Eczema of newborns. Microbial eczema in children

Characteristics and features

Eczema is a chronic skin disease inflammatory in nature. The main manifestations of the disease are rashes localized on various areas skin, as well as severe itching, burning, painful sensations in the area of affected skin, causing considerable discomfort to the child.

Advanced forms of childhood eczema look like blisters with a thin membrane, prone to permanent damage. The newborn's skin becomes wet and sticky, sometimes with traces of fresh pus.

Sensitive areas are considered to be the affected areas of an unpleasant disease. baby body– cheeks, limbs, in extreme cases, stomach and back. Severe forms diseases worsen general condition child, there is anxiety, unreasonable crying and a depressed state.

The birth of your offspring is a real, inexplicable miracle, because for a tiny person, you are the whole world, and what it will become for him depends only on your care. If a rash appears on your baby’s body, do not delay an unscheduled examination by a pediatrician.

A sick child is restless and sleeps poorly. His temperature may rise for a long time, and his lymph nodes may become enlarged.

Such patients do not tolerate colds well; they develop otitis, sinusitis, bronchitis and other complications of ARVI. For this reason, strong antibiotics are often prescribed, which intensify the allergic reaction.

In this case, the transformation of childhood eczema into bronchial asthma is possible. Therefore, treatment with antimicrobial agents for eczema must be combined with antihistamines.

Treatment of childhood eczema

Treat a child, especially one who is breastfeeding, you can do it yourself, but it’s better not to risk the health of your own child. For quick recovery baby, a qualified pediatrician prescribes the whole complex medical procedures.

A number of medications are prescribed that can fight the disease “from the inside.” During treatment, the child and the mother who is breastfeeding him go on a gentle diet that excludes allergic reactions.

Physiotherapy is carried out as an addition to medications and ointments. For a child’s body, taking medications is a real stress and test.

As prescribed by the pediatrician, treatment is carried out only with the use of antihistamines. Severe itching and pain are relieved with ointments and lotions.

Thus, the child does not have to injure the inflamed skin. It would be a good idea to take healing herbal baths that have a calming effect.

The atmosphere in the family is of no small importance, because the care of the parents, their patience and calmness will set the baby in the right mood.

After birth, the baby may often experience dry skin and flaking. This is largely due to the fact that the baby was in a humid environment for 9 months, and after he was born, air environment may contribute to dry skin. This is also facilitated by every bathing of the baby, which is why scales appear.

But it’s not just air that dries out a child’s epidermis. Many newborns have very tender and sensitive skin, she may react to cosmetics, synthetic clothing, foods that a nursing mother eats, etc.

This dry skin is called eczema or atopic dermatitis. Symptoms of the disease vary.

It usually starts with two red spots on the cheeks. Sometimes it is dryness behind the ears or scaly formations on the head.

As the disease progresses, spots may appear on the arms and legs, abdomen and thighs. Children's eczema can be expressed in red or white spots, as well as in the form of colorless swellings.

If inflammatory dermatitis appears, it is due to skin contact with an allergen. Eczema or rashes may appear. At external influence irritant rashes appear exactly in the place where contact occurred. If an allergen is ingested in mother's milk, eczema in a child can appear anywhere.

If the disease is not treated childhood, subsequently it can transform into ordinary eczema.

Eczema in a child is a chronic skin disease caused by the influence of internal and external allergens.

Young children often develop hypersensitivity to food allergens, especially proteins cow's milk, which manifests itself as eczematous rashes.

According to the characteristics of its course, eczema is divided into the following types:

dyshidrotic eczema;
microbial eczema;
seborrheic eczema;
true eczema;
Kaposi's eczema.

All types of eczema occur in children.

Reasons

Eczema how independent disease, in adults and children proceeds according to a similar principle. The reasons why the skin suffers from itchy rashes are also no different. On human body Only two types of factors can influence - internal and external. Internal root causes of eczema include:

primary and secondary infections (fungi);
illnesses endocrine system baby (if the child is still an infant);
incorrect balance of vitamins in the body;
disruption of the gastrointestinal tract;
presence of helminths.

In development of this disease a very important role is played by allergic and exudative-catarrhal diathesis, which by its nature is not at all dangerous pathological condition for the child, but only creates favorable conditions for the development of eczema in the future.

