Vitamin b12 in ampoules. Vitamin B12 tablets – when is the drug prescribed? Features of administration and contraindications
Much has already been said about the benefits of B vitamins. Its representatives are of paramount importance. For example, for a woman to have a dazzling appearance, you need to regularly replenish your body with them. They are available and can be purchased at any pharmacy. Vitamins are packaged in ampoules and can be either water or oil based.
The role of vitamin B12 in the body
Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) was discovered in 1948. It was isolated from raw liver. For a long time Scientists could not understand why patients who took raw liver in small quantities managed to overcome pernicious anemia.
Since then, vitamin B12 and its effect on the body have been studied quite well; all that remains is to understand that this is an expensive gift from nature that should be used wisely. Vitamin B12 helps avoid the effects of stress; it, with the help of vitamins B5, B9 and C, helps block stress hormones and helps restore nerve cells and participates in the construction of new ones, that is, it is an active participant in the processes of biosynthesis of amino acids and the synthesis of DNA and RNA. The substance improves the blood clotting process and reduces the amount of cholesterol in it.
Vitamin B12 can be obtained from food or supplemented with tablets and injections. Cyanocobalamin is found in animal products, which is why vegetarians tend to suffer from a lack of it in the body. It is not synthesized in plants.
Uses of Vitamin B12
It is much more convenient to use vitamin B12 in ampoules. It is slightly liquid pink color. Neuralgia may be an indication for cyanocobalamin injections trigeminal nerve, hepatitis, neurodermatitis, anemia, Down syndrome, as well as migraine, diabetic neuritis, radiation sickness, multiple sclerosis, children's cerebral palsy. This vitamin has an effect on reproductive function- both female and male. Has beneficial influence per person immune system. If in the body HIV-infected people insufficient quantity vitamin B12, the disease progresses much faster.
B12 injections should not be prescribed in the presence of erythrocytosis or hypersensitivity to the drug; caution must also be exercised in case of malignant and benign tumors and angina.
How to give vitamin B12 injections correctly
As mentioned above, vitamin B 12 belongs to the group of vitamins. It is widely used traditional medicine, as one of the components used for treatment various diseases or for their prevention. Therefore, if cyanocobalamin is prescribed by a doctor, then this is not subject to discussion, but if someone independently decided to inject vitamin B12 in ampoules, the instructions for use in this case are subject to detailed study.
First of all, you need to know that cyanocobalamin can be used intravenously, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly. And the instructions also detail that it cannot be used together with drugs that increase blood clotting; you also cannot mix vitamins B1, B6 and B12 in one syringe; in addition, if the patient has an allergic reaction to vitamin B1, then B12 can significantly strengthen. You cannot combine cyanocobolamin with riboflavin and ascorbic acid, but colchicine, antiepileptic drugs and salicylates can reduce the degree of its absorption by the body. And there are many nuances that only a doctor can know, so only he can fully answer the question of how to inject vitamin B12.
Use of vitamin for various diseases
Headache and dizziness;
Fatigue and weakness;
Irritability, neuritis and nervousness;
The appearance of ulcers on the tongue and in the mouth;
Paleness of the skin;
Numbness;
Decreased appetite, back pain and sleep disturbances.
This drug is prescribed by doctors when completely certain diseases and for their prevention. For what diseases is B12 prescribed, how to inject it correctly?
The course of prophylaxis can range from 7 to 15 days, with injections given from 200 mcg to 500 mcg per day.
Diseases associated with the central and peripheral nervous system:
The first 3 days, 200 mcg daily;
The next 4 days, 300 mcg daily.
If no complications arise within seven days, the course of treatment ends. If complications occur, the dose is increased:
5 days daily 400 mcg;
The next 3 days, 500 mcg daily.
Another quite serious disease that occurs due to a lack of B12 in the body is anemia. Characteristic feature This ailment develops almost asymptomatically and slowly, but, as a rule, affects the nervous system. During treatment, cyanocobalamin is prescribed along with other drugs in a dose of 200 to 300 mcg; if complications arise, it is increased to 500 mcg and administered 1 or 2 times a day. If the patient's condition worsens, the dose can reach up to 1000 mcg. After 10 days it can be reduced, but another 3 months daily norm will be 300 mcg of vitamin. And after the end of treatment, one injection is given every two weeks for six months.
Vitamin B12 overdose
Before injecting vitamin B12 in ampoules, it would be useful to familiarize yourself with the consequences in case of an overdose: if the body has increased sensitivity in this substance, a large dose can cause an allergic reaction, which will manifest itself in the form of urticaria (rash on the body and mucous membranes), as well as pain in the heart, tachycardia, and increased nervousness.
