What pharmacological effects does ephedrine cause? Ephedrine - instructions for use, analogs, reviews and release forms (injections in ampoules for injection hydrochloride, tablets) of the drug for the treatment of arterial hypotension, bronchial asthma and rhinitis in adults
R03CK (Sympathomimetics in combination with other drugs)
R05DB20 (Combination drugs)
C01CA26 (Ephedrine)
R03DA54 (Theophylline in combination with other drugs (excluding psycholeptics))
R03DX (Other drugs for the treatment of bronchial asthma for systemic use)
Analogues of the drug according to ATC codes:
You should consult your doctor before using EPHEDRINE. These instructions for use are for informational purposes only. For more complete information, please refer to the manufacturer's instructions.
Clinical and pharmacological groups
01.010 (Alpha-, beta-adrenergic agonist)
12.001 (Bronchodilator)
12.044 (Drug with antitussive and bronchodilator effects)
Pharmacological action
Sympathomimetic (indirect-acting adrenergic agonist); an alkaloid obtained from various species of ephedra (Ephedra L.) of the ephedra family (Ephedraceae). Ephedrine, found in plants, is a levorotatory isomer. A racemate has been synthetically obtained, which is inferior in activity to the levorotatory isomer.
After the administration of ephedrine, α- and β-adrenergic receptors are excited: acting on varicose thickenings of efferent adrenergic fibers, ephedrine promotes the release of the mediator norepinephrine into the synaptic cleft. In addition, it has a weak stimulating effect directly on adrenergic receptors.
Stimulates the activity of the heart (increases the frequency and strength of contractions), facilitates AV conduction, increases blood pressure, causes a bronchodilator effect, suppresses intestinal motility, dilates the pupil (without affecting accommodation and intraocular pressure), increases the tone of skeletal muscles, causes hyperglycemia.
Unlike epinephrine, the effect of ephedrine develops slowly but lasts longer. With repeated administration of ephedrine at a short interval (10-30 minutes), its pressor effect quickly decreases - tachyphylaxis (rapid addiction) occurs, associated with a progressive decrease in norepinephrine reserves in varicose thickenings.
Ephedrine stimulates the central nervous system and is similar in psychostimulating effect to phenamine.
Inhibits the activity of MAO and COMT.
Pharmacokinetics
Metabolized in small quantities in the liver. T1/2 is 3-6 hours. It is excreted by the kidneys, mainly unchanged.
EPHEDRINE: DOSAGE
For adults, 20-50 mg is administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously; orally - 25-50 mg 2-3 times/day.
For local use, the dosage regimen is individual.
Maximum doses: for adults, when taken orally and subcutaneously, a single dose is 50 mg, a daily dose is 150 mg.
Drug interactions
Ephedrine weakens the effect of opioid analgesics and other CNS depressants.
When used simultaneously with non-selective beta-blockers and nitrates, the therapeutic effect is weakened (blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors can lead to the predominance of alpha-adrenergic activity with the risk of developing arterial hypertension and pronounced bradycardia with the possible development of heart block; blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors also prevents beta2- adrenergic bronchodilator effect).
Drugs that alkalinize urine (including antacids containing calcium and magnesium ions, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, citrates, sodium bicarbonate) increase T1/2 of ephedrine and the risk of intoxication.
When used simultaneously with cardiac glycosides, quinidine, tricyclic antidepressants, dopamine, inhalation anesthesia agents (chloroform, enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane, trichlorethylene), the risk of developing severe ventricular arrhythmias increases; with other sympathomimetics - increased severity of side effects from the cardiovascular system; with antihypertensive drugs (including sympatholytics, diuretics, rauwolfia alkaloids) - decreased hypotensive effect.
Simultaneous use with bronchodilators and beta-agonists may result in additional excessive stimulation of the central nervous system, which can cause increased excitability, irritability, insomnia, convulsions, and arrhythmias.
When used simultaneously with reserpine and MAO inhibitors (including furazolidone, procarbazine, selegiline), headache, heart rhythm disturbances, vomiting, a sudden and pronounced increase in blood pressure, and hyperpyretic crisis are possible; with phenytoin - a sudden decrease in blood pressure and bradycardia (depending on the dose and rate of administration); with thyroid hormone preparations - mutual enhancement of action.
