Cowpox symptoms and treatment. Cowpox

Cowpox is a disease that is now quite rare. It is infectious and has a viral etiology. Despite small degree prevalence, every farmer should get general idea about this disease, the causes of its occurrence, as well as signs of infection in cows. This information will help you detect the symptoms of the disease in time and begin treatment.

What is smallpox?

Smallpox is caused by an epitheliotropic DNA-containing virus, which, penetrating into the blood, provokes the appearance of fever, intoxication of the body and a papular-pustular rash on the skin and mucous membranes. In cows, rashes form mainly on the udder, sometimes on the neck and back. In young animals, the mucous membranes of the mouth are affected. In bulls, pustules and papules are localized mainly in the scrotum area.

The virus that causes smallpox has increased resistance to cold and dryness. It can remain viable for more than six months in animal feed, and remains active on their fur for more than 60 days. The pathogen dies under the influence ultraviolet irradiation and is unstable to acids. Smallpox can be contracted in three ways:

1. Airborne.
2. Through the skin if there is damage on it.
3. Nutritional – through food, objects.

Reasons

Outbreaks of true cowpox, called cowpox, have not been reported in Russia for many years, however, there have been cases of infection with the vaccinia virus, which spreads mainly after vaccination. This pathogen is similar to the one that causes smallpox in humans.

The causes of the disease are:

• Contact with a sick animal or person.
• Poor diet, lack of vitamins.
• The presence of provoking factors - keeping cows in cold, damp conditions.
• Lack of exercise.
• Poor ventilation in barns.
• Overcrowding of animals.

It has been established that outbreaks of smallpox are most often observed in the autumn-winter period, when animals are kept in a stall. Great crowding, dampness, draft, lack of fresh air lead to a decrease in immunity in cows, and this is main reason why animals cannot resist viral infections. If, on top of everything else, the cows are poorly fed, they don’t get sufficient quantity vitamins, the likelihood of infection increases significantly.

Symptoms

Smallpox is developing rapidly. Having penetrated the blood, the virus causes general weakness, fever up to 41.5 degrees, loss of appetite. After about two days from the onset of the disease, the temperature returns to normal and the animal feels better. Further development the disease occurs with visible symptoms:

1. So-called roseola - spots appear on the udder, other parts of the body and mucous membranes pink color.
2. After another two days, roseolas turn into compactions that rise above the skin; they have clearly defined red borders and a center that is slightly recessed.
3. The nodules are filled with light contents, they are called vesicles.
4. Vesicular formations gradually burst and become more dark color, become covered with crusts.
5. Closer to the final phase of the disease, the crusts and scabs disappear.

The disease, on average, lasts from 14 to 21 days, depending on the degree of resistance of the animal and the form of the disease. Since the udder of cows is predominantly affected, it becomes very painful when pockmarks form on it. A characteristic symptom This disease causes the animal to walk with its legs spread apart, trying to relieve its pain.

Attention! Cowpox is dangerous because pathogenic microflora - staphylococci, streptococci, coli. If this happens, there is a high chance of developing mastitis.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is made based on clinical manifestations illness and results laboratory research. Already at visual inspection in most cases it is clear that the animal is infected with smallpox, since papules and pustules have characteristic features– the middle of the formations is slightly recessed inward and resembles a navel. When diagnosing, it is important to exclude other diseases that are different stages currents are similar to smallpox:

• Foot and mouth disease.
• Neodular dermatitis.
• Scabies.
• Eczema.

If a veterinarian has difficulty making a diagnosis, it makes sense to take a sample of biomaterial and conduct a laboratory test. To diagnose the disease, blood and skin particles taken from papules are used. If an animal suffers from smallpox, antibodies to the virus will be found in its blood.

Attention! Antibodies in the blood of a sick cow will appear no earlier than 7–10 days after the pathogen enters the body. Previously, there is no point in taking blood for analysis.

The Paul biological test is another way to identify the virus. To do this, virus-containing material taken from a cow is introduced into the cornea of ​​a rabbit. After a few days, the corneal layer of the experimental animal is examined under a magnifying glass. If round nodules with a dot in the center appear on it, then the cow is infected with smallpox.