It should be remembered that an excess of cyanocobalamin is very difficult to remove from the body.
Vitamin B12 in hair care
Cyanocobalamin is an excellent assistant in hair care. At home, the vitamin can be added to shampoo, thereby making it fortified. It is also added to hair masks. For example, great mask against hair loss - mix one teaspoon of honey and lemon juice and add one ampoule of vitamin B6 and B12 to the mixture. Apply the mixture to clean hair, leave for 10 minutes, then rinse. Repeat the procedure five times a week.
But, as you know, external application the results are always inferior to the internal ones. What to do if vitamin B12 cannot be used in the form of injections due to individual characteristics body, but at the same time I want to have beautiful hair? In such cases, it is best to add to your diet sufficient quantity include foods containing cyanocobalamin.
What foods contain vitamin B12
The most vitamin B12 is found in beef or veal liver, but it is in large quantities also contain chicken and pork liver. It is also contained in seafood products, such as crabs and oysters, in fish, egg yolks, meat, hard cheese, in dairy and fermented milk products.
Nowadays, fortified mixtures are offered in large quantities, for example, oatmeal, muesli in the form of breakfast cereals. In fact, it is unlikely that it will be possible to find the specified amount of vitamins there, because long-term storage helps to reduce it, and the preservatives contained in such products are harmful.
There is another caveat: vitamin B 12 is heat stable, which means it is not destroyed by cooking. But at the same time, direct sunlight has a detrimental effect on it.
Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble B vitamin. Unlike other substances in this group, it can accumulate in the human body, most of all in the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. It is absorbed into small intestine, deposited in the liver.
It contains cobalt ion, hence its other name - cyanocobalamin, or cobalamin. Cyanocobalamin is resistant to light and high temperature, and is better preserved in food products during heat treatment.
The activity of cyanocobalamin is very high, and the amount of vitamin B12 in foods is measured in mcg. Accordingly, a person’s need for it is small.
Amount of vitamin B12 in foods (mcg/100g):
- Beef liver – 60;
- Heart – 25;
- Oysters – 18;
- Trout – 7.5;
- Herring – 13;
- Russian cheese – 1.5;
- Sardines in oil – 8.5;
- Rabbit meat – 4.3;
- Beef – 3.0;
- Sea bass – 2.4;
- Cod – 1.6;
- Dutch cheese – 1.1;
- Cheese Poshekhonsky – 1.4;
- Cottage cheese – 1.0;
- Chicken egg – 0.5;
- Cow's milk – 0.4;
- Kefir – 0.4;
- Butter – 0.1.
The main source of this vitamin for the body is animal products. A little cobalamin is synthesized in the intestine by its own microflora. Very small amounts are found in soybeans, hops, tops, spinach, and green salad.
Vitamin B12 intake standards
Age determines daily requirement in cyanocobalamin. So, in infants up to 6 months it is 0.4 mcg/day, in children from 6 to 12 months – 0.5 mcg/day, from 1 to 3 years this need increases to 1 mcg/day, from 4 to 6 years – up to 1.5 mcg/day. Children aged 7-10 years require 2 mcg of vitamin per day, adolescents 11-17 years old, as well as adults - 3 mcg/day. In pregnant and breastfeeding women, the need is higher – 4 mcg/day.
There is also another designation for the amount of vitamin B12 - in international units (IU). 1IU corresponds to the activity of 1 mcg of cyanocobalamin.
The metabolism of cobalamin in the body occurs very slowly, and it takes at least 5-6 years for its deficiency to develop. If a person takes potassium supplements, then hypovitaminosis develops several times faster.
If a person smokes, drinks alcohol, or is a vegetarian, the need for vitamin B12 increases.
At excessive consumption sweets, carbonated drinks, as well as chronic diarrhea the absorption of cyanocobalamin from the intestine deteriorates, which means its intake into the body decreases.
If a person uses many different medicines, and especially contraception, the consumption of cyanocobalamin increases.
The importance of vitamin B12 in the body
Vitamin B12 plays significant role V biological processes the body, together with other vitamins, participates in the metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, as well as:
- Participates in the formation of red blood cells - erythrocytes;
- Helps remove homocysteine from the body, an amino acid that contributes to the occurrence of strokes and myocardial infarctions;
- Reduces fat and cholesterol levels in the body;
- Improves oxygen availability for cells during hypoxia;
- Takes part in the regeneration of damaged tissues, participating in the synthesis of nucleic acids;
- Promotes education active forms vitamin A;
- Participates in the formation of the hormone melatonin, which regulates biorhythms;
- It has an effect on the male reproductive system - it increases the sperm content in the gonads;
- Regulates the functioning of the immune system;
- It is a catalyst for biochemical transformations of organic acids, as a result of which myelin is formed - the sheath of nerve fibers.
