Urological diseases. Pain when urinating How a UTI will affect your unborn baby

Since urology is a surgical discipline, a urologist primarily deals with surgical treatment of these organs.

Since urology combines several narrower related specializations, a urologist can be a specialist in the field of male urology (andrology), women's urology (urogynecology), pediatric and geriatric (treating elderly patients).

A urologist is a doctor who also treats tuberculosis of the genitourinary system (there is a separate specialty - phthisiourology) and malignant diseases of these organs (oncourology).

Many people consider a urologist to be an exclusively “male” doctor and do not know how a urologist differs from one, since andrology as a separate discipline appeared not so long ago. Until now, a urologist-andrologist is a rather rare specialist for a regular clinic, and men in such clinics are referred to a urologist, a specialist with a broader profile, to restore reproductive and erectile functions.

Male urologist

A male urologist is a specialist who treats:

Inflammation of the bladder (cystitis). Due to the structure of the urethra, cystitis in men is not common, and in most cases this disease is detected in patients after 40 years of age. Inflammatory processes in the bladder in men are associated with infectious diseases of the prostate, testes, urethra and epididymis. Due to the structural features of the male genitourinary system, cystitis is extremely rarely an independent pathology - usually inflammation of the bladder in men develops against the background of prostatitis, vesiculitis and urethritis. The main causative agents of cystitis include fungi of the genus Candida, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as staphylococci, but inflammation can also be caused by mycoplasma, chlamydia, trichomonas and other pathogens.
Urolithiasis is a disease in which stones (phosphates, urates, oxalates, etc.) form in the kidneys, bladder or ureter. In childhood and old age, the urologist more often detects stones in the bladder, and in young people - in the ureters and kidneys. The size and number of stones can vary - from small numerous grains (the so-called “sand”) to single large 10-12-centimeter stones. The disease develops as a result of a minor metabolic disorder, in which insoluble salts are formed, which gradually form into stones. Predisposing factors for the formation of stones are the composition of water and food that increases the acidity of urine, lack of vitamins, the presence of metabolic diseases, chronic gastrointestinal diseases, dehydration, diseases of the genitourinary system, osteoporosis and osteomyelitis.
Inflammation of the urethra (urethritis). With this disease, inflammation of the canal connection of the bladder and the opening at the end of the penis (urethra) is observed. Urethritis can be primary or secondary (results from infection entering the urethra from a source of inflammation located in neighboring organs). Depending on the pathogen, it can be gonorrheal, bacterial, chlamydial, trichomonas and candidiasis. The causative agent of the gonorrheal type of disease is gonococcus, which in most cases is transmitted sexually and occasionally through personal hygiene items. Trichomonas urethritis (the causative agent is Trichomonas) and chlamydial urethritis are transmitted in a similar way. The bacterial type of the disease can occur as a result of endoscopic manipulations, and the rare candidiasis type can be a complication of long-term antibiotic therapy or the result of infection through sexual contact.
Inflammation of the kidneys (nephritis). This group of inflammatory processes in the renal glomeruli, renal tubules or interstitial renal tissue includes pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, interstitial and shunt nephritis. Nephritis can be primary (pathology occurs directly in the kidneys) and secondary (occurs as a result of other diseases). The primary disease can be caused by streptococci, Escherichia coli, Proteus, staphylococci, etc. The secondary disease can occur with autoimmune diseases, allergies, infectious diseases, alcoholism, diabetes, thrombosis, vasculitis, with kidney amyloidosis resulting from a violation of protein-carbohydrate metabolism, cancer diseases and poisonings.

Many patients ask the question - if kidney disease is treated by both, and, what is the difference between these specialists, and who to contact if you suspect kidney disease? There are several differences between these doctors, but the main ones are the treatment methods - a nephrologist treats kidney disease only with conservative methods, and a urologist most often with surgical methods.

The field of activity of a urologist also includes pathologies of the male reproductive system. If the clinic does not have a more specialized specialist in this field (this is a urologist-andrologist), men are referred to a urologist. Below is a short list of problems that a urologist deals with in this area, and what this specialist treats in men:

male infertility;
erectile dysfunction;
prostatitis;
inflammation of the male genital organ;
sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

The treatment of sexually transmitted diseases is also carried out by a more specialized specialist - a urologist, who also has experience in.

Urologist-venereologist

Urologist-oncologist

A urologist-oncologist is a specialist who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of neoplasms of the male reproductive system and urinary system in both sexes.

The areas of activity of a urologist include:

making a diagnosis, which includes studying anamnesis, examining the causes of the formation of atypical cells and conducting tests and research;
selection of a protocol for the treatment of tumors, including medications to reduce pain in patients at the last stage of cancer development;
removal of tumors and oncological therapy;
carrying out immunotherapy after removal of malignant tumors for the recovery and rehabilitation of the patient;
carrying out preventive measures to help prevent the development of cancer.

Female urologist

A female urologist is a doctor who diagnoses and treats diseases of the genitourinary system in women.

