Tramadol release forms and doses. Restrictions on use

Tramal is considered one of the best painkillers. This is a medication that is a synthetic analgesic. Refers to opioid drugs. Its action is defined as mixed. Tramal is available in various forms.

Tramadol is considered the most active component of the drug. According to research, this substance has proven itself to be a weak analogue of morphine. Taking tramadol in small doses most likely does not have any side effects on the human body. It is used for therapy for patients of different ages; there are also dosages developed for children. The main rule for obtaining a good effect is to carefully follow the recommendations of a specialist when treating with the drug and not exceed the dose indicated by him.

Based on the results of examining the patient, the doctor may prescribe medicine in a certain form. The difference between them is the quality of the assimilation process. The decision is made depending on the patient's condition.

The medicine is produced in the following forms:

Using the drug Tramal according to the instructions

Indications for use Medicines Tramal in the form of tablets and other forms may be different. Basically, Tramal, according to the instructions for use, in the form of intramuscular injections and taking the medicine in other forms, is prescribed in the following cases:

• Recovery from injuries of varying severity;
• Postoperative periods;
• Pain after a myocardial infarction;
• Oncological diseases;
• Procedures accompanied by severe pain.

Contraindications for use

The painkiller Tramal can be used with restrictions. Contraindications to the use of the drug are:

1. Poisoning with drugs (sleeping pills, opioids with analgesic properties, psychotropic substances), alcohol;
2. Tramal should not be used during drug withdrawal;
3. Impaired kidney and liver function;
4. It is unacceptable to use Tramal Retard at the same time as treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors and after their withdrawal - for two weeks.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding, Tramal tablets instructions for use allow use if there are vital indications. In this case, therapy should be limited to a one-time dose of medication.

If the patient has renal or liver failure, there is a possibility that the effect of the drug will be prolonged. In this case, it may be necessary to increase the interval between prescribed doses.

Directions for use, dosage

Tramal injections instructions for use can be administered intravenously, subcutaneously and intramuscularly.

Tramal tablets and other oral forms instructions for use allow you to use them regardless of the time of meal. When using capsules, they must be washed down; the drops are mixed in a small amount of liquid. You can also drop the required number of drops onto a piece of refined sugar and eat it.

Rectal suppositories are used for insertion into the rectum.

Doses for taking Tramal 200 should be determined by the doctor observing the disease. They are selected depending on how severe the pain syndrome is and where it is localized. It should be noted that the duration of therapy should not be longer than the pain relief occurs.

What kind of drug this is - Tramal, people find out mainly when it is necessary to get rid of serious pain. To relieve pain even at high intensity, a dose of 400 mg of tramadol hydrochloride per day is often sufficient. You can start with a dose of 100 mg to achieve immediate strong effects. Increased doses of Tramal in injections and other forms can be used during periods after operations and for the purpose of treating pain syndromes, which is often necessary in cancer patients.

Side effects of the medicine

Do not forget that Tramal is a drug with a narcotic effect.

If used irrationally, as well as when using Tramal according to the instructions for use in the form of intramuscular injections, the cost of treatment can be considerable. Side effects may appear unexpectedly and for no particular reason.

Tramal tablets should be taken according to the instructions. Otherwise, there is a danger of overdose. Its main symptoms are conditions such as epileptic convulsions, fainting, and coma. Due to an overdose of tramadol, blood pressure can greatly decrease, the pupils constrict and dilate, tachycardia occurs, breathing becomes difficult, and apnea may occur.

The drug Tramal is an opiate agonist. If effects are observed that suggest an overdose, relief can be carried out using morphine agonists. When convulsions occur due to taking doses with a toxic effect, the elimination of convulsions is carried out using drugs belonging to the group of benzodiazepines.

Cost of the drug

For Tramal tablets, the price may vary depending on the policy of the distributor and the purchasing batch. To be allowed to purchase Tramal, a prescription is written in Latin.

In online pharmacies on Tramal, the price may differ from that set in regular branches, to a lesser extent. But those who prefer purchasing online should be reminded that this increases the risk of purchasing a counterfeit or low-quality product with a weak effect.

Additional instructions

Due to the likelihood of complications, in some cases, Tramal is prescribed subject to treatment under the supervision of a physician. This may be the case if the patient has impaired liver and kidney function, with increased intracranial pressure and head injury, or with epilepsy. It is known that opioids cause addiction; drug addicts use Tramal as an opportunity to provide the body with a certain efficiency.

In case of opioid addiction, Tramal is prescribed with caution. The same applies to pain of unknown origin in the abdominal cavity, problems with the functionality of the respiratory organs, and confusion for unknown reasons.