Moreover, the most unpleasant thing is that diathesis can occur in the body very for a long time without any visible manifestations. And only during the period of unfavorable state of the body’s immune system, when improper care caring for a child or improper nutrition can make itself felt.

Eczema is most often allergic disease. The reason lies in genetic factor. If one of the child's parents is suffering bronchial asthma or hay fever, there is a high probability that the child will suffer from atopic dermatitis.

Provoking factors:

Stressful situations.
Detergents used for body care.
Acute allergic reactions.
Diseases of the liver, gastrointestinal tract and other organs.
Impaired metabolism.
Decreased immunity.

Developing inflammatory process has an allergic nature. Great value with the development of eczema in children, there is a genetically determined (hereditary) predisposition.

The development of eczema occurs due to various factors, affecting the body in a complex manner.

Immune system disorders;- hereditary predisposition to various allergies; - hypovitaminosis, especially B vitamins; - deficiency of unsaturated fatty acids and microelements; - diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, mycosis; - cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder); - chronic diseases, depleting the immune system: caries, sinusitis, tonsillitis, etc.

The rashes are external manifestation body reactions to irritant– allergen. Stimuli can be internal or external. An allergic reaction in children can be caused by:

chemicals used in washing underwear;
aromatic and flavorings in products;
medicines;
inhalation of pollen, dust or mold particles;
insect bite

Eczema is most often an allergic disease. The reason for it lies in the genetic factor. If one of the child’s parents suffers from bronchial asthma or hay fever, then there is a high probability that the child will suffer from atopic dermatitis.

If such eczema appears in adolescence, then most likely the culprit is hormonal disorders body.

This is an allergic disease with a hereditary predisposition. It is not the pathology itself that is transmitted from parents, but the tendency to develop it. Often in the child’s family there are patients with bronchial asthma, hay fever, drug allergies, urticaria and other allergic diseases.

Is eczema transmitted from mother to child?

Symptoms

Skin diseases, especially in children, can be similar in appearance, so it is quite easy to confuse eczema with another ailment. The treatment offered by a qualified doctor (pediatrician) depends on the advanced stage of the disease. You can recognize and respond to a threat in time if you know the main symptoms of eczema. Signs, the combination of which should alert you:

change in child's skin color;
sudden rashes on the neck, arms, legs of a newborn;
the appearance of blistering pimples on rough skin;
the formation of crusts at the site of the “wet” rash;
decreased activity of the child;
increased aggression and apathy of the infant;
increase in temperature;
lack of food cravings.

Infants who cannot talk and communicate with the world are the first to react to pain and irritation with hysterics and intense crying. This is how they ask for help, reporting problems that are not always visible to parents.

Don't ignore sudden changes your child’s mood, especially if excessive activity and moodiness are not typical for a newborn. Be careful, because it is extremely difficult to notice a small spot - the beginning of eczema.

Treatment that allows you to quickly relieve a child of pain, burning on the skin and stress will be most effective if you do not start an unpleasant illness.

The first symptoms of childhood eczema, as a rule, make themselves felt already at initial stages in the life of a child, the appearance of red spots on the cheeks and forehead, which after a short period of time gradually increase in size and begin to cover almost the entire face.

Signs of eczema can also appear on the neck, wrists, knees, feet, and even eyelids.

The skin on the affected areas becomes rougher, having large surfaces devoid of the stratum corneum, and the red spots swell and then transform into small blisters that quickly open, leaving erosive foci.

With such rashes, the child may feel unpleasant and strong sensations of biopsy itching and burning.

The leading symptoms of eczema in children are:

rashes affecting large areas;
skin itching;
burning.

In most cases, children are diagnosed with an acute true (idiopathic) form. It most often develops between 2 and 6 months of age.

Already in initial stage This type of eczema appears multiple on the skin primary elements bright red color. Bubbles with serous contents are first localized on the face and then spread to the bends of the limbs (mainly the knees and elbows).

Secondary bubbles form in place of burst bubbles. morphological elements– point erosions that become covered with scales and crusts. The subacute process is characterized by hyperemia of the epidermal layer of the skin, the appearance of swelling and weeping erosions (i.e.

n. "weeping eczema").

Foci of inflammation in some cases acquire a pink-bluish tint. Clinical manifestations with such a course they can spontaneously disappear and then appear again.

True chronic eczema tends to worsen in the autumn-winter period and early spring due to a decrease in the amount of vitamins supplied with food and the associated weakening of the immune system.

