A one-year-old child started bleeding from his nose. Diet for bleeding

Nosebleeds in children always frighten both parents and the children themselves. So, nosebleeds can be the result of a simple wound on the nasal mucosa, or indicate more serious health problems.

What happened to the child, what is the cause of the bleeding, how to help? Many are lost, not knowing what to do or how to provide first aid. To behave correctly in such a situation, read this article.

Types of nosebleeds

There are two types of nosebleeds: anterior and posterior. The first type (anterior) is the most common and accounts for about 90% of all nosebleeds. It is characterized by a calm flow of blood when the vessels in the front of the nose are damaged. The second type (posterior) is much less common - in 10% of all cases. Such bleeding occurs due to damage to larger and deeper vessels, while blood intensively flows down the back wall of the pharynx. It is more difficult to stop, it is more abundant, and therefore it is advisable to urgently seek qualified medical help without trying to cope with it yourself.

Not far from the nasal entrance, in the anterior section of the nasal septum, there is a small Kisselbach area (the size of a penny coin). It is rich in blood vessels, its mucosa is looser and thinner than in other areas. Therefore, it is very easy to disrupt the membrane and cause nosebleeds in this particular area of the vascular plexus. This is what happens in most cases.

Causes of nosebleeds

Most often, nosebleeds in children occur for local reasons - as a result of injury to a blood vessel or an abnormality in its development.

The direct cause of any bleeding is the same - rupture of a blood vessel. But what triggered it needs to be figured out immediately as soon as first aid is provided to the child.

Common causes can occur under various conditions:

Fragility of vascular walls, when vessels are easily damaged as a result of the slightest tension in them:

infectious diseases occurring against a background of high temperature (measles, rubella, whooping cough, meningococcal, etc.);
vasculitis (non-infectious inflammation of the walls of blood vessels);
Osler-Rendu-Weber disease (hereditary pathology, a type of hemorrhagic diathesis, characterized by underdevelopment of the walls of blood vessels);
lack of vitamins, especially ascorbic acid and vitamin K, as well as calcium.

An increase in blood pressure at which the capillary wall ruptures:

physical and emotional overload;
adrenal tumors;
emphysema and pneumosclerosis;
chronic kidney diseases - glomerulonephritis and;
aortic and mitral stenosis ();
some other congenital heart defects;

Blood diseases:

disorders in the mechanism of blood clotting, for example, with hemophilia, coagulopathies, hemorrhagic diathesis;
leukemia or aplastic anemia;
Werlhof's disease (thrombocytopenic purpura) – decreased number of platelets in the blood;
and other chronic diseases that affect blood clotting;
agranulocytosis (decreased number or complete absence of leukocytes in the blood).

Other reasons:

migraines and nervous disorders;
severe coughing and sneezing (contribute to a sharp increase in pressure in the vessels of the nose, which can cause them to burst);
systemic lupus erythematosus (a hereditary disease resulting from);
changes in hormonal levels during adolescence in girls, during which there is an increased production of the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone;
dry air in the room, when the nasal mucosa dries out, atrophies, and the vessels become brittle;
sunstroke or heatstroke (they are usually accompanied by tinnitus, weakness and dizziness);
frequent tamponade of the nasal cavity, as a result of which atrophy of the mucous membrane develops, and as a result, bleeding begins;
taking certain medications - vasoconstrictor nasal drops, antihistamines, corticosteroids, Heparin, Aspirin.

Rare causes of nosebleeds in children include:

exposure to radiation;
chemical, thermal and electrical burns of the nasal mucosa;
chronic intoxication of the body with harmful vapors and gases contained in aerosols and various chemicals;
changes in barometric pressure, for example, during mountaineering or swimming at depth.

Sometimes bleeding from the esophagus, stomach and lungs, when blood flows through the nose and mouth, is mistaken for nosebleeds.

Symptoms

Nosebleeds practically do not require diagnosis, in contrast to the reasons that caused it.

In addition to the signs of the underlying disease, several symptoms can be identified:

pure scarlet blood flowing from the nose;
ringing or noise in the ears;
dizziness;
flickering of flies before the eyes;
shortness of breath, rapid breathing;
heartbeat;
discomfort in the nose;
headache;
thirst;
general weakness.

Bleeding from the back of the nose may cause hemoptysis and vomiting of blood.

Typically, nosebleeds are one-sided, but in severe cases, blood can fill the entire nostril and move into the other nostril. In this case, it will flow from both nostrils, even if the vessel is damaged on only one side.