The third way to identify the smallpox virus is to study the structure of infected cells under a microscope. They have characteristic changes. For examination, pieces of skin are taken from the lesions.

Treatment

There are no special treatments for cowpox. The main measures are aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing the penetration of pathogenic microflora into pustules. Sick animals are immediately transferred to separate barns. The stall should be warm, dry, and must have soft and lush bedding.

Treatment includes providing sick animals with a nutritious diet and vitamin supplements, and also drinking plenty of fluids. This will help strengthen immune system so that the body can cope with the disease faster.

Antibiotics are used to prevent complications wide range:

• Bicillin.
• Epicurus.
• Oxytetracycline and others.

Reference. The dosage and duration of treatment will be determined by the veterinarian, taking into account the weight of the animal.

To speed up the regeneration process skin and to prevent the spread of infection, smallpox lesions are treated with ointments:

1. Bornoy.
2. Salicilova.
3. Zinkova.
4. Sintomycinova.

Various disinfecting solutions are also used to treat lesions. On the mucous membranes, pustules are lubricated with astringents herbal decoctions and disinfectants.

Reference. The prognosis for smallpox is favorable. Animals recover within 2-3 weeks and acquire lasting immunity to this disease.

Prevention

To prevent infection with smallpox in animals, vaccination of healthy animals is used. inactivated vaccines. It is important to observe a month-long quarantine for newly arrived cows on the farm. The import and acceptance of animals, equipment and feed from disadvantaged farms should not be allowed.

It is important timely diagnosis cases of disease within a farm. At the slightest suspicion of smallpox, sick individuals are separated from healthy ones, and the room is disinfected. To treat the floor and surfaces of the stall, use:

1. Hot solution of caustic soda in a concentration of 3-4%.
2. Formaldehyde (2%).
3. Bleached lime (2-3%).

Attention! Service personnel who come into contact with sick cows must follow preventive measures - disinfect their hands with a chloramine solution, and disinfect clothes and shoes in a special chamber.

If cases of smallpox are registered on a farm, quarantine is lifted 3 weeks after the last infected animal recovers. From this moment on, the farm is considered prosperous.

Cowpox, although it does not lead to the death of animals, still brings losses to farmers. Therefore, it is important to take all measures to protect the farm from this disease. The best prophylactic against smallpox is vaccination. After introducing inactivated microorganisms into the body, animals develop stable immunity to the pathogen.

Cowpox- an acute contagious disease caused by viruses, characterized by the formation of specific nodules, vesicles and pustules called pockmarks. The latter develop in stages, are localized mainly in the skin of the udder and teats of cows, and when the disease generalizes, on other parts of the body.

Etiology.
The causative agents are cowpox virus and vaccinia virus, which have morphological similarities but differ in biological properties. These viruses are classified as orthopoxviruses; they are detected by staining preparations according to Paschen, Morozov, Romanovsky, as well as by electron microscopy. Pathogenic for horses, camels, pigs, rabbits, chicken embryos, humans. During the eradication of human smallpox in connection with the use of vaccinia vaccine for immunization of people, enzootics caused by the vaccinia virus were often observed. After the eradication of human smallpox from the world in 1979, vaccination was stopped. Accordingly, cases of cowpox have decreased, but they are still periodically recorded on some farms. The reasons for their occurrence and the sources of preservation of cowpox pathogens in nature require further study.

Pathogenesis. Viruses enter the body through aerogenic and nutritional routes, through contact of sick animals with healthy ones, as well as through contaminated objects. Viruses are inactive outside the cell. Viruses that penetrate epithelial cells undergo deproteinization by cellular enzymes. The nucleoproteins and nucleic acids released during this process overcome the enzymatic activity of the cells, after which the reproduction of smallpox viruses begins in the epithelium of the skin and mucous membranes. In areas where viruses are located, it develops focal inflammation. In the skin and mucous membranes, changes characteristic of smallpox occur: first, focal redness appears - roseola, from which, after 1-3 days, dense, raised nodules - papules - form. The latter turn into vesicles and pustules. Smallpox viruses from the primary focus spread to surrounding tissues. From the skin and mucous membrane of the organ, viruses penetrate into regional lymph nodes, in the blood and internal organs. The period of viremia is usually short-term, characterized by fever, depression, changes in the blood and hematopoietic organs.