Increases the metabolic clearance of GCS and ACTH with long-term use (dosage adjustment may be required). Ergometrine, ergotamine, methylergometrine, oxytocin increase the vasoconstrictor effect and the risk of ischemia and gangrene.
Levodopa increases the risk of developing arrhythmias (reducing the dose of the sympathomimetic is required).
Increases the stimulating effect on the central nervous system and the risk of toxic effects of xanthines (including aminophylline, theophylline, caffeine).
Cocaine enhances the stimulating effect on the central nervous system and cardiovascular system.
Pregnancy and lactation
The use of ephedrine during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding) is possible only if the potential benefit to the mother outweighs the possible risk to the fetus or infant.
EPHEDRINE: SIDE EFFECTS
From the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system: headache, sleep disturbance, weakness, nervousness, restlessness, dizziness, convulsions, muscle spasms, tremors, numbness of the arms or legs, drowsiness, dilated pupils, blurred vision; when used in high doses - hallucinations, changes in mood or psyche.
From the cardiovascular system: angina pectoris, bradycardia or tachycardia, palpitations, increased or decreased blood pressure, ventricular arrhythmias, discomfort or pain in the chest, unusual hemorrhages, flushing of the facial skin, narrowing of peripheral vessels.
From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, dryness or irritation of the mouth or pharynx (with parenteral use), loss of appetite, heartburn.
From the urinary system: difficult and painful urination.
Other: increased sweating, pale skin, allergic reactions, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, chills, hyperthermia; local reactions - pain or burning at the site of intramuscular injection.
Indications
Arterial hypotension during surgical operations (especially during spinal anesthesia), trauma, blood loss, infectious diseases.
Bronchial asthma and other obstructive airway diseases, vasomotor and allergic rhinitis, sinusitis (for vasoconstriction of the nasal mucosa), serum sickness, urticaria and other allergic conditions.
Narcolepsy, enuresis (as a result of the stimulating effect on the central nervous system, sleep becomes less deep, waking up becomes easier when the urge to urinate appears), myasthenia gravis.
In ophthalmological practice: to dilate the pupil for diagnostic purposes.
Contraindications
Uncontrolled arterial hypertension and tachycardia, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, insomnia, pheochromocytoma, ventricular fibrillation.
Special instructions
Use with caution in metabolic acidosis, hypercapnia, hypoxia, atrial fibrillation, closed-angle glaucoma, pulmonary hypertension, hypovolemia, myocardial infarction, occlusive vascular diseases (including a history of): arterial embolism, atherosclerosis, Buerger's disease, frostbite, diabetic endarteritis , Raynaud's disease; diseases of the cardiovascular system (including angina pectoris, tachyarrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, coronary insufficiency, arterial hypertension), diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, simultaneous use of inhalation anesthesia.
To avoid disrupting nighttime sleep, do not use ephedrine or medications containing it at the end of the day or before bedtime.
It is not advisable to use for a long time. Due to its stimulant effect on the central nervous system, ephedrine can be abused.
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EPHEDRINE(pharmacological analogues: neophedrine etc.) is an alkaloid of the ephedra plant. In medical practice, ephedrine hydrochloride is used; Unlike adrenaline, ephedrine acts on the presynaptic part of the synapse and stimulates the release of norepinephrine, which has an effect on adrenergic receptors. Another component in the mechanism of action of ephedrine is its ability to directly exert a weak stimulating effect on adrenergic receptors. In general, while giving the same effects as adrenaline, ephedrine is significantly inferior to it in activity. An exception is the stimulating effect of ephedrine on the central nervous system, which exceeds the effect of adrenaline, since ephedrine penetrates the blood-brain barrier better. When ephedrine is reintroduced into the body after a short interval of time, tachyphylaxis is possible. This effect is associated with a decrease in the content of deposited norepinephrine in the presynaptic part of the synapse as a result of its increased release under the influence of ephedrine. In order for norepinephrine reserves to be replenished and the drug to exert its therapeutic effect, ephedrine should be prescribed at intervals between doses of more than 30 minutes.