Diagnostics

Only a pediatric ENT doctor can determine the type of bleeding using rhinoscopy and pharyngoscopy. After the bleeding has stopped, you should begin to search for the causes, that is, thoroughly examine the child:

take blood tests;
consult a pediatrician and pediatric specialists (hematologist, endocrinologist, cardiologist, immunologist, oncologist).

Complications

With heavy nosebleeds, hemorrhagic shock may develop:

a sharp decrease in blood pressure as a result of large blood loss;
confusion or loss of consciousness;
tachycardia;
pronounced pallor of the skin;
weak thready pulse.

To objectively assess the child’s condition after blood loss, it is necessary to do a general blood test and a coagulogram.

Frequently recurring nosebleeds can lead to serious consequences:

general exhaustion of the body;
development of anemia;
decreased immunity.

Chronic oxygen starvation in the case of nosebleeds leads to disruption of the functioning of various organs, as well as to the development of irreversible pathological changes in their structure.

If such health problems are ignored, death can occur.

Helping a child with nosebleeds

Do not tilt the child's head back. Against! It is necessary to slightly tilt his body forward and firmly press the wings of the nose to the nasal septum with your fingers.

Anterior nosebleeds stop almost immediately and almost on their own. But still some manipulations are required:

calm the child down, sit him on a chair, and pick up the little ones;
unbutton clothes, try to let the child inhale through the nose and exhale through the mouth;
feet should be warm;
tilt your head slightly forward and pinch your nostrils with your fingers;
throw back your head, but be sure to put cold on the bridge of your nose and insert a tampon into your nose;
put cold on the back of your head;
make a small swab from cotton wool or a bandage, moisten it in a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide or in vasoconstrictor drops and insert it into the nostril;
if there is no hydrogen peroxide, drip vasoconstrictor drops into the nose - Galazolin, Naphthyzin, Rinazolin or 0.1% adrenaline solution;
if the bleeding continues, then after 10-15 minutes you need to call an ambulance.

As soon as the bleeding stops, the tampon should not be pulled out abruptly: this can damage the blood clot, and the blood will start flowing again. It is best to moisten it with hydrogen peroxide and then remove it.

Then, twice a day, lubricate the nasal mucosa with Vaseline (or Neomycin, Bacitracin ointment) to prevent it from drying out again and to promote better healing, which can last from 1 to 5 weeks.

If the air in the apartment is dry, especially during the heating season, it is recommended for the child to instill sea water-based products - Salin or Aquamaris - into the nose.

After stopping the bleeding, the child must be shown to an ENT doctor to prevent recurrences. He will examine the baby, if necessary, he will cauterize the bleeding area, and if necessary, he will send him for a full examination to find out the reasons.

If there is bleeding, you should not:

blow your nose, this will dislodge the clot that forms, and the blood will flow again;
throw your head back, as blood will flow down the back wall of the throat, enter the stomach or block the airways; in the first case, vomiting may occur, and in the second, suffocation;
if the cause of bleeding is a foreign body, you cannot remove it yourself, as it can become dislodged and cause suffocation.

Indications for calling an ambulance:

bleeding does not stop within 15-20 minutes;
there has been a head injury, after which blood comes from the nose along with a clear liquid (suspicion of a fracture of the base of the skull);
intense bleeding, blood flows out in a stream, a clot does not form;
there is hemoptysis (posterior bleeding) or vomiting of blood (bleeding from the esophagus);
foamy blood (pulmonary hemorrhage);
in addition to bleeding, vomit the color of coffee grounds occurs, which indicates gastric bleeding;
a child (adolescent) often has high blood pressure;
a child whose nose is bleeding suffers from diabetes;
the baby fainted;
a small patient receives drugs that reduce blood clotting - Aspirin, Indomethacin, Ibuprofen, Heparin, etc.;
the child has hemophilia or other diseases affecting the blood clotting mechanism.