Since diseases of the female reproductive system are dealt with in most cases, many do not know when a urologist is needed, what this doctor treats in women.

Primarily, a urologist treats women:

Cystitis, which, due to the peculiarities of its anatomical structure, occurs much more often in women than in men (the wide and short urethra in women contributes to the penetration of infection into the bladder). Cystitis can also be a consequence of pathological processes in the intestines or develop with sinusitis, furunculosis, influenza, tonsillitis (the pathogen in this case enters the bladder with the bloodstream). Since the bladder mucosa is quite resistant to infection, the development of the disease occurs when the immune system is weakened - during hypothermia, exhaustion, overwork, after surgery or serious illness. It is possible to develop cystitis with long-term use of certain medications (urotropine or phenacytin cystitis) and with mechanical injuries to the mucous membrane (urolithiasis).
Urethritis (damage to the urethra), which develops under the influence of a number of external factors (hypothermia, etc.). Can be infectious or non-infectious. Infectious urethritis in women can be specific (develops in the presence of sexually transmitted infections) and nonspecific (purulent inflammation is caused by Escherichia coli, streptococci and staphylococci). Non-infectious urethritis can occur in the presence of urolithiasis due to injury to the mucosa by small stones, with malignant tumors of the urethra, injury to the mucosa during cystoscopy or catheterization, with allergies, gynecological diseases, venous congestion in the pelvic vessels and during first sexual intercourse.
Urolithiasis, which can be asymptomatic or manifest as lower back pain radiating to the genitals.
Renal failure, which is a violation of all kidney functions, resulting in a disorder of water, electrolyte and other types of metabolism. It can be acute (occurs in shock, poisoning, infectious diseases, obstruction of the upper urinary tract or acute kidney disease) and chronic (develops in kidney disease, cardiovascular and collagen diseases, endocrine disorders, etc.).
Pyelonephritis is an inflammatory (mainly bacterial) process of a nonspecific nature that affects the renal tubular system, renal pelvis, calyces and renal parenchyma.
Diseases of the adrenal glands (hyperfunction of the glands, adrenal adenoma, etc.).
Urinary incontinence (stress and urgency). Stress incontinence (stress incontinence) is manifested by involuntary urination during physical effort, coughing, laughing or sneezing. Urinary incontinence is manifested by periodic uncontrollable leakage of urine against the background of a sudden, irresistible urge to urinate.
Overactive bladder (OAB), which is a complex of symptoms including dysfunction of the lower urinary tract (urge incontinence), frequent urination, etc.
Urogenital fistulas, in the presence of which there is involuntary release of urine into the vagina. Natural urination with small fistulas is preserved, but with a large defect, all the urine involuntarily flows out through the fistula.

Female urology (urogynecology) also includes diseases and pathologies of the female genital organs, which are dealt with by a urologist-gynecologist.

Gynecologist-urologist

A gynecologist-urologist treats:

Vaginal dysbiosis (or bacterial vaginosis), which is a disruption of the normal microflora of the vagina. Dysbiosis can develop due to hypothermia, hormonal imbalance (during pregnancy, menopause, etc.), chronic stressful situations, frequent changes of sexual partners, infectious diseases of the pelvic organs, intestinal diseases, etc. Dysbiosis in the initial stage is asymptomatic, only the quantity and nature of the discharge changes, but later an increase in the number of pathogenic bacteria leads to inflammation of the vaginal wall and cervix.
Prolapse (protrusion) of the genitals, which is present in varying degrees of severity in approximately 50% of women. The cause of prolapse can be trauma during childbirth (if the child is large), multiple births, which cause weakening of the supporting connective tissue structures of the pelvis, as well as congenital connective tissue defects observed in women with varicose veins, excessive joint mobility, etc. As a result of the weakness of the connective tissue structures, the pelvic organs cannot be fixed in their natural position and therefore fall into the vaginal lumen. With pelvic floor prolapse, cystocele (hernia-like protrusion of the bottom of the bladder into the vaginal cavity), rectocele (protrusion of the anterior wall of the rectum), enterocele (protrusion of a loop of the small intestine), uteroptosis (prolapse of the uterus) and colpoptosis (prolapse of the vaginal walls) may occur. These disorders are the cause of many urogynecological diseases.

A urologist-gynecologist also treats sexual disorders and sexually transmitted diseases (mycoplasma, genital herpes, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, gardnerellosis, etc.).

Pediatric urologist

A pediatric urologist is a doctor who diagnoses and treats disorders of the genitourinary system in children and adolescents.

Just as with adults, this specialist treats both girls and boys. Reasons to see a doctor may be:

Urinary incontinence (enuresis), which in most cases occurs at night and can be associated with immaturity of the child’s central nervous system, shallow sleep, hypothermia during sleep, night terrors, bladder weakness, polyuria, narrowing of the urethra, cystitis, phimosis and rickets.
Acute urethritis, acute and chronic cystitis, which in most cases are detected in children under 3 years of age. Until the age of two, the infection usually affects all parts of the urinary tract (cystopyelonephritis develops). In girls, these diseases are more common due to the structure of the urethra (the causes of the disease may be stool disorders, vulvovaginitis and diaper dermatitis). In boys, the cause of urethritis and cystitis is phimosis (narrowing of the foreskin).