The effect of ephedrine on the eye is somewhat different from adrenaline: it, like adrenaline, dilates the pupils, but does not affect accommodation and intraocular pressure. Ephedrine has a longer-lasting effect on blood pressure than adrenaline. Unlike adrenaline, it remains active when taken orally. Ephedrine is deaminated in the liver, but it is resistant to MAO. About half of a single dose is excreted by the kidneys - unchanged. Ephedrine is used to treat bronchial asthma, urticaria and other allergic diseases, rhinitis, arterial hypotension, in ophthalmological practice to dilate the pupil for diagnostic purposes, etc. Side effects when using ephedrine: tachycardia, nausea, insomnia, nervous agitation, tremor, delay urine. Contraindications to the use of ephedrine: atherosclerosis and hypertension, hyperthyroidism, organic heart disease, pregnancy. Ephedrine release form: powder; tablets 0.025 g and 0.01 g; tablets of 0.01 g with diphenhydramine (0.01 g each); 1 ml ampoules and syringe tubes with 5% solution; bottles of 10 ml of 2% and 3% solutions. According to one prescription, dispense no more than 0.6 g (in terms of pure substance), leave the prescription at the pharmacy! List B.
Example of an ephedrine recipe in Latin:
Rp.: Tab. Ephedrini hydrochloridi 0.025 N. 10
D.S. 1 tablet 2-3 times a day.
Rp.: Sol. Ephedrini hydrochloridi 5% 1 ml
D.t. d. N. 10 in ampull.
S. 0.5-1 ml under the skin 1-2 times a day.
Rp.: Sol. Ephedrini hydrochloridi 2% (3%) 10 ml
D.S. Nasal drops. 5 drops every 3-4 hours.
DEPHEDRINE- is close in action to ephedrine, but is less active, but also less toxic. Defedrine is used for mild and moderate forms of bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis. Defedrine is prescribed orally at 0.03-0.06 g 2-3 times a day. The course of treatment is 10-20 days. Side effects of dephedrine and contraindications for use are the same as for ephedrine. Release form of dephedrine: tablets of 0.03 g. List B.
THEOPHEDRINE- a combined preparation containing ephedrine hydrochloride 0.02 g, theophylline 0.05 g, theobromine 0.05 g, caffeine 0.05 g, amidopyrine 0.2 g, phenacetin 0.2 g, phenobarbital 0.02 g, belladonna extract 0.004 g, cytisine 0.0001 g. Theophedrine is used as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for bronchial asthma. Prescribe 1/2 or 1 tablet 1 time per day. Theophedrine release form: tablets. List B.
EFATIN- an aerosol preparation containing ephedrine hydrochloride 0.05 g, atropine sulfate 0.02 g, novocaine 0.04 g, ethanol up to 10 ml, freon 12-20 g. Efatin is used for bronchial asthma, to relieve asthmatic conditions in bronchitis, pneumonia , emphysema, etc. Efatin is used in the form of inhalations 1-5 times a day. Contraindications to the use of efatin are the same as for the components that make up the drug. Release form of efatin: 30 ml aerosol cans with a sprayer. Form A.
COFFEX- a combination preparation containing ephedrine hydrochloride, ammonium chloride and ipecac (syrup). Coffex has a bronchodilator and expectorant effect. Coffex is prescribed for diseases of the lungs and upper respiratory tract. Koffex release form: 100 ml bottles.
SOLUTAN- a combination drug that contains ephedrine hydrochloride (17.5 mg per 1 ml), belladonna root alkaloid - radobelin (0.1 mg per 1 ml) and other components. Solutan is used as an expectorant and bronchodilator for bronchial asthma and bronchitis (10-30 drops 3 times a day). Side effects when using solutan: dilated pupils, dry mouth. Solutan is contraindicated in glaucoma. Solutan a release form: 50 ml bottles. List B.
Gross formula
C10H15NOPharmacological group of the substance Ephedrine
Nosological classification (ICD-10)
CAS code
299-42-3Characteristics of the substance Ephedrine
Ephedrine is an alkaloid found in various types of ephedra. (Ephedra L.), Ephedra family (Ephedraceae).
Ephedrine hydrochloride is white needle-shaped crystals and white crystalline powder with a bitter taste. Easily soluble in water (1:5), soluble in alcohol (1:14), practically insoluble in ether and chloroform.
