DPT vaccination revaccination side effects. DPT vaccination - preparation, procedure, side effects, reviews

DTP is an Adsorbed Pertussis-Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccination, which consists of killed pertussis germs and pre-purified diphtheria and tetanus toxoid. The microbial suspension is created on the basis of aluminum hydroscade gel.

1 ml of domestic vaccine contains:

1. 20 billion pertussis microbial cells;
2. 30 flocculating units of diphtheria toxoid;
3. 10 tetanus toxoid antitoxin binding units.

Dosage - 3 intramuscular vaccinations of 0.5 ml with an interval of 6 weeks and subsequent revaccination after a year.

Mild side effects after DTP vaccination

Mild side effects include:

1. increase in body temperature to 39 degrees,
2. drowsiness, lethargy or, on the contrary, anxiety,
3. local reactions in the form of swelling, thickening or even lumps, redness,
4. lack of appetite, vomiting and diarrhea.

The listed side effects occur in children after vaccination with high frequency. But this does not mean that your baby will certainly encounter them. Let's look at each symptom in more detail to determine where the norm ends, pathology occurs, and how to alleviate the child's condition in each case.

Increased body temperature

Every fourth child experiences an increase in body temperature after DTP. This is a normal phenomenon and indicates the beginning of the formation of immunity to diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus. But this is not a reason to refuse to help the baby. Therefore, parents are interested in what to do if the temperature rises after a DTP injection?

If the temperature rises to 38 degrees or higher, then the following measures must be taken:

1. provide the child with bed rest;
2. provide plenty of warm drinks;
3. give antipyretics recommended by your pediatrician;
4. Call an ambulance if the temperature rises above 39 degrees.

Parents are also often concerned about the question of how many days the elevated body temperature caused by the DTP vaccine can last. Usually the temperature rises on the first day after vaccination and lasts for three days. If it persists on the fourth and subsequent days, this indicates the occurrence of a pathological process in the child’s body, which can be caused by a cold. During the vaccination period, the child’s body becomes weak and is unable to resist viruses.

Local reactions

Local reactions are detected in every fourth child. Vaccination injections can be caused by:

• redness,
• edema,
• lump or lump
• tumor,
• pain,

Redness of the injection site and swelling with compaction up to 8 centimeters in diameter are considered normal. The pain syndrome is expressed with varying strength. Children react to pain by crying loudly. If it intensifies with movement, then the baby tries not to move the leg into which the vaccine was injected.

Parents often note that after vaccination the baby began to limp on the leg into which the vaccine was injected. This is a normal phenomenon due to the fact that the child is trying to relieve pain by reducing the load on the limb. He may limp until the pain goes away completely.

If your baby is limping for more than 4-5 days, tell your pediatrician.

At the injection site, the temperature of the reddened surface increases due to the abundant flow of blood. An inflammatory process begins, which disappears independently and without complications on the tenth day. Typically the vaccine is given in the thigh rather than the buttock. There is a lot of fatty tissue in the baby’s bottom, which prevents the absorption of the solution: it stagnates and causes the development of an abscess.

If the vaccine gets into the adipose tissue, a compaction will certainly form, which is called a lump. If, after DTP, a lump has formed at the injection site, combined with redness, you should seek help from a doctor. He will prescribe medications or tell you what lotions to apply to the injection site to increase blood flow and eliminate the lump.

A common measure against lumps from injections is an iodine mesh. It is also recommended to treat the area with the lump with magnesium solution. But you can start treatment only on the recommendation of a pediatrician.

You should not take measures on your own if you find a lump in your child after DTP vaccination. This can harm the baby and increase pain.

Changes in baby's behavior

Even in the vaccination room, the children begin to cry a lot. From this point on, parents are advised to monitor the child's behavior to determine if there are any complications. The baby will often grab the injection site and sob, indicating that he is in pain. But do not allow him to touch the leg with bare hands: if an infection occurs, a lump or lump will certainly form, and other symptoms of inflammation will appear.

Sometimes parents note that after vaccination the child became very restless. Perhaps he lacks care and a sense of security. To calm your baby, hug him, talk, and then talk to your pediatrician. He will prescribe sedatives or recommend drinking herbal decoctions that have a sedative effect on the nervous system.

Children may also react in the opposite way to the vaccine: they become lethargic and sleepy. You don’t need to do anything, just surround your baby with love and care. Parents often wonder how many days this baby’s condition can last. Typically, the child's behavior returns to normal after three days, and if anxiety or lethargy persists, a medical examination is necessary.

Vomiting, diarrhea and loss of appetite

Loss of appetite is very common and should not cause panic among parents. Typically, appetite returns three days after vaccination. A child's refusal to eat for four or more days should be alarming. Make sure your child drinks well.

Every tenth child experiences vomiting and diarrhea after DTP vaccination. To prevent dehydration, provide the baby with plenty of fluids and be sure to call a doctor at home.

Moderate side effects after DTP vaccination

Moderate side effects include:

1. convulsive phenomena,
2. loud crying lasting more than 3 hours,
3. temperature rise to 39.5 degrees or more.

Such consequences of DTP vaccination are serious and require medical supervision. If any of the side effects of moderate severity develop, immediately notify your pediatrician or call an ambulance. It's most likely nothing serious, but precautions should always be taken.

Convulsive phenomena

Convulsive syndrome after DTP vaccination occurs in one in 14,500 children. They come in two types:

1. Febrile. Characteristic when the temperature rises to 38 degrees and above. They are observed only in the first three days after vaccination.
2. Afebrile. These are convulsions caused by damage to the nervous system of an organic nature. Observed at normal body temperature, or if it is not higher than 38 degrees (subfebrile).

In case of convulsive phenomena, medical supervision and assistance is necessary. This will make it possible to promptly identify disorders of the nervous system and prevent other, more severe consequences for children.

Strong crying

Tears and screaming in children begin immediately after the vaccine is administered. Usually babies quickly calm down after contact with their mother, but sometimes the crying drags on for several hours, as happens in one case out of a thousand. During a hysteria, the child exhales frequently and deeply, which can result in brain hypoxia, which causes severe headaches.

Parents should be alerted to the child's crying if it continues for three or more hours. In this state, the child’s body quickly evaporates moisture, which threatens dehydration. Therefore, you need to do everything possible to stop the baby from crying as soon as possible. Try to calm your baby down and encourage him to drink warm water more often.

Children may cry little by little, but often: this happens after a complication and the appearance of a painful lump at the injection site. Tears well up in the eyes every time the baby experiences pain in the lump. This is a natural reaction with which a child shows his condition. But if the crying is not continuous, then this is not a cause for concern.