Medical assistance

To stop intense nosebleeds, an ENT doctor can take the following measures:

anterior or posterior tamponade impregnated with a 1% solution of feracryl, preserved amnion, epsilon-aminocaproic acid;
remove a foreign body or polyps if they appear and cause nosebleeds;
insertion of a tampon with trichloroacetic acid or vagotil, which cauterizes the vessels, thus stopping the bleeding;
coagulation (cauterization) of the bleeding area of the mucosa using one of the following methods: laser, ultrasound, electric current, liquid nitrogen, silver nitrate, chromic acid;
use of a hemostatic sponge in the nasal cavity;
in case of heavy blood loss - transfusion of donor blood, fresh frozen plasma, intravenous administration of rheopolyglucin, hemodez and aminocaproic acid;
if the measures taken are ineffective, surgical intervention is indicated - ligation or embolization (blockage) of large vessels that supply blood to the problem area of the nasal mucosa;
endoscopic cryodestruction;
administration of sclerosing drugs, oil solution of vitamin A;
oral administration of drugs that increase blood clotting - calcium chloride, Vikasol, ascorbic acid, calcium gluconate.

In case of intense bleeding or massive blood loss, the child must be hospitalized in the ENT department.

Bleeding from the nose is one of the first phenomena among spontaneous blood loss. Moreover, it appears suddenly, frightening both parents and children themselves. Why in a child? This is most likely due to a violation of the integrity of the vascular wall or poor blood clotting. In addition, bleeding can be spontaneous or due to injury.

Local reasons

Bleeding from the nose is divided into local and general. In the first case, when there is blood, this is due to damage to the nasal septum. It has choroid plexuses located close to the surface, which are easily injured. Here the reasons can be different, for example, the habit of picking at something that has fallen into the cavity and causing bleeding, a fracture. Moreover, small children can stick something up their nose and forget about it. In addition, the baby will simply be afraid to tell his parents about his trick. As a result, blood with purulent discharge begins to flow from the nose. In such a situation, you should immediately consult a doctor to remove the object.

Common reasons

The causes of bleeding from the nose are, for example, various malignant and benign tumors of the nose. The situation may also arise due to a deviated septum, but in this case, difficult nasal breathing will be observed. Sometimes it happens that a baby has an abnormal structure of the vascular system, so blood may bleed during a cold. In addition, it is important for the child to have fresh and humidified air in the room. After all, a child’s nose often bleeds simply due to dry air. As a result, the mucous membrane of the septum dries out, merging with the vascular system. Therefore, its elasticity and strength are lost. This means that when you sneeze or blow your nose, the mucous membrane cracks, after which the vessel bursts and blood flows.

Blood clotting

Often nosebleeds can occur due to a disease such as poor clotting. Here the vessels have increased permeability, so any infection like flu, colds or acute respiratory infections already causes heavy bleeding. Also included in this category are hereditary diseases that are characterized by a disturbance in the structure of the vascular system of the wall. In addition, inflammation can also cause nosebleeds. Blood pressure rises, which is accompanied by bleeding. Kidney disease, sunstroke and overheating can also be causes.

During sleep

All of a sudden, your nose may bleed while you sleep. Moreover, such blood loss can be one-sided or from each nostril. There are also differences in time and intensity. Sometimes blood clots appear in small quantities, and then everything stops. In other cases, blood flows in a stream for quite a long time, and in this case it can be difficult to stop the bleeding. The main thing is to understand that nosebleeds are not only a sign of injury, but also a possible disease. Therefore, if a child has a problem in the morning, you need to see a doctor. The specialist is obliged to prescribe an examination, examine the nasal cavity, and send for radiography to study the paranasal sinuses.

Stopping blood from local bleeding

If bleeding occurs due to the proximity of blood vessels to the surface of the nasal septum, a specialist may prescribe cauterization. This can be done in different ways: electricity, laser or liquid nitrogen. Typically, the indication for this is a constant repetition several times a week (and when attempts to stop the bleeding are unsuccessful), as well as exhaustion of the child’s body or the appearance of anemia.

General examination

When there is blood, the reasons may be of a general nature. Here a full examination is already scheduled. The list includes blood tests, consultations with other specialists, hematologist, pediatrician, surgeon, for example. With chronic bleeding, the body is depleted, which subsequently forms anemia. Further, the immune system suffers, as a result of which resistance to disease decreases. Moreover, if oxygen starvation occurs, pathology appears, and many structural changes become irreversible. Bleeding can also be acute, in which the condition sharply worsens, leading to loss of consciousness.

Help with nosebleeds

There are many reasons why a child has a nosebleed. The main thing when bleeding occurs is to be able to stop the bleeding correctly. After that, it’s time to figure out the cause.

1. The child must first be calmed down. After all, at the sight of blood, the baby experiences stress, and as a result, blood pressure rises. Of course, this only increases blood loss. Therefore, you need to be able to convince the child and everyone around you that everything is okay. There is no danger, and the bleeding will stop soon.