Pharmacology
Pharmacological action- vasoconstrictor, hypertensive, bronchodilator, hyperglycemic, psychostimulant.Stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors, inhibits the activity of MAO and catecholamine orthomethyl transferase. It has a positive ino-, chrono-, dromo- and bathmotropic effect.
Use of the substance Ephedrine
Bronchial asthma, hay fever, urticaria, serum sickness and other allergic diseases, rhinitis, hypotension (surgeries, spinal anesthesia, trauma, blood loss, infectious diseases, hypotension, etc.), narcolepsy, poisoning with sleeping pills and narcotics, enuresis; locally - as a vasoconstrictor, to dilate the pupil (for diagnostic purposes).
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, insomnia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, organic heart disease, hyperthyroidism.
Side effects of the substance Ephedrine
Mild trembling, palpitations (15-30 minutes after ingestion); sleep disturbance, increased blood pressure, nervous agitation, tremor, urinary retention, loss of appetite, vomiting, increased sweating, insomnia, rash.
Filterable list
Instructions for medical use
Ephedrine
Instructions for medical use - RU No. LP-000377
Last modified date: 29.03.2017
Dosage form
Solution for injection
Compound
1 ml of solution contains:
Active ingredient:
Ephedrine hydrochloride – 50 mg.
Excipient :
Water for injection – up to 1 ml
Description of the dosage form
Transparent colorless liquid.
Pharmacological group
Sympathomimetic agent.
Pharmacodynamics
Sympathomimetic, stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. Acting on varicose thickenings of efferent adrenergic fibers, it promotes the release of norepinephrine into the synaptic cleft. In addition, it has a weak stimulating effect directly on adrenergic receptors. Causes vasoconstrictor, bronchodilator and psychostimulating effects. Increases total peripheral vascular resistance and systemic blood pressure, increases minute blood volume, number of heart contractions and strength of heart contractions, improves atrioventricular conduction; increases skeletal muscle tone and blood glucose concentration; inhibits intestinal motility, dilates the pupil (without affecting accommodation and intraocular pressure). Stimulates the central nervous system; its psychostimulating effect is similar to phenamine. Inhibits the activity of monoamine oxidase and catecholamine-O-methyltransferase. It has a stimulating effect on alpha-adrenergic receptors of blood vessels in the skin, causing constriction of dilated vessels, thus reducing their increased permeability, leading to a decrease in swelling in urticaria.
The onset of the therapeutic effect with intramuscular administration of 25-50 mg is after 10-20 minutes, the duration of action is 0.5-1 hour. With repeated administration at a short interval (10-30 minutes), the pressor effect of ephedrine quickly decreases (tachyphylaxis associated with with a progressive decrease in norepinephrine reserves in varicose thickenings).
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption after intramuscular or subcutaneous administration is rapid.
Metabolized in small quantities in the liver. The half-life at urine pH 5 is 3 hours, at urine pH 6.3 -6 hours.
It is excreted by the kidneys, mainly unchanged. The amount of drug excreted depends on the pH of the urine and increases when the pH of the urine shifts to the acidic side.
Indications
Arterial hypotension (collapse, shock, surgical interventions, spinal anesthesia, trauma, blood loss, bacteremia, overdose of ganglion blockers, adrenergic blockers and other antihypertensive drugs); uncontrolled sympathetic block with various types of central segmental blocks.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, insomnia, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, pheochromocytoma, ventricular fibrillation, uncontrolled hypertension and tachycardia.
With caution:
Metabolic acidosis, hypercapnia, hypoxia, atrial fibrillation, angle-closure glaucoma, pulmonary hypertension, hypovolemia, myocardial infarction, occlusive vascular diseases (including a history): arterial embolism, atherosclerosis, Buerger's disease, frostbite, diabetic endarteritis, Raynaud's disease; diseases of the cardiovascular system (including angina pectoris, tachyarrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, coronary insufficiency, arterial hypertension), diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, simultaneous use of inhalation anesthesia.
If you have one of the listed diseases, be sure to consult your doctor before taking the drug.
Directions for use and doses
Subcutaneously, intravenously and intramuscularly. The route of administration depends on the indications. In case of acute decrease in blood pressure, slow intravenous administration is indicated; for infectious diseases, before spinal anesthesia - subcutaneous or intramuscular administration.