A pediatric urologist also treats:

Infectious and inflammatory kidney disease (pyelonephritis), which is observed mainly in girls in the first 3-4 years of life. The disease, which is most often caused by coccal flora and Escherichia coli, can be acute or chronic.
Severe infectious-autoimmune kidney disease (glomerulonephritis), which can be primary (congenital disorder of kidney morphology) and secondary (develops after an infectious disease). With glomerulonephritis, the glomeruli of the kidneys are affected, as a result of which the child develops swelling, decreased urine output, blood in the urine, etc. (symptoms depend on the course of the disease).
Urolithiasis, which has recently been increasingly detected in children due to the unsatisfactory quality of food and water, uncontrolled use of medications and other unfavorable factors. The development of urolithiasis in children is provoked by the presence of chronic pyelonephritis and various nephropathies.
Hereditary nephropathies, which include Alport syndrome, tubulopathy, in which the tubular transport of organic substances and electrolytes is disrupted, polycystic disease and hereditary abnormalities of the urinary system.

A pediatric urologist-andrologist treats:

abnormalities in the structure of the penis and foreskin;
newborn hernias;
balanoposthitis;
hydrocele;
cryptorchidism (undescended testicle into the scrotum);
varicocele (is a varicose vein of the spermatic cord).

Congenital malformations of the genital organs in girls, vulvitis and vulvovaginitis are treated by a pediatric urogynecologist.

To treat malformations of the urinary and reproductive system (hypospadias, epispadias, bladder outlet obstruction, bladder exstrophy, varicocele, etc.), a pediatric urologist surgeon is needed.

In what cases should adults consult a urologist?

A consultation with a urologist is necessary if an adult (male or female) has:

painful sensations that occur when urinating;
frequent feeling of fullness of the bladder even with a small amount of accumulated urine;
repeated urinary retention;
cloudiness of urine or change in color not associated with eating certain foods (beets, etc.);
foreign discharge when urinating;
pain localized in the lower abdomen.

If these symptoms are present, patients often try to ask a urologist a question online for free, but even a good urologist will not be able to make an accurate diagnosis without examination and tests.

An appointment with a urologist is also necessary for men if:

frequent urination, which is accompanied by pain, weak pressure and increased body temperature;
burning sensation in the perineum;
pain in the rectum due to bowel movements;
increased fatigue and irritability;
complete or partial decrease in sexual desire;
accelerated, sometimes painful ejaculation;
prolonged erection at night.

All of the above symptoms are signs of prostatitis, but to make an accurate diagnosis the patient needs to make an appointment with a urologist.

Women also need to be examined by a urologist if they have:

itching or pain in the perineum, genitals, groin and lumbar region;
frequent urination at night;
episodic or constant urinary incontinence when coughing, laughing, sneezing, or physical activity;
rashes, erosions or plaque on the genitals.

In what cases is it necessary to contact a urologist with a child?

You should make an appointment with a urologist with your child if:

Signs of cystitis. In infants, they are expressed in anxiety, tearfulness and irritability, which are accompanied by rare or very frequent urination and dark yellow urine. Cystitis in children under one year of age is extremely rarely accompanied by fever. In children after one year, frequent urination may be accompanied by an increase in temperature, the urine becomes cloudy, and the child complains of pain in the lower abdomen or perineum. Urinary incontinence is present.
Phimosis, in which the foreskin is narrowed (it is smaller than the glans penis, so the glans is difficult to open or does not open at all). It is important to remember that until the age of 3, the foreskin is “glued” to the head, and the head should protrude beyond the boundaries of the foreskin by the age of six.
The presence of a red rash at the tip of the genital organ of boys, which is accompanied by pain and swelling, itching and discomfort, difficulty urinating and discharge from under the foreskin (in adolescents the foreskin stops retracting).
Absence of testicles in the scrotum (determined by palpation).
The presence of abnormalities in the structure of the genital organs.
The presence of discharge and other signs of inflammation of the genital organs of girls.

If an appointment with a urologist is not possible in the near future, you can ask a urologist a question on a specialized website, but an online consultation with a urologist will not replace a full examination, so you should not limit yourself to virtual communication with a doctor.

