the uterus in a state favorable for the development of a fertilized egg.

Another component of oral contraceptives is. Estrogens are produced by ovarian follicles and the adrenal cortex. Estrogens include three main hormones: , estriol and estrogen. These hormones are necessary in contraceptives to normalize the menstrual cycle, but not to protect against unwanted conception.

Side effects of hormonal drugs

Each drug has a number of side effects that may occur; when these occur, a decision is made to immediately discontinue the drug.

The most frequently reported cases of side effects of hormonal drugs are:

• Hemolytic-uremic syndrome. It manifests itself with disorders such as anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure.
• Porphyria, which is a disorder of hemoglobin synthesis.
• Hearing loss due to otosclerosis.

All manufacturers of hormonal drugs indicate thromboembolism as a side effect, which is extremely rare. This condition is a blockage of a blood vessel by a blood clot. If the side effects outweigh the benefits of the medication, it should be discontinued.

Side effects of oral contraceptives are:

• (lack of menstrual flow);
• headaches;
• blurred vision;
• changes in blood pressure;
• depression;
• weight gain;
• soreness in the mammary glands.

Studies on side effects of oral contraceptives

In foreign countries, studies are constantly being conducted on the side effects of hormonal drugs on a woman’s body, which have revealed the following facts:

• Hormonal contraceptives are used by more than 100 million women in different countries.
• The number of deaths from venous and arterial diseases is recorded at 2 to 6 per million per year.
• The risk of venous thrombosis is important in young women
• Arterial thrombosis is relevant for older women.
• Among women who smoke and take OCs, the number of deaths is about 100 per million per year.

The influence of hormones on the male body

The male body is also seriously dependent on hormones. A man's body also contains female hormones. Violation of the optimal balance of hormones leads to various diseases.

Either estrogen leads to a decrease in testosterone production. This can cause problems:

• in the cardiovascular system;
• with memory;
• age;
• decreased immunity.

If the balance of hormones is disturbed, a course of hormonal therapy is necessary to help avoid further deterioration of health.

Progesterone has a calming effect on the male nervous system and helps men suffering from premature ejaculation solve sexual problems.

The normal content of estrogen in the male body has a number of beneficial properties:

• maintaining optimal levels of “good cholesterol”;
• pronounced muscle growth;
• regulation of the nervous system;
• improvement of libido.

When noted:

• suppression of testosterone production;
• female-type fat deposits;
• gynecomastia.
• Erectile dysfunction;
• decreased libido;
• depression.

Any of the symptoms is extremely unpleasant, so do not hesitate to visit a doctor. A competent specialist will be able to conduct a full examination and prescribe a course of medications that will significantly improve the condition of the body.

References

1. Sudakov K.V., Normal physiology. - M.: Medical Information Agency LLC, 2006. – 920 p.;
2. Kolman Y., Rem K. - G., Visual biochemistry // Hormones. Hormonal system. - 2000. - pp. 358-359, 368-375.
3. Berezov T.T., Korovkin B.F., Biological chemistry // Nomenclature and classification of hormones. - 1998. - p.250-251, 271-272.
4. Grebenshchikov Yu.B., Moshkovsky Yu.Sh., Bioorganic chemistry // Physico-chemical properties, structure and functional activity of insulin. - 1986. - p.296.
5. Orlov R. S., Normal physiology: textbook, 2nd ed., revised. and additional – M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2010. – 832 p.;
6. Tepperman J., Tepperman H., Physiology of metabolism and the endocrine system. Introductory course. - Per. from English - M.: Mir, 1989. – 656 p.; Physiology.

Hormonal contraception all over the world they are considered the most reliable in terms of protection against unwanted pregnancy. They are trusted by millions of women in civilized countries. They give freedom to choose the time of birth of the desired child, emancipation in sexual relationships, and relief from certain diseases and suffering. Subject to the rules of use hormonal contraceptives provide, without a doubt, a high level of reliability. In the last decade, interest in this method of protection has also increased in our country, but passions about the benefits and harms, advantages and disadvantages of their use do not subside.

How birth control pills work

Modern oral contraceptives may contain one or two hormones: progesterone and estrogen - then they are called combined, or only progesterone - the so-called mini-pills.

Combined contraceptives are divided into drugs:

• with microdoses of hormones;
• with low doses;
• medium dose;
• with high doses of hormones.

