Increased eye pressure after lens replacement. Cataract - what complications can there be after surgery? Advantages of cataract treatment at MGC

More detailed information about cataracts for patients and doctors (Sosnovsky V.V.)

Cataract treatment

Complications of cataract surgery

Cataract extraction surgery. performed by an experienced surgeon. is a simple, fast and safe operation. However, this does not exclude the possibility of developing a number of complications.

All complications of cataract surgery can be divided into intraoperative (occurring during surgery) and postoperative. The latter, in turn, depending on the timing of their occurrence, are divided into early and late. The incidence of postoperative complications is no more than 1-1.5% of cases.

Early postoperative complications:

inflammatory reaction (uveitis, iridocyclitis),
hemorrhage in the anterior chamber,
increase in intraocular pressure,
displacement (decentration, dislocation) of the artificial lens,
retinal disinsertion.

The inflammatory reaction is the eye's response to surgical trauma. In all cases, prevention of this complication begins at the final stages of the operation with the administration of steroid drugs and broad-spectrum antibiotics under the conjunctiva.

In the case of an uncomplicated course of the postoperative period against the background of anti-inflammatory therapy, the symptoms of the response to surgical intervention disappear after 2-3 days: the transparency of the cornea and the function of the iris are completely restored, and ophthalmoscopy becomes possible (the fundus picture becomes clear).

Hemorrhage into the anterior chamber is a rare complication. associated with direct trauma to the iris during surgery or trauma to it by the supporting elements of the artificial lens. As a rule, during treatment, the blood resolves within a few days. If conservative therapy is ineffective, repeated intervention is performed: washing the anterior chamber, and, if necessary, additional fixation of the lens.

An increase in intraocular pressure in the early postoperative period may be associated with several reasons: “clogging” of the drainage system with viscoelastics (special viscous preparations used at all stages of the operation to protect intraocular structures, primarily the cornea) when they are not completely washed out of the eye; products of the inflammatory reaction or particles of the lens substance; development of pupillary block.

When intraocular pressure rises, drops are prescribed, treatment with which is usually effective. In rare cases, an additional operation is required - puncture (puncture) of the anterior chamber and its rinsing.

Violation of the correct position of the optical part of the artificial lens can negatively affect the functions of the operated eye. The displacement of the IOL is caused by its incorrect fixation in the capsular bag, as well as by the disproportion between the size of the capsular bag and the size of the supporting elements of the lens.

With a slight displacement (decentration) of the lens, patients complain of rapid fatigue after visual stress, double vision often appears when looking into the distance, and there may be complaints of unpleasant sensations in the eye. Complaints, as a rule, are not constant and disappear after rest. With a significant displacement of the IOL (0.7-1 mm), patients feel constant visual discomfort; there is double vision, mainly when looking into the distance. The gentle mode of visual work does not produce any effect. If such complaints develop, repeated surgery is required. consisting in correcting the position of the IOL.

Lens dislocation is a complete displacement of the IOL either posteriorly, into the vitreous cavity, or anteriorly, into the anterior chamber. Severe complication. Treatment consists of vitrectomy surgery. lifting the lens from the fundus and re-fixing it. When the lens is displaced anteriorly, the manipulation is simpler - reinserting the IOL into the posterior chamber with possible suture fixation.

Retinal disinsertion. Predisposing factors: myopia, complications during surgery, eye injury in the postoperative period. Treatment is most often surgical (sealing the sclera with a silicone sponge or vitrectomy). In case of local (small in area) detachment, it is possible to carry out delimiting laser coagulation of the retinal tear.

Late postoperative complications:

Secondary cataract. The capsular bag contains the artificial lens. There are numerous Elschnig balls on the posterior capsule.

“Window” in the posterior capsule of the lens after YAG laser capsulotomy

swelling of the central region of the retina (Irvine-Gass syndrome),
secondary cataract.

Swelling of the macular region of the retina is one of the complications during interventions on the anterior segment of the eye. The incidence of macular edema after phacoemulsification is significantly lower than after traditional extracapsular cataract extraction. Most often, this complication occurs between 4 and 12 weeks after surgery.