Appointment with a urologist

Both a paid urologist and a doctor in a public clinic conduct appointments according to the same scheme. An appointment with a urologist includes:

studying patient complaints and medical history;
physical examination, including visual examination, palpation, tapping and other methods that allow you to get a general picture of the patient’s condition;
blood tests;
Ultrasound of the urinary system and prostate;
pyeloscopy (an endoscopic method by which the renal pelvis is examined and the necessary manipulations are performed (biopsy, etc.));
examination using a cystoscope (allows you to examine the urethra and bladder and carry out diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations in these organs);
urethroscopy (examination of the urethra using a urethroscope);
CT or MRI to assess the condition of the genitourinary system;
suprapubic catheterization, which allows you to measure the volume of residual urine, solve the problem of urinary retention or incontinence, deliver radiopaque contrast agents or medications directly into the bladder and, if necessary, rinse it;
percutaneous therapeutic and diagnostic puncture of a cyst in the kidney;
bladder or prostate biopsy;
prescription of drug therapy or surgical treatment;
prescription of diet and health-improving regimen.

Before going to an appointment, patients want to know what the urologist is testing and prepare for the examination.

What the urologist looks at depends on the patient’s gender and age.

What a urologist checks in men:

condition of the genital organ;
condition of the scrotum;
condition of the inguinal lymph nodes;
condition of the prostate gland.

Since it is impossible to visually examine the prostate gland, its condition is assessed using digital palpation through the anus.

What a urologist checks in women:

condition of the ureter;
bladder condition;
condition of the genital organs.

Since in medical centers and private clinics examinations and necessary examinations are carried out faster and of better quality, many patients prefer these medical institutions to ordinary public clinics. An appointment with a urologist can be made by telephone or using an electronic form on the website of the selected clinic. On such sites it is possible to consult a urologist online without registration.

In private clinics, there is a home call to a urologist, which can be used if for some reason it is difficult to transport a child or an adult patient to an appointment at the clinic.

Answers to frequently asked questions

Since not every person has visited a urologist in his life, patients very often have questions of a general and specific nature. Common general questions include the following:

Who is a urologist, what does this doctor treat for men? A urologist is a general practitioner who treats diseases of the genitourinary system and retroperitoneal space. In men, the urologist treats cystitis, urethritis, urolithiasis, nephritis, adrenal gland diseases, prostatitis, reproductive disorders, sexual dysfunctions, STIs and cancer of the male genital organs.
What does a urologist look for in men? During the initial examination, the urologist examines the penis, scrotum, inguinal lymph nodes, and assesses the condition of the prostate gland. The condition of the kidneys, bladder and urethra is assessed based on the results of examinations.
Urologist: what does he treat for women if he is considered a male doctor? Despite the differences in the structure of male and female genital organs, both women and men have kidneys and ureters that connect these organs to the bladder. Diseases of the urinary system are dealt with by a urologist, who treats cystitis, urethritis, nephritis and urolithiasis in women. In addition, a urologist also treats genital prolapse, urinary incontinence and sexually transmitted diseases that occur in many women.
What does a urologist look for in women? During the examination, the doctor assesses the condition of the ureter, bladder and genital organs.
How is an appointment with a urologist for women? The examination is carried out on a gynecological chair, but otherwise the appointment is no different from that of men.
What does a urologist look for in children? The doctor evaluates the condition of the genital organs, but the examination is carried out only in the presence of the parents.
Kidney diseases are dealt with by a urologist and a nephrologist; what is the difference between these specialists? A nephrologist treats kidney diseases, while a urologist is a specialist with a broader profile. What is the difference between a nephrologist and a urologist? First of all, in the methods of treatment, since a nephrologist uses conservative treatment methods, while a urologist also uses surgical methods.
What is the difference between a urologist and a venereologist? A venereologist is a specialist who treats only sexually transmitted diseases, and a urologist also treats the consequences of these diseases (cystitis, urethritis, etc.).
An andrologist and a urologist deal with diseases and disorders of the male reproductive system; what is the difference between these doctors? An andrologist treats exclusively the male reproductive system, while a urologist also treats the urinary system in men and the genitourinary system in women.
Pediatric urologist-andrologist: what treats and when should you contact him? This specialist should be contacted for abnormalities in the structure of the penis and foreskin, balanoposthitis, varicocele, hydrocele and cryptorchidism in a child. For preventive purposes, for the timely detection of possible pathologies, it is recommended to visit a pediatric urologist once a year, starting from the first months of the child’s life.
Is there a free telephone consultation with a urologist 24 hours a day? On many clinic websites there is a special form, when filled out and sent, the urologist calls the patient back within a few minutes, but the working hours of clinic specialists must be clarified on specific websites.
Is it possible to have an online consultation with a urologist for free without registration? Yes, many specialized websites and clinic websites offer such a service. Knowing who a urologist is and what this specialist treats, you can select a suitable site for the request “urologist online consultation for free” and write your question to the urologist. It should be remembered that a correspondence consultation cannot replace an initial examination by a specialist.

Urology is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the urogenital tract. Within this section there is a separate direction - female urology . This classification is by no means accidental. The anatomy of the structure of the female genitourinary organs has its own characteristic features, therefore the technique used in treatment differs significantly from the techniques used in male urology. Let us designate the most common urological diseases.