Very high body temperature (from 39.5)

One in 15,000 children develops a body temperature of 39.5 degrees or even higher after vaccination. This is a reason to call an ambulance and invite a pediatrician to your home. Before providing medical assistance, adhere to the following rules:

• Do not use an alcohol compress.
• As recommended by your doctor, try to bring down your temperature.
• Provide your child with plenty of warm fluids.
• Do not wrap your baby up to help dissipate heat.

Parents often wonder how long a high fever can last after vaccination. Medical workers say that if it is caused by the DTP vaccine, then it will not last more than three days. If the cause of the fever is an infection, it can last more than 3 days. But in any case, it is necessary to keep the child under medical supervision.

What complications can occur after DPT vaccination?

Severe complications of DTP vaccination include: allergies to vaccine components and neuralgic disorders.

Side effects should be distinguished from complications. Side effects occur relatively often, and they do not pose a threat to health. After a few days they go away on their own without any consequences that may occur after complications.

Allergic reaction

With a frequency of one case per million, complications in the form of allergies occur, the consequences of which can be:

• hives,
• Quincke's edema,
• anaphylactic shock.

A mild form of allergy in the form of urticaria is observed more often. A rash of red bumps forms on the baby's body. She does not pose a danger to children. Usually, after vaccination, the attending physician recommends taking antihistamines, which eliminate the body's allergic reaction to the introduction of foreign bodies.

Quincke's edema is a giant urticaria, accompanied by swelling of the dermis and subcutaneous fat. The greatest danger is swelling of the larynx. If swelling is detected, call an ambulance immediately.

The most serious complication is anaphylactic shock. It develops 20-30 minutes after the vaccine is administered. The first symptoms: headache, noises, itchy skin, feelings of anxiety and fear, cold sweat and even loss of consciousness. The parents' actions are to call an ambulance to provide emergency medical care.

If anaphylactic shock begins to develop away from medical centers, you need to provide first aid yourself. The child's life will depend on this:

1. The baby is placed in a horizontal position so that the head is slightly tilted down. This is necessary for blood flow to the brain.
2. Since vomiting is possible, keep your head turned to the side. Otherwise, vomit may enter the respiratory tract.
3. If the tongue sinks, it needs to be fixed. Otherwise, suffocation may occur.
4. The injured child is warmed and provided with fresh air.

Measures taken independently are not a reason to refuse medical care.

Neuralgic disorders

Complications in the form of damage to the nervous system after DPT are so rare that they are not usually associated with the vaccine. However, Dr. Lowe notes that in 75 cases out of 1000, DTP produces a mild brain reaction that goes unnoticed and leaves no trace. The question then arises of how many cases of serious damage to the nervous system there are. The question cannot be answered accurately, since there are no statistical data. But isolated cases do occur in medical practice.

The development of post-vaccination encephalitis occurs in exceptional cases. The complication is characterized by vascular disorders in the form of hemorrhages, stasis or plethora.

In the future, this leads to degeneration or complete death of neurons - nerve cells. Post-vaccination encephalitis develops 3-5 days after vaccination. Symptoms of the disease:

1. high temperature
2. immobility,
3. convulsive syndrome,
4. vomit,
5. increasing coma.

With focal damage to the brain, hyperkinesis, paresis of the limbs, convulsions, aphasia and damage to the cranial nerves are possible. After DTP, cerebral edema is possible; in exceptional cases, decerebration and decortication are observed. When damage to the nervous system is detected, it is often noted that immediately after the vaccine was administered, the child had a high-pitched cry. It is believed to be caused by intracranial hypertension.

In conclusion

It is worth remembering that the child will always respond to the administration of the DTP vaccine. In most cases, the reaction manifests itself in the form of mild to moderate side effects. But in isolated cases (one in a million or less), serious consequences are possible, threatening the life of the child. Therefore, the main task of parents is to carefully monitor the baby’s condition in the post-vaccination period in order to timely identify and eliminate the consequences of vaccination.

DTP vaccination is an effective method of preventing dangerous infections such as tetanus, whooping cough and diphtheria. At the beginning of the 20th century, before the vaccine was created, about 20% of children were infected with diphtheria, half of them died. Tetanus killed 85% of infected people. Even today, more than 250 thousand people die annually in countries where immunization is not carried out. Before the creation of the DTP vaccine, up to 95% of the world's population suffered from whooping cough, which is especially dangerous for children.

Immunization made it possible to cope with the epidemic, and the spread of infectious diseases decreased. However, in recent years, entire anti-vaccination movements have emerged. Therefore, it is worth figuring out whether a vaccine is necessary for a child and how dangerous the consequences of DTP vaccination are.

Why vaccinate?

DTP is an adsorbed vaccine against whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria. The drug is intended to create immunity against 3 severe infectious diseases that can lead to the development of severe irreversible complications. Therefore, DTP vaccination is done in most countries of the world. The DTP vaccine is based on inactivated whooping cough cells and purified diphtheria and tetanus toxoids.

Important! In Russia, domestic and imported drugs are widely used for vaccination.

The effect of the DPT vaccine is to develop an immune response in the baby, so that the child’s body can subsequently cope with pathogenic agents. After injection, toxins and microbial particles simulate the development of an infection. This triggers the synthesis of protective factors, interferons, antibodies and phagocytes. This allows you to develop strong immunity to infections.

In modern medicine, 2 types of DPT vaccine are widely used:

• Acellular (acellular). The drug contains purified pertussis antigens, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. The listed molecules are capable of forming immunity, which can significantly reduce the risk of developing neurological adverse reactions to the pertussis component. Examples of such a vaccine are Infanrix, Pentaxim;
• Cellular. The vaccine contains dead pertussis microorganisms, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. Therefore, after vaccination with DPT, a child experiences significant side effects.

Vaccination schedule

DTP vaccination helps to form a strong immune response in the baby. However, for this it is necessary to follow the following vaccination schedule:

• At 3 months the first DPT vaccination. The early date of immunization is justified by the fact that the mother’s antibodies are able to protect the child’s body only 60 days after birth. Vaccination is carried out with a domestic or foreign drug. However, it must be taken into account that the DTP vaccine can lead to the development of a post-vaccination reaction. Foreign vaccines are easier to tolerate. The DPT vaccine should be given to a child under 4 years of age; older children should receive the DTP vaccine as their first vaccination;
• At 4.5 months, the second vaccination. The ADKS vaccination must be done 45 days after the first immunization. Characterized by an increased immune response. Therefore, it is recommended to use a similar vaccine to reduce the severity of adverse reactions to the drug. However, if the baby had a strong reaction to the first vaccination, then it is necessary to use a drug without a pertussis component.
• At 6 months the third vaccination. Some children develop an intense reaction precisely after the third DPT vaccination.
• At 1.5 years the last vaccination. It is tolerated quite easily and rarely provokes the development of severe reactions.