The risk of developing macular edema increases with a history of eye trauma. as well as in patients with glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, inflammation of the choroid, etc.

Secondary cataract is a fairly common late complication of cataract surgery. The reason for the formation of secondary cataracts is as follows: the cells of the lens epithelium that were not removed during the operation are converted into lens fibers (as happens during the growth of the lens). However, these fibers are functionally and structurally defective, irregular in shape, and not transparent (the so-called Adamyuk-Elschnig ball cells). When they migrate from the growth zone (equator region) to the central optical zone, a clouding is formed, a film that reduces (sometimes quite significantly) visual acuity. In addition, a decrease in visual acuity may be due to the natural process of fibrosis of the lens capsule. occurring some time after the operation.

To prevent the formation of secondary cataracts, special techniques are used: “polishing” the lens capsule in order to remove cells as completely as possible, choosing IOLs of special designs, and much more.

Secondary cataracts can form from several months to several years after surgery. Treatment involves performing a posterior capsulotomy—creating an opening in the posterior capsule of the lens. Carrying out this manipulation frees the central optical zone from opacities. allows light rays to freely penetrate into the eye. significantly improves visual acuity.

Capsulotomy can be performed by mechanically removing the film with a surgical instrument. or using a laser. The latter method is preferable because it does not involve inserting an instrument into the eye.

However, the laser method for treating secondary cataracts (YAG laser capsulotomy) also has a number of disadvantages, the key of which is the possibility of laser radiation damaging the optical part of the artificial lens. In addition, there are a number of clear contraindications to the laser procedure.

Like a surgical one. and laser capsulotomy is manipulation. carried out on an outpatient basis. Removal of secondary cataracts is a procedure that allows the patient to return high visual acuity in a few minutes, provided that the neuro-receptive apparatus of the retina and optic nerve are preserved.

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Cataract surgery is the only treatment option for cataracts

Cataract removal surgery. is one of the most common surgical interventions in general. This is the only treatment option for progressive cataracts (clouding of the lens). During a microsurgical operation. The clouded lens is removed and replaced with an artificial one. Surgical treatment of cataracts almost always provides almost complete restoration of vision.

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Cataract: definition

A cataract is a clouding of the eye lens. Like everything else in our body, the lens of the eye is also subject to the normal aging process, which leads to it becoming cloudier throughout life. This happens at each person's own pace, and certain medications, as well as smoking or eye injuries, can accelerate the process of clouding of the lens and, consequently, the onset of cataracts. Most often, this disease is caused by age, which is why it is also called senile cataract. Age-related cataracts usually occur in people over 60 years of age. Only in rare cases is it congenital.

The disease is initially perceived as a thin veil over the eyes, which becomes denser over time. People with cataracts often become more sensitive to light. Sometimes their visual acuity improves for a short time because the refraction of the eye may change. However, this positive change will be negated by clouding of the lens as the disease progresses. If the clouding of the lens progresses and visual acuity noticeably deteriorates due to this, cataract surgery is the only treatment option.

Cataract

Cataract video

Lens opacification, causes of morbidity, risk factors, treatment

A cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye. The lens of the eye is usually clear. It acts as a biological lens, forming an important part of the light-refracting apparatus of the eye, focusing light as it passes to the back wall of the eye.

Until the age of 45, the shape of the lens of a person's eye may change. This allows the eye to focus on an object, whether close or far. As the body ages, the proteins in the lens begin to break down and it becomes cloudy. The image visible to the eye becomes blurry. This condition is known as cataract.

Causes of cataracts

Eye surgery

Too much exposure to ultraviolet light (sunlight)

In many cases, the cause of cataracts is unknown, but sometimes children are born with them, called congenital cataracts.

Symptoms of cataracts

Cataracts develop slowly and painlessly. Vision in the affected eye or eyes slowly deteriorates. Mild clouding of the lens often occurs after age 60, but does not usually cause vision problems. By age 75, most people have cataracts that impair their vision.