Complaints of frequent urination

The cause of this ailment may be inflammatory processes in the bladder or kidneys. However, in some cases, such symptoms indicate the presence of pregnancy or hormonal changes that accompany the onset of menopause. To establish an accurate diagnosis, the urologist will refer you to the laboratory for tests. By passing them, you will get a complete picture of the course of the disease. A clinical blood test can reveal the presence or absence of inflammation, and will also show whether there are salts in the urine. In the case of a mild form of the disease, uncomplicated by an infectious component, decoctions of medicinal herbs are prescribed. In case of acute form and pronounced pain syndrome, as well as painful cutting sensations when urinating, it is necessary to take a course of antibiotics. Frequent urination is only a symptom and not an independent disease, so its treatment requires high-quality diagnosis and adequate therapy.

Cystitis

These are inflammatory diseases. A woman’s genitourinary organs are in close proximity to the anus, so if the rules of intimate hygiene are not followed, the intestinal flora can end up in unusual places, for example, on the walls of the urethra, causing inflammation of the bladder (cystitis). This disease is well known to all representatives of the fair sex due to the burning sensation and sharp pain that accompanies urination. Unpleasant sensations can bother you not only when visiting the toilet. When inflamed, the bladder is bothered both when it is full and when it is empty. Usually, after consulting a urologist, antiseptics or broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed.

The culprit of cystitis can be not only representatives of opportunistic intestinal flora. Often they are the causative agents of STDs (sexually transmitted diseases). The type of bacteria or virus that causes inflammation can be determined using PCR diagnostics or the ELISA method. In the first case, the presence of DNA of the causative agent of the disease is determined in the blood taken for analysis, and in the second, the taken biomaterial is examined for the presence of specific antibodies.

Pyelonephritis

This disease is characterized by inflammation involving the pelvis and calyces of the kidneys. In this case, the parenchyma, or rather its interstitial tissue, is affected. Among the symptoms accompanying pyelonephritis are:

A sign indicating pyelonephritis is also the presence of a large number of leukocytes and casts in the urine. The cause of the disease, as a rule, is the so-called Pseudomonas aeruginosa enterococci and other gram-negative non-fermentable bacteria. The disease can occur with a change in pathogen. Pathogenic flora takes on multidrug-resistant forms, this is mainly due to the unsystematic use of antibiotics and antiseptics. Basically, pyelonephritis is an independent disease, but sometimes it occurs as a result of other equally dangerous phenomena - urolithiasis and acute renal failure.

Urolithiasis disease

Kidney stones are scientifically called calculi. They arise due to metabolic disorders in the body. According to their composition, stones are divided into:

Urolithiasis is usually accompanied by renal colic - attacks of acute pain radiating to the lumbar region, which can last from twenty minutes to an hour. Also, untidy sensations can be observed in the area of the ureter. Blood may be found in the patient's urine. In this case, they talk about hematuria. Visual examination is not always a reliable way to determine the presence of red blood cells in the urine. Sometimes, blood in the urine can be detected only by resorting to laboratory diagnostics. Also, the urine of a patient suffering from urolithiasis may contain sand.

Urolithiasis does not always have an acute course. Sometimes it develops asymptomatically. Stones, being in the kidneys, do not provoke inflammation and can only be detected using ultrasound diagnostics (ultrasound). That is why it is so important for a woman to undergo an annual preventive examination with a urologist, who, after performing an ultrasound, will determine whether she needs further treatment.

Tumors and other neoplasms in the genitourinary system

Benign tumors of the genitourinary tract belong to the group of neoplasms of both epithelial and non-epithelial nature. Most tumors are located on the inner walls of the bladder. Their presence may be accompanied by frequent, painful urination and hematuria. To confirm the diagnosis, ultrasound diagnostics, cystoscopy and biopsy are mandatory. Treatment is carried out using surgery by resection of the bladder.

Prolapse of pelvic tissue

Prolapse of the bladder, which occurs along with prolapse of the anterior vaginal wall, is called cystocele. This disease is a consequence of relaxation of the genitourinary muscle diaphragm. It mainly affects women who have already given birth. While carrying a baby, the pelvic organs shift from their usual places and after childbirth, they do not always manage to return back. The main complaint of a woman with bladder prolapse is symptoms of urinary disorder:

Treatment consists of restoring and strengthening the pelvic floor, and physical therapy exercises are used as preventive measures. If you follow all the doctor’s recommendations, the likelihood of recovery without surgery is quite high.

Urology is a branch of medicine devoted to the study, as well as the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the genitourinary system of men and the urinary system of women. Within the boundaries of urology, there is a special subsection - female urology.

Due to the anatomical proximity of the organs, the treatment of many urological diseases in women has its own specifics - due to the fact that they affect both the urinary and reproductive systems. That is why female urology appeared - as a field that deals with the problems of the urinary system of women, taking into account the characteristics of their body.

Urology for women

Due to common misconceptions, women very often turn to a gynecologist with problems that, in fact, are dealt with by a female urologist. The result is unsuccessful treatment, complications, progression of the disease to the chronic stage, etc.