2. The child must be brought to an upright position. After this, lean forward a little so that the remaining blood in the nose drains out completely. This will also allow you to see which half the blood is actually coming from. Moreover, you need to act in a similar way when it comes to the youngest children. Here the baby needs to be picked up and gently tilted forward. It is worth noting that throwing your head back is a mistaken action. This is because blood can get into the throat. This leads to the child choking. After this, coughing with vomiting and increased bleeding begins.

3. Many people don’t know from the nose. Blood pressure rises, so there is not enough fresh air. You need to unbutton your clothes, and then ask the child to breathe, inhaling through the nose and exhaling through the mouth. Then put a handkerchief moistened with cold water on the nose area. In this case, be sure to wrap your feet in a warm blanket, which will promote blood circulation in the nose area and stop its flow.

4. It is known that the causes of bleeding from the nose are a weak choroid plexus located close to the septum. That is why sometimes it is enough to squeeze the wing of the nose in this place with your hand to stop the bleeding. If this method does not help, you can insert a tampon made of sterile gauze into the child’s nasal passage. The main thing is to pre-moisten it with a solution of hydrogen peroxide. In addition, you can use other vasoconstrictors, such as Naphthyzin, Otrivin or Tizin.

5. The reason why a child’s nose bleeds may be a foreign body. You can't get it out yourself. Indeed, if the circumstances are unfortunate, it will get into the respiratory tract, causing suffocation. Therefore, only a specialist should be involved in its extraction. In addition, it is important at such a moment to calm the child down and try to help him as quickly as possible.

6. When a baby has headaches and blood starts flowing from the nose, this is a serious reason to also consult a doctor. Here it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination to establish the exact cause of the child’s poor health. If the bleeding is not heavy, the above measures will be sufficient. When providing assistance, you should monitor the pulse, degree of consciousness, and general condition of the child. After stopping, it is worth limiting physical activity in the coming days. In addition, you can lubricate your sinuses with petroleum jelly using cotton swabs. This will protect the mucous membrane from drying out.

Indications for hospitalization

You should try to stop a nosebleed on your own within the first twenty minutes. If no measures taken help, the bleeding does not stop or starts flowing again, this requires medical intervention. Therefore, the child must be urgently taken to a medical facility to receive first aid. Moreover, calling an ambulance will allow you to perform certain actions to stop the bleeding on the way to the hospital. It is worth noting that children with bleeding disorders, kidney disease, who are unconscious or after an injury should be immediately hospitalized.

Treatment

When a child is admitted to the hospital, certain measures are already taken to stop the bleeding. First, they find out why the child is bleeding from the nose. If bleeding occurs through the nostrils, and the source is in the anterior parts of the nasal cavity, then the diagnosis is not difficult to establish. Here they use, as mentioned above, cauterization with laser, electricity and nitrogen.

In the case when blood flows down the posterior parts of the nasopharynx and is then swallowed, bloody vomiting occurs. This is the first sign of nosebleeds, which is more difficult to detect. If there is a large loss of blood, gauze swabs are installed. In addition, hemostatic drugs are used.

Heavy bleeding

If large blood loss occurs, which can lead to death, a blood infusion is performed. In especially severe cases, donor blood is used. Also, to stop nosebleeds, they may resort to surgery. Here, ligation or blockage of large vessels is performed, which provide blood supply to the damaged area. At the same time, the reasons that led to such consequences begin to be clarified. This is because nosebleeds are often just a symptom of a certain disease. A diagnosis made on time, as well as timely treatment, will help prevent unfavorable moments. As a result, this will eliminate permanent or temporary nosebleeds, as well as save the life of your child. Therefore, you should not delay contacting a specialist, and if your baby is suffering from a nosebleed, you need to take urgent measures before you have to call an ambulance to urgently save him.

Many parents have experienced nosebleeds in their children, but not everyone knows why the nose often bleeds in childhood, as well as how to properly deal with such a problem. Let's find out the opinion of Dr. Komarovsky and his advice for parents with nosebleeds in children.

Causes

A well-known pediatrician cites the anatomical features of the structure of the nasal mucosa as the main reason for frequent bleeding in children.

According to a popular doctor, due to dry air, the mucus in the child’s nose dries out and forms crusts, and when the child picks them off, bleeding begins.