Visual problems may include the following changes:

Sensitivity to bright light

Loss of color intensity, colors may be less intense or yellowed

Problems perceiving shapes or differences between shades of color

Cataracts usually result in decreased vision, even in daylight. Most people with cataracts have similar changes in both eyes, although one eye may see worse than the other. Many people with this condition have only minor changes in vision.

Cataract: complications. Cataract complications

Recovery after cataract surgery is uneventful in 98% of patients. Complications, moderate or severe, are quite rare but require medical attention.

All complications of cataract surgery are divided into 2 categories: postoperative and intraoperative (those that arose during the operation).

During cataract surgery, the eye can become infected. Some infections lead to the patient losing not only vision, but also the eye itself. The risk can be minimized by using antibiotics before and during surgery. If the inflammation is external, it can be cured quickly, but if the infection develops in the eye itself, additional surgical intervention may be required.

Discharge from the incision increases the likelihood of intraocular infection. In some cases, additional stitches are necessary, but more often a pressure bandage is sufficient to promote healing.

Removing the lens and then applying too tight sutures can cause astigmatism, an abnormal curvature of the cornea. But often this illness goes away as the eye heals and the swelling subsides. In some cases, there is even a decrease in the degree of astigmatism due to a change in the curvature of the cornea of the eye.

Another possible complication of cataract surgery is bleeding inside the eye. It is rare because the cut or puncture does not affect the blood vessels. However, a bleeding choroid can cause vision loss, so this complication should be taken very seriously.

Cataract removal is also dangerous and there is a risk of increased intraocular pressure – secondary glaucoma. This disease is treated with medication, but in some isolated cases surgery is required.

Complications may appear 2-3 months after extraction. For example, the macular tissue of the retina may become inflamed. This phenomenon is called cystoid edema of the maculum. It is characterized by blurred vision and requires radical treatment methods and special analysis during examination.

Some complications may occur even a year after the operation. We are talking about retinal detachment, which can be caused by remnants of the vitreous gel.

Among the most common complications after cataract surgery is clouding of the residual membrane (the capsule left in the eye to support the artificial lens). This phenomenon is called post-cataract, but it does not mean that the cataract has formed again. This is just a clouding of the membrane surface, which can be eliminated with a laser. The procedure is quick and painless. Incomplete removal of the lens masses during cataract surgery will also lead to the same complication. In this case, the recovery period after surgery may also be accompanied by diseases such as iridocyclitis and glaucoma.

To reduce the risk of complications, the operation is performed first on one eye, and after a certain time on the other.

With a disease such as cataract, complications can arise not only after surgery, but also during the maturation of the disease. And cataracts themselves can become a complication of other diseases, for example, diabetes.

Don't underestimate the disease. Even immature cataracts can cause irreparable damage to vision. To avoid premature development of the disease, you need to carry out regular preventative care and periodically visit an ophthalmologist. And under no circumstances refuse treatment; even complicated cataracts, when the lens is removed and replaced with an artificial lens, cannot deprive a person of vision. However, the earlier treatment is started, the lower the risk of various complications. 95% of patients who decided to fight cataracts were able to regain their former visual acuity.

According to statistics from the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons, approximately 3 million operations to remove various types of cataracts with IOL implantation are performed annually in the United States. At the same time, the number of successful operations is at least 98 percent. Complications that arise during the postoperative process, in most cases, can be effectively treated with conservative or surgical methods.

So, in approximately 1% of cases, after cataract removal using phacoemulsification, cystoid macular edema or Irvine-Gass syndrome occurs. In the case of using the extracapsular technique, this complication can be detected in approximately 20% of patients. At the same time, the risk of complications especially increases in patients suffering from wet AMD, diabetes and uveitis. The incidence of macular edema, in addition, increases in the postoperative period of cataract extraction, complicated by rupture of the posterior capsule or loss of the vitreous. Corticosteroids, angiogenesis inhibitors, and NSAIDs are used to treat macular edema. If there are no results of conservative treatment, vitrectomy may be performed.