In the body of a susceptible animal, viruses, being antigens, stimulate immunological reactions. Anti-smallpox antibodies are produced in the spleen and lymph nodes. At the same time, in the lymph nodes regional to the areas of pockmark formation, proliferation of lymphoblasts that have antigenic information occurs and their transformation into plasma cells. Accordingly, during the body’s immune response, the number of plasmablasts, immature and mature plasma cells that produce specific anti-smallpox antibodies, increases in the lymph nodes and spleen. Lymph nodes increase in volume, become juicy and reddened.

Play an important role in smallpox cellular factors protection - macrophages and T-lymphocytes. Latest reactions cellular immunity transform into immunoblasts and immune lymphocytes, which have a cytopathogenic effect and the ability to destroy foreign antigens without the participation of antibodies. T lymphocytes act in conjunction with blood monocytes and macrophages. In addition, T lymphocytes secrete factors that stimulate cell proliferation and activate phagocytosis of macrophages.

In freeing the body from smallpox viruses, the role of macrophages of the reticulohistiocytic system is significant. It has been established that in the macrophages of non-immune animals, smallpox viruses multiply and cause the destruction of phagocytes, while in the cells of immune animals they do not multiply and disappear from the body relatively quickly. This is explained by the fact that in the macrophages of immune animals, smallpox viruses are neutralized, that is, complete phagocytosis occurs. However, the antiviral activity of micro- and macrophages is expressed differently. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils of immune animals do not destroy vaccinia viruses; only monocytes and lymphocytes have this property.

Part of an adult large cattle have a fairly pronounced protective cellular reaction and, in the absence of predisposing factors, transfer smallpox to mild form. In this case, a small number of papules are formed. The epithelium in the latter is exposed to partial necrosis and hyperkeratosis under the influence of the virus, and soon dries out, forming a crust. The papule decreases in volume, the scab disappears, the infiltrate resolves, and the skin structure is quickly restored.

Metabolic and feeding hygiene disorders, influence of others harmful factors external environment reduce activity cellular elements, including the glue of immune protection, in connection with this, the disease of smallpox occurs in a severe form. Smallpox is also difficult for calves that have organs at birth immune defense do not reach functional and morphological maturity.

The smallpox process can be complicated by secondary bacterial processes, which often cause the development of mastitis in sick cows; gastroenteritis, bronchopneumonia - in calves.

Clinical signs.
In sick cows, smallpox nodules appear in the skin of the udder and teats, sometimes in the head, neck, back and thighs. In bulls, a latent course is more often noted. In them, pockmarks form in the skin of the scrotum. Calves become infected through milk, and smallpox nodules often form in the mucous membrane of the mouth and near the edges of the lips. Sick cows show anxiety and do not allow staff to approach them. They stand with their limbs spread wide apart. When walking, put your feet to the side. The udder becomes painful, hard, milk production decreases, and the quality of milk deteriorates. In a severe generalized form of the disease with the formation of numerous pockmarks throughout the body, an increase in body temperature to 40-41 ° C, lethargy, and loss of appetite are noted. When milking, contact with bedding and other objects, the pockmarks are damaged, and bleeding wounds and scabs form in their place.

Pathological changes. Smallpox lesions are found in the skin. They are localized mainly on the udder and nipples, but often also in the head, neck, side surfaces of the body, chest, thighs, etc. The nodules that form are initially small, red or pink, and dense. Increasing in volume, they rise above the surrounding surface of the skin by 2-4 mm. Central part papules are covered with a thin gray crust, tightly attached to the skin. The incision shows that the scab is well demarcated from the underlying tissues. The cut surface is moist, and when pressed, a little cloudy gray-yellowish or greenish exudate is released. Papules located at close distances merge. In these cases pathological process spread over a large area where the skin is covered with massive, cracked scabs. The hair protruding from the depths of the crusts is stuck together and tousled. When removing the scab, a reddened, uneven surface of the skin is exposed, covered thin layer gray-greenish or gray-reddish cloudy sticky exudate. The hair is removed along with the scab. The epidermis under the scab is preserved in the marginal areas, and in the center of the nodules is separated along with the crust. Papules turn into vesicles and pustules. Vesicles are vesicles containing slightly cloudy serous exudate containing smallpox pathogens. Leukocyte emigration and formation large quantity purulent bodies in the cavity of the vesicle is accompanied by the transformation of the vesicle into a pustule. The cavity of the latter contains purulent exudate. The pustule is surrounded by a red rim and has a depression in its center.

