Morozov hospital history of creation. History of the development of the Morozov Children's Clinical Hospital
On March 7, 1898, hereditary honorary citizen Alexei Vikulovich Morozov applied to the Moscow City Duma with a statement of the desire to donate from the sums bequeathed by the late parent of the manufactory-adviser Vikula Eliseevich Morozov to charitable causes, capital in the amount of 400,000 rubles for the establishment of a new children's hospital in Moscow.
This issue was considered at a joint meeting of the Commission public health and the Financial Commission and expressed an opinion on the urgent need to establish a new children's hospital in Moscow.
By this time, the city had three children's hospitals - St. Sophia with 100 beds, St. Vladimir with 265 beds and St. Olga with 40 beds. They were located in the central and northeastern part of the city, and the densely populated area of Zamoskvorechye did not have children's hospitals, and sick children were hospitalized in adult hospitals (1st and 2nd city hospitals), which was inconvenient for both adults and children.
And in the will a wish was expressed - to build a new hospital in the area of the Rogozhskaya outpost or in Zamoskvorechye and give it the name of Vikula Eliseevich Morozov.
A place was allocated in Zamoskvorechye on the Horse Market Square. Initially, it was planned to build a hospital with 150 beds (according to available funds), but the public health committee insisted on building a larger hospital - with 340 beds - and that construction be carried out in stages, as funds became available both from the city treasury and from philanthropists .
Therefore, a large plot was allocated with the expectation of further growth of the hospital. Given the high prevalence infectious diseases among children and the presence only in the St. Vladimir Hospital of a small number of places for infectious patients, it was decided to build an infectious diseases hospital, but in which there would be places for both surgical patients.
The architect I.I. was invited to the construction of the hospital. Ivanov-Shits, Nikolai Nikolaevich Alekseev, an experienced pediatrician from St. Vladimir’s Hospital, was invited to the position of hospital director and chief physician; Timofey Petrovich Krasnobaev was invited to organize the surgical service.
Before starting the construction of a children's infectious diseases hospital, they became acquainted with the construction of children's hospitals in England and Germany. Considering that each infectious disease is serious in itself, and that the addition of a second disease to it aggravates its course, in order to avoid this, it was decided to focus on the pavilion type of construction - for each infection there is a separate building, but the layout of the building should be such that, if necessary, the department could be divided into two independent parts, isolated from each other. Since the staff could also be carriers of the infection, they decided to equip each department on the second floor with a room for the staff of that building only - rooms for paramedics-wardens and nannies.
In 1900, construction began on the first administrative building and the first three infectious diseases buildings.
In April 1902, a significant event took place in Zamoskvorechye - an outpatient clinic for both infectious and non-infectious patients was opened on the first floor of the administrative building. Trying to protect the latter from meeting infectious patients, the reception was organized as follows- at the entrance, patients were greeted by a gatekeeper and a paramedic and, when the reason for their visit was clarified, they were directed to the main entrance or to the side entrances of the building - to separate rooms for infectious patients, depending on the nature of the disease.
The appointment at the outpatient clinic was conducted by three doctors - a pediatrician, an infectious disease specialist and a surgeon. Up to 500 patients were admitted daily; the outpatient clinic had an operating room where various operations. There was a smallpox vaccination room with a separate entrance, a laboratory room, and even a library for doctors. There was also a pharmacy for outpatients.
In January 1903, the first three infectious diseases buildings were opened - for patients with scarlet fever, diphtheria and patients with mixed infection- for one hundred beds. Somewhat later, a surgical department and a department for patients with internal diseases were opened.
The medical work was supervised by senior doctors: for infection - Boris Abramovich Egiz and Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kolli, for therapy - Dr. William, for surgery - Timofey Petrovich Krasnobaev. He was actually the founder of pediatric surgery.
These major clinicians not only carried out medical work, but also taught young specialists (who lived at the hospital) and were engaged in scientific activities. They issued guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of severe infectious diseases and on issues of pediatric surgery.
By 1906, 6 more medical buildings, a residential building for staff, a chapel and a sectional room, and all outbuildings had been built.