Ephedrine is administered intravenously as a stream or drip. For a one-step injection, 0.02-0.05 g (0.4-1 ml of a solution with a concentration of 50 mg/ml) is administered slowly in a stream.
When administered by drip, ephedrine is used in an isotonic solution of sodium chloride in a total dose of 0.06-0.08 g; the amount of isotonic solution is from 100 to 800 ml.
For subcutaneous administration, use 0.02-0.05 g (0.4-1 ml) of a solution with a concentration of 50 mg/ml 1-2 times a day.
To prevent a decrease in blood pressure during spinal anesthesia, 1 ml of a solution with a concentration of 50 mg/ml is injected under the skin 10-30 minutes before the start of anesthesia.
Higher doses of ephedrine for adults with subcutaneous administration: single - 0.05 g, daily - 0.1 g.
Side effects
From the nervous system and sensory organs: more often- headache, sleep disturbance; less often- weakness, nervousness, restlessness, dizziness; frequency unknown- convulsions, muscle spasms, tremors, numbness of the arms or legs, drowsiness; when used in high doses - hallucinations, changes in mood or psyche.
From the cardiovascular system: less often- angina pectoris, bradycardia or tachycardia, palpitations, increased or decreased blood pressure, at high doses - ventricular arrhythmias; rarely- feeling of discomfort or pain in the chest; frequency unknown- unusual hemorrhages, flushing of the facial skin.
From the digestive system: more often- nausea, vomiting; less often- dryness or irritation of the mouth or throat, loss of appetite; frequency unknown - heartburn.
From the urinary system: less often- difficult and painful urination.
Local reactions: pain or burning at the site of intramuscular injection.
Other: less often- increased sweating, pale skin; narrowing of peripheral blood vessels, allergic reactions, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, chills, hyperthermia, dilated pupils, blurred vision.
If any of the side effects indicated in the instructions get worse, or you notice any other side effects not listed in the instructions, tell your doctor about it .
Overdose
Symptoms: severe weakness, agitation, insomnia, urinary retention, excessive increase in blood pressure, decreased appetite, vomiting, increased sweating, rash.
Treatment: if the hypertensive effect is excessive, reduce the rate of administration or temporarily stop the administration; if ineffective, use short-acting alpha-blockers.
Interaction
Weakens the effects of narcotic analgesics and sleeping pills.
Medicines that alkalinize urine (including antacids containing Ca 2+ and Mg 2+, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, citrates, sodium bicarbonate) increase the half-life of ephedrine and the risk of intoxication.
When used simultaneously with cardiac glycosides, quinidine, tricyclic antidepressants, dopamine, inhalation anesthesia agents (chloroform, enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane, trichlorethylene), the risk of developing severe ventricular arrhythmias increases; with other sympathomimetic drugs - increased severity of side effects from the cardiovascular system; with antihypertensive drugs (including sympatholytics, diuretics, rauwolfia alkaloids) - a decrease in the hypotensive effect.
Concomitant use with adrenergic bronchodilators can lead to additional excessive stimulation of the central nervous system, which can cause increased excitability, irritability, insomnia, convulsions, and arrhythmias.
Cocaine enhances the stimulating effect on the central nervous system and cardiovascular system.
Co-administration with reserpine and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (including furazolidone, procarbazine, selegiline) can cause headache, cardiac arrhythmias, vomiting, a sudden and pronounced increase in blood pressure, hyperpyretic crisis; with non-selective beta-blockers and nitrates - weakening of the therapeutic effect (blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors can lead to the predominance of alpha-adrenergic activity with the risk of developing arterial hypertension and pronounced bradycardia with the possible development of heart block; blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors also prevents beta 2-adrenergic bronchodilator action); with phenoxybenzamine - increased hypotensive effect and tachycardia; with phenytoin - a sudden decrease in blood pressure and bradycardia (depending on the dose and rate of administration); with thyroid hormone preparations - mutual enhancement of action.
Increases the metabolic clearance of glucocorticosteroids, adrenocorticotron hormones with long-term use (adjustment of their doses may be required); neurological effects of diatrizoates, iothalamic and ioxaglic acids.
Ergometrine, ergotamine, methylergometrine, oxytocin increase the vasoconstrictor effect and the risk of ischemia and gangrene, as well as severe arterial hypertension, including intracranial hemorrhage.