In the disease caused by the cowpox virus, deeper tissue necrosis occurs. The pockmarks look flat and, as a result of hemorrhages and hemorrhagic infiltration, have a reddish-bluish color, turning into bluish-black. Nodules located close to each other merge, and cracks form on their surface. The dermis and subcutaneous tissue under such pockmarks are infiltrated and dense to the touch. Next to the pockmarks there may be boils, abscesses, and phlegmon.

In sick calves, nodules and ulcers with slightly raised edges are found in the mucous membrane of the mouth and pharynx. The lymph nodes regional to the sites of pockmark formation (supraduminal, submandibular, retropharyngeal, cervical, prescapular) are enlarged, reddened, shiny, juicy when cut, the surrounding tissue is swollen.

Pathohistological changes. Typical changes in smallpox develop in the skin. At the roseola stage, hyperemia, moderate lymphoid-histiocytic infiltration in non-rivascular zones of the dermis, emigration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and swelling of epithelial cells of the epidermis are noted. The intensification of these processes leads to the formation of a nodule (papule) in place of roseola. It reveals swelling and proliferation of epithelial cells, as a result of which the epidermis is thickened, the number of rows of cells in it is increased, finger-shaped, tree-like and flat outgrowths appear, embedded in the dermis (acanthosis). In epidermocytes, cytoplasmic inclusions - Guarnieri bodies - are oval, round, sickle-shaped. When stained according to Romanovsky - Giemsa, as well as under electron microscope cowpox virions are detected in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. The stratum corneum is massive, loose, some epidermocytes become keratinized while maintaining an elongated nucleus.

In the epidermis, individual epithelial cells and groups of cells are in a state of vacuolization. The latter are increased in volume, the cytoplasm is transparent, the nucleus is pyknotic and moved to the periphery. Vacuolization is replaced by reticulating degeneration. In such areas, the contours of the shell of epithelial cells are visible, the nucleus weakly perceives paints, or is lysed. Cell membranes under the influence of accumulating transparent liquid they are stretched and create a peculiar mesh structure in a cavity arising in the thickness of the epidermis. Between epithelial cells many polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes. In the dermis, the exudative reaction is expressed in the form of hyperemia, stasis, increased vascular permeability, release of blood plasma from the vessels, and emigration of leukocytes. The collagen fibers in the subepidermal zone are swollen, separated from each other, between them there are plasma fluid, neutrophilic leukocytes, and macrophages. Epithelial vaginas hair follicles thickened, many cells are in a state of vacuolar degeneration. The lumens of some follicles are expanded, in them different quantity purulent bodies. There are no hair shafts.

At the pustule stage, the epithelium and underlying connective tissue undergo necrosis as a result toxic effects smallpox viruses and accompanying microflora, as well as enzymatic activity leukocytes. Thus, pustules are purulent necrotizing pockmarks. On top they are covered with a crust formed as a result of hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis of the epidermis, sweating of exudate, necrosis of the cellular elements of the epidermis.

With smallpox caused by the true cowpox virus, necrosis of the epidermis is more pronounced, and the latter is absent in a significant area. The dermis is bare, infiltrated with erythrocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and lymphocytes. Vessels of all sizes are sharply dilated and overflowing with blood.

The diagnosis is made based on the results of clinical, pathomorphological and laboratory studies, taking into account epidemiological data. Detection of cytoplasmic inclusions - Guarnieri bodies and elementary viral particles from papules with characteristic pathomorphological changes in the skin is the basis for establishing smallpox. Imprint preparations are stained according to Morozov or Romanovsky-Giemsa. Viral particles are black or blue-violet in color, round shape, are located in groups or in the form of large clusters.

Paravaccine should also be differentiated from smallpox. Foot and mouth disease is characterized by the formation of aphthae on the mucous membrane of the tongue, gums, cheeks, vestibule of the mouth, and skin of the fingers. Unlike smallpox, it is slow and benign.