In this case, Komarovsky emphasizes, we're talking about about bleeding not caused by injury (fall, blow), when the cause of bleeding from the baby’s nose is obvious. Excessively dry air causes bleeding that appears suddenly, for no apparent reason.

Increased production of mucus in a child’s nose is caused by a viral infection, exposure to an allergen or bacteria, and drying out of the mucus can be caused not only by dry air in the room, but also by taking certain medications (vasoconstrictors, anti-inflammatory, antihistamines and others), a prolonged increase in body temperature, inhalation of contaminated air.

The bleeding itself can begin not only when picking the nose, but also when sneezing, while walking, inhaling or during sleep - in all cases when the pressure on the nasal septum increases.

However, the cause of nosebleeds in a child can be much more serious, however, as Komarovsky notes, problems with blood clotting, liver, blood pressure and other serious illnesses will never manifest themselves only as nosebleeds. If your baby has any such disease, he will also have other symptoms, such as skin rashes, frequent bruises, headaches or dizziness.

Urgent Care

When a child has a nosebleed, Komarovsky recommends doing the following:

Have your baby sit with his body tilted forward. The baby's head should be straight or slightly tilted forward.
The child's nostrils should be squeezed with your fingers and held for about 10 minutes. The mother or the child himself can squeeze his nose. While waiting, the child should breathe through his mouth.

According to a popular doctor, the speed at which blood flow stops is primarily affected by the diameter of the damaged vessel. Also, the duration of bleeding will be determined by the state of the blood coagulation system and the use of certain medications. In most cases, ten minutes will be enough for normal nosebleeds to stop.

To speed up the stop of bleeding, a popular doctor recommends cold, but only if the child can pinch his nose on his own (while the mother runs to the kitchen for something cold). Komarovsky advises using ice by applying it to the bridge of the nose. You can also give your child ice cream or a cold drink through a straw, as the cold in the mouth can also help stop nosebleeds more quickly.

In addition, so that 10 minutes of waiting until the blood stops flowing does not become too long for the child, parents can do something to entertain the child, for example, turn on a cartoon for the child, read to the child, or tell him a story.

A well-known pediatrician calls the main mistakes parents make when helping a child with a nosebleed:

Throwing the child's head back. With this action, the blood will drain into the pharynx, so it will be difficult to understand how severe the vascular damage is, when the bleeding has stopped, and whether it has stopped at all. In addition, dripping blood can provoke a gag reflex.
Insertion of cotton swabs into the nasal passages. After removing the cotton wool from the nose, the crust formed at the site of damage to the blood vessels is removed, which causes re-bleeding.
Putting the child to bed. Komarovsky focuses the attention of parents on the fact that a child with nosebleeds should not be in a horizontal position.
Release the baby's nostrils early, checking to see if blood is still flowing. This will only prevent the bleeding from stopping.

Also, during bleeding, a child should not:

Blow your nose.
Cough.
Talk.
Swallow blood.
Move actively.

If 10 minutes have passed, the mother has released her nostrils, and the bleeding still continues, all steps should be repeated for another 10 minutes. If after twenty minutes from the start of the nosebleed it has not stopped, the child should be shown to a doctor.

Komarovsky also advises not to hesitate to seek medical help if:

The child discharges blood from both nostrils at once.
The child also developed bleeding from another part of the body, for example, from the ear.
Nosebleeds recur very often.

In the video below, the doctor gives detailed recommendations for helping with nosebleeds in a child, and also talks about common mistakes parents make in such situations.

A child's nose may bleed suddenly. Nosebleeds may recur regularly, with varying intensity, with or without other symptoms. It is important to identify the cause of bleeding, be able to provide emergency assistance and, if necessary, consult a doctor in a timely manner.

The nasal mucosa is penetrated by a network of thin blood vessels. Why are there so many of them in the nose? They provide good blood supply, which allows the inhaled air to be warmed. In addition, saturation of tissues with blood helps to moisturize the mucous membrane and creates an unfavorable environment for the development of viruses, bacteria, and microbes. In children, the blood vessels in the nose are even thinner and are often damaged. Therefore, nosebleeds in children are more common and local in nature.

Two types of nosebleeds

It is important to understand what type of bleeding your child is experiencing. By what signs can it be identified before providing medical assistance?