How to prepare your baby?

To reduce the risk of developing and severity of adverse reactions after DPT vaccination, you must adhere to the following rules:

• A few days before vaccination, stop taking vitamin D, which will help prevent the development of allergies;
• Before vaccination, it is necessary to give the child an antihistamine and calcium gluconate, which should be continued for 3-4 days after immunization;
• 1-2 hours after the DTP vaccination, the baby should be given an antipyretic drug to prevent the temperature from rising.
• The dosage of medications should be selected by a pediatrician based on the individual characteristics of the child.

Instructions for use of the vaccine

DTP vaccination is used as part of the immunization of children under 4 years of age. A single dosage of the drug is 0.5 ml. Before administration, the ampoule must be heated to body temperature and shaken thoroughly until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.

If the next vaccination cannot be carried out within the prescribed period, then the vaccination is given as soon as the child’s condition returns to normal. Immunization is carried out according to aseptic and antiseptic standards. If after opening the ampoule the drug remains unused, then it must be disposed of.

Important! If a child has had whooping cough, then ADS is used instead of the DTP vaccine.

It is prohibited to use DPT if:

• The integrity of the ampoule is compromised;
• The expiration date has expired;
• The ampoules are not marked;
• The storage conditions of the drug were violated;
• The drug changed its physical properties (color, insoluble precipitate appeared).

After vaccination, the nurse must register the fact of vaccination in the established registration forms, indicating the date, number and series of the drug, expiration date, and manufacturer.

Many parents are interested in where they get vaccinated. The drug is injected into muscle tissue, which ensures a sufficient absorption rate and the correct formation of an immune response. The skin is pre-treated with an alcohol wipe. Pediatricians recommend that children under 1.5 years old receive the DPT vaccine into the thigh muscle. For older children, the drug is injected into the deltoid muscle of the shoulder.

Caring for your child after vaccination

Immediately after the DTP vaccination, it is recommended to be on the territory of the medical center for 20-30 minutes so that the staff can help the child if signs of severe allergies appear. At home, it is necessary to give the child an antipyretic drug based on Paracetamol in the form of syrup or suppositories, without waiting for the temperature to rise. After DTP, you can also use anti-inflammatory drugs (Nimesulide, Nurofen) before bed.

If a child has a fever, it is recommended to stop walking for a while. On the day of vaccination, you must refrain from swimming and massage. It is important to closely monitor the child’s behavior and condition and change the temperature regularly.

Features of vaccination in adults

Adults need revaccination to maintain a sufficient level of antibodies in the bloodstream. Therefore, vaccinations are given every 10 years, starting at the age of 24. However, whooping cough is not dangerous for a strong adult organism, so ADS-M is used for revaccination.

If the patient refuses to receive the vaccine, the risk of developing infectious diseases increases. However, in case of infection, the disease will be mild if the patient was vaccinated with DTP in childhood.

Adverse reactions

The DTP vaccine is a reactogenic drug because it causes short-term local and systemic adverse reactions in 90% of vaccinated children. Symptoms usually develop within 3 days after the injection.

Important! Any symptoms that develop later than this period are not related to the vaccination process.

Normal reactions after DTP vaccination include:

• Increased body temperature. After DPT, the elevated temperature can last up to 3 days. This is the most common reaction to the vaccine, so parents should prepare antipyretic medications in advance. If the temperature before bedtime does not exceed 38°C, then it is better to give the child a suppository. If the temperature exceeds this threshold, it is recommended to use anti-inflammatory drugs in syrup (Ibuprofen, Nurofen, Nimesulide);
• Soreness, redness and swelling at the injection site of the DPT vaccine. To eliminate the symptom, you can use an alcohol compress;
• Impaired functionality of the limb where the DPT vaccine was given. In children, muscle mass is less developed, which makes it difficult to absorb the drug. This causes the child to develop pain when walking and lameness. In this case, it is recommended to massage the leg and wipe it with a warm towel;
• Headache, malaise, general weakness;
• Indigestion, diarrhea. To prevent the development of unpleasant symptoms, it is recommended not to feed the child for 1.5 hours before and after vaccination. If diarrhea occurs, you should use enterosorbents: Smecta, Enterosgel, activated carbon;
• Prolonged crying, moodiness, irritability, sleep disturbance;
• Cough. The symptom develops as a reaction of the body to the intake of the pertussis component. Usually the cough goes away on its own within 3-4 days and does not require medication. If the symptom persists for a week, it may be a sign of an infectious disease not related to vaccination;
• Decreased appetite or complete refusal to eat;
• The appearance of a rash. The symptom goes away on its own a few days after vaccination. For severe itching, it is recommended to use antihistamines.

Depending on the severity of the symptoms, the child’s reaction to the DTP vaccine may be:

1. Weak. Leads to the development of minor general malaise, an increase in temperature of no more than 37.5°C.
2. Moderate severity. Causes a pronounced deterioration in well-being and changes in behavioral reactions. The temperature usually does not exceed 38°C after DTP.
3. Severe reaction. The child becomes apathetic, refuses to eat, and the temperature reaches 39°C. If hyperthermia exceeds 40°C, then later during vaccination it is recommended to abandon the vaccine used in favor of ADS.

Important! Doctors note that after each subsequent DPT vaccination, the body’s overall reaction to the drug becomes less pronounced, but local symptoms become stronger.

Possible complications

In rare cases, after DPT, severe health problems develop in children that require immediate medical attention:

• Severe allergic reactions: atopic dermatitis, angioedema, anaphylactic shock;
• A decrease in blood pressure, which leads to impaired blood flow in vital organs. The following symptoms of hypotension are distinguished: pale skin, weakness, cold hands and feet;
• Convulsions without fever. The condition indicates an organic lesion of the child’s nervous system;
• The appearance of symptoms, which indicates a disruption of the central nervous system and the development of encephalopathy. A complication develops only in 1 case out of 300 thousand;
• Baby crying for 2-4 hours;
• Inflammation of the spinal cord and brain. The pathology occurs in 1 in 500 thousand vaccinated people;
• Development of a lump at the injection site more than 8 cm in diameter;
• Temperature up to 40°C, which cannot be brought down by antipyretic drugs.