Vitamin B12 is very important for hair, for its growth and healthy appearance.
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Hypovitaminosis is formed when there is insufficient intake of cyanocobalamin from food, impaired absorption, or when taking certain medications. Signs of its deficiency are the following symptoms:
- Low hemoglobin, platelets and leukocytes;
- Disorders of the digestive system;
- Fatigue, irritability, depression;
- Feeling of numbness in the limbs and difficulty walking;
- Stomatitis, glossitis;
- Headaches;
- Visual impairment;
- Painful menstruation.
Lack of vitamin B12 for hair leads to hair loss and early greying.
Excess vitamin B12
Cyanocobalamin hypervitaminosis rarely occurs when the dosage is not observed when taking vitamin B12 tablets or when administered parenterally.
Main symptoms of overdose:
- Pulmonary edema;
- Vein thrombosis;
- Hives or anaphylactic shock;
- Heart failure.
Use of cyanocobalamin for medicinal purposes
As a medicine, vitamin B12 in ampoules or tablets is used for diseases such as hepatitis, anemia, radiculitis, polyneuritis, chronic pancreatitis, multiple sclerosis, diabetic neuropathy, radiation sickness, cerebral palsy, injuries peripheral nerves, skin and allergic diseases.
Vitamin B12 tablets are better absorbed when simultaneous administration With folic acid. It is used in the treatment of anemia at a dose of 30 to 200 mcg per day, every other day, until remission is achieved.
Vitamin B12 in ampoules is used for intravenous, intramuscular, intralumbar and subcutaneous administration.
At neurological pathology, including with pain syndrome, vitamin B12 is administered from 0.2 to 0.5 mg per injection according to an increasing scheme, once every 2 days, for a course of up to 2 weeks.
Contraindications
Do not use vitamin B12 in ampoules and tablets in case of thromboembolism, erythrocytosis, individual intolerance. Concomitant angina pectoris requires careful use.
Microorganisms responsible for intestinal microflora are able to independently synthesize vitamin B12.
However, this is not enough, and a person needs to additionally obtain this vitamin from foods or vitamin complexes.
Vitamin B12 is found in foods not large doses, so B12 in ampoules will help replenish its reserves in the body. Its price in pharmacies does not exceed 30-40 rubles for 10 pieces, and you can buy it everywhere. The vitamin is administered intramuscularly, intravenously and subcutaneously.
Here you will find instructions for use, indications, contraindications, side effects and symptoms of overdose.
Everyone needs it, but there is special categories people who need it more than others.
Vitamin B12 in ampoules is necessary for smokers, vegetarians, elderly people and people prone to depression
Alcohol drinkers and smokers. The body is weakened tobacco smoke and alcohol, needs increased quantity vitamins, including B12.
Vegetarians. Since B12 is found mainly in animal products (meat, dairy products, fish), vegetarians do not get enough of it.
Elderly people. To prevent development senile dementia and memory impairment, it is important to maintain the B12 balance at the right level.
People prone to depression. This vitamin helps improve mood, normalizes sleep and fights stress.
prescribed for the following diseases:
- anemia (pernicious-like, agastric, nutritional, toxic-drug);
- malignant anemia;
- cirrhosis, hepatitis, Botkin's disease and other liver diseases;
- multiple sclerosis;
- migraine;
- radiation sickness;
- radiculitis;
- psoriasis.
B12 is also prescribed to children with:
- cerebral palsy;
- Down's disease;
- aplastic anemia;
- dystrophy.
Why is B12 in ampoules better than in capsules?
In fact, the drug in capsules is no worse than ampoules. But capsules cannot always be used, for example, to treat children early age— they are given B12 subcutaneously in the form of injections.
Dosage
Vitamin B12 in ampoules is prescribed in the following doses:
- Hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver: for 25-40 days, 0.03-0.06 mg every day or 0.1 g every other day.
- For diseases of the central nervous system: for 14 days, 0.1-0.5 mg every day.
- Radiation sickness: for 25-30 days, 0.06-0.1 mg every day.
- Premature babies: 0.03 mg every day for 15 days.
- Down's disease and cerebral palsy: for 15 days, 0.015-0.03 mg every day.
- The recommended dose for adults with a lack of vitamin in the body is 3 mcg.