Eczema in infants is a skin disease.

With him on epithelial tissue Various types of inflammatory processes appear.

Eczema in a baby can be observed from the very first weeks. It needs to be treated differently from how adults are treated, since not all drugs that are prescribed to adult patients are approved for use in infants.

Pediatricians say that over time, the number of infants suffering from the disease is increasing. The disease is especially common in children from one to two months to five to six. This number of young patients is easily explained: in a period of up to six months, a person’s gastrointestinal tract and skin did not adapt well.

What species are observed

True. With it, the child develops a reddish rash. At first it affects only the facial part, but then gradually spreads throughout the body. Bubbles appear. They gradually burst, which causes the formation of crusts. All skin lesions are accompanied by severe itching.
Seborrheic. She only appears in places with sebaceous glands, especially in the head part. Due to seborrheic eczema, the skin on the head becomes covered with ulcerative and scaly bodies of a yellowish tint.
Microbial (bacterial). It can be caused due to harmful bacteria entering the children's body(for example, staphylococci and streptococci), or due to secondary infection, as a consequence primary disease epidermis (skin). The baby's body is affected by ulcerative bodies covered with a crust.

Why does it appear

Before starting to treat an infant, the doctor identifies the cause or several causes that caused the disease and eliminates problematic factors.

Eczema can appear due to minor and quickly healing disorders.

But it is possible that it is caused by serious problems in the functioning of the body. Therefore, do not try to self-medicate.

Main causes:

problems with metabolism, disruption of the intestines;
premature consumption of artificial foods;
lack of vitamins and useful substances in food;
infection from the mother that occurred during pregnancy;
accommodation in an ecologically harmful environment, exposure to toxins;
any kind of psychological experience (occurring on on a regular basis), shocks;
predisposition to skin diseases transmitted from parents or close relatives;
violation hygiene standards, wrong image life of the mother during pregnancy (smoking, consuming any narcotic drugs, alcohol abuse);
allergic reaction of the body or predisposition to them;
problems with stool, in particular constipation;
the presence of worms;
diseases of a viral or fungal nature;
insufficiently strong immune system.

Eczema can be caused by just one or several factors. Among them, predisposition at the genetic level is especially common. If one of the parents has a predisposition to skin diseases (not just this one), then there is a possibility that the child will also have it. And if both parents suffer from eczema, then the possibility of detecting the disease in a baby becomes even greater.

Does a baby have eczema - how not to make a mistake

Infants are especially often exposed to various diseases.

Since they usually have underdeveloped immune system often suffer from skin ailments(including dermatitis and eczema), which have basically similar symptoms.

So don't try to cure your child on your own. The lesions appear on the face and, if not treated in time, then spread throughout the body.

Symptoms:

epidermal lesions appear in the form of red spots (usually pronounced);
the child is bothered by severe itching;
swelling is observed in the affected areas;
the body becomes covered with a rash;
in a more developed form, bubbles with a clear liquid are formed;
the baby eats less and then loses his appetite altogether;
from pain and itching, the child becomes nervous and capricious;
in some cases there is an elevated temperature;
In cases of dry eczema, the skin becomes dry and roughness appears.

Most pain symptom for a child - itching. It bothers the patient throughout the day and becomes even stronger in the evening, so sleep disturbance is possible.

The child constantly scratches the itchy areas, which causes wounds to form. Harmful microorganisms enter them and, developing, cause a secondary infection. In areas of wounds, disease is possible.

How is the disease diagnosed?

You will not be able to independently identify the cause and prescribe a course of treatment.

Therefore you need to contact special doctor, which treats eczema in newborns.

He will conduct a diagnosis, during which he will examine the child and, if necessary, prescribe additional examinations: blood test, allergy test, scrapings from inflamed areas of the skin.

Is it possible to cure

There are some differences between the treatment of eczema in infants and adults. Since not all drugs are approved for the treatment of children.

You can save your child from the disease, you just need to see a doctor in time. Before prescribing the necessary course of treatment, you need to understand the cause of the occurrence in order to eliminate the problem factor.

Since the body of infants is completely defenseless, during treatment they are not prescribed drugs that have a strong effect.