Simultaneously with the construction of the buildings, the park was also laid out. Trees were planted both around the buildings and around the entire territory of the hospital: a medical town was created - 9 medical buildings located in three rows.
The medical community was concerned about the high mortality rate of patients infancy Therefore, the donation of hereditary honorary citizen Alexander Andreevich Karzinkin for the construction of a special building for infants was accepted with great gratitude. This issue was dealt with by Dr. Langovoy N.I.
He studied in detail the work of similar institutions abroad and organized an outpatient clinic for receiving patients and an inpatient department, which was named after Sofia Andreevna Karzinkina.
The department had a dairy kitchen and wet nurses lived there.
According to T.P. Krasnobaev, who is familiar with children's medical institutions abroad, the Morozov hospital has no equal both in Russia and abroad.
Indeed, by this time the Morozov Hospital was the youngest of the children's hospitals in the city, but also the largest - it had 340 beds.
In the post-revolutionary years, the development of the hospital continued.
In 1920, doctors from the 2nd Medical Institute, led by major specialists. It began, or rather continued in-depth study various problems pediatrics.
New departments were formed in the hospital - the department of pediatric otolaryngology in 1932, and in 1934 - the first children's rheumatology department in the city was created.
Continuing the fight against nosocomial diseases, one of the infectious diseases departments was reconstructed into a boxed one, and then three more special departments with 122 boxes were built, the first department in Russia with Meltzer boxes was built - with stricter isolation.
Methods of diagnosis and treatment of patients were improved. Young personnel were being trained. A medical school was organized to train paramedical personnel.
The peaceful life of the country and the hospital was disrupted and interrupted by the outbreak of war. Young doctors nurses went to the front. On the very first night of the enemy air raid on Moscow, bombs were dropped on the hospital. Two buildings were destroyed, roofs were torn off, windows were broken, but not a single child was injured.
The staff carried the children to the shelter, and medical work continued in compliance with all sanitary requirements. Sick children arrived, and later – wounded, frostbitten, burned, exhausted, frightened, suffering. And only warmth and affection returned them health, peace and a smile.
After duty, the staff went to the farmstead to procure fuel for the hospital.
He supervised the work at the hospital during wartime. chief physician- Ermolai Vasilievich Prokhorovich.
The war ended, the buildings were restored, and peaceful life was restored.
Construction continued at the hospital, with old buildings being built up to 2-3 floors. A new 7-story building, a new 3-story boxed building, a new food hall, and a new pathology building were built.
Great scientific and preventative work, carried out in the country, led to a decrease in patients with infectious diseases.
There was a need to organize departments of other profiles.
From infectious diseases very severe, fatal disease remained tuberculous meningitis. The hospital established a department for such patients. Clinic workers, with the participation of hospital doctors, managed to develop a method for treating this serious illness. The first child was cured of tuberculous meningitis in the department of the Morozov hospital.
Together with clinic workers and hospital departments, it was tested and put into practice new antibiotic- syntomycin, for which they were awarded the State Prize.
The hospital organized the first departments of pediatric ophthalmology, pediatric oncology, pediatric traumatology, pediatric neurosurgery, pediatric hematology, pediatric endocrinology in the city healthcare system; a department for newborns with lesions was organized. nervous system, rehabilitation department for orphans.
Currently, the hospital has a hospital capacity of 1000 beds. 12 medical buildings house 24 medical departments 17 profiles and 12 support services.
The hospital has 4 city advisory clinics - a somatic advisory clinic with doctors of 12 specialties, a city eye advisory clinic with an eye sanatorium and a laboratory contact correction, neurological advisory clinic, city cardio-rheumatology clinic. Having such a combination - a clinic and a dispensary, a hospital and a sanatorium - it becomes possible to carry out step-by-step treatment and dynamic observation for the sick. City advisory clinics are actually methodological centers for city doctors.
Conceived and built as a children's infectious diseases hospital, over the 90 years of its life the hospital has become not only one of the largest children's medical institutions city, but also to the scientific and pedagogical center for the training of medical personnel, in-depth study current issues pediatrics.
On the basis of the hospital there are 12 leading departments of the State medical university and the All-Russian Peoples' Friendship University, led by prominent scientists - academicians, professors, doctors of sciences, come out scientific articles, monographs, dissertations defended on current topics pediatrics.