Corneal edema is a fairly common complication after cataract removal. Its cause may be a decrease in the pumping function of the endothelium due to mechanical or chemical damage during surgery, an inflammatory reaction, or concomitant ocular pathology. As a rule, corneal edema resolves spontaneously within a few days without treatment. In 0.1% of cases, pseudophakic bullous keratopathy develops, which is accompanied by the formation of bullae (blisters) in the cornea. In this case, hypertonic solutions and ointments are used as treatment for the condition, therapeutic contact lenses are recommended, and treatment for the pathology that caused this condition is prescribed. If there is no proper clinical effect, corneal transplantation may be performed.

One of the leading ophthalmological centers in Moscow where all modern methods of surgical treatment of cataracts are available. The latest equipment and recognized specialists are a guarantee of high results.

"MNTK named after Svyatoslav Fedorov"- a large ophthalmological complex "Eye Mycosurgery" with 10 branches in various cities of the Russian Federation, founded by Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov. Over the years of its work, more than 5 million people have received assistance.

"Helmholtz Institute of Eye Diseases"- the oldest research and medical state institution of ophthalmology. It employs more than 600 people who provide care to people with a wide range of diseases.

After the surgical intervention is performed, the patient feels that he can finally breathe freely, because all the difficulties are already behind him. Unfortunately, this is not entirely true. Caring for yourself and following all medical recommendations in the postoperative period are no less important than the successful implementation of the intervention itself. Lens replacement surgery is no exception in this case. Recovery after lens replacement is not a very long process and is successful if the patient takes responsibility for himself and his health. The correct behavior after replacing the lens of the eye will be discussed in this article.

Patient behavior after eye lens replacement

As a rule, surgery to replace your own clouded lens with an intraocular lens is performed on an outpatient basis. This means that within a few hours after the intervention, when the doctor is convinced that there are no early postoperative complications, the patient can leave the ophthalmology clinic. The exception is for patients who received intravenous sedation during the procedure, in which case the patient may be asked to remain at the clinic for observation until the evening.

It is advisable that after replacing the lens, one of your relatives or friends will meet you and accompany you home. The fact is that a sterile bandage will be applied to the operated eye, and in the case of a low level of visual acuity in the second eye, it will be difficult to navigate in space. The dressing applied in the operating room can be removed the morning after the intervention. When going outside during the first week, it is advisable to use protective glasses or a sterile bandage, gluing it to the skin of the face with a plaster. The postoperative period may be accompanied by the following sensations:

Minor painful sensations in the periorbital area and in the operated eye;
Itching in the eyeball area;
blurred vision;
Sensation of a foreign body or sand in the eye where the intervention was performed;
Minor headache.

All these symptoms disappear within the first week. If pain increases, you can take medications based on ibuprofen or paracetamol. It is advisable to spend the first day after replacing the lens in a horizontal position, rest more, and also try not to strain the eye.

Restoring vision after lens replacement

Patients are always interested in how quickly their normal vision will return after lens replacement surgery. Immediately after surgery, your vision will be blurred. All structures of the eyeball need time to heal and recover after surgery. To speed up this process as much as possible, you should try not to put stress on the operated eye and spend the first day at rest. It is advisable to avoid significant visual stress for a week.

After the first week, patients will notice positive dynamics and a significant improvement in visual acuity. Maximum recovery is most often observed after 2-3 weeks. At first there may be increased photosensitivity.

However, complete healing after lens replacement occurs in the 4th postoperative week. Restoration of vision largely depends on the presence of concomitant ophthalmological pathology. For example, glaucoma or degenerative changes in the retina can affect the quality of vision. Colors may appear brighter after cataract surgery because the light rays will now pass through the new clear artificial lens.

The need to wear glasses after lens replacement largely depends on the other eye pathology and the type of intraocular lens implanted. Glasses may be needed because the artificial lens cannot focus on objects at different distances. Scientific studies have demonstrated that 95% of patients with monofocal lenses and 20% of patients with multifocal lenses require glasses after lens replacement. There are also accommodating artificial lenses. With their use, the likelihood of wearing glasses in the postoperative period is lower.

For advice on choosing the right artificial lens for you, you should only contact your surgeon or attending physician.