Treatment for children looks something like this:

The small patient is prescribed medications (based on the factor that caused the eczema). Ointments, creams, and harmless cosmetics are used to help improve the appearance of the skin. Allergy medications are often prescribed. If a newborn suffers from a bacterial form of eczema, then he is prescribed individual medications that get rid of this particular type of bacteria.
The doctor may prescribe physiotherapeutic procedures, which are very useful in the fight against this disease.
Often, treatment of eczema is accompanied by maintaining a certain diet. Since eczema can be a common allergic reaction to eating artificial foods. Young mothers should carefully monitor what they feed their young children. The work in their intestines is somewhat different than in adults. At the slightest violations food, problems with stool appear, and a rash may appear. Before introducing a new food into your child's diet, check his body's reaction to a small amount of this food. If eczema is caused by food, it usually appears as a rash and blisters on the cheeks.

Sometimes treatment is added to medications folk remedies(only verified ones). Here, for example, is one of the recipes for a bath: two hundred grams oatmeal you need to pour it into the bathtub. Keep the baby in it for about fifteen minutes. Do not rinse after being sick. The recipe helps get rid of inflammatory processes on skin.

Eczema in a baby is quite common occurrence currently. Doctors are increasingly diagnosing this disease. Eczema is an inflammatory process on the skin.

The disease can develop in a child already in the first months after birth. Often during this period, babies experience dry skin.

Eczema in babies usually occurs between two months and six months. The fact is that during this period the child’s skin, his gastrointestinal tract have not yet fully adapted to new living conditions.

Types of disease

There are three types of disease in young children:

True. It is characterized by bright red rashes that appear first and then spread throughout. When the bubbles burst, crusts gradually form in their place. All this is accompanied by quite severe itching.
. This type of disease likes to appear in areas with sebaceous glands. So, for example, eczema in a baby will be seborrheic. In this case, ulcers with a yellow tint and scales appear on the affected areas.
at the baby's. As a rule, it occurs as a result of the development of an infection in the baby’s body caused by staphylococci or streptococci. In this case, ulcers covered with crusts appear.

Reasons

Why can the disease appear in young children? The causes of eczema in infants are as follows:

improper metabolism, dysbacteriosis,
insufficient content of nutrients in food, artificial feeding,
infection in the womb,
exposure to any toxic substances,
nervous shocks and disorders,
hereditary factor
while my mother was leading an unhealthy lifestyle,
allergies,
frequent constipation.
helminthic infestations,
viral diseases,
weak immunity.

These are the main factors that provoke the development of eczema in infant. Depending on the cause, weeping eczema may also occur in infants.

Symptoms

Eczema most often appears on the face in infants. However, it can then spread throughout the body.

The main symptoms of this disease are:

redness of the affected areas,
unbearable itching,
swelling of inflammation,
rash,
there is liquid inside the bubbles,
loss of appetite,
irritability, nervousness, the child is constantly capricious,
possible increase in temperature,
dry skin, peeling.

The main symptom is quite severe itching, which becomes more intense in the evening. Unfortunately, it is very difficult for children to tolerate it, so they scratch these places. As a result, infection can get into the wounds, which will lead to the spread of inflammation, which will be more difficult to get rid of.

Diagnostics

To make the most accurate diagnosis, the baby must be shown to a specialist. The doctor conducts visual inspection, if necessary, he will prescribe additional examinations, for example:

blood,
allergen tests,
scrapings from inflamed areas.

Therapy

Treatment of eczema in infants is similar to that used in adults. The difference lies in the range of drugs and treatments.

The little person’s body is not yet strong enough, so babies are not prescribed potent drugs.

Therapy of the disease consists of using:

Various medications. Various creams and ointments are used externally, providing beneficial and therapeutic effect on the skin. Preparations containing hormones can only be used as prescribed by doctors. Specialists can prescribe antiallergic drugs. If necessary, it is possible to use drugs that destroy the infection. However, the use of any product must be agreed with the attending physician.
Specialists can prescribe various physiotherapeutic procedures. They also help cope with this disease.
Diet food. Very often in babies who are on artificial feeding, allergic reactions to food occur. Therefore, young mothers need to carefully monitor their baby’s formulas and his reaction to each new dish. By the way, food allergy often causes eczema on the cheeks of infants.
. In conjunction with medical treatment give quite a beneficial effect. So, for example, for eczema on the legs of a baby, as well as on other parts of the body, you can use the following baths: dilute a cup of oatmeal in the bath, put the baby there for a while (about 15 minutes). After the bath, do not rinse your child. This product is great for soothing inflamed skin.