Attention! Only a doctor can prescribe the exact dose of the vitamin.
Overdose symptoms and contraindications
An overdose of vitamins may cause heart pain, an allergic reaction and other disorders.
B12 is contraindicated during pregnancy, lactation, thrombosis, erythremia, erythrocytosis, as well as hypersensitivity to this vitamin.
Overdose symptoms:
- allergic reactions;
- heart pain and rapid heartbeat;
- gastrointestinal disorder;
- nervous excitement, anxiety;
- hypercoagulability.
Side effects usually appear when the daily dose is exceeded several times. If these symptoms occur, you should temporarily stop taking B12 and tell your doctor.
Unconventional uses
Among women, it is common to use vitamins as cosmetics for body and hair care, and B12 is no exception.
Face mask. The vitamin is applied to the face in combination with sour cream, oils, honey, other vitamins and extracts.
B12 applied to the face has a smoothing and rejuvenating effect, tightens pores, promotes epidermal renewal, and gives the skin a healthy appearance.
Vitamin B12 is used in hair and face masks
Vitamin mixtures for. It is believed that vitamin B12 has a beneficial effect on hair structure, strengthens it and accelerates growth.
It is used by applying it to the scalp along with pharmaceutical oils or add the contents of the ampoule directly to the shampoo bottle. Often used in conjunction with vitamins B1 and B6.
Vitamin B12 is one of the essential vitamins, necessary for the health and full functioning of the body. You cannot take this drug subcutaneously, intravenously or intramuscularly without a doctor’s prescription.
Before use, you need to get tested and find out whether there really is a deficiency of the vitamin, so as not to harm your body. If the doctor nevertheless prescribed it, it is important to follow all recommendations and follow the instructions for use.
Vitamin B12 is one of the few vital essential vitamins, which contain a trace element such as cobalt. This microelement is necessary to maintain the human body in a normal healthy state.
Vitamin B12 was discovered completely by accident. The German physician Birmer, in search of a cure for a severe form of anemia that his father suffered from, discovered that after eating raw liver, the patient began to feel much better.
Later it turned out that the lack of cyanocobalamin in the body, which is contained inside raw liver, actually caused this disease.
Chemical formula
B12, in comparison with other vitamins, has the most complex structure. The vitamin formula is C63H89CoN14O14P. Cobalt located inside the structure forms four bonds with nitrogen atoms and one bond with dimethylbenzimidazole nucleotide.
The sixth coordination link remains free. They can join different groups substances (hydroxyl group, cyano group, 5-deoxyadenosyl or methyl residue, etc.).
B12 is a unique substance
Cyanocobalamin, which is contained in B12, is represented by solid dark red crystals. It is the cobalt atom that gives the molecule this color.
B12 can be called unique because no other vitamin contains metal atoms. He's not afraid high temperatures, therefore it is very well preserved in food products, even after long storage.
Vitamin B12, together with vitamin A, promotes cell division. It ensures the entry of carotenes into metabolism, due to which it becomes active ().
B12 is also very useful for children, it reinforces useful substances bones. In addition, women need B12 during menopause when bone loss occurs.
Along with folic acid, vitamin C and pantothenic acid, B12 helps the body metabolize proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Folic acid produces choline, the most important transmitter of nerve impulses.
Vitamin B12 also produces methione, a substance that is responsible for feelings such as kindness, love, and joy. Together with the same folic acid, B12 is involved in the production of monoamines (nerve irritants that determine the state of the psyche of the human body).
Vitamin B12 deficiency does not appear immediately; its development is very slow. If you do not notice the lack of vitamin in time, it can be fraught severe violations psyche. Symptoms can vary, such as multiple sclerosis, which can subsequently lead to paralysis and death.
Cyanocobalamin is also responsible for a person’s mood. IN depressed state There is almost always a lack of vitamin B12. In addition, vitamin B12 deficiency leads to a reduction in carnitine, which helps fat molecules oxidize, thereby providing energy to the entire body.
Contents in products
Products containing vitamin B12:
- spinach, green onions, sprouted wheat, lettuce and other greens;
- seafood (fish, mussels, seaweed, shrimp and other delicacies);
- raw egg yolk;
- fermented milk products;
- brewer's and baker's yeast.
Contents in preparations
Vitamin B12 is used in the creation of drugs that are used in medicinal purposes for liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, polyarthritis, radiculitis, neuritis.
Vitamin B12 preparations are also used in the form of injections. B12 is found in such drugs as Milgamma, Neuromultivit, Multi-Tabs B-complex, Beviplex, Pentovit, etc.