Cowpox- spicy infectious disease of zoonotic origin with a contact mechanism of transmission of the pathogen, characterized by fever, intoxication and the appearance of pustular rashes at the sites of introduction of the pathogen.

Etiology

The causative agent is a virus similar in morphology, biological and antigenic properties to the smallpox virus.

Epidemiology

The source of the pathogen for humans are sick cows that have characteristic pustules on the udder. Infection occurs by contact when caring for cows and milking sick animals. Damage to the skin promotes infection. Infection from a sick person is possible, but does not have significant epidemiological significance.

Clinical picture

Duration incubation period unknown. In the absence of immunity against smallpox, the disease begins acutely with chills, headache, myalgia, lower back pain, and an increase in body temperature to 38-39 ° C for 3-5 days. Dense papules appear on the hands, less often forearms, face, legs, which after 2 days turn into vesicles, then pustules, practically no different from pustules with smallpox.

After 3-4 days, the pustules open, become covered with a crust, after which a superficial scar remains.

Some patients have lymphadenitis and lymphangitis. As a result of inoculation, secondary pustules may appear located on various parts bodies. The number of elements ranges from 2-3 to several dozen. If there is immunity (vaccination) against smallpox, there is no fever or intoxication.

Complications: keratitis, encephalitis, abscesses, phlegmon.

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis

The diagnosis is made based on the presence of characteristic pustules and contact with sick cows. To confirm the diagnosis, virological and serological methods. Differential diagnosis carried out with smallpox, paravaccine, anthrax, pyoderma.

Treatment symptomatic (treatment of rash elements with brilliant green, detoxification).

Forecast favorable, deaths rare (encephalitis).

Prevention comes down to following the rules for caring for sick animals, involving persons vaccinated against smallpox in their care, using special clothing, and treating hands with chloramine. Milk from sick animals must be boiled for 10 minutes.

Yushchuk N.D., Vengerov Yu.Ya.

Kira Stoletova

Cowpox (cowpox) - viral disease. The virus most often affects the skin of the udder, lips, mucous membranes of the mouth and nose. Healthy individuals can contract the infection through contact with infected individuals. To keep your animal safe, you must follow sanitary standards and rules for keeping cattle. The disease in cows can be cured with antibiotics and folk remedies.

What is chickenpox in a cow, what is its treatment, how are cows and humanpox related? To get rid of this disease, you need to know the signs of the development of the disease and what consequences the lack of treatment can lead to.

Etiology of cowpox

Smallpox most often affects adult dairy cows. The etiology of the viral cowpox disease is as follows: the disease is caused by DNA viruses of the Chordopoxvirinae subfamily. The cowpox virus is made up of many chemical components. When the pathogen enters the body, it is localized in the cells of the integumentary tissue (skin, mucous membranes).

The cowpox virus can infect not only cattle, but also goats, pigs, horses, rabbits, guinea pigs. People are also susceptible to the disease.

The infection is transmitted in the following ways:

1. Airborne and contact. The virus penetrates into external environment with mucous secretions, with crusts of dead epidermis.
2. For insect bites. They can be carriers of the disease; foreign DNA persists in the body of arthropods for up to 100 days.
3. From rats and mice. Rodents release the virus into food, hay, and water.
4. Through veterinary equipment, automatic milking machines.

The virus gets inside the damaged skin of the udder, then smallpox develops on the cow's udder. If an animal has a deficiency of vitamin A, the pathogen is able to penetrate the epidermis without compromising its integrity. In calves, the virus will enter the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose.

Symptoms of cowpox

How cowpox develops and its symptoms appear depends on the method of entry of the virus into the body, the virulence of the strain, and the health status of the animal. It usually takes 4-9 days from the day of infection for the first symptoms to appear. The disease is acute and very rarely progresses to chronic form. In bulls, the course of the disease is hidden, signs appear rarely. Cowpox has symptoms similar to human form illness.

Symptoms of the cow form of the disease:

1. Decreased interest in food.
2. Lethargy, anxiety, sometimes aggression.
3. Persistent hyperthermia up to 40°C.
4. Reduced milk yield. Inflammation of the breast tissue develops, and lactation becomes difficult.
5. The skin of the udder and nipples swell.
6. Inflammation on the udder, mucous membranes in the mouth, nasal passages, and in bulls - on the scrotum. The inflammatory process manifests itself as a red rash or spots.
7. When walking, the animal spreads its hind legs wide apart.