As mentioned above, female urology is devoted to the treatment of diseases of the urinary system of women, among which the most common are the following diseases:

urinary disorders (enuresis, overactive bladder);
inflammatory diseases: cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis;
urolithiasis (kidneys, bladder, ureters);
vesicoureteral reflux;
urethrovaginal fistulas;
neoplasm of the urinary system: tumors, cysts, papillomas;
prolapse of pelvic tissue.

When to visit a female urologist

The presence of urological diseases is usually indicated by the following symptoms:

discomfort when urinating;
the urge to urinate when there is no real need;
urinating too often or too rarely;
changed color of urine;
foreign discharge when urinating;
pain in the lower abdomen;
painful sensations during sexual intercourse.

Why is it important to visit a female urologist?

A urologist is often viewed as an exclusively male doctor who helps with a variety of diseases of the genitourinary system, ranging from sexually transmitted infections to tumors of the kidneys, prostate and bladder. Therefore, clinic administrators almost never have additional questions when scheduling a male patient for an appointment with a urologist.

Women traditionally, if they have any complaints in the pelvic area, turn to a gynecologist, who, if necessary, can organize a joint examination with a urological specialist.

Urologists, of course, do not pretend to examine and treat diseases of the vagina, cervix, uterus itself and its appendages. But there are specific diseases that they deal with, both in men and women.

Urological diseases in women include:

Acute and chronic cystitis.
Acute and chronic urethritis.
Pyelonephritis.
Neurogenic overactive bladder syndrome.
Urolithiasis disease.
Tumors of the urinary system.

An examination of a woman by a urologist bears the features of a gynecological and general therapeutic examination.

After collecting complaints and anamnesis, when the time of onset of symptoms is determined, their characteristics, especially the presence of pain in the projection of the kidneys and bladder and changes in urination, the urological examination itself begins:

Based on the totality of data obtained as a result of an examination by a urologist and an ultrasound scan with tests, a urological diagnosis is made and treatment is prescribed. Moreover, when pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases and sexually transmitted infections are detected in the bladder in the urethra or bladder, the woman is no longer treated by a gynecologist, but by a urologist.

The doctor examines the woman’s lumbar region and lower abdomen, taps and palpates these areas, and determines the presence of pain and visible changes.
Next, the patient is placed on a couch or urological chair, where the urologist examines the external genitalia, the urethra, identifies visible changes (pathological discharge, papillomas, ulcers), palpates the urethra and bladder through the vagina and abdominal wall.
At this time, the urologist can collect material from the urethra for PCR diagnostics of STIs, culture for flora and sensitivity to antibiotics.
Sometimes it is necessary to perform urethro- and cystoscopy. That is, with a special device that looks like a tube, they enter the urethra and bladder and, using a video system, examine the mucous membrane of these organs. During the examination, you can take suspicious tissue for examination.

A urological examination is only the first part of a woman’s examination conducted by a urologist. Next, an ultrasound examination of the kidneys, bladder, ureters and laboratory tests of urine, urethral smears and blood are performed.

Doctor of the clinic "Private Practice" dermatovenereologist, urologist Volokhov E.A. talks about visiting a urologist.

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

In case of dysfunction of the genitourinary system, characterized by pain during urination, consultation with a qualified specialist on these problems will be required. A urologist at the Moscow Women's and Men's Health Clinic will conduct a thorough diagnosis and prescribe effective therapy for patients with the following problems:

discomfort, pain, pain when urinating;
urine or semen (for men) has a change in color, the appearance of mucous, purulent or bloody discharge;
frequent trips to the toilet with a constant feeling of an incompletely emptied bladder;
nagging pain in the kidney area;
urinary incontinence.

Inexpensive diagnostics are available for patients of both sexes. A urologist of the highest category who sees patients in our clinic specializes not only in male, but also in female urological and gynecological problems. Establishing an accurate diagnosis will help determine what exactly the disorders are associated with and begin the correct treatment in a timely manner.

For shy patients, the appointment is conducted by a female urologist.

Urology in men

All urological diseases are divided into those that are typical for clients of both sexes and those that occur only in men.

Contact the Moscow Clinical Center of Urology for professional diagnosis and treatment of diseases:

bladder, ureters;
kidneys and adrenal glands;
urethra;
external genitalia;
prostate gland (for men).

A male urologist is waiting for you for a consultation if at least one of the following symptoms recurs repeatedly:

discomfort during urination or ejaculation;
erectile disorders;
change in the color of urine and semen, the appearance of unusual discharge;
nagging pain in the sacrum area.

Men over 40 years of age require a consultation with a urologist annually to prevent and maintain normal functioning of the reproductive organs.

Common urological diseases that occur in both men and women are urethritis, cystitis, urolithiasis and pyelonephritis.

In addition, male patients, regardless of age, may develop:

epididymitis (inflammation of the testicle),
balanoposthitis (inflammation of the glans penis and foreskin);
orchitis (inflammation of testicular tissue);
vesiculitis (inflammation of the seminal vesicles);
hydrocele (watery swelling of the testicles);
varicocele (changes in the veins of the spermatic cord);
prostate adenoma and prostatitis;
impotence and infertility.