Over the 90 years of its life, the hospital changed its name several times - exemplary, children's city clinical hospital No. 1, but among the people it was always called MOROZOVSKAYA.
And only in 1993 it was returned to its previous name - MOROZOV CHILDREN'S CLINICAL HOSPITAL, and a memorial plaque was fixed on the facade of the administrative building - in memory of VIKUL ELISEEVICH MOROZOV.
The hospital still retains its appearance - these are Morozov buildings, 9 buildings in three rows, although some have grown to 2-3 floors, new buildings have appeared, but it is still a medical town under the canopy of the old park.
The hospital has also preserved old traditions - attention, honesty in work, kindness and care for sick children.
Now it employs about 70 medical workers who have worked from 25 to 40 years or more.
In conclusion, I would like to remind you of the chief doctors who preserved this wonderful hospital:
Nikolai Nikolaevich Alekseenko – 1901–1922.
Mikhail Abramovich Bliokh – 1931–1938
Ermolai Vasilievich Prokhorovich – 1942–1963.
Natalya Sergeevna Bonova – 1963–1976.
Mikhail Anisimovich Kornyushin from 1977 to the present (Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Professor).
Construction of the hospital continues today. The addition of one building and the reconstruction of another building have begun, which will house a hematology center and a city advisory clinic, but due to a lack of funds, construction is being delayed. I would like to hope that the descendants of the Russian merchants will continue the good traditions of allocating funds for charitable causes.
| Morozov Hospital | |
|---|---|
| Location | Moscow |
| Subordination | Moscow City Health Department |
| Form | urban budgetary institution health |
| Profile | Children's City Clinical Hospital |
| Date of foundation | 1906 |
| Chief physician | Koltunov Igor Efimovich |
| Characteristics | |
| Branches | 28 and 7 auxiliary |
| Employees | 1135 |
| Doctors | 420 |
| Bed places | 954 |
| Served | 177346 |
| Coordinates | |
| Address | Moscow, 4th Dobryninsky lane, building 1/9 |
| mdgkb.pro | |
State budgetary healthcare institution Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Health Department (former Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 1) is one of the largest and oldest children's hospitals in Russia.
Story
Construction of the hospital began in 1900 with funds from the Moscow merchant of the first guild V. E. Morozov (hence modern name hospitals). In 1902, an outpatient clinic and an administrative building were built, and in 1903, the first three infectious disease buildings were built. ...On the instructions of a philanthropist, surgeon Timofey Petrovich Krasnobaev traveled best clinics Italy, Switzerland, Germany, assessing what is advanced foreign experience may be useful in the construction of a children's hospital in Russia. It was he who explained to the benefactor how to build a hospital “no worse than in Europe.” The main principle of construction infectious diseases hospitals at that time they were divided into many different buildings - the isolation of infectious patients was the only way preventing epidemics. Krasnobaev’s opinion was taken as a basis when creating the project. The first buildings of the hospital corresponded to the best foreign clinics of that time. In 1906, construction of a hospital with 304 beds was completed. Throughout the 20th century, the hospital was repeatedly completed and reconstructed. Today, the medical care that patients receive at the facility is no different from what they could receive in any other country in the world.
Current position of the hospital
The structure of the hospital includes a hospital with 954 beds with 33 intensive care and intensive care beds, 40 day hospital beds, consisting of 28 clinical and 7 auxiliary departments and services, as well as a consultative and diagnostic center for outpatients. Every year in the hospital they receive medical care up to 36 thousand patients. Currently, the hospital has been reorganized by adding a children's dental clinic No. 36 (now referred to as branch No. 1) operating at the address: Malaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, and children's bronchopulmonary sanatorium No. 51 (now referred to as branch No. 2) located at: Orekhovy Boulevard, 4, with the aim of creating medical rehabilitation departments.
A number of units provide assistance not only to children in Moscow, but also in many regions of Russia. These are neuro-oncology and oncohematology (the only ones in the system of children's city hospitals), urgent endocrinology (constantly working hotline in pediatric endocrinology), ophthalmology-eye microsurgery (the only 24-hour pediatric eye emergency room in Moscow).