Existing contraindications

DTP vaccination cannot be carried out in the following cases:

• Severe immunodeficiency states;
• Tuberculosis;
• Severe pathologies of the nervous system;
• Bleeding disorders;
• History of severe allergic reaction to DPT;
• Hepatitis;
• History of seizures;
• Hypersensitivity to any component of the DTP vaccine;
• The baby has a strong reaction to the previous vaccination: temperature up to 40 0 ​​C, a lump at the injection site more than 8 cm in diameter.

These contraindications are absolute; in such cases, the child receives a lifelong medical exemption from DTP vaccination. There are also relative contraindications when vaccination is postponed for 11-20 days:

• Acute infectious diseases;
• Exacerbation of chronic pathologies;
• Increased body temperature;
• Signs of intoxication development: nausea, weakness, lethargy, anxiety;
• Diarrhea and abdominal pain;
• Against the background of teething;
• Severe stress in the child;
• Decreased appetite.

Main types of vaccines

Typically, routine immunization is carried out with the domestic DTP vaccine. However, parents have the right to independently choose the drug for vaccination. The following vaccines are available:

• DPT;
• Infanrix;
• Pentaxim;

It is worth considering each of the vaccination drugs in more detail.

DPT

The drug is based on 100 billion inactivated whooping cough sticks, 15 flocculating units of diphtheria toxoid and 5 units of tetanus toxoid. A stabilizer, merthiolate, is used as an auxiliary substance.

Important! The DPT vaccine cannot be purchased at retail pharmacies.

The Russian-made DTP vaccine is produced in the form of a grayish-white suspension for intramuscular administration. A cloudy precipitate may form.

Infanrix

This is a suspension for intramuscular administration, which is used for vaccination and revaccination. Infanrix is ​​produced in 0.5 ml ampoules in Belgium. After vaccination, the following side effects are possible in children:

• Slight redness and swelling at the injection site;
• Pain and dysfunction of the limb where the drug was injected;
• Increased body temperature for no more than 3 days;
• Runny nose;
• Apathy, tearfulness;
• Pain in the throat, gums and teeth;
• Allergic reaction.

Important! The listed symptoms develop in 90% of children after the first administration of the Infanrix vaccine.

Taking antipyretics and antihistamines will help alleviate the baby's condition. If a lump appears at the injection site, you can apply a compress.

Administration of the Infanrix vaccine is contraindicated in the following cases:

• Fever in a child;
• Against the background of infectious diseases;
• Presence of severe pathologies in the anamnesis;
• Against the background of teething.

There are also combination drugs that can protect a child from 4 or more infectious diseases. These include Infanrix IPV (protection against tetanus, whooping cough, diphtheria and polio), Infanrix Hexa (protects the baby from whooping cough, tetanus, hepatitis B, polio, diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae infection).

Pentaxim

The drug is produced in France in double packaging. The Pentaxim vaccine contains diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis toxoid, filamentous hemagglutinin, dead polio viral particles (3 strains). The listed components are contained in a syringe with a volume of 1 ml. They are a cloudy white suspension. Separately in the form of a lyophilisate there is a hemophilic component, which is combined with tetanus toxoid. Immediately before administering the vaccine, the nurse mixes all available ingredients according to the instructions.

After vaccination with the Pentaxim vaccine, the following side effects are possible:

• Hyperemia (redness of the skin) at the injection site, the appearance of compaction, swelling;
• Fever up to 3 days;
• Irritability, tearfulness;
• Allergic reaction;
• Lameness after vaccination in the leg;
• Decreased appetite.

Pentaxim practically does not cause severe side effects. And the listed symptoms are easily relieved with antihistamines and antipyretics. After vaccination, it is recommended to avoid walking and swimming for a couple of days.

ADS

For children over 4 years of age, administration of ADS is recommended during vaccination. This drug does not contain a pertussis component, because the child’s immunity against whooping cough is considered to be formed. ADS is administered to prolong the resistance of children's bodies to the pathogens of tetanus and diphtheria. The vaccination schedule involves administering the vaccine at ages 7, 14, and then every 10 years in adults. The ADS vaccine is well tolerated, but slight redness at the injection site may occur.

To form reliable immunity against tetanus and diphtheria in children over 6 years of age, the ADS-M vaccine is used. It has a low dosage of active components, so it helps reduce the risk of adverse reactions after vaccination.

Vaccination: pros and cons

The DTP vaccine was included in the National Vaccination Calendar because it can protect children and adults from deadly infections. If the child has no contraindications and is completely healthy, then parents need to decide in favor of vaccination. After all, after vaccination with DTP, dangerous side effects rarely develop. However, vaccination allows you to be sure that the child’s body will be able to cope with pathogens of dangerous infections.

Parents often refuse DTP vaccination because the vaccine can lead to the development of autism. In such cases, they refer to an article in The Lancet. The publication indicates that thimerosal, which is part of many vaccine preparations, causes dangerous complications. However, numerous clinical studies have proven that vaccination is not capable of triggering the development of autism in children. It is also a myth that DPT provokes the development of bronchial asthma in a child.

Some parents note that several months or years after the vaccination, the child developed deviations in mental and speech activity, tearfulness, irritability, and decreased immunity. However, there is no reliable information that the listed conditions are complications of vaccination. There are no vaccines that are absolutely safe for a child’s health. In rare cases, DPT leads to the development of severe conditions, but the consequences of infectious diseases (whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria) are much more dangerous.

Conclusion

DTP vaccination is the most reactogenic of childhood vaccinations, which leads to the development of a large number of adverse reactions. Almost every child develops a fever after administration of the drug. Therefore, it is important to follow your doctor’s recommendations and undergo a medical examination before vaccination. This will reduce the risk of post-vaccination reactions and severe complications in the baby. In Russia, vaccination is voluntary, so parents have the right to refuse DTP vaccination in writing.

All people, both adults and children, should be up to date with vaccinations. Vaccinations for children are the most important medical procedure. Many parents are interested in: “What is DTP? And what kind of DTP vaccine are they given to children?” This vaccine is aimed at combating whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus, which determines the corresponding interpretation of the DPT vaccine. These diseases are among the top most dangerous diseases. Often, complications contribute to the onset of developmental disorders, resulting in disability.

DPT decoding and vaccines used

DTP is the most common type of vaccination around the world. Explanation of DPT: Adsorbed Pertussis Diphtheria Tetanus Vaccine. In the international nomenclature it is designated DTP. Having learned the meaning of the abbreviation, some parents still ask: “DTP drugs for what?” The answer is simple: vaccination has a combined effect on diseases of the same name.

The domestic vaccine is represented by the drug Infanrix.

What else can vaccinations with a DPT component be for? There may be drugs that additionally act on other diseases, for example:

1. + Polio: Tetracoc.
2. + Poliomyelitis and hemophilus influenzae infection: Pentaxim.
3. + Hepatitis B: Tritanrix.