Treatment after lens replacement

Eye drops in the postoperative period are an integral aspect of rehabilitation. Such treatment is necessary for rapid healing of the postoperative wound, as well as for the prevention of infectious complications. The purpose and dosage regimen of eye drops is individual for each patient. All this is determined by the surgeon immediately after the operation, and then at each visit. Typically, the following groups of drugs are used:

Antibacterial agents (drops containing ciprofloxacin, tobramycin).
Anti-inflammatory drugs (non-steroidal drugs - diclofenac, indomethacin).
Combined preparations containing hormonal and antibacterial agents).

As healing progresses, the frequency of use of drops decreases. However, all issues of dosing and the occurrence of adverse reactions must be discussed with your doctor. In order not to injure the eye during instillation, as well as to prevent infection, you must follow simple rules.

First of all, before using eye drops, you should wash your hands thoroughly with soap. Then tilt your head back or lie down on a horizontal surface. You need to pull the lower eyelid down with your finger, turn the bottle of drops over and press on the bottle or pipette. After instillation, close your eyes and apply a sterile gauze pad. If there are several drugs, a five-minute interval is considered the minimum. After use, eye drops must be tightly closed. To preserve the medicinal properties of the drug, it is recommended to observe the temperature regime of storage.

Recovery after lens replacement is not a very long process. Patients, as a rule, do not experience significant discomfort, and the restrictions are always temporary. Compliance with all medical recommendations and regimen guarantees the maximum possible restoration of visual acuity for each individual patient. It is best to discuss all questions and ambiguities that arise during the rehabilitation period with your doctor.

Limitations after lens replacement

Compliance with all restrictions will speed up the recovery period after lens replacement and will also reduce the risk of postoperative complications. Within a day after the intervention, the patient can take a shower, wash his hair and wash his face. It is important that during hygiene procedures, no soap, shampoo or other detergents get into the operated eye. Listed below are some restrictions after lens replacement surgery, which are strongly recommended to be adhered to during the first two weeks after surgery:

Avoid intense physical activity and heavy lifting.
Avoid tilting your head below the waist during the first month.
It is not recommended to rub or press on the operated eye.
It is not advisable to wear eye makeup for one week after lens replacement surgery.
It is not advisable to visit a pool or swim in open water, as well as visit a sauna or bathhouse.
You cannot stay in the bright sun for a long time without sunglasses.
Doctors recommend not sleeping on the side of the eye that has undergone surgery.

There are practically no restrictions on diet after this intervention. Proper nutrition and sufficient fluid intake are recommended. If constipation occurs, it is advisable to take laxatives to avoid injury to the eye when straining.

All restrictions are temporary and are aimed at the fastest healing of the eyeball. By following these simple rules, you will achieve the fastest possible restoration of vision and reduce the risk of postoperative complications.

Rehabilitation after lens replacement

The rehabilitation period is an important and responsible time for the patient. Rehabilitation means a set of measures aimed at quickly restoring vision. Rehabilitation after eye lens replacement consists of the following activities:

Visiting a doctor to examine and examine the operated eye. Timely visits will allow the specialist to monitor the progress of the recovery period, prescribe certain medications, and give recommendations on care and lifestyle. If for some reason you cannot visit the clinic on time, be sure to notify the administrator about this and select a new time for your visit.
Mode. There are no strict restrictions on the regimen for patients during rehabilitation after eye lens replacement. On the first day after the intervention, it is advisable to remain in bed or semi-bed rest and not to strain yourself. Subsequently, you can lead a normal lifestyle, avoiding stress and taking all measures to protect your eyes outdoors, as well as protecting it from exposure to toxins and chemicals. Protection from various detergents during hygiene procedures has already been discussed above.
Hygienic care. The operated eye does not require special care unless otherwise recommended by the attending physician. You can wash your face with water at room temperature. The use of eye drops for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes will be discussed in the corresponding section.
Eye protection. The patient leaves the operating room after lens replacement with a special gauze bandage or curtain. At home, you are allowed to remove this bandage yourself, but not earlier than the next day after the intervention.

Doctors recommend avoiding driving a car at the initial stage of the postoperative period. In conditions of partial restoration of visual acuity, driving a vehicle may require intense work of the operated eye. And insufficient vision clarity can lead to unwanted accidents. It is advisable to discuss returning to driving with the operating surgeon.