Inflammation begins with small reddish spots. After two days, papules grow from the spots. A papule is a nodular growth. After 24 hours, the inflammation enters the vesicular stage. The disease is concentrated inside the vesicles, and immune cells and lymphocytes are released there. Gradually, pus accumulates in the vesicles. This is the result of the activity of lymphocytes. Pus is made up of proteins dead virus, blood albumin, waste immune cells. The pustular stage begins. Pustules have a round or elongated shape. They are surrounded by a red rim and deepened in the middle.

Pox on a cow's udder may appear as a small number of pustules. The pus inside the bladder dries out on the 12th day, and a scab of dead skin cells appears. At severe course disease, the number of nodules is large, they merge into one whole. The skin under the ulcers is inflamed and hard to the touch.

You can see what the udder of cows looks like with smallpox in the photo.

Disease prognosis

The prognosis for cow disease is favorable in most cases, but if treatment is not started in a timely manner, serious complications can arise.

If cow pox is mild, inflammatory process ends in 20 days or a month. In severe cases of the disease, recovery takes up to 2 months.

In calves, the virus multiplies in the mucous membranes respiratory tract. At untimely treatment the pathogen enters gastrointestinal tract. Complications of the disease in calves:

1. bronchopneumonia;
2. gastroenteritis.

If red spots appear on any part of the cattle’s body, you need to isolate the animal and call a veterinarian to diagnose accurate diagnosis cowpox. Treatment must be started immediately.

Diagnosis of cowpox

Diagnosis of cow viral disease conducts veterinarian based on clinical signs and test results. For analysis use:

1. Blood (tested for the presence of antibodies).
2. Liquid from vesicles.
3. Smears from the surface of opened papules.

The contents of the bubbles are examined for the presence of a virus. cowpox. IN veterinary laboratory the biomaterial is cultivated. The strain of the virus and the degree of its danger are determined.

During initial examination It is important to distinguish this disease from foot and mouth disease. In case of foot and mouth disease in cattle (cattle), aphthae are formed in the space between the hooves of the nasal passages - blisters with clear liquid. The contents of the aft darken within 2 days and come out. Ulcers remain on the mucous membranes.

Treatment of cowpox

After a diagnosis of cowpox has been established, the sick animal is removed from the herd. This is important to protect livestock from contracting the virus. It is necessary to provide proper care for the cow, regularly ventilate the premises, carry out disinfection, and increase the number of feedings.

How to treat cowpox? If smallpox in cows is localized only on the udder, treatment methods are used:

1. Drug therapy. Treatment of cows with smallpox involves the administration of antibiotics. Antibiotics for chickenpox in cows have both a therapeutic and prophylactic function.
2. Local disinfection, cauterization of ulcers. Tincture of potassium iodide, borax, chloramine (3% solution) is used.
3. Wound healing. Use Vaseline ichthyol ointment. Cowpox shows signs of irritation and inflammation on the delicate skin of the udder. The first stage is blisters, a rash, the second stage is the appearance of wounds, the third stage is purulent wounds.
4. Softening the skin. Use ointments with vegetable oils and glycerin.

If the inflammatory process occurs in the nasal passages, use a 3% solution boric acid for washing. Treatment of cowpox with folk remedies is popular.

A sick animal is given elderberry leaves, garlic cloves, blackberry and linden leaves along with food.

The udder is treated with a decoction of a mixture of elderberry and sorrel leaves. They are combined in equal proportions and cut into small pieces. Then the raw material is poured with a liter of water and boiled in a water bath. The wounds are washed daily. After past infection The animal develops lifelong immunity.

What to do with the milk of a sick cow

If a cow is infected with a virus, her milk yield is greatly reduced, but milk must be milked every day. The pathogen settles in the epithelial cells of the udder and can enter the milk. A person is sensitive to the pathogen, so you cannot drink raw milk, only boiled milk for 5-7 minutes. Also, the product should not be consumed while cattle are being treated with antibiotics. This can lead to dysbiosis and allergies.