Famous pediatrician When dealing with eczema in a baby, Komarovsky always advises paying first attention to the child’s nutrition. As a rule, this is often the cause of the development of the disease.

Breast-feeding

Eczema is chronic inflammation skin, characterized by a widespread rash, strong burning sensation and itching. Eczema is allergic and neurological in nature. It can appear in the first months of a baby’s life, or maybe in adolescence. But in both cases it will bring a lot of suffering to the child. So let's figure out what are the causes of eczema and can it be avoided?

Why does this happen?
The only reason that leads to the appearance of eczema in a child is genetic predisposition. If one of the relatives, and not necessarily the mother or father, the main thing is that they are blood, suffers from eczema, then the likelihood of it appearing in the baby increases sharply.
It takes a push for eczema to appear. It could be:
- acute allergies, most often to foods, household chemicals, perfumes, and hygiene products;
- severe stress, expressed in constant scratching of the skin;
- skin irritants;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, liver and other internal organs;
- metabolic disorders;
- weakening of the immune system.
Most often, eczema appears in babies between 2 and 6 months. This is explained by the fact that the child’s gastrointestinal tract is immature, the skin is very sensitive, and various irritants can be perceived as hostile, which causes an allergic reaction. The second period of appearance of eczema is adolescence. Hormonal changes, which accompany it, most often provoke the appearance of eczema.

Types of eczema
In children, true, seborrheic and microbial eczema most often manifest.
Acute true eczema is characterized by the appearance of bright red rashes in the form of many small blisters, first on the face in the cheek area, then on the arms and legs. The blisters burst, and in their place point erosions with serous exudate (serous wells) are formed. After some time, the erosions become covered with crusts and scales. This type of eczema grows very quickly and is accompanied by severe itching and burning.
Subacute true eczema manifests itself in the same form as during acute form. Only swelling and weeping erosions are much less pronounced, and their color is bluish-pink. The itching and burning are not so strong, but they are accompanied by infiltration.
Both manifestations of eczema disappear over time, but at any moment they can appear again under the influence of a provoking factor.
Chronic true eczema accompanies a person constantly, worsening in the autumn-winter period. It is characterized by the appearance of blisters and infiltration on the skin. Weeping erosions, itching and burning occur mainly during periods of exacerbation.
Seborrheic eczema affects areas of the body rich in sebaceous glands: scalp heads, nasolabial folds, ears. The sternum and the area between the shoulder blades may also be affected. Most often this type of eczema appears in infancy and during puberty. She looks as follows: yellowish and yellowish-brown plaques with a layer of fatty scales, which in some cases can become wet, slight infiltration. They merge with each other and form ring-shaped or garland-shaped outlines.
Microbial eczema most often develops against the background of damage to the child’s body by staphylococcal or streptococcal infection, especially with weakened immunity. Manifests itself in the form of flaky erosions covered with crusts. It can be localized throughout the body and head.

How to treat eczema?
If you notice manifestations of eczema in a child, you should definitely consult a dermatologist, since first of all you need to find out what triggered it.
If the baby is breastfed, the doctor will suggest that the mother review her diet and exclude allergy-provoking foods. When artificial feeding, it may be possible to offer a transfer to hypoallergenic mixtures. If the child already eats on his own, then his diet is reviewed.
For eczema it is necessary to exclude: meat broths, hot and spicy seasonings, canned food, coffee, cocoa, milk, chocolate. Recommended consumption vegetarian soups, boiled meat, fish, fermented milk products, vegetables.
It is also necessary to replace all hygiene products with hypoallergenic ones designed specifically for children's skin. It is better to generally reduce their use to a minimum during treatment.
The child’s clothing also requires revision. Remove anything made from synthetic fabrics, especially if it comes into direct contact with the baby's skin. Make sure that your clothes are not tight and that their seams do not rub your skin.
Regarding medicines, then it all depends on the type of eczema and concomitant disease– therefore, only a doctor can prescribe treatment after conducting examinations. Common ones are sedatives, vitamins, antipruritics and antihistamines.
Among the safest antihistamines Fenistil drops are used for children. They can be used to relieve itching and burning in eczema from the first month of life. Fenistil drops have a convenient pipette dispenser that is easy to measure necessary for the child dose. They are tasty, so the drops can be given either diluted (juice, water, warm tea, mixture) or undiluted, the child will not spit them out. They begin to act quickly - 15, maximum 45 minutes after administration.