For the drug Tramal Retard, the instructions for use recommend enhanced monitoring of the patient’s condition if he has generalized seizures, but therapy using this drug is recognized as necessary.

If Tramal therapy is prolonged, drug dependence may develop. Therefore, the duration of therapy should be determined by the doctor. The patient should be warned about the need to comply with the dosage prescribed by the healthcare professional during administration and that the drug should not be transferred to other persons. Long-term treatment for chronic pain syndrome can be prescribed only if indicated.

Alcohol consumption during therapy should be avoided. You should also avoid carrying out activities that require intense concentration, since the drug has a strong effect on psychophysical abilities.

Tramal interacts with other medications as follows:

• The substance tramadol can enhance the effect of ethanol, as well as drugs that depress the central nervous system.
• The duration of action of Tramal is reduced if inducers of microsomal oxidation are taken simultaneously with therapy.
• Naloxone can increase respiration and reduce analgesia from opioid use.
• Barbiturates and opioid drugs with long-term use can stimulate cross-tolerance. Barbiturates prolong the effect of anesthesia, anxiolytics can enhance the severity of the effect of drugs containing tramadol.
• Quinidine can increase plasma concentrations of tramadol.

Medicines similar in action to Tramal are Tramal Retard, Tramadol Stada, Tramaclosidol, Tramadol, Plazodol and others.

The active ingredient in these drugs is the same. The price for 20 capsules starts from 224 rubles.

Drug Tramal - reviews

Irina, 43 years old“The drug Tramal was prescribed to relieve pain resulting from cancer. The action, surprisingly, was not always the same. Sometimes after an injection it seems that consciousness is confused, sometimes everything remains unchanged. Painful attacks are stopped properly. But sometimes breathing difficulties arise when you have to use a nebulizer.”

Kirill, 28 years old“The drug absolutely did not suit me. I experienced the reaction of respiratory depression, when you can’t do anything at all - your lungs just give out. Fortunately, I started taking the drug in the hospital, and the doctors managed to provide assistance in time. My therapy was then changed.”

Marina, 38 years old“Tramal can help relieve pain for a long time. It was prescribed to me during the recovery process after a major operation. At first I recovered under the supervision of doctors, the pain was terrible. Tramal injections were prescribed. Everything worked out, the drug helped a lot.”

The drug Tramadol is a synthetic analgesic,
belongs to the group of opioid drugs, has an effect on the central nervous system and spinal cord, causing hyperpolarization of membranes and inhibiting the conduction of pain impulses.

Gives a powerful analgesic effect that lasts for a long time. Activates opiate receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract. Slows down the destruction and stabilizes the concentration of catecholamines in the central nervous system.

The drug Tramadol is a selective agonist of mu-opioid receptors, selectively inhibiting the neuronal reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. The analgesic effect of Tramadol, at the same doses, is 5-10 times weaker than that of morphine.

If the dosage specified in the instructions is followed, Tramadol does not have a significant effect on respiration and hemodynamics, does not change pressure in the pulmonary artery, and does not have a significant slowing effect on intestinal motility.

Has a sedative and mild antitussive effect. With prolonged therapy, tolerance is likely to develop. The analgesic effect occurs 15-30 minutes after internal use of the drug and continues to act for up to 6 hours.

Pharmacokinetics of Tramadol

After oral administration, the drug is approximately 90% absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum concentration of Tramadol in the blood plasma is reached two hours after administration. With a single dose of the drug, bioavailability is 68%, and increases with use.

The drug binds to plasma proteins by 20%. Tramadol can cross the placental barrier at concentrations similar to plasma concentrations. Metabolized to 11 metabolites, of which 1 is active. It is excreted 10% through the intestines and 90% by the kidneys.

Indications for use of Tramadol

Tramadol is used for severe and moderate pain of inflammatory, traumatic and vascular etiology. When performing diagnostic or therapeutic procedures associated with painful sensations. And also in the postoperative period, and for patients with cancer. For mild pain, the use of the drug is not recommended.

Contraindications for the use of Tramadol

• hypersensitivity to Tramadol;
• conditions with depressed breathing or a depressed central nervous system due to alcohol or drug poisoning;
• pregnancy;
• breastfeeding (except for one-time doses);
• taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors;
• severe renal or liver failure.

Tramadol should be used with caution in patients with: drug addiction, confusion, intracranial hypertension, traumatic brain injury, epileptic syndromes (cerebral origin), abdominal pain of unknown origin.

Side effects of Tramadol

According to reviews received, Tramadol may cause side effects such as: increased sweating, dizziness, headache,
weakness, lethargy, paradoxical stimulation of the central nervous system (hallucinations, nervousness, anxiety, agitation, muscle spasms, tremors, euphoria, emotional lability), drowsiness, sleep disturbances, confusion, impaired motor coordination, seizures, depression, amnesia, cognitive impairment , unsteady gait.