This vaccination is the basis for immunoprophylaxis. But with all the positive things, sometimes the component that is responsible for whooping cough causes a significant negative effect. Therefore, only tetanus and diphtheria are often vaccinated together. This ADS vaccination has a decoding similar to the DTP vaccination, excluding the Pertussis component.

The following vaccines are available in Russia:

1. Domestic ADS or foreign D.T. Wax: for children under 6 years old.
2. ADS-m and foreign D.T. Adulthood: for children aged 6 years and over.

Vaccines for certain types of diseases:

1. AS: for tetanus.
2. AD: anti-diphtheria.

Place to get vaccinated

The DTP vaccine is administered intramuscularly. Using this technique, the optimal rate of distribution of the components of the drug for the formation of immunity is achieved.

A child is most often given DTP in the thigh area, where muscle tissue is well developed. For an adult, the location is changed to the shoulder. This can be done only if the muscles there are sufficiently developed.

Injection under the skin is unacceptable; the vaccine will be considered useless. Introduction into the gluteal region is excluded. This is due to the presence of a large fat layer, as well as the risk of getting into the blood vessels or the sciatic nerve.

Contraindications

You should carefully consider the factors that make this vaccination impossible.

General contraindications:

• all diseases in the acute period;
• signs of immunodeficiency;
• allergic reactions to components in the drug.

In this case, the vaccine is postponed until complete recovery, or not given at all.

Temporary non-admission is received by:

• children with leukemia;
• pregnant women;
• children during exacerbation of diathesis.

For convulsions and neuralgia associated with elevated temperature, it is possible to administer ADS instead of DTP.

Those who have false contraindications must be admitted:

• allergies in relatives;
• early birth;
• convulsive conditions in relatives;
• perinatal encephalopathy;
• observation of severe exacerbations in relatives with the introduction of DTP.

People with such symptoms, having been cleared by their attending physician, may well be vaccinated.

Should children be given DTP?

Nowadays, many parents take a sharply negative position towards vaccination. Of course, one can understand their point of view. Having read articles on Wikipedia, Google and other resources, they, not understanding the correct meaning of the terms, believe that in this way even more harm is caused than the benefit of vaccination.

I would like to dispel this myth. It has been scientifically proven that when administering DTP it is possible to avoid serious complications from diseases, and even death. That is why the DTP vaccine is given to many children all over the world.

The human body, even a very small one, is able to cope with the components of drugs that are currently well-developed in composition. Thanks to many years of experience, a formula has been developed that allows the prevention of diseases to be carried out with the least risk to health.

Number of DTP vaccinations and affixation scheme

In young children, the DTP vaccine is administered in four stages:

1. At 3 months.
2. At 4-5 months, after 30-45 days.
3. At 6 months.
4. At 1.5 years old.

During this period, they are vaccinated with DPT for the best development of immunity and the acquisition of antibodies to the diseases of the same name. At later ages, vaccines are given at 6-7 years of age, and later, in adolescence at 14 years of age. This is aimed only at maintaining the number of indicators already acquired. This procedure is called DPT revaccination.

Setting interval

The interval between vaccines is strictly established by medical institutions. So the first 3 stages are carried out at intervals of 30-45 days. Next, medications are administered at least 4 weeks later.

It is possible to postpone vaccination: due to illness or other reasons for refusal. If you are eligible for vaccination, you should get it immediately.

If vaccination is delayed, re-vaccination should not be started. The chain of stages continues. That is, if you have the first vaccination, the next two should be with an interval of 30-45 days between them, the next one comes after a year. Next goes according to schedule.

How many times is DTP given for adults?

The last stage of childhood ends at 14 years of age. Subsequently, adults should undergo booster vaccination every subsequent 10 years. Consequently, at older ages, adults are given the DPT vaccine at 24, 34, 44 years, etc.

In most cases, adults are prescribed ADS, since this type eliminates the component of whooping cough, which is low-risk for older people.

If you do not undergo revaccination, the number of antibodies capable of fighting the disease decreases, and there is a risk of infection. But the disease will be in its mildest form.

First DTP

The initial DTP should occur when the child is 3 months old. Maternal antibodies last only 60 days after the baby is born. To restore antibodies, doctors have appointed exactly this period for the first administration of the medicine.

If the first DTP was postponed for medical reasons, then it is allowed to be done until the age of 4 years. Sometimes this seems impossible, then vaccination should take place after 4 years and only with drugs against ADS.

To avoid complications after DTP vaccination, the baby is brought to the procedure healthy. If an enlarged thymus gland is observed, DPT administration is not recommended, since there is a high risk of severe reactions in the baby.

DPT vaccination is carried out with any of the drugs existing for these purposes. Infanrix is ​​the easiest to tolerate, but under the influence of the others, post-vaccination reactions can be observed. They are not complications, and the baby’s body is able to cope with them.

Second DTP

Under favorable conditions for vaccination, the second stage is carried out 30-45 days after the first stage DPT vaccination, therefore, at 4.5 years.

It is recommended to vaccinate the little one with the same drug as the original DTP. But in the absence of such a medicine, you should not despair, because according to the WHO, all types of DTP vaccinations and vaccines can be replaced with each other.

Many parents are sometimes frightened by the reaction to a second vaccination. Yes, it may be stronger than with the first DTP. This phenomenon occurs due to the fact that during primary vaccination a certain amount of antibodies are introduced, which, when faced with microbial components for the second time, begin their resistance and the body’s defense reaction. The effect of a negative reaction to the second stage of vaccination is considered the most pronounced and severe of all subsequent ones.

When administering the first vaccine, a significant negative reaction is possible, so a different drug is selected for the second procedure. Usually, ADS is used instead of DPT, since the active component responsible for whooping cough causes such reactions.

Third DTP

Vaccination number three occurs 30-45 days after the second stage DPT vaccination. If, when the vaccination was postponed, DTP was later given, then it is still considered the third.

Even at the third stage of vaccination, a strong reaction from the body is possible, which should not frighten caring parents. In the absence of the same drug as in the previous stages, the planned procedure should not be postponed. Another medicine, no less good in quality, is selected.

Preparation before vaccination

DPT vaccination is recognized as the most reactogenic procedure. To alleviate and eliminate adverse reactions, you should carefully prepare for the event.

General rules:

1. A person must be completely healthy.
2. The procedure is carried out on an empty stomach. Make sure your child wants to eat before the procedure.
3. If the procedure is performed on a baby, he needs to poop before DPT.
4. The child dresses so that his temperature does not rise.