“Mini-pill” drugs are considered the most gentle of all birth control pills.

How do birth control pills work?

Birth control pills consist of synthetic hormones, which are analogues of female sex hormones produced in a woman’s body constantly during pregnancy. It is estrogen and progesterone that inhibit the production of other hormones that stimulate follicle maturation, due to which ovulation occurs. Therefore, by administering small doses of estrogen and progesterone with the tablet, it becomes possible to suppress or inhibit ovulation (egg maturation). The mechanism of action of all combined hormonal agents is based on this principle.

The action of the “mini-pill” is based on the same principles, but the effective point here is the effect of the tablets on the structure of the uterine mucosa, and on the change in the viscosity of the secretion of the cervical canal. Thickening of the secretion and looseness of the endometrium does not allow sperm to fertilize the egg, and the egg itself does not allow itself to gain a foothold in the uterus.

All these phenomena disappear when you stop taking contraceptives. Reproductive function is restored within two to three months, and the woman can have the desired pregnancy.

Birth control pills are almost 100% effective in preventing pregnancy when used correctly. At the same time, the use of these products regulates the menstrual cycle, relieves women from pain during menstruation and menstrual bleeding. Modern contraceptives eliminate the symptoms of premenstrual and menopausal periods, reduce the risk of cancer, stop unwanted facial hair growth, and the appearance of acne.

Does the effect of birth control pills decrease with alcohol consumption?

Women, especially at a young age, often wonder how alcohol affects the reliability of birth control pills. Is it possible to take them together? Of course, this question is legitimate, because taking contraceptives can be long-term, but life is life, and no one is immune from circumstances when alcohol intake may occur.

I would like to always be confident in the effectiveness of contraceptives, and to know what factors can reduce it. It is unlikely that anyone will be able to completely eliminate alcohol. And the instructions for contraceptive drugs often do not indicate that they cannot be combined with alcohol intake.

What to do if a festive feast is planned? If the celebration is scheduled for the evening, then taking the pill should be shifted three hours earlier or later. As a last resort, you can reschedule taking the pill until the morning, as if you forgot to take it, but then you need to follow the instructions for the drug and follow them exactly. It is also necessary to see a gynecologist to rule out pregnancy.

According to WHO, the dose of alcohol should not exceed 20 mg of ethanol per day, if the need arises in combination with birth control pills. Moderation in drinking alcohol plays a big role in maintaining the effectiveness of contraceptives.

Side effects

The main disadvantages of birth control pills are their side effects on the body, which include:

• Bloody spotting, especially common when starting to take the pills. After adaptation to the drug, as a rule, they disappear.
• Estrogens included in contraceptives can cause bloating, swelling of the lower extremities, fluid retention in the body, increased blood pressure, and migraine-like headaches.
• Progestins, on the contrary, cause irritability, nervousness, acne, and some weight gain.
• Weight gain may be associated with increased appetite when taking contraceptives. In some cases, this is due to fluid retention in the body.
• Sometimes birth control pills can cause dark spots to appear on the face, similar to those characteristic of pregnancy. In this case, it is better to switch to another type of tablet.
• Such dangerous vascular diseases as thrombosis can be caused. Their occurrence depends entirely on the dose of hormones in the product. The higher the dose of estrogen, the greater the risk of developing vascular thrombosis.
• Smoking is prohibited while taking some contraceptives. Women who smoke are at risk of developing heart attacks and strokes.
• Taking combined oral contraceptives can cause attacks of cholelithiasis and cause the formation of new stones in the bile ducts.
• Side effects may occur when oral contraceptives are combined with other medications: antibiotics, antifungals, etc.

What birth control pills help you get better?

Modern contraceptives, which contain microdoses of hormonal components, do not cause weight gain.

But, if the drug is chosen incorrectly for a particular woman or girl, some weight gain is quite possible. Many women experience weight gain in the first two months of taking contraceptives, which is easily explained by the body’s adaptation. If your weight increases in the future, then you need to decide on switching to another type of pill.

The effect of contraceptives on fat metabolism has been well studied. Therefore, it is possible for each woman to choose a remedy that would not cause the above side effects.

Bleeding while taking birth control pills

Bleeding when using birth control pills is a possible side effect. Bleeding can be either spotty or breakthrough.