This is not a complete list of diseases that the professional urology center successfully treats.

Female urology

Due to the structure of the genital organs, women are more susceptible to diseases of the urinary system. In addition, it is necessary to consult a urologist during pregnancy, since with the beginning of the first trimester changes occur in the pelvic organs and the load on the kidneys increases. All this leads to the risk of developing new or exacerbating existing urological diseases.

The paid urology hospital in Moscow has modern medical equipment for the successful treatment and diagnosis of the most common female diseases:

cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis;
urolithiasis disease;
incontinence, frequent urge;
cysts, growths, congenital anomalies.

Code	Name	Price
03.00	Initial examination by a urologist	1,200 rub.
03.02	Repeated doctor's appointment	900 rub.
03.03	Primary examination by a urologist (candidate of medical sciences)	2,000 rub.
03.04	Repeated appointment with a specialist (Ph.D.)	1,200 rub.
03.60	Primary examination by a doctor (MD)	5,000 rub.
03.61	Repeated appointment with a urologist (MD)	3,000 rub.
03.07	Taking prostate secretions	800 rub.
03.08	Instillation of drugs into the bladder	900 rub.
03.09	Prostate massage	1,000 rub.
	Bladder catheterization (male)	1,500 rub.
03.11	Bladder catheterization (women)	1,000 rub.
03.12	Reduction of paraphimosis	3,000 rub.
03.13	Removal of the head with phimosis	3,500 rub.
03.14	Tracing the glans penis, dividing the synechiae	3,500 rub.
03.15	Blockage of the spermatic cord on both sides	1,500 rub.
03.16	Manipulation with replacement of the Foley catheter	1,500 rub.
	Circumcisio	28,000 rub.
03.18	Plastic surgery of the short frenulum of the penis	13,500 rub.
	Dressing after surgery	1,000 rub.
03.20	Repeated dressing	500 rub.
	Cystoscopy (women)	5,000 rub.
03.22	Cystoscopy (husband)	5,000 rub.
03.23	Cystoscopy + biopsy	7,500 rub.
03.29	Changing cystostomy drainage	1,500 rub.
03.33	Removing a foreign body from the bladder	5,000 rub.
	Ivanisevich operation (supra-inguinal ligation of the testicular vein)	25,000 rub.
	Marmara operation (subinguinal ligation of the testicular vein)	25,000 rub.
03.36	Winkelmann operation	25,000 rub.
03.37	Bergman's operation	25,000 rub.
	TUR biopsy of the bladder	20,000 rub.
	Perineal/transrectal polyfocal prostate biopsy (complexity category 1)	14,000 rub.
	Perineal/transrectal polyfocal biopsy of the prostate gland (complexity category 2)	18,000 rub.
03.45	Perineal/transrectal polyfocal biopsy of the prostate gland (difficulty category 3)	20,500 rub.
	Hydrodistension of the bladder	8,000 rub.
03.47	Urethral transposition	50,000 rub.
03.48	Visit of a urologist to your home within the Moscow Ring Road (includes examination and consultation)	3,500 rub.
	Visit of a urologist to your home outside the Moscow Ring Road up to 5 km (includes examination and consultation)	5,000 rub.
03.50	Sphincter placement (men)	75,500 rub.
	Transurethral removal of condylomas of the bladder/urethra (difficulty category 1)	15,000 rub.
	Transurethral removal of condylomas of the bladder/urethra (difficulty category 2)	20,000 rub.
03.55	Program “Preparation for IVF for men”	RUB 19,420
03.60	Visit of a urologist to your home in Moscow (within the Moscow Ring Road)	3,500 rub.
	A urologist will visit your home up to 10 km from the Moscow Ring Road	5,000 rub.
03.62	A urologist will visit your home from 10 km to 20 km from the Moscow Ring Road	6,500 rub.

The Center for Modern Urology offers patients to undergo inexpensive diagnostics, as well as receive full consultation and specialist recommendations regarding treatment.
Methods of diagnosis and treatment Visit the personal website of a urologist for more detailed information about symptoms and treatment of diseases. Ask any questions you may have and, if necessary, make an appointment.

Laboratory diagnostics consists of:

general and biochemical blood tests;
urine analysis.

Instrumental diagnostics (to make a more accurate diagnosis):

puncture biopsy of the kidney or prostate gland (if necessary, tissue examination);
cystomanometry (determining the condition and functionality of the muscular wall of the bladder);
bougienage of the urethra (clarification of the location of the stone);
uroflowmetry (for urination disorders and incontinence);
catheterization (insertion of a catheter to collect urine from the bladder).

With the help of endoscopic diagnostics, examination of the internal surface of the organ and simple operations are carried out. Depending on the disease, private urology uses a urethroscope, cystoscope, chromocystoscope or pyeloscope.