The drug should be administered while taking painkillers, antipyretics and antiallergic drugs. This is especially true for vaccinating children.

If severe pain is observed, the child is prescribed analgesics. To minimize adverse reactions, you should keep all these types of medications nearby so that you can take the medications at the first symptoms.

Scheme of drug preparation for DPT:

1. For allergic reactions, antihistamines are taken a couple of days in advance.
2. On the day of the procedure, after the procedure, antipyretic suppositories are administered for children or tablets are prescribed for adults. Monitor the temperature level. Take anti-allergy pills.
3. Second day: antihistamines are taken, antipyretics for high temperatures.
4. On the third day, improvement is usually observed and any medications are stopped.

The best option is to select medications for the baby with a pediatrician before the DTP procedure.

Actions immediately after

To ensure good condition, the child should spend the first half hour close to the medical facility. You can either stay in the hospital itself or walk around it. This is done taking into account the fact that a very severe allergy may occur, requiring specialized medical intervention and further observation within the hospital.

If there are no allergic reactions, you can go home. If your baby is very active, you should take a walk in nature, avoiding crowds of children.

Upon arrival at home, the child should be given an antipyretic, without relying on the temperature at the moment. Strict temperature control must be maintained throughout the day. In order to take measures to normalize it when it increases.

Antipyretic suppositories are used before bedtime. Excessive feeding is excluded. Only ordinary foods that do not cause allergies are allowed. Liquids should be given in large volumes, mainly water. Monitor the temperature in the room. The temperature should be within 22°C. If the baby’s health is favorable, then pay attention to walks, but exclude communication with others.

Adverse reactions to DTP

As with many vaccination procedures, after vaccination with DTP, both local and general side effects often appear.

Local symptoms:

• pink spot, swelling, pain at the insertion site;
• impaired movement of the vaccinated leg due to pain.

General symptoms:

• elevated temperature;
• nervousness, whims, restlessness of the baby;
• long sleep;
• loss of appetite;
• vomiting and diarrhea.

If you experience side effects from the DTP vaccine on the first day, you should not worry. The reason for visiting the clinic should be the appearance of symptoms on the third or more days.

Complications requiring medical attention

DTP drugs when the procedure is done can cause serious consequences. These effects include:

1. Severe allergic forms (Quincke's edema, anaphylactic shock, etc.).
2. Convulsive phenomena at normal temperatures.
3. Encephalopathy.

If these symptoms occur, you must urgently call an ambulance or take the baby to the hospital.

When prescribing DPT vaccination for a child, his parents should not panic. Answer the question: “DTP, what is it?” A pediatrician will help you fully. He will professionally explain how DTP is deciphered. He will also consider the baby for admission to this procedure and prescribe medications after vaccination.

Video

The DPT vaccine cannot be underestimated, much less avoided: before its invention in the 40s of the last century, infections with tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough were the main causes of child death! With the improvement of living conditions, advances in medicine, and the introduction of compulsory vaccination, the danger from these diseases is no longer so serious. However, the risk always remains and refusing vaccinations is extremely unwise and dangerous. Although DPT vaccinations are fraught with side effects and reactions, this is a small price to pay before the danger of contracting tetanus or diphtheria. The national vaccination schedule in the Russian Federation establishes four main periods of DTP vaccination: the first vaccination in infancy (3–6 months), revaccination at the age of one and a half years, revaccination of diphtheria and tetanus at 6 years and vaccinations in adulthood (at 14 years and once every 19 years subsequently, only diphtheria with tetanus). The timing of DTP vaccination is clearly shown in the table below.

First vaccination

Without a doubt, the most important stage in the formation of children's immune defense is the first months after birth. At the beginning of life, children are much more susceptible to infection by dangerous viruses and microorganisms, and the body itself is not able to withstand severe infectious blows. Therefore, the first DPT vaccination, as one of the primary ones, takes place already in the 3rd month of life. This stage consists of three vaccinations, one every 45 days - at 3, 4.5 and 6 months. It is very advisable to follow the schedule as accurately as possible, but if necessary (illness of children, temporary contraindications, etc.), the dates of vaccinations can be postponed for a short period of time, the success of developing immunity does not suffer from this.

Three days before the very first vaccination, doctors recommend giving the baby antihistamines for children - this will reduce the risk of allergies and reduce the reaction in general. In addition, it is necessary to stock up on antipyretic drugs.

The first injection is given at the age of 3 months, because the immunity transferred to children with mother's antibodies begins to disappear by this time. This process may take place differently in different children, but the ideal period for the first vaccination in different countries is considered to be between 2 and 4 months. As in subsequent times, the drug is introduced into the body by intramuscular injection. The best place for injection is the inner thigh, where the muscles are well developed even in newborn children. At the time of vaccination, the child must be healthy and fully examined for contraindications. The first stage of DPT is important because it can reveal a hidden allergic reaction and give an idea of ​​how the child’s body reacts to the components of the vaccine. It is important for parents to be especially vigilant in order to promptly notice any abnormal changes in the child’s condition.

The second vaccination of the DPT vaccine is given 45 days after the first. The procedure is no different from the previous injection, but children often tolerate the vaccination much worse. In children, the temperature rises greatly, convulsions, drowsiness, or, conversely, prolonged high-pitched crying may occur. This happens because after the first vaccination the child has time to develop antibodies to the vaccine toxoids and during the second vaccination the baby’s body tries to protect itself from the practically harmless components of the vaccine. That is, the child’s condition during this period is a consequence of the internal struggle of the immune system against toxoids. Despite the fact that the process is normal, it cannot be left to chance - the baby needs to be given an antipyretic and his condition carefully monitored. An increase in temperature above 39.5 °C, severe convulsions that continue for more than a day, prolonged redness of the body and other strange phenomena are a reason to immediately consult a doctor. Doctors do not recommend changing the drug during vaccination; however, if after the first vaccination the child experienced a severe reaction (temperature 38.5 °C or higher, severe convulsions), it makes sense to give the second and subsequent injections a more expensive and safe imported drug.

Some DTP vaccinations coincide in timing with other vaccinations - in this case, you can use combined imported vaccines, this will reduce the number of painful injections.

The last of the three DTP vaccinations serves to fully strengthen immunity and is given to children at 6 months. If it was impossible to vaccinate at the required time, the scheme allows for the vaccination to be postponed up to two months in advance. It is also done intramuscularly and is relatively painless for children. If there were no negative reactions after the first two vaccinations, it is advisable to inject the same drug. Otherwise, it is permissible to change the vaccine to imported Infanrix or another.