Spotting bleeding occurs in the first months of taking contraceptives. They are more often observed when using drugs with low hormone content than when using combined drugs. The reason is this: microdoses of hormones in the tablet do not have time to accumulate in the body, and they are not enough to delay menstruation. This is a normal phenomenon, and it is not advisable to stop taking pills due to the appearance of spotting. The body will adapt and all functions will be restored.

If breakthrough bleeding occurs, the alarm should be sounded. It is better to immediately consult a doctor who will conduct an examination to exclude ectopic pregnancy, inflammatory diseases, uterine fibroids, and endometriosis.

What to do if bleeding occurs:

• Continue taking birth control as usual, or stop taking it within seven days.
• Contact the doctor. Your doctor may prescribe additional high-progestin pills.
• If the bleeding continues, then it is necessary to take a blood test to rule out anemia. For anemia, iron supplements are prescribed.

Vaginal discharge

Are women often concerned about an increase in vaginal discharge? and associate them with the use of birth control pills.

By the way, vaginal discharge is found in every woman, but normally it is odorless, transparent in appearance and insignificant.

If your menstrual cycle is irregular, you should consult a doctor who will tell you what to do. Establishing a cycle duration of 21-36 days is considered the norm.

With changes in mood, a herbal mixture with common twig helps well, which affects the level of testosterone in the body.

Skin problems such as acne, oily hair, greasiness? talk about an imbalance of hormones in the female body. In this case, combined oral contraceptives with antiandrogenic action are selected.

Doctors believe that it is better to stop taking the pills two to three months before the planned conception. However, it should be borne in mind that the likelihood of conception increases already in the first month after discontinuation of the contraceptive.

How to take birth control pills correctly?

It is better to start taking contraceptives on the first day of your period - only then the pills take effect immediately. If taken on the fifth day of menstruation, additional precautions should be taken. Women with irregular periods can start taking contraceptives on the first day of their cycle, confident that they are not pregnant.

In the absence of lactation, it is better to start taking it 21 days after birth. If breastfeeding, taking oral contraceptives should be postponed for six months.

After an abortion, it is necessary to start using birth control pills on the day of the abortion.

Standard regimen for hormonal contraceptives
The drug is taken daily for 21 days, followed by a seven-day break, then continues to be taken from a new package. Menstrual-like bleeding goes away during a break from taking the pills.

Special Modes
The 24+4 mode is typical for the contraceptive Jess, the package of which contains 24 hormonal and 4 inactive tablets. The tablets are used daily, without breaks.

Extended mode
It consists of taking a product containing only “active” tablets (continuously, more than one package). A three-cycle regimen is common - taking 63 tablets of monophasic drugs followed by a 7-day break.

Thus, the number of menstrual bleeding per year is reduced to four.

What to do if you forgot to take your pill?

The basic rule in case of missing a pill:
1. Take the missed pill as soon as possible!
2. Take the remaining tablets at your usual time.

If one or two tablets are missed, or a new pack is not started within one or two days
Take a pill. There is a risk of pregnancy.

Missing three or more tablets in the first 2 weeks of use, or not starting a new pack within three days
Take a pill. Use barrier methods of contraception for 7 days. If sexual intercourse has taken place within 5 days, use emergency contraception.

Skipping 3 or more tablets during the third week of use
Take the pill as soon as possible. If the package contains 28 tablets, do not take the last seven tablets. Don't take a break. Use barrier methods of contraception for 7 days. If sexual intercourse has taken place within 5 days, use emergency contraception.

When do birth control pills start working?

When taken correctly, the tablets begin to act immediately after the start of the course.

How to choose the right drug for nulliparous and parous women?

Young, nulliparous women are more often prescribed microdosed birth control pills. Such drugs as Lindinet -20, Jess, Logest, Mercilon, Qlaira, Novinet are ideal for them.

Low-dose and medium-dose hormonal drugs are suitable for women who have given birth. These include: Yarina, Marvelon, Lindinet-30, Regulon, Silest, Janine, Miniziston, Diane-35 and Chloe.

Features of contraception depending on the woman’s age

Selecting birth control pills is a difficult task that can be solved together with your doctor. The goal of the task is reliable protection against unwanted pregnancy. The criteria may be effectiveness, absence of side effects, ease of use of the pills and speed of restoration of fertility after discontinuation of the contraceptive.