X-ray diagnostic methods include survey radiography to obtain a picture of the general condition of the urinary system, and then more specialized studies of the diseased organ using excretory urography.

Ultrasonography- the most effective and painless examination method for assessing the condition of organs and the vessels leading to them. Urologist services include: ultrasound of the prostate, ureters, identification of anomalies and pathologies in the development of the pelvic organs.

After making an accurate diagnosis, the urologist prescribes treatment. This may be conservative therapy - the prescription of appropriate medications. It all depends on the nature of the disease and the expected results. The drugs can be very different, including combinations of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, absorbable and hormonal drugs.

Surgical intervention is indicated if necessary to remove cysts, neoplasms or stones from the urinary tract, and to stop the development of inflammatory and purulent processes. Operations are performed using endoscopic equipment through the urethra, abdominal wall or from the lumbar side. The cost of urologist services depends on many factors. You can find out more by dialing the doctor's phone number.

Urology for kidney diseases

When diagnosing diseases of the kidneys or adrenal glands, treatment can be carried out by a urologist or a nephrologist specializing in these pathologies at a medical center. An appointment in Moscow is made through the website of the urology clinic for the following symptoms:

discomfort when urinating;
paroxysmal shooting pain in the lumbar region (renal colic);
persistent swelling;
frequent urge to urinate.

The qualifications of a urologist also allow you to diagnose and prescribe therapy for kidney diseases.

Urology and traditional medicine

For infectious inflammation of the urinary tract, in addition to the prescribed drug treatment, it is useful to drink cranberry juice and tea with the addition of herbs (echinacea, bearberry, nettle).

For prostatitis and prostate adenoma, you should eat baked onions, raw pumpkin seeds, and propolis extract.

For cystitis and urethritis, warming compresses on the lower abdomen made from baked or boiled potatoes in their skins will help. You should also drink natural almond milk throughout the day.

How is the initial examination by a urologist performed?

In our center, an initial examination by a urologist will allow us to draw conclusions about the course of the disease based on tests and interviews with the patient. It is advisable to first take a urine test, since a specialist will still refer you for laboratory diagnostics, and ready-made tests will help you quickly make the correct diagnosis.

Do I need to prepare for the appointment?

For women, the procedure for visiting a urologist is similar to visiting a gynecologist. The examination is carried out on a gynecological chair. To avoid misdiagnosis, it is recommended not to have sexual intercourse the day before visiting the doctor. Carry out hygienic procedures without using antiseptics (furacilin, chlorhexidine), and do not douche.

Men should abstain from sexual intercourse two days before the appointment. In addition, if a specialist will conduct a rectal examination of the prostate gland, it is advisable to cleanse the rectum with an enema or take a laxative. If an erection occurs during rectal palpation, this is normal. It's worse if she doesn't exist.

What questions might a urologist ask?

For an accurate diagnosis, the doctor must conduct a detailed survey of the patient for symptoms. So, do your research ahead of time and be prepared to answer the following questions.

When did symptoms first appear?
In what area does the discomfort occur, and what is its nature (pulling, burning, stinging, feeling of fullness, etc.)?
How many times a day do you go to the toilet to relieve yourself?
What do you eat and how much fluid do you drink during the day?
What is your blood pressure?
Do you have any relatives with chronic diseases of the genitourinary system?
What medications do you take (it is recommended to make a list in advance)?

FAQ

Who is a urologist?

(Uro- + Greek logos doctrine, science) is a medical specialist trained in the diagnosis, treatment (including surgery) and prevention of diseases of the urinary system, and in men, the genital organs. A urologist treats diseases of the urinary system in men and women, and the reproductive system in men.

What are the main indications for visiting a urologist?

> pain, pain and other disturbances when urinating; lower back pain, swelling, urinary incontinence;
> problems in sexual relationships, decreased libido - in men;
> papillomas, condylomas and other formations in the genitourinary organs;
> sexually transmitted diseases or infections that were discovered in the partner during examination by a gynecologist.

What is the competence of a urologist?

The urologist's competence includes treatment of the genitourinary system, kidneys, bladder, ureter and urethra, external genitalia and prostate gland. If you have pain in the groin, you begin to urinate frequently, and if you also experience pain when urinating, do not delay visiting a urologist. You should not self-medicate, as it can often lead to irreparable consequences, such as, for example, infertility.

What diseases does a urologist treat?

The most common disease is urolithiasis, that is, stones or sand in the kidneys. Pyelonephritis is another disease treated by urologists. Cystitis, or inflammation of the bladder, manifests itself in painful urination. When self-medicated, cystitis can develop into a chronic form, in which urinary incontinence, chronic pain in the pelvic area and other unpleasant and even dangerous phenomena are observed. Therefore, it is very important to consult a urologist in time for the correct treatment.

What organs does a urologist deal with?

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, prostate, urethra, testicles, penis, epididymis.

When should you contact a urologist?

Pain in the genitourinary organs: If you feel pain in the kidney area, this is most likely a sign of kidney disease.