IN Morozov Hospital A team of medical specialists is on duty around the clock, consisting of: pediatricians, a surgeon, a neurosurgeon, an orthopedic traumatologist, a neurologist, an ophthalmologist - a specialist in eye microsurgery, an otolaryngologist, an endocrinologist, an oncohematologist, and resuscitators.
Morozov Hospital is one of the main emergency hospitals in the city. The hospital receives approximately 200 calls every day. Of these, approximately 130-140 children are hospitalized.
Among the hospital employees - 76 are candidates medical sciences, 17 - doctors of medical sciences, 6 - professors, 4 - corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 4 - honored doctors of the Russian Federation. Students are trained in 20 departments at the Morozov Hospital.
Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital began its history back in 1900. The money for the construction of the buildings of the children's infectious diseases hospital was donated by the merchant of the first guild, manufacturing adviser Vikula Eliseevich Morozov.
Just two years after the start of construction, patients began to be admitted on an outpatient basis, and at the beginning of 1903, the first three buildings of the infectious diseases hospital were opened. Construction was carried out under the leadership of the head physician of the hospital Alekseev, as well as the architect Ivanov-Shits.
At first, patients were admitted on an outpatient basis on the first floor of the administrative building. Housings are open in next year accommodated 100 beds for the treatment of infectious patients in the clinic. In 1906, six buildings were ready for operation, for patients with various diseases, a building for the surgical department, as well as premises for the kitchen, warehouses, and chapel. One building was set aside so that hospital managers could live there.
In 1906, the construction of the fourth children's hospital named after V.I. Morozov. in Moscow was completed. In total, the hospital was designed for 340 beds.
The work on treating young patients was led by such doctors as: Egiz B.A. and Colley V.A. in the infectious diseases department, Dr. William was the senior physician in internal medicine, in surgical department worked Krasnobaev T.P. In the administrative building of the surgery, on the second floor lived young specialists who combined study and work. Medical staff from the “Quench My Sorrows” community lived there. Staff working in different departments of the hospital were unable to communicate with each other, thus protecting themselves from the spread of infectious diseases within the hospital.
The public was very concerned high level mortality among infants, as well as the spread of nosocomial infections. Problem with infants resolved when a specialized building was built to treat children of this age. The merchant Karzinkin donated money for the construction. In the building, which is called S.A. Karzinkina, there was a hospital for 25 people, there was also a dairy kitchen and an outpatient clinic. The work was carried out under the guidance of Professor Langovoy N.I. Problem nosocomial infection was decided later. In 1930 one infectious diseases department reconstructed into boxes. Then they built three compartments with boxes that could accommodate 120 people. This hospital was the first in the country to use Meltzer boxes. In 1960-1970, some buildings were expanded to two or three storey buildings. In 1972, construction of a seven-story building designed to accommodate more than 300 people was completed. In 1983, the construction of a building with boxes was completed, on the ground floor of which there were Meltzer boxes. In 1976, a pathology department appeared in a separate building. In 1997, the hematology building was reconstructed and a blood transfusion department was organized on its basis. In 1932 it was opened pediatric ENT department, and two years later the department of rheumatology was opened. In 1942, a department for the treatment of neurological diseases was opened. This neurological department was the second in Moscow at that time. Five years later, a department for the treatment of meningitis and tuberculosis was opened for the first time. In 1962, a department was opened for the first time to treat newborns with diseases of the nervous system. The following year, traumatology and endocrinology were opened. In 1965, the hematology department was opened, where patients with leukemia were treated. Neurosurgery was first discovered in 1970.
The first ophthalmology department, as well as an ophthalmological clinic, were opened at the Morozov Hospital. In 1962, children's cardiorheumatology was organized. Later, a clinic was opened for consultations on neurological diseases. In 1937, a school was organized at the hospital to train highly qualified paramedical personnel.
Nowadays, the Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital is one of the city's largest hospitals for children. The hospital has only twenty-four departments with 1020 beds, seventeen specialties and seven additional services, a clinic, an ophthalmological sanatorium, and a medical school.
Two hundred and sixty-four doctors work at the Morozov Hospital, about half of whom have highest category, and 4 doctors received the title Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation.