The use of B12 in tablets is considered more effective and safe, because intramuscular and intravenous injections have a number of disadvantages.
Daily requirement
An adult needs to consume only 0.003 mg of vitamin B12 daily. Scientists have proven that complete absence or a slight deficiency of the vitamin in food will lead to serious consequences for human health.
Elderly people need to use more of this substance, since assimilation by the body becomes more difficult with age. Doctors also recommend that pregnant women consume foods containing 2-3 times more B12 than usual.
Indications, use, dosage
In large doses, vitamin B12 can cause the development of thrombophlebitis, tachycardia, sleep disturbances, and provoke epileptic seizures and various allergic reactions. There are instructions for using vitamin B12, so you should read it before using it.
Doctors prescribe products containing B12 for chronic hepatitis, liver failure, alcoholism, prolonged fever, psoriasis, dermatitis herpetiformis, peripheral nerve injuries, lateral amyotrophic sclerosis, photodermatosis and for preventive purposes ( stressful state, kidney pathology, diet, celiac disease, Crohn's disease, resection small intestine and parts of the stomach).
Cyanocobalamin is prescribed subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously. Cyanocobalamin should be used with extreme caution in patients with angina pectoris.. Vitamin B12 can also be used with folic acid, which helps improve the absorption of substances by the intestinal walls.
Hypervitaminosis
With prolonged and uncontrolled intake of vitamin B12, heart failure, pulmonary edema, thrombosis, and anaphylactic shock develop. Symptoms of hypervitaminosis B12 are rapid heartbeat, increased nervous excitability, urticaria and heart pain.
Group B among all vitamins is responsible for the majority of transformative and metabolic processes in the body. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the maintenance of the required concentration of these substances and ensure their sufficient intake, both from food and from dietary supplements taken.
Vitamin B12 deficiency
The vitamin in question is the most complex molecular compound that ensures the proper oxidation of proteins and fats and allows the synthesis of amino acids. Moreover, the substance is actively involved in the formation of nerve sheaths, cell division, hematopoiesis, regulation of cholesterol levels and the functioning of liver tissue.
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency affects all body systems:
- slower growth and development of the body;
- violations nervous activity, for example, depression, neuritis, insomnia, convulsions, weakness and;
- memory impairment;
- defeat of internal vascular walls due to the accumulation of homocysteine in bloodstream which leads to myocardial infarction.
As you can see, the substance described is a vital ingredient for health and normal operation internal organs. But this vitamin is found only in products of animal origin, mainly in the heart, kidneys, liver, and seafood. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure its additional intake into the body through medical supplies. Cyanocobalamin is often administered intravenously by injection, but in lately Vitamin B12 appeared in tablets and capsules. It is especially important to pay attention to it for people with difficulty absorbing the substance, suffering from gastritis, pancreatic diseases, stomach or duodenal ulcers, Crohn's disease.
Vitamin B12 preparations
Most biologically active additives and complexes usually contain vitamin B6 and B12 in tablets, as well as other varieties of this group of substances. But, as a rule, their concentration is not sufficient to replenish daily norm, since the amount is significantly less than the body’s needs. That's why modern market medicines of domestic and foreign production offers separately cyanocobalamin or vitamin B12 in tablets:
- Solgar Vitamin B12 (USA);
- Nowfoods B12 (USA);
- Neurovitan (Italy);
- Neurobion (Germany);
- cyanocobalamin and folic acid tablets (Russia).
Let's consider the use of these tools in more detail.
Vitamin B12 tablets - instructions
The drug from Solgar is intended for resorption, as it is very quickly absorbed by the oral mucosa. Each capsule contains 5000 mcg of vitamin B12, as well as stearic acid. The recommended dose is 1 tablet per day to fully provide the body with daily dose substances.
Cyanocobalamin from Nowfoods is also available in a dosage of 5000 mcg, but in addition to vitamin B12, the drug also contains folic acid (B9). This component ensures maximum absorption of cyanocobalamin with a single dose of 1 tablet with meals.
Neurovitan and Neurobion contain a dose of vitamin B12 significantly higher 
The body's daily needs are 240 mg. In addition, they include B1 and B6, which ensure not only the complete absorption of cyanocobalamin, but also the normalization of functioning nervous system And brain activity. It is advisable to use the drugs strictly as prescribed or recommended by the attending physician, and the number of tablets is also determined by a specialist (from 1 to 4 capsules per day).
Russian tablets with folic acid and vitamin B12 are sufficient to take 1 piece per day during or after meals. Concentration necessary substances completely covers the body's needs.