Doxapram, sympatholytics (guanadrel, guanethidine), mazindol, mecamylamine, methyldopa, trimethaphan, methylphenidate enhance the pressor effect.
Levodopa increases the risk of arrhythmias (requires a reduction in the dose of the sympathomimetic).
Strengthens the stimulating effect (mutually) on the central nervous system of mazindol, methylphenidate.
Ritodrine enhances (mutually) the effects (including side effects).
Strengthens the stimulating effect on the central nervous system and the risk of toxic effects of xanthines (including aminophylline, caffeine, diphylline, oxtriphylline, theophylline).
Special instructions
During infusion, a device with a measuring device should be used to regulate the rate of infusion. Infusions should be carried out into a large (preferably central) vein. During the treatment period, it is recommended to measure blood pressure, urine volume, minute blood volume, electrocardiogram, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.
To avoid the development of sleep disturbances at night, ephedrine and medications containing it should not be prescribed at the end of the day or before bedtime.
It is recommended to be careful to avoid the drug entering the perivascular tissue, which can cause necrosis (in the event of extravasation formation, infiltration of 10-15 ml of 0.9% NaCl containing 5-10 ml of phentolamine should be immediately infiltrated). Excessive doses during myocardial infarction may increase ischemia by increasing myocardial oxygen demand.
Before starting treatment, hypovolemia should be corrected if possible. Treatment with ephedrine does not replace transfusions of blood, plasma, blood substitutes and/or saline solutions.
Ephedrine is not advisable for long-term use (constriction of peripheral blood vessels, leading to the possible development of necrosis or gangrene).
When prescribed to correct arterial hypotension or when a local anesthetic drug is added to the solution during labor/delivery, as well as when combined with certain drugs that stimulate labor (for example, vasopressin, ergotamine, ergonovine, methylergonovine), it can cause persistent arterial hypertension (up to rupture of cerebral vessels); during spinal anesthesia, it may increase the fetal heart rate.
If the mother's blood pressure exceeds 130/80 mmHg, ephedrine is not recommended.
Due to its stimulating effect on the central nervous system, it can be abused by drug addicts.
When discontinuing treatment, doses should be reduced gradually, as sudden discontinuation of therapy can lead to severe hypotension. If the solution is opaque, it cannot be administered. The unused portion should be destroyed.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, increasing the pressor effect of sympathomimetics, can cause headaches, arrhythmia, vomiting, hypertensive crisis, therefore, when patients take monoamine oxidase inhibitors in the previous 2-3 weeks, the dose of sympathomimetics should be reduced (to 1/10 of the usual dose).
Release form
Solution for injection 50 mg/ml in ampoules of 1 ml.
5 ampoules in a blister pack made of polyvinyl chloride film and printed aluminum foil, varnished or without foil.
1 or 2 blister packs (with or without foil) together with instructions for use of the drug, a knife or an ampoule scarifier are placed in a cardboard pack.
20, 50 or 100 contour blister packs with foil along with 20, 50 or 100 instructions for use of the drug, respectively, knives or ampoule scarifiers are placed in a cardboard box or in a corrugated cardboard box (for a hospital).
When packaging ampoules with rings or break points, scarifiers or ampoule knives are not used.
Storage conditions
In a place protected from light at a temperature not exceeding 25 o C.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Best before date
5 years. Do not use after the expiration date indicated on the packaging.
Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies
Dispensed by prescription.
Ephedrine - instructions for medical use - RU No.
Medicines with the addition of ephedrine, according to the instructions for use, are used to treat a number of diseases of the ENT organs. Ephedrine-containing medications are suitable for the treatment of patients of different age categories. Preparations containing a sympathomimetic have a complex effect on the body and can be used as a strong fat burner.
Ephedrine is classified as an alkaloid and is a central nervous system stimulant.. The substance is not used in an unconcentrated state and is included in the composition of medicinal products. The most common forms of the substance are ephedrine hydrochloride and ephedrine sulfate.
Compound
The main active substance of medicinal preparations is ephedrine hydrochloride. Distilled water is used as an additional component for injections.
Release form
There are several forms of release of ephedrine-containing drugs. The appropriate option should be chosen based on the doctor’s prescription, the diagnosed disease and the characteristics of the body.