Undoubtedly, the choice of contraceptive drug depends on age characteristics.

At what age can you take birth control pills?

The periods of a woman’s life are divided into adolescence - from 10 to 18 years, early reproductive - up to 35 years, late reproductive - up to 45 years, and perimenopausal - lasting 1-2 years from the last menstruation.

It is advisable to start contraception in adolescence, if, of course, there is a need for it. In recent years, there has been a decrease in the age of first pregnancy and childbirth, and the frequency of abortions at a young age is increasing.

According to WHO, the most effective for adolescents are combined oral contraceptives containing small doses of steroids and third-generation drugs containing progestogens. Three-phase drugs are best suited for adolescents: Triziston, Triquilar, Tri-Regol, as well as single-phase drugs: Femoden, Mercilon, Silest, Marvelon, which regulate the course of the menstrual cycle.

Birth control pills for young girls

Between the ages of 19 and 35, women can use all known methods of contraception. However, it should be borne in mind that the use of combined oral contraceptives is more reliable and effective.

In addition to oral contraceptives, other methods are also popular in our country: insertion of an intrauterine device, use of a condom, and use of injection methods of contraception.

It has been proven that birth control pills are used not only for contraception, but also for therapeutic and preventive purposes for diseases such as infertility, inflammatory and oncological diseases, and menstrual irregularities. The only drawback you need to be aware of is that hormonal contraceptives do not protect a woman from sexually transmitted infections.

The most common remedies at this age are Janine, Yarina, Regulon.

Which birth control pills are best to take after 35 years of age?

Doctors say that at this age women should be protected from unwanted pregnancy by using intrauterine devices, because At this age, steroids, due to the presence of diseases acquired by the woman, are contraindicated.

A woman may suffer from cervical diseases, endometriosis, endocrinological diseases - diabetes, thyrotoxicosis, obesity. Many women smoke. These factors complicate the selection of hormonal contraceptives.

Steroids are prescribed only if there are no contraindications. The latest generation combined contraceptive pills and three-phase drugs are preferred: Femoden, Triziston, Silest, Triquilar, Marvelon, Tri-regol.

For this group of women, products with a low content of hormones, as well as “mini-pill” preparations, are excellent. Hormonal contraception is combined with the therapeutic effect of new generation drugs. The most popular of them is Femulen. It can be used if a woman has diseases such as thrombophlebitis, previous heart attack and stroke, hypertension, severe migraine-type headaches, and some gynecological diseases.

Which birth control pills are suitable for women over 45?

After 45 years, ovarian function gradually decreases, the likelihood of pregnancy decreases, but is still possible. Many women at this age still ovulate, and fertilization of the egg can occur.

Undoubtedly, a woman is able to become pregnant and give birth to a child, but pregnancy often occurs with complications, since at this age there is a fairly large bouquet of various diseases. Usually there are diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys, chronic dysfunctions of the reproductive system. All factors can serve as contraindications for the prescription of hormonal contraceptives. Smoking and other bad habits also complicate the use of birth control pills.

Very often, by the age of 40, women no longer plan a pregnancy, and unwanted pregnancies are artificially terminated. Abortion, especially during this period, has consequences that threaten a woman’s health. Frequent complications of abortion are the development of uterine fibroids, cancer, and severe manifestations of menopause. The possibility of developing diseases indicates the need for contraception during this period.

Birth control pills are also prescribed for many gynecological diseases, osteoporosis, and to prevent the development of ovarian and uterine cancer.

At the age of over 45 years, it is promising to use low-dose hormonal drugs, mini-pills, injections and implants that are implanted under the skin (for example, Norplant).

Combined-action contraceptive pills are contraindicated in women over 45 years of age in the following cases:

• if a woman smokes;
• if a woman suffers from heart and vascular diseases - heart attack, stroke, thrombosis;
• with type 2 diabetes mellitus;
• in case of severe liver diseases with the development of liver failure;
• for obesity.

At this age, the modern drug Femulen is often used, which has virtually no side effects.

Effect of birth control pills

For pregnancy

When taking hormonal contraceptives, pregnancy is quite possible if a woman takes the pills incorrectly or the regimen for taking them is disrupted. If pregnancy is suspected or established, the drug must be discontinued immediately.

Taking hormonal drugs in the first three weeks of pregnancy does not have a negative effect on the condition of the fetus and the health of the woman.