The most common skin diseases, accounting for a third of all skin diseases, are eczema. different types in children.

General information

Eczema is an inflammatory and allergic skin disease that occurs in infants from three months of age.

It can occur in both infants and adolescents, although it most often develops in babies under 6 months of age.

As you can see, eczema can manifest itself in varying degrees and in different places on the body. There are small rashes with a small focus, or maybe almost the entire body is dotted with red blistering spots. Be that as it may, it brings discomfort to the child and causes itching, so it is important to know what the main causes of the disease are and how it can be cured.

What seborrheic and true eczema looks like in children

To make it easier to resolve the issue of treating the disease, it is necessary to consider what types of eczema are observed in young children.

Seborrheic eczema appears in areas of the body where they accumulate most sebaceous glands(wings of the nose, part of the head where hair grows, ears, nasolabial folds, found on the chest and between the shoulder blades). It is yellow and yellow-brown plaques with a layer of fatty, sometimes wet, scales, merging with each other and having the features of rings or garlands.

Parents should remember that the sooner their child is diagnosed and the correct diagnosis of the disease is established, the faster and more likely he will recover.

True eczema in children infancy appears as bright red blistering patches on the face, arms and legs. The blisters burst, instead of them appear ulcers, and in place of the latter - crusts. This type is the most common and occurs in infants from 3 to 6 months. There is an acute and non-acute stage. The first is characterized by severe itching, burning, and very rapid spread of red spots throughout the body. The second is not so painful, has a pinkish-bluish tint, but infiltration appears here.

Childhood true eczema may disappear over time, but then reappear for certain reasons. It may also be chronic. This type of this disease is constantly present on human skin throughout life, and worsens in winter and autumn, at the same time appearing painful factors(wetting erosion, burning, itching).

They demonstrated both acute and non-acute forms of the disease.

Parents must understand when faced with similar problem that the child has very painful sensations during illness, so you should be as lenient and gentle with the baby as possible. At the same time, it is necessary to carefully combat the disease in order to alleviate its suffering as quickly as possible.

Microbial, atopic and fungal eczema in children

Microbial eczema in young children it appears in most cases due to staphylococcal or streptococcal infection. The possibility of the occurrence of the disease increases especially when the child’s body has a weakened immune system. Initially, the disease usually appears in places of scratches, cuts and other injuries; the lesion has a round or oval shape. It can spread throughout the baby’s entire body and head, and has the appearance of flaky erosions covered with crusts.

It is important to understand that this type of disease directly depends on protective functions organism to manifestation various infections. It is necessary to maximize the child’s immunity to avoid possible manifestation this type of illness.

Atopic eczema in young children it appears mainly due to an allergy to any components in environment. In the youngest patients, these factors in most cases are food. With this type of disease, the skin becomes dry and denser due to the layering of scales.

Dyshidrotic eczema It appears on the child’s arms, although it can also affect the legs. It is characterized by the formation of microvesicles on the sides of the fingers, sometimes on the palms and soles, where multi-chamber large vesicles resembling appearance boiled rice Cavity elements either collapse and erosion occurs in their place, or become a dry crust. Next, clearly defined lesions appear against the background of inflammation of the skin.

Take a look, below are photos showing eczema on a child’s hands:

The cause of this type of disease is impaired sweating in children. This type of disease is characterized by changes and deformation of the fingernails.

Viral eczema is the most difficult to treat and can be transmitted through contact with a patient. Appears under the influence viral infection. Has incubation period, after which the symptoms of eczema in children develop sharply (except for rashes, characterized by sharp increase temperature, swelling of the skin, nausea due to intoxication of the body).

Causes of eczema on the body of a child

Each type of eczema in children has its own causes. The causes of the disease can be different. Most often this is a hereditary predisposition. If one of your parents or other relatives has had eczema or other skin disease, the risk of illness in the baby increases. A tendency to allergies also plays a role. The disease is more common in formula-fed children suffering from diseases digestive tract. The development of eczema is also predisposed by the difficult course of pregnancy in the mother and the presence of concomitant diseases.