Pills
Solution for injection
The drug in the form of a liquid solution for injection is available for otolaryngological and pediatric practice. The solution in 1 ml ampoules has a concentration of 5%.
Nasal drops
Transparent drops for nasal administration are a colorless liquid in 10 ml bottles. Drops are suitable for treating children.
Pharmacological properties
The medication is similar in properties to phenamine and is responsible for stimulating the central nervous system. The substance has a psychostimulating and vasoconstrictor effect.
Pharmacological group
Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug. The sympathomimetic stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors.
Pharmacodynamics
The drug directly affects varicose thickenings of adrenergic fibers and promotes the production of norepinephrine. The drug also leads to increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, increased skeletal muscle tone,
Pharmacokinetics
The therapeutic effect is observed after 10-15 minutes with intramuscular injection of 25-50 mg. The duration of the effect does not exceed one hour. In case of repeated administration, the pressor effect is actively reduced.
Particles of the substance are partially metabolized in the liver. The half-life is from 3 to 6 hours. It is excreted unchanged by the kidneys.
Diseases for which the drug is used in treatment
The drug has a number of indications for use. In particular, it is used in diagnosing the following ailments:
- bronchial asthma;
- constantly low blood pressure;
- acute form of rhinitis;
- urticaria and a number of allergic diseases.
Dosage and instructions for use
The instructions for use of the medication contain a list of recommended dosages for patients at different ages. Compliance with the dosage helps to quickly obtain the desired effect and prevent adverse reactions.
In the treatment of children
In pediatric therapy, the dosage is 3 mg per kilogram of body weight. The total volume of the drug must be divided into equal parts and taken 4-6 times a day.
For adults
The dosage for adult patients is 25-50 mg twice daily. The exact amount of ephedrine is determined by the doctor, taking into account your health condition. The duration of the therapeutic course is 10-15 days.
During pregnancy and lactation
It is allowed to use the drug during pregnancy and breastfeeding if the woman has low blood pressure and does not have spinal anesthesia. Otherwise, the drug may cause rupture of blood vessels and rapid heartbeat in the baby.
Contraindications
It is not allowed to use the medication if you have hypersensitivity to the active ingredient, cardiomyopathy, ventricular fibrillation, or chronically high blood pressure. If one of the contraindications is present, analogues should be included in the treatment plan.
Overdose
Exceeding standard dosages leads to pressure changes, skin rashes, attacks of vomiting and nausea, and loss of appetite. Long-term use of the medication leads to disruption of the patient’s physical and mental health.
Side effects and consequences of using ephedrine
If the instructions for use are not followed and the dosage is exceeded, there is a risk of side effects. These include:
- From the nervous system - migraines, insomnia, feeling of weakness, nervousness, convulsions and muscle spasms.
- From the heart and blood vessels - angina pectoris, rapid heartbeat, pressure surges, ventricular arrhythmias.
- From the digestive organs - attacks of vomiting, a feeling of dryness in the mouth, heartburn.
Interaction with other drugs and hormonal drugs
Combination with adrenergic bronchodilators provokes excessive stimulation of the central nervous system, which causes irritability, excitability, and sleep disturbance.
Terms of use and storage conditions
The shelf life of ephedrine-containing medications is 5 years. It is not allowed to use drugs after the expiration date indicated on the package. It is recommended to store the medication at a temperature of no more than 25 degrees in a place limited from direct sunlight and humidity.
Vacation conditions and cost
Medicines with the addition of ephedrine are available for purchase in any pharmacy only with a medical prescription. The cost depends on the chosen release form and volume.
Medicines containing ephedrine used in ENT practice
In medical practice, ephedrine-containing medications are actively used in various release forms. The appropriate medication option should be selected depending on the existing disease, the patient’s age and the individual characteristics of the body.
Syrups
Common syrups with added substances include: “Teofedrin-N”, “Insanovin”, “Broncholitin Sage”, “Bronchitusen Vramed”, “Bronchoton”. The amount of the added component depends on the specific drug and its concentration.
Pills
Among ephedrine tablets, fat burners and combination medications with antispasmodic and bronchodilator effects are in demand. The drug “Neo-Theophedrine” is in greatest demand on the pharmaceutical market.