Overall for the body

Hormonal contraceptives have different effects on a woman’s body. In order to promptly identify side effects of contraceptives, a woman taking these drugs is required to consult with her doctor twice a year. Contraceptives can affect the vaginal microflora. This influence manifests itself in various symptoms. Some people develop signs of thrush (bacterial vaginitis) because taking medications containing gestagens leads to a decrease in the level of lactobacilli in the vagina. In this case, it is possible to discontinue the pills until the estrogen level is restored and the symptoms disappear.

For the development of mastopathy

Women often ask the question: can birth control pills cause mastopathy?

Experts say that with the right choice of birth control pills and the correct regimen for their use, mastopathy cannot develop. Another thing is when a woman has hormonal imbalances, there are chronic gynecological diseases, diseases of the liver, kidneys, and adrenal glands. Hormonal imbalance, stress, depression, abortion, breast injury can lead to mastopathy.

Contraception should only be selected by a doctor. The doctor must take into account all the characteristics of a particular woman, her state of health, age, heredity, phenotype, bad habits, lifestyle, sexual activity. If the drug is selected incorrectly, without a doubt, the risk of developing mastopathy increases.

It is important to start taking hormonal medications only after consultation and examination by a specialist - in this case, you will avoid unwanted consequences and possible complications.

Do birth control pills help with menopause and androgenetic alopecia?

An effective treatment for women during menopause and with androgenetic alopecia can be tablets and creams containing estrogen and progesterone.

Is it possible to leave without a doctor's prescription?

Birth control pills are prescription drugs and can only be prescribed by a doctor. The law does not prohibit the sale of hormonal contraceptives without a prescription. But only a doctor can help you choose the right method and means of contraception.

So, you have become the “proud” owner of a prescription for a hormonal drug that your doctor prescribed to you for treatment or contraception. Since any hormonal drugs have a rather serious effect on a woman’s body, you need to remember several rules that will help you avoid not very good consequences:

1. Immediately set a reminder on your mobile phone to take a pill (preferably in the evening, when the main tasks are done).

2. While taking hormonal medications, forget about alcohol. The only exception is those days when you have a break from taking pills, and even then it is undesirable to take too much. It is known that alcohol and drugs can enhance or reduce each other's effects. Or there may be completely unpredictable consequences that will arise much later, and you are unlikely to associate this with that fun evening that you spent with a glass in your hands.

3. Avoid stale foods, strange combinations, and hard-to-digest foods. Because diarrhea (diarrhea) or vomiting can reduce the required concentration of the drug and will lead to the fact that instead of a “sleep” cycle, you get a completely “working” cycle, which will negate all treatment or contraception.

4. Remember that almost any hormonal drugs “thicken” the blood. Therefore, monitor the condition of your blood and get tested on time.

6. The most exciting moment is weight gain. Unfortunately, this is a common fact, no matter how doctors try to convince us. Of course, hormonal medications are now improved, with minimal dosages. But still, the danger of weight gain remains. Here you need to know that in the first months of taking such pills, the body will send signals that it seems to be hungry, although you just ate an hour ago. Learn to seize this moment and don’t be fooled by your own body’s provocations.

7. There are also cases of decreased libido. This is also quite natural and understandable.

Be that as it may, hormonal drugs, like any medicine, have their advantages and disadvantages. But it is still better to use them only for treatment, and for contraception it is better to consider other options, since recently more and more new studies have been discovered on the negative effects of such drugs on the woman’s body as a whole. In any case, the choice is yours.

Hormonal drugs are a group of drugs used for hormone therapy and containing hormones or their synthesized analogues.

The effect of hormonal drugs on the body has been studied quite well, and most studies are freely available to a wide range of readers.

There are hormonal products containing hormones of natural origin (they are made from the glands of slaughter cattle, urine and blood of various animals and humans), including plant ones, and synthetic hormones and their analogues, which, naturally, differ from natural ones in their chemical composition , however, produce the same physiological effect on the body.

Hormonal agents are prepared in the form of oil and aqueous formulations for intramuscular or subcutaneous administration, as well as in the form of tablets and ointments (creams).