Often, the rehabilitation period after replacing the lens of the eye proceeds smoothly, and vision is restored fairly quickly if all recommendations are followed.

Complications after lens replacement

Fortunately, complications after lens replacement surgery are rare, and most are successfully treated if diagnosed early. The risk of complications increases in the presence of concomitant ophthalmological pathology. The attending physician always tells the patient about the risks of possible complications before surgery. After which, if everything is clear to the patient, he signs an informed consent to the intervention. The most common complications after lens replacement are:

Bleeding in the early postoperative period;
Infectious complications (endophthalmitis);
Increase in intraocular pressure;
Cystoid macular edema of the retina or retinal detachment;
Dislocation of the intraocular lens;
Secondary cataract or fibrosis of the lens capsule.

For timely recognition of complications, the patient is prescribed periodic preventive examinations in the postoperative period. If symptoms such as acute pain, a sharp decrease in the quality of vision against the background of previous positive dynamics, or flashes before the eyes appear, you should immediately consult a doctor.

However, if the patient follows all the necessary medical recommendations and restrictions after lens replacement, then the risk of developing postoperative complications is practically eliminated. Cataract surgery is one of the safest surgical procedures available today. Thanks to new ultrasound and laser technologies, the risk of intraoperative complications is 1/1000 percent, and patient reviews after lens replacement are mostly positive.

Complications of cataract surgery

Cataract extraction surgery performed by an experienced surgeon , is a simple, fast and safe surgery . However, this does not exclude the possibility of developing a number of complications .

All complications of cataract surgery can be divided into intraoperative (occurred during operations ) And postoperative . The latter, in turn, depending on the timing of their occurrence, are divided into early and late. Frequency of development postoperative complications accounts for no more than 1-1.5% of cases.

Early postoperative complications:

inflammatory reaction (uveitis, iridocyclitis),
hemorrhage in the anterior chamber,
increase in intraocular pressure,
displacement (decentration, dislocation) artificial lens ,
retinal disinsertion.

The inflammatory response is a response eyes on operating room injury. In all cases, prevention of this complications start in the final stages operations with the introduction of steroid drugs and broad-spectrum antibiotics under the conjunctiva.

If not complicated flow postoperative period against the background of anti-inflammatory therapy symptoms response to surgical intervention disappear after 2-3 days: the transparency of the cornea and the function of the iris are completely restored, ophthalmoscopy becomes possible (picture ocular the bottom becomes clear).

Hemorrhage into the anterior chamber is rare complication associated with direct trauma to the iris during operations or traumatization by its supporting elements artificial lens . As a rule, against the background of ongoing treatment the blood resolves within a few days. If ineffective conservative therapy repeated intervention is performed: washing the anterior chamber, additional fixation if necessary lens .

Early intraocular pressure rise postoperative period may be associated with several reasons: “clogging” of the drainage system with viscoelastics (special viscous preparations used at all stages operations for the purpose of protection intraocular structures, primarily the cornea) when they are not completely washed out from eyes ; products of an inflammatory reaction or particles of a substance lens ; development of pupillary block. When intraocular pressure rises, drops are prescribed, treatment with which is usually effective. In rare cases, additional operation - puncture (puncture) of the anterior chamber and its washing.

Violation of the correct position of the optical part artificial lens may have a negative impact on function operated eye . IOL displacement is caused by improper fixation in the capsule bag, as well as the disproportion between the size of the capsular bag and the size of the supporting elements lens .

With slight displacement (decentration) lenses Patients complain of rapid fatigue after visual stress, often double vision appears when looking into the distance, and there may be complaints of unpleasant sensations in eye . Complaints, as a rule, are not constant and disappear after rest. With a significant displacement of the IOL (0.7-1 mm), patients feel a constant visual discomfort, there is double vision, mainly with glance into the distance. Gentle mode visual work has no effect. If such complaints develop, it is necessary repeat surgery , which consists in correcting the position of the IOL.