Revaccination first

A single vaccine shot at one and a half years of age (18 months). The most common question parents ask before re-vaccination is: why is it needed? The DTP vaccine provides children with immunity from whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria for more than 5 years, as many parents know. However, far fewer parents go into the intricacies of immunology, not suspecting that the first acquired immunity from whooping cough and tetanus disappears in 15–20% of cases within a year after vaccination. The body stops considering infection as a real threat in the future and gradually stops producing antibodies. To prevent this, children should receive another additional vaccination, which will give a 100% immune response for the required period. Many parents, without knowing this, refuse such a quick re-vaccination with DPT, especially if the baby had serious reactions the first time. Important: if the child nevertheless ends up in the 20% of children who have lost immunity after the first DTP injections, he will be defenseless against the three most dangerous infectious diseases up to 6 years of age. It is impossible to establish this for sure without a serious immunological study, so it is easier to simply do an extra vaccination.

In accordance with the national vaccination calendar, the anti-pertussis component is not administered to children over four years of age.

Second and subsequent revaccinations

Further vaccinations are separated by significantly longer time intervals and have an important difference - the pertussis component is excluded from vaccination. For children over 4 years of age, domestic medicine completely excludes whole-cell whooping cough vaccinations (immunity is not developed; the vaccine will simply infect the child with whooping cough). Russia does not produce acellular pertussis vaccinations, so vaccination against it ends in the Russian Federation after 4 years. This is also justified by the fact that older children are much less susceptible to the disease, tolerate it more easily, and the mortality rate with proper care is zero. The drug DPT (adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus) is not used in further vaccination because it contains a pertussis component. Up to 6 years of age, the drug ADS (adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus vaccine) is used to instill immunity against tetanus and diphtheria in children, and after that - ADS-M (an identical drug with a much lower content of active substances).

The second revaccination (this time only against tetanus and diphtheria) takes place at 6 years of age. The child is given only one vaccination intramuscularly, the reaction from which should be minimal compared to all previous ones. If you still want to protect your child from whooping cough, it is permissible to use an imported drug (Pentaxim, Tetraxim, Infanrix and others). There is little need - the disease from the age of 6 years is easier to tolerate than influenza, and after one case of the disease, the child will receive natural lifelong immunity.

The last revaccination for children is done at the age of 14 with the drug ADS-M, with a low content of active toxoids. The drug has been changed so as not to put unnecessary stress on the body; to maintain immunity in adulthood, several times smaller doses of the active components are sufficient. ADS-M does not generate immunity in the body, but is only a “reminder” for the body to maintain it.

Revaccination for adults is done every 10 years, starting from the age of 24, with the drug ADS-M. Most people neglect it, since the risk of infection and the danger for an adult is much less than for children. But nevertheless, the risk remains quite high; infection with these infections can seriously undermine health and even make a person disabled. Prevention of tetanus with diphtheria is especially recommended for people at risk: those working with children, animals, and medical personnel.

Brief reminder

• Vaccination of whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria takes place in two stages: two vaccinations in the period of 2-6 months, at 1.5 years and 6 years;
• Tetanus-diphtheria vaccinations are given separately at 6 and 14 years of age, as well as every subsequent 10 years of life;
• The vaccination schedule may be changed as necessary, with the approval of the doctor. The number of vaccinations does not change;
• All drugs certified in Russia, including imported ones, are interchangeable;
• The person being vaccinated must be healthy and have no contraindications to vaccination;
• An open, especially contaminated wound is a reason for urgent vaccination if it has not been done for more than 5 years;
• It is recommended to give children an antihistamine at any stage, be sure to reduce the fever after vaccination;
• All vaccinations, including extraordinary ones, must be reflected in the vaccination card.

The DPT vaccination scheme is much more transparent when carefully examined than many parents think. Carefully follow the doctor’s instructions and vaccination rules so that DTP does not leave behind anything but peace of mind for the health of your children!

Future mothers, fathers and young parents are interested, of course, to know what vaccinations exist and how you can take care of your baby’s health and protect him from diseases. Preparing for DTP vaccination is an important process. But not everyone knows how to prepare for this procedure, when it is needed, what it means, what consequences are possible, and whether there are contraindications.

As soon as the baby is born, he is already vaccinated on the first day of life. The schedule is developed by the Ministry of Health. Parents can refuse to vaccinate their baby and undergo the procedure later.

Some vaccinations, if they were not given in childhood, a person has to undergo independently in adulthood - when applying for a job and not only. DPT vaccinations are given to both adults and children. In the first days, months, years, if the immune reaction is not developed, the risk of infection is higher.

Many diseases are more difficult to bear. There is nothing surprising about this. The body is not strong. It will take at least 12 months to adapt to environmental conditions. You will get to know the local climate and seasons. Therefore, it is recommended to vaccinate as early as possible.

The human body is not perfect. Because of this, epidemics occurred so often in past centuries. The entire civilization was on the brink of destruction.

Artificial formation of an immune response in children and adults helps to avoid many troubles. A high-quality vaccine has already been invented against most infections. Vaccinations against the most common and dangerous diseases, using an effective, proven vaccine, are offered to newborns to improve the quality of life and increase its duration.

After discharge from the maternity hospital, upon reaching the age of three months, they are given the DTP vaccine. DTP vaccination is the introduction into the body of an adsorbed vaccine against whooping cough, diphtheria, and tetanus.

These diseases should be taken seriously. They are characterized by the complexity of the clinical picture, high mortality rate, and severe consequences. The body's response to vaccination is often complex.

There is a risk:

• side effects;
• allergic reactions.

The list of contraindications is long. It is necessary to prepare the baby for this procedure. As a result, he will develop stable immunity.

Features of the vaccine

The vaccine produced in the Russian Federation contains dead cells of pathogenic microorganisms. It is given to children free of charge with standard vaccination.

There are foreign-made DPT vaccines that contain parts of cells, specific elements that are most significant for the formation of an immune response. They can be purchased if desired. In both cases there is no risk of infection, each component is safe. The effectiveness is confirmed and proven.

Usually used:

1. a drug made in Russia, which is called DPT;
2. Belgian Infanrix;
3. Pentaxim is produced by a French company.

There are also drugs that are used to vaccinate children against diseases other than diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough. For example, a product such as Tritanrix-NV or Bubo-Coc can be used. This is a vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough and hepatitis B. Bubo-M is a vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis B, but not against whooping cough.

If earlier the DPT vaccine was given, parents needed its decoding when analyzing the vaccination card, but now things are different. Developing immunity against diseases involves choosing the optimal vaccine, taking into account the specifics of the situation.

If the baby has no health problems, the parents do not object to the procedures, and the standard vaccination schedule is applied.