On large farms, milk from sick cows and animals that have been in contact with them must be pasteurized. It is used to feed young animals.

Prevention

To avoid infection of cattle with this virus on large farms and small households, you must follow the rules of prevention. Exactly preventive measures will help protect against an accidental outbreak of the disease. Chicken pox in cows it is special shape disease, its treatment requires special medicine and prevention standards.

Prevention of infection in cattle:

1. Do not purchase or import animals from farms where epidemics have been recorded viral infection. Buy food and equipment only from trusted people.
2. Purchased cattle must be kept in quarantine for a month. During this period it is important to full examination animals.
3. Maintain the condition of barns and pastures in accordance with the requirements of sanitary standards.
4. Make sure that only disinfected veterinary instruments and household equipment are used.
5. If outbreaks of livestock disease are recorded in the area where the farm is located, the entire livestock must be vaccinated. A live virus vaccine is used.

One of the important preventive measures is correct content sick animals. It is very important to limit as much as possible the contact of infected livestock with healthy animals in the farmyard. If you do not do this, there is a risk of rapid spread of the disease to the entire livestock yard.

1. Infected cows, bulls or calves are placed in a room separate from the general herd. It shouldn't be damp, cold or hot. It is necessary to ensure a temperature of 20-25°C and good ventilation. In such conditions, livestock feels comfortable, and treatment of cows with smallpox is accelerated.
2. Workers who have been vaccinated against the virus must care for sick individuals.
3. The premises are cleaned and sanitized 5 days after each opening of the abscesses. Disinfect the barn with hot alkali (4%), 2% formaldehyde or 20% slaked lime solution. It is also necessary to disinfect manure to avoid infection of animals through the fecal-oral route. The manure is treated with bleach or simply burned.
4. Milk tankers treat milk storage containers with chloramine or sodium hypochlorite.

If cases of cowpox are recorded on the farm, the owner and the veterinary service are required to report this to the relevant supervisory authorities. Sanitary restrictions are imposed on the farm, which are lifted 21 days after the livestock recovers, if there are no new cases of infection. Final disinfection is carried out for prevention in all premises where livestock are kept.

Safe work with livestock

To prevent smallpox from cows on the udder from being transmitted to humans, simple preventive measures must be followed. On large farms, all workers are mandatory are vaccinated against cowpox. After vaccination, a person is exempt from working with animals for 14 days, if the reaction is normal. If the reaction to the vaccine is complicated, then you can begin your duties only after complete recovery.

In small households, milkmaids must work in clean special clothing, which remains within the barn and is not taken home. Before milking, be sure to wash your hands and handle the cow's udder warm water and lubricate with disinfectants.

Cow diseases. Udder diaper rash.Diseases of the cows. Intertrigo udder.

udder dermatitis in a cow 2017

If after working with a cow a red rash or blisters appear on your hands, you need to see a doctor and call a veterinarian to examine the livestock. Also, the owner should immediately be examined by a dermatologist, because such a rash is a direct threat to humans.

Conclusion

Cowpox has a viral etiology. Signs of the disease are a red rash, purulent blisters on the skin and mucous membranes of cattle. Before treating cowpox, animals are isolated from the general herd.

Treatment of a cow with smallpox requires injections of antibiotics and regular treatment of inflamed tissues with antiseptics. The cowpox virus can infect humans, so compulsory vaccination is carried out on large farms.

ANIMAL POX in humans- infectious disease viral nature from the group of zoonoses; humans are susceptible to the cow and monkeypox virus and immune to the swine, sheep, bird and other poxviruses.

Cowpox

The source of infectious agents is often sick cows. Infection of people occurs through contact. Milkmaids usually get sick. Infection with cowpox from a sick person, if possible, does not have significant epidemiol. The course of the disease depends on the state of the anti-smallpox infection. When it weakens, the disease develops acutely, the temperature rises to 38° and above, chills, pain in the muscles and lower back appear. High temperature lasts 3-5 days. On the skin of the hands, less often on the forearms and face, a few dense papules (see) of copper-red color, 2-3 mm in size, form. After 2-3 days, the spots turn into itchy vesicles (see), surrounded by a halo of hyperemia, and then into pustules (see), which become covered with crusts after 3-4 days, which after 3-4 weeks. disappear, sometimes leaving minor scars.