Traditional medicine uses hormonal drugs for diseases that are associated with insufficient production of certain hormones by the human body, for example, deficiency of insulin in diabetes, sex hormones in decreased ovarian function, triiodothyronine in myxedema. This therapy is called replacement therapy and is carried out over a very long period of the patient’s life, and sometimes throughout his entire life. Also, hormonal drugs, in particular those containing glucocorticoids, are prescribed as antiallergic or anti-inflammatory drugs, and mineralocorticoids are prescribed for myasthenia gravis.

The effect of hormonal ointments on the body

Scientists have noted that the strength of the effect on the body, hormonal preparations for external use differ depending on the form of release. Ointments are considered the most powerful, and then (in descending order) come creams, lotions, gels and liquid forms (sprays). Hormonal ointments containing topical corticosteroids are successfully used in the treatment of skin diseases of non-infectious origin, including allergic manifestations. Their action is aimed at eliminating the cause of rashes or skin irritations, which is the inflammatory process.

Of course, unlike tablets or injections of hormonal agents, hormones contained in ointments are not absorbed into the blood in large doses, therefore their effect on internal organs and systems is minimal. These ointments are quite effective, but require extreme caution and strict adherence to medical recommendations when used, that is, external hormonal agents must be applied in a strictly defined dosage, localized and in compliance with the rules indicated by the doctor. It is also undesirable to use hormonal ointment for a long time without control, especially with a high concentration of active substances. About nothing SELF-MEDICATION And SELF-ASSIGNMENT hormonal ointments and speech to be CAN'T.

Although the corticosteroid substances in ointments are synthesized, they nevertheless properly perform the functions of hormones. Therefore, many patients are concerned about whether these compounds will have a detrimental effect on the body’s metabolic processes regulated by the endocrine system. Scientists have proven that when they enter the blood (through the skin), hormones can actually somewhat reduce the productivity of the adrenal glands, however, this only happens during the period of external hormone therapy (applying ointments). After completing the course of treatment, the activity of the adrenal glands is completely restored.

The effect of hormonal contraceptives on the body

Since the introduction of the first birth control pill (more than 50 years ago), hormonal contraceptives have been the subject of heated debate. This topic has not lost its relevance to this day. Some are supporters who claim that their health has noticeably improved from the constant use of hormones, while others are ardent opponents of using pills to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Undoubtedly, one thing is that both the benefits and harmful side effects of this form of contraception have been quite well studied and have long been known.

The effect of hormonal contraceptives on the body is entirely individual and depends on many factors. It should be borne in mind that the use of medications is a direct intervention in the natural course of physiological processes in the body and has a direct impact on the daily functioning of all systems and organs. That is why deciding to take any medications, in particular hormones, ONLY A DOCTOR CAN, preferably on the basis of a comprehensive examination and tests, including on the state of hormonal levels.

The effect of hormonal pills on the body

Like any medicine, birth control pills affect the entire body as a whole. It has been experimentally proven that regular long-term use of hormonal pills reduces the risk of cancer by an average of 50% (+ - 5%). But once a tumor is detected, hormonal drugs are no longer prescribed.

Doctors also note that the use of contraceptives helps normalize the menstrual cycle and reduce pain during menstruation. Sometimes in women with skin problems, in particular acne, acne disappears from taking hormones. This is due to the fact that acne was caused by a hormonal imbalance in the body, and birth control pills eliminated this problem.

When taking hormonal contraceptives, special attention should be paid to the following recommendations:

• pills intended to protect against unwanted pregnancy do not protect the female body from sexually transmitted diseases;
• women over 35 years of age should stop smoking when taking combined contraceptive pills, as in this case the risk of vascular blockage increases significantly;
• During breastfeeding, it is undesirable to use tablets of a combined composition, since the estrogen in their composition affects the quality and composition of milk. In this case, tablets containing only the corpus luteum hormone are prescribed;
• if nausea, dizziness, or stomach upset occur, you should consult a specialist;
• if you are prescribed medications, you must inform your doctor that you are taking hormonal contraceptives;
• If there is a miss in taking pills, then there is a need to use additional contraceptives, for example, condoms.

For women with severe forms of endocrine diseases, for example, diabetes mellitus, as well as those with pathology of the heart and blood vessels, neoplasms, taking oral contraceptives is undesirable. Your doctor will tell you more about the effect of hormonal drugs on the body, since their prescription is advisable only after a complete examination, taking into account the individual characteristics of the body.