Dislocation lens – complete displacement of the IOL either posteriorly, into the vitreous cavity, or anteriorly, into anterior camera . Heavy complication. Treatment is to carry out vitrectomy operations , lifting lens from the eye bottom and re-fixing it. When offset lenses Anterior manipulation is simpler - reinsertion of the IOL into the posterior chamber with possible suture fixation.

Retinal disinsertion . Predisposing factors: myopia, complications during operations, eye trauma in the postoperative period. Treatment more often surgical (sclera filling operation silicone sponge or vitrectomy ). In case of local (small in area) detachment, it is possible to carry out delimiting laser coagulation of the retinal tear.

Late postoperative complications:

Secondary cataract . The capsule bag contains artificial lens . There are numerous Elschnig balls on the posterior capsule.

"Window" in the posterior capsule lens after the YAG laser capsulotomy

swelling of the central region of the retina (Irvine-Gass syndrome),
secondary cataract .

Edema of the macular region of the retina- one of complications during interventions on the anterior segment eyes . Frequency of occurrence macular edema after phacoemulsification significantly lower than after traditional extracapsular cataract extraction . Most often this complication occurs between 4 and 12 weeks after operations .

Development risk macular edema increases with past trauma eyes , as well as in patients with glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, inflammation of the choroid eyes and etc.

Secondary cataract- quite common later complication of cataract surgery . Reason for formation secondary cataract is as follows: those remaining not deleted during operations epithelial cells lens are converted to lenticular fibers (as it happens during growth lens ). However, these fibers are functionally and structurally defective, irregular in shape, and not transparent (the so-called Adamyuk-Elschnig ball cells). When they migrate from the growth zone (equator region) to the central optical zone, a cloud is formed, a film that reduces (sometimes quite significantly) visual acuity . In addition, the reduction visual acuity may be due to the natural process of fibrosis of the capsule lens , occurring some time after operations .

To prevent the formation secondary cataract special techniques are used: “polishing” the capsule lens in order to remove cells as completely as possible, select special IOL designs and much more.

Secondary cataract can form within a period of several months to several years after operations. Treatment consists of performing a posterior capsulotomy - creating an opening in the posterior capsule lens . Carrying out this manipulation frees the central optical zone from opacities , allows rays of light freely penetrate inside eyes , significantly increases visual acuity .

Capsulotomy can be performed by mechanically removing the film surgical instrument , or using laser . The latter method is preferable because it is not accompanied by the introduction tool inside eyes .

However laser method for treating secondary cataracts (YAG laser capsulotomy) also has a number of disadvantages, the key of which is the possibility of radiation damage laser optical part artificial lens . In addition, to carry out laser procedure There are a number of clear contraindications.

How surgical , so laser capsulotomy – manipulation performed on an outpatient basis. Removal secondary cataract – a procedure that allows the patient to return high visual acuity subject to the preservation of the neuro-receptor apparatus of the retina and visual nerve.

People who have encountered this know that in most cases you can only get rid of it . This procedure is performed by a surgeon and does not last very long.

But despite the doctor’s vast experience, there is still a possibility that vision deterioration will occur after phacoemulsification. Therefore, before going for surgery, all patients want to know what complications may arise after cataract surgery and how this can be corrected.

What are the types of complications after cataract removal?

Phacoemulsification of cataracts is a safe procedure. But despite this, complications may arise after IOL implantation. The period of their origin is both the process of surgical intervention and after some time.

Postoperative problems include:

implant displacement;
inflammatory reactions;
retinal disinsertion;
increased eye pressure (about normal IOP );
hemorrhage in the anterior chamber of the eye;
secondary cataract.

These complications occur in 1.5%. This means that most operations are successful and none of the above pathologies will disturb the patient.

Characteristics of early complications after surgery

Very often, patients feel discomfort after a surgical procedure and do not dare to tell the doctor about it during the examination. This causes problems that can cause significant damage to vision.

What vision problems can arise over time?

Sometimes it happens that even 3-6 months after replacing the lens, complications occur in the eye:

Even after phacoemulsification, vision problems may occur. The risk of getting them is very low. You should never remain silent about the discomfort you experience. After all, experienced specialists will help eliminate it. And then it won't arise