In the absence of immunity, the disease can be severe, with pronounced intoxication (see) in the first days. In these cases, the exanthema is usually limited to a few morphological elements of the rash on the hands, but a generalized process can also develop, especially when concomitant diseases skin. The disease can be complicated by encephalitis (see Encephalitis), keratitis (see), as well as an abscess or phlegmon subcutaneous tissue(see Abscess, Cellulitis).

Treatment consists of lubricating the elements of the rash with potassium permanganate or brilliant green solutions. For more severe cases, use metisazon 0.6 g 2 times a day for 4-6 days. and hyperimmune anti-smallpox gamma globulin (1 ml per 1 kg of body weight). The prognosis in the absence of complications is favorable.

Prevention consists of observing sanitary hygiene. rules for caring for animals. To care for sick animals, separate personnel are allocated, vaccinated against smallpox, who are provided with special clothing and footwear; After work, hand disinfection is necessary with 3% chloramine solution; work clothes are soaked for 2 hours. in a disinfectant solution or boil for 30 minutes, wipe the shoes with 3% chloramine solution. Milk from sick cows is allowed to be consumed only after boiling for 10 minutes.

Monkeypox

The source of infection has not been definitively established; it is assumed that it is monkeys. Human infection is likely to occur by airborne droplets. People with monkeypox can also be a source of infection. The disease develops acutely, chills appear, body temperature rises and remains at high levels for 2-3 days. During this period, symptoms of intoxication are expressed: headache, dizziness, anorexia, vomiting, lower back pain. On the 3-4th day of illness, the temperature drops, the symptoms of intoxication disappear and a rash in the form of spots appears on the oral mucosa: cavity, pharynx, eyes and scalp. The rash subsequently spreads throughout the body, including the palms and soles, and is accompanied by itching. The rash is most abundant on the extremities. In the process of development, the elements of the rash go through the same stages as with smallpox (spot - papule - vesicle - pustule - crust - scar), but for more short term. During the period of pustulation, the temperature rises again to high numbers (second wave). General condition worsens due to increasing intoxication. As the pustules dry out and crusts form, starting from the 9-10th day of illness, intoxication weakens and recovery occurs. Falling off crusts leave behind shallow, round scars. Complications caused by bacterial flora are possible - pyoderma (see), erysipelas (see), etc.

There are no specific treatments. The main attention is paid to sanitary hygiene. regimen, attentive care for the patient. They use symptomatic and pathogenetic drugs (sedatives, analgesics, cardiovascular drugs, etc.). To prevent complications caused by bacterial flora, broad-spectrum antibiotics are used.

The prognosis is favorable; in severe cases it is serious, with possible fatal outcomes.

In laboratories where work is carried out with the monkeypox virus, as well as in vivariums, when monkeys become infected with smallpox, employees of these institutions are vaccinated with smallpox vaccine (see Smallpox vaccination). When the disease is brought into the country, the staff of the hospital where the patient is hospitalized and those who interacted with the patient are vaccinated with smallpox vaccine.

Bibliography: Ladny I. D., Ziegler P. and Kima E. Infection of humans with monkeypox virus in the territory of Basankusu, Democratic Republic Congo, Bull. WHO, vol. 46, no. 5, p. 581,. 1973; Marennikova S.S. et al. Isolation and properties of the causative agent of a new smallpox-like disease in humans (monkeypox), ibid., p. 46, no. 5, p. 586, 1973; X about r about sh and in and V. I. and Mo* roz P. T. About diseases of cattle and people with cowpox in the Amur region, Dokl. Irkutsk, Antiplague Institute, ed. I. V. Do-maradsky and others, c. 3, p. 47, Khabarovsk, 1962; G i sp e n R. a. B g a n d - S a-a t h o f B. Three specific antigens produced in vaccinia, variola and monkeypox infections, J. infect. Dis., v. 129, p. 289, 1974; Marennikova S. S., Gur-vich E. B. a. S h e 1 u k h i n a E. M. Comparison of the properties of five pox virus strains isolated from monkeys, Arch, ges. Yirusforsch., Bd 33, S. 201, 1971.

N. V. Astafieva, I. D. Ladny.