From the anterior sections of the nose. In most cases, children experience this type of bleeding. Just a vessel on the septum burst and blood began to flow. In the lower part of the nasal septum there are many branched vessels (in medicine this area is called the Kisselbach plexus), they are close to the surface. The main sign of such bleeding is blood flowing from one nostril.
From the posterior and upper parts of the nose. This type is less common, but much more serious because large arteries are damaged and you can lose a lot of blood. The causes of nosebleeds in children in this case can be different: high blood pressure, a burst vessel, foreign body ingestion, severe injury, liver, stomach, heart, lung diseases, poor blood clotting. The main symptom: blood flows profusely from both nostrils.

Other Possible Causes

Nosebleeds are a symptom of many diseases. Some of them can only be identified after a series of examinations.

Viral infections: influenza, ARVI, measles, whooping cough, rubella. Viruses release toxins that loosen the walls of blood vessels in the nose.
Allergic diseases. Allergic rhinitis can lead to dryness and swelling of the nasal mucosa.
Deformation of the structure of the nose. The most common cause is a deviated nasal septum.
Hereditary and acquired diseases of the circulatory system. These include hemophilia, lupus, vasculitis, leukemia, anemia and others.
Tumors in the nasal cavity. Benign formations include polyps, papillomas, and angiomas.
Vegetovascular dystonia and intracranial pressure. Pressure surges can lead to rupture of blood vessels in the nose.
Hormonal background in girls during the establishment of the menstrual cycle. In medicine, this phenomenon is called “replacement bleeding.” In girls, blood rushes not only to the genitals, but also to the tissues in the nose. After normalization of the menstrual cycle, nosebleeds do not resume.
Overwork and heavy physical exertion. Stress, stress at school, and worries can trigger bleeding.
Overheating in the sun. As a result of heat and sunstroke, a child may bleed from the nose.

Often, nosebleeds in children occur suddenly at night. Why is this happening? Firstly, blood pressure rises at night, which can cause a vessel in the nose to burst. Secondly, during sleep the mucous membrane dries out greatly (add to this the dry and warm air in the room during the heating season), which leads to bleeding from the anterior part of the nose.

Preventive measures

Prevention of nosebleeds consists of simple rules, which, unfortunately, are not always followed.

And don't let children pick their noses. This should be done not only for aesthetic reasons, but also from a health safety point of view.

Emergency care: 3 common mistakes

When providing emergency care, adults often make the same mistakes. That's why it's so important to know what not to do when you have nosebleeds.

You can't throw your head back. This causes blood to flow down the back of the throat. First, the child may swallow it, which will lead to nausea and vomiting. Secondly, it will not be visible whether the bleeding has stopped or not. Thirdly, its intensity will be unknown.
There is no need to take a lying, reclining or sitting position, leaning back. They help ensure that blood flows not from the nostrils, but along the back wall of the throat.
Do not put cotton swabs in your nose. The cotton wool is saturated with blood, the latter coagulates and dries to the delicate mucous membrane. If you remove the tampons after some time, you can injure the mucous membrane and provoke bleeding again.

First aid for a child with nosebleeds.

Emergency care: 7 important rules

How to properly help a child?

When bleeding, you should not talk, stand up, twitch, scream, cry, blow your nose or cough. If the child is an adult, you can negotiate with him. If this is a baby, he needs to be distracted somehow: show cartoons, play music, read a book, etc.

When do you need a doctor?

It is important not to panic if you cannot stop a nosebleed at home. In what cases should you call a doctor or go to the hospital yourself?

If 20 minutes have passed and the bleeding has not been stopped by squeezing the wings of the nose.
If blood flows profusely from both nostrils.
If bleeding recurs over several days.
If there is bleeding from other places: ears, mouth, eyes, genital tract.
If the child shows signs of loss of consciousness: pallor, dizziness, weak and rapid pulse, cold sweat.

When providing emergency care, the doctor performs anterior or posterior nasal tamponade. A hemostatic agent is applied to the tampons. If necessary, the doctor will recommend hospitalization of the patient.

What is the examination?

If nosebleeds recur frequently, the child should definitely be seen by a doctor. How is the diagnosis done?

Examination of the nasal cavity by an otolaryngologist. If the doctor finds dilated vessels formed by erosion after dry rhinitis, then the problem is most likely in the anterior part of the nasal cavity.
Clinical blood test. It will show the level of platelets and make it possible to determine blood clotting.
Coagulogram.
This is the name of an extended blood clotting test. Ultrasound of the nasal cavity.

To identify tumors of various natures.