All causes of eczema on the arms, legs and other parts of the body in a child can be divided into:

External – depends on external influence the following factors affect the body:

Use of certain medications by the baby or mother (while breastfeeding);
Food allergy, which is the body’s reaction to various carcinogens, dietary supplements, dyes, chemical compounds synthetic origin, genetically modified foods, as well as the consumption of colored foods;
The wool of animals living in the house or permanently located in 1 room (in a group kindergarten, in the classroom, in the office) with the child;
Cosmetic, hygiene products, household chemicals, containing synthetic fragrances, dyes, allergenic chemical compounds;
Dust and mold resulting from improper maintenance of hygiene and cleanliness in the house;
Pollen from plants blooming in spring, summer and autumn, as well as flowers from domestic plants located in the same room as the child;
Insect bites (mosquitoes, bees, wasps, bumblebees, flies, etc.) if the baby is predisposed to allergic reactions to such stimuli;
Congenital hypersensitivity to sunlight(in this case, redness appears on sunny days);
Mechanical damage to the skin, including various wounds, burns, cuts, bedsores, injuries;
The use of synthetic or woolen clothing, as well as items of Chinese origin, dyed causing allergies dyes.

Internal - caused internal processes organisms independent of environmental influences:

The presence of helminths in the child’s body;
Pathological changes in the endocrine system;
Kidney disease;
Heredity;
Lack or excess of vitamins in the baby’s body;
The presence of infections or viruses, as well as bacterial and fungal diseases.

Having studied various reasons disease, it is necessary to begin to consider the symptoms indicating the presence of the disease in children.

The initial stage of weeping eczema in children on the cheeks and other parts of the body

To carry out effective treatment, it is necessary to know the symptoms of eczema in children, which manifest themselves differently at different stages of the disease. Partial symptoms various types eczema is described above, directly in the classification. Next, it will be proposed to consider the main symptoms and stages of eczema in a child, starting on the cheeks.

At the onset of the disease, the skin of the face is affected. It turns red, becomes swollen, and blisters appear on it, which then burst, forming weeping red areas. Worrying is severe itching, which gets worse at night and often prevents the baby from sleeping.

The weeping stage of eczema in children is the moment when blisters on the surface of the skin immediately burst and liquid (serous exudate) flows out, softening the affected skin. When weeping areas heal, pockets of thickened skin are formed, resembling an armored crust, covered with scales and cracks.

Take a look at the manifestation on different stages The listed symptoms of eczema in children can be seen in the photos below:

Parents should remember that as soon as any redness of an unknown cause appears on the baby’s skin, or any foreign tumors are noticed, they should immediately consult a doctor to avoid complications of the disease and its progression to chronic form.

In the future on last stage disease at the site of the crust, the skin peels off, is completely renewed and takes on its normal, familiar look, the child is recovering.

The last stage of recovery may be delayed when infection occurs. When the affected areas of the skin become infected, it develops purulent inflammation. It happens that parents delay contacting a doctor, treatment is delayed, and the disease progresses.

As the disease progresses, it spreads to other parts of the body: scalp, ears, neck, torso, legs, arms. Thus, eczema spreads throughout the child's body. Red spots can cover almost all areas of the skin. The baby is bothered by such phenomena as itching and burning, and these, in turn, will provoke disturbances in appetite and sleep. Eczema lasts for a long time, with alternating periods of improvement and exacerbation.

It is necessary for parents to understand that it is very important to consult a doctor in a timely manner with existing problem in order to prevent complications from the manifestation of the disease and its progression into a chronic form, which will bother children for many years.

Diagnosis of eczema in a child and how to treat the disease

It is very important not to delay treatment of eczema in children, and as soon as you notice its symptoms, discussed earlier, consult a doctor as soon as possible. First of all, the doctor must conduct thorough examination to find out the cause of eczema, and then select the appropriate treatment, which is always individual for each child. Only after conducting a complete diagnosis, a specialist will be able to recommend how to treat the problem. of this child eczema.

In order to identify the disease and accurately establish the diagnosis, it is necessary:

Carefully examine the skin of the baby, determining the extent of its damage;
Ask your mother about the time of manifestation of the disease, her possible reasons emergence;
Thoroughly study the illnesses the baby has previously suffered and methods of treating them;
Carry out clinical tests blood and urine, which will help determine the child’s health status;
Take a skin culture to study the structure of the skin and the stage of the disease;
Carry out additional research(ultrasound, tomography, x-ray) to accurately diagnose and separate eczema from other possible skin diseases.