Sometimes you feel the need to pay attention to some individual characteristics of the body or situation. They are not important at first glance, but they cause concern. In this case, it is necessary to make changes to the standard scheme. Your doctor will tell you how to do this. The calendar of procedures will become a guide for action. You can make your own suggestions and discuss the most promising options with your doctor.

Different DPT vaccinations, their decoding, the meaning of vaccines, which is known before the administration of the drug, helps parents control the process.

The vaccination card is drawn up taking into account their opinions and observations. It is the parents who will be the first to notice that the baby has signs of contraindications. It is sometimes better to pay for a vaccine and achieve a good result, more acceptable, than to refuse the procedure altogether.

A specific drug can be obtained free of charge when the classic one is not suitable. But sometimes it is better to refuse vaccination altogether. Vaccination with DTP, ADSM and others is dangerous.

What should you pay attention to before and after DTP vaccination? What consequences should we expect and beware of?

When the procedure cannot be performed

How dangerous is a vaccine that contains no living microorganisms actually?

At first glance, nothing. There should be no negative reactions after vaccination with DTP. But under certain circumstances, there is still a risk, a threat to health.

Complications from the vaccine itself, although harmless, may occur if diseases of the nervous system are diagnosed. They are a contraindication to the use of the vaccine.

The reaction to a foreign body or information about a potential threat will be negative, not as desired. For the presence of diphtheria toxins, tetanus, and pertussis too. Complications can be expressed in the form of deterioration of health, weakening of the nervous system.

With congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, complications are also likely, and the administration of the vaccine is prohibited.

If you have already been vaccinated before and hyperthermia was observed, you cannot do it again. You cannot vaccinate with DPT in case of some chronic diseases, at the acute stage. In these cases, vaccination with ADS toxoid should be chosen.

Circumstances may cause a temporary ban on vaccination. In particular, any acute infectious disease is a serious obstacle. The reaction to the vaccine is unpredictable, and life-threatening complications are possible. If someone in your immediate environment is sick with an infectious disease, you should not get vaccinated. The likelihood of complications occurring is higher in this case.

The reason for postponing vaccination is stress. They can be considered moving, the death of relatives, the baby’s teeth cutting, the observed temperature, and more. Even if there are no above-mentioned threats, sometimes the DPT vaccine has side effects.

Negative symptoms after vaccination

It happens that redness appears at the injection site, and then a purulent abscess. It is important to monitor the condition of the skin at first and possibly use antibacterial ointment. You should start to worry when the area of ​​inflammation exceeds 8 mm, and tissue compaction is noticeable. Body temperature rises.

It is customary to distinguish mild, moderate and pronounced hyperthermia.

An increase in temperature to 37.5 is mild hyperthermia. At a temperature of 38.5 we are talking about a medium degree of hyperthermia. Severe hyperthermia is an increase in temperature above 38.5. You should inform your doctor and give antipyretic drugs as soon as possible.

Hyperthermia after DTP vaccination can last 2-3 days.

More serious possible complications include angioedema and allergic syndromes. In some cases, anaphylactic shock develops when this vaccination is given, blood circulation is disrupted due to a sharp decrease in pressure, and febrile convulsions appear.

Deviations in the functioning of the nervous system may occur, meningitis and other pathologies may develop. But these reactions are extremely rare. Weakness, moodiness, loss of appetite - this is what should most often be expected from a baby who has received this complex vaccination.

How many times should the injection be given?

How many times is the vaccine injection given?

More than once. The DTP schedule is vaccination at the age of three months, then at the age of 4 months. The minimum period between procedures is thirty days. The maximum allowable break between the first procedures is forty-five days. It is not advisable to violate the vaccination schedule. But if a longer pause is necessary, no additional drug is administered.

If negative reactions are observed, a note is made on the outpatient card or vaccination card about this. The vaccine is replaced according to the situation. At the age of 6 months, the 3rd vaccination is given. The procedure will also be required at 18 months. This completes the first stage.

A stable immune defense has been developed that lasts until approximately 8.5 years of age. At six years old the first revaccination procedure is carried out, at seven the second, and at fourteen the third. The ADS-M vaccine is already in use.

Revaccination is necessary due to decreased antibody levels.

Their production is naturally suppressed. A newborn has immunity to these infections from the first day of life to 2 months. Antibodies are obtained from the mother's body. The newborn’s body produces them on its own.

But after 2 months their level decreases significantly. The observed concentration is insufficient to effectively combat infection. Therefore, already at three months of age, the first procedure is recommended.

10 years after repeated revaccination, the level of antibodies in the blood decreases again. At twenty-four years old you will have to repeat the vaccination. For adults, it is recommended to do it every 10 years throughout their lives. It is advisable to carry out DPT revaccination in a timely manner and adhere to the deadlines.

In the case when the baby’s parents refuse immunization, the DPT vaccination is not carried out at 3 months, the risk of infection gradually decreases. An adult who has reached adulthood has little chance of contracting diphtheria or whooping cough, but a lot of chances of contracting tetanus.

In this regard, a different vaccine is usually prescribed, exclusively tetanus. DPT vaccination for adults can be recommended by an immunologist as a universal option. Sometimes this particular vaccine is most suitable; a complex vaccination is necessary.

How is vaccination carried out?

Does it matter where the vaccine is given?

The drug is initially administered into the gluteal muscle. Later it is possible to inject it into the muscle of the arm, under the shoulder blade. The skin in the injection area in a baby is exposed to a greater number of negative factors. The relevance of an injection into a muscle chosen by specialists raises doubts.

And yet, for a harmonious distribution, minimizing the negative impact on the nervous system and musculoskeletal system, it is advisable to inject directly into the thigh muscle. A negative reaction to the drug can be neutralized using conventional disinfectants.

Attentive attention to the baby’s condition and well-being after the procedure is a guarantee of safety and health.

Before vaccination, you must be examined by a doctor. Usually they visit a pediatrician or therapist, surgeon or orthopedist, neurologist. A blood test is also required. Before the procedure itself, it is advisable to avoid visiting crowded places for several days.

The likelihood of contracting any disease or missing vaccination will be minimized.

It is not advisable to add new foods to your diet. This is an additional burden on the immune system. The risk of developing allergic reactions increases, which is undesirable. The diet should be familiar, slightly less caloric.

The vaccination itself is given to the child on an empty stomach - at least an hour should pass after eating. If the child has refrained from bowel movements for 24 hours, a laxative should be used.

After vaccination, you cannot bathe your child for a day. In the next 2-3 days, you should avoid getting water on the injection site. If water does get in, it is recommended to carefully wipe the area with a towel or paper napkin. It is not advisable to rub this place.