Examination does not always reveal the cause of bleeding. If the otolaryngologist does not see any problems in the nose, you need to contact other specialists. You will need to consult an immunologist, surgeon, neurologist, hematologist, endocrinologist, cardiologist. They will order additional examinations.

What is the treatment

Incorrect diagnosis leads to incorrect treatment. It is important to find a good specialist. Cauterization of blood vessels.
If there is frequent bleeding from the anterior part of the nose, the otolaryngologist may prescribe cauterization, most often with a solution of silver nitrate. Modern methods of cauterization with laser, liquid nitrogen, and electricity are also used. Surgical intervention.
In rare cases, with large and frequent blood losses, surgery is indicated when large arteries and vessels are ligated. Hidden disease.

If nosebleeds are just an additional symptom, that is, the problem is not in the nose, then you need to treat the disease itself, and not stop the bleeding every time.

Why does my child have nosebleeds? Sometimes the answer to this question cannot be found immediately. Nosebleeds may not be such a harmless symptom. Additional examinations are required to identify the true cause and begin treatment.

When I woke up this morning, I went to make my baby’s bed as usual. On the white pillow, several dark brown spots were clearly visible. And on the child’s face there were barely noticeable traces of blood coming from his nose. The kid himself, as if nothing had happened, was enthusiastically drawing, sitting at his table. I decided not to distract him with my questions and went to prepare breakfast, but the thought of why the child was bleeding from the nose did not give me peace.

Despite the concern of parents, the phenomenon of a child bleeding from the nose is far from uncommon, and there is no point in raising a panic because of this. But it is not advisable to leave this problem without attention. If bleeding occurs repeatedly, it makes sense to seek help from a doctor and find out the reason why the child is bleeding from the nose.

The main reasons why a child has a nosebleed

As a rule, there is nothing dangerous about this. There are several main causes of nosebleeds, which, in most cases, explain why a child has a nosebleed.

The main reason is that the nasal cavity has an abundant blood supply, and since a child’s nasal mucosa is very sensitive to various types of influences, any minor damage can cause bleeding.

The “Kiesselbach area” is a plexus of blood vessels located very close to the surface of the nasal mucosa. This is what causes heavy bleeding from the nasal cavity. Moreover, a child’s nose may bleed completely suddenly.

Also, the reason why a child has a nosebleed may be a lack of vitamin C in the body, and as a result, increased fragility of blood vessels. Therefore, you need to diversify your child’s diet with fresh fruits, which are the best source of many essential vitamins.

Dry air can also cause fragility of blood vessels; this often happens in winter, when all the windows are closed and the rooms are not ventilated. As a result, the nasal mucosa dries out and the blood vessels lose their elasticity. In this case, nosebleeds can occur even if the baby simply sneezes.

Bleeding from the nose can also occur as a result of increased pressure; most often, such bleeding occurs at night. If the child has no other complaints, such as headaches, etc., and the nosebleed is one-time in nature and not prone to persistence, then there is no reason to worry. Otherwise, it is better to consult a doctor and undergo all the necessary examinations in order to establish the reason why the child is bleeding from the nose.

There are a number of other reasons why a child may have a nosebleed. But such cases are extremely rare, and we will not dwell on them, because only a specialist can establish such a cause.

What to do if your child has a nosebleed

Remember! The main thing is not to panic, as this will only scare the child.
The child must be seated and his head tilted slightly forward.
Make sure that the child does not have foreign objects in his nose, because babies often put them there.
You can lightly press the wings of the nose with your fingers, or insert cotton swabs. Tampons, for better effect, can be moistened with a solution of hydrogen peroxide. The bleeding should stop on its own within 2-3 minutes.
Under no circumstances should you lie down on your back and throw your head back, as many of us are used to doing.
You can apply cold to the child's nose. To do this, you can use either ice, putting it in a bag, or an ordinary scarf soaked in cold water. Such actions will help narrow the blood vessels and stop bleeding.
If the bleeding does not stop within 5-7 minutes, call an ambulance. But I would like to note that such cases are extremely rare, and are usually associated with a blood clotting problem.

If a child has a nosebleed, and this phenomenon becomes regular, it is imperative to show the child to a doctor. Usually, in such cases, to strengthen blood vessels, Ascorutin or another complex of vitamins is prescribed, which is selected individually, depending on the cause of bleeding and the age of the child. But once again I want to note that only a doctor can prescribe treatment, and you should not take medications on your own.