When carried out full diagnostics, the doctor will prescribe treatment. If we consider traditional way treatment of eczema in young children, it is as follows:

To reduce skin itching, soothing and antipruritic agents are used ( bepanten, radevit).Also prescribed for the purpose of getting rid of itching: zaditen, tavegil, diprazine, suprastin, peritol.
Prescribe sedatives according to type valerian.
In case of vitamin deficiency, additional vitamins B1, B6, and C are prescribed.
Desensitizing agents are used ( hemodez, polybiolin).
In case of microbial eczema, antibiotics are prescribed ( lorindene, locacorten-N).
Use various antifungal agents for the treatment of mimic eczema.
Prescribe drugs for dysbiosis ( lactobacterin).
Heterohemotherapy is prescribed.
All foods that can cause an allergic reaction are excluded from the diet.
It is important to follow a daily routine.
The doctor may prescribe antihistamines (ketotifen, tavegil, suprastin), antibiotics ( macrolides, cephalosporins, lincomycin), and externally – various ointments depending on the stage of the disease (antibacterial - gentamicin, erythromycin; antifungal – clotrimazole, nizoral).
If there is redness and unopened blisters on the skin, then the skin is treated with special talkers, pastes, and talcum powder.
If the examination took place at the weeping stage of eczema in a child, it is necessary to take measures to prevent infections, microbes, and fungi from entering the wound. For weeping inflammatory elements, apply cooling lotions and compresses.
At all stages of the disease, hormonal steroid ointments are prescribed ( hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, elocom). Good effect gives the use of Elidel (a non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drug), which is used in the absence of signs of infection.

But do not forget that all medications should be used only on the recommendation of a doctor.

View below demonstrating various medications for treating eczema in children caused by various reasons, photo:

These photographs clearly show that there is huge amount various medications to get rid of the disease. You just need to contact a dermatologist in time so that he can establish the correct diagnosis and prescribe treatment as soon as possible. It is worth noting that it is necessary to strictly adhere to the doctor’s instructions during treatment, especially for infants, because many steroid drugs may be harmful in overdose.

How to treat dry allergic eczema on a child’s hands

If at the stage when the blisters burst, the liquid does not come out of them, the child is diagnosed with “dry eczema”. It not only amazes top layer skin, but also the following balls. This type of eczema is characterized by inflammation, dryness, cracks and dryness on the skin. This type of disease tends to spread slowly, starting with a small red spot on the finger. However, over time, the stain can grow and cover the entire brush, including the nail plates. For the treatment of dry eczema on the hands of a child, medications, designed to eliminate inflammation, maintain immunity, remove toxins from the body, and reduce the amount nervous breakdowns and irritability.

In addition to medication treatment, there are non-drug prescriptions. They should be adhered to, even if you have not yet had time to see a dermatologist. They are as follows:

To treat infantile eczema detected in infants, the doctor will recommend following a diet, excluding allergenic products nutrition.
If the baby eats formula, he will be recommended hypoallergenic cereals.
When the baby is already feeding adult food, then all foods that can cause allergies are removed from his diet.
Exclude from the diet meat broths, hot and spicy seasonings, canned food, coffee, cocoa, milk, chocolate. The diet includes vegetable soups and broths, boiled meat, fish, dairy products, and vegetables.
It is recommended to minimize the use of various products by the child during the manifestation of allergic eczema. cosmetics care (rashes can be provoked various kinds allergens, fragrances, chemical components included in cosmetics), use only hypoallergenic hygiene products if necessary.
It is necessary to reconsider the baby’s clothes, exclude skin contact with synthetics, put aside synthetic items for the duration of treatment (and, in order to avoid a relapse, do not return to them after recovery). Clothes should be loose, and the seams should be well-finished and not rub against the child.
Parents should not allow scratches on the baby's skin. To do this, you need to cut his nails short.

The occurrence of eczema on a child’s hands can be caused by various reasons, which determine how to treat the disease. If it is caused by overeating sweet and starchy foods, then they should be excluded from the baby’s diet. In case of violation of hygiene rules, you should carefully monitor the child’s compliance with them (for example, washing hands after eating, walking and using the toilet). When allergies are caused medicines prescribed for the treatment of any previous disease, it is necessary to replace the allergenic drug with another one.