Side effects of Tramadol on the digestive system may include: dry mouth, nausea, flatulence, abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea.

From the cardiovascular system in the form of: tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, fainting, collapse.

From the urinary system: difficulty urinating, dysuria, urinary retention.

Side effects are also possible in the form of: allergic reactions, visual disturbances, taste disturbances, and menstrual irregularities.

Long-term use of the drug causes dependence. With abrupt withdrawal, withdrawal syndrome appears.

Overdose

Reviews received about Tramadol overdose show possible manifestations of the following symptoms: collapse, coma, miosis, apnea, vomiting, depression of the respiratory center, convulsions.

Treatment of overdose is carried out by maintaining the airway and maintaining the activity of the cardiovascular system. Naloxone is used to relieve opiate-like effects, and benzodiazepine is used for seizures.

Dosage and methods of application

According to the instructions, Tramadol is used intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, orally and rectally.

Orally: adults and children over 14 years of age, single use - one tablet or capsule of 0.05 g with liquid, or 20 drops of an internal solution with liquid or sugar. Repeated administration is possible after 30-60 minutes, in the same dosage, no more than 8 times a day.

Rectally: 0.1 gram up to 4 times a day.

Intravenously (slowly), subcutaneously and intramuscularly: 0.05-0.1 g. If the effect is insufficient, further infusion at a rate of 12 mg/hour or additional oral administration. The total dose per day should not exceed 0.4 g.

For children over one year of age, only in the form of drops or parenterally, with a dosage of 1-2 mg/kg. Daily dosage up to 8 mg/kg.

For elderly people and patients with kidney failure, a prescription for Tramadol should be filled taking into account individual dosage.

Special instructions

Tramadol should not be used to treat drug withdrawal symptoms. Do not use simultaneously with ethanol. For one-time use, it is permissible not to interrupt breastfeeding. During therapy, persons employed in potentially hazardous work, including driving, should be careful.

Interaction with other drugs

Tramadol is incompatible with solutions of diclofenac, indomethacin, diazepam, nitroglycerin, phenylbutazone, flunitrazepam. Enhances the effect of drugs that depress the central nervous system and ethanol.

With long-term use of barbiturates or opioid analgesics, cross-tolerance develops. When barbiturates are taken in combination with Tramadol, reviews show an increased anesthetic effect.

In combination with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, furazolidone, procarbazine and antipsychotropic drugs, the seizure threshold is reduced and there is a risk of seizures.

Storage of the drug

Tramadol is stored according to rules similar to those for storing morphine and other narcotic drugs. V. Dispensing from pharmacies is only possible upon presentation of a prescription for Tramadol.

Sincerely,

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic, agonist-antagonist at mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors; has a higher affinity for mu receptors. Reduces the reverse synaptic uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in neurons, increasing the serotonergic effect. Along with pain relief, the drug has an antitussive and mild sedative effect.
Bioavailability when administered orally is about 68%, when administered rectally - 70%.
After oral administration, the maximum concentration in the blood plasma is observed after 2 hours. About 20% of tramadol is bound to plasma proteins; half-life is 6 hours. Metabolized in the liver, excreted unchanged and in the form of metabolites in urine (about 90%) and feces (about 10%). Penetrates through the BBB and placental barrier (up to 80%) and into breast milk (0.1%). The volume of distribution is 203 l with intravenous administration and 306 l with oral administration.

Indications for use of the drug Tramadol

Acute and chronic pain syndrome (strong and moderate) in surgery, obstetrics, oncology, rheumatology, orthopedics, dentistry, neurology, myocardial infarction, ischemia of the lower extremities. Also used before surgical operations (for premedication).

Use of the drug Tramadol

The dose depends on the severity of the disease and the individual sensitivity of the patient. Adults and children over 12 years of age are prescribed 50 mg of tramadol per dose with a small amount of liquid. If the effect is insufficient, the same dose can be repeated after 30-60 minutes. The maximum daily dose is 400 mg. Frequency of application - up to 4 times a day.
For children over 1 year of age, tramadol can be prescribed at a dose of 1-2 mg/kg; the maximum daily dose is 4-8 mg/kg.
IV is administered slowly to adults and children over 12 years of age weighing more than 50 kg. The initial dose is 50-100 mg; if there is no effect, the administration can be repeated, but not earlier than after 30-60 minutes; the maximum daily dose is 400 mg. In exceptional cases (in oncology), it is possible to reduce the intervals between injections and increase the daily dose.
Infusion administration: an initial dose of 50-100 mg is administered over 20 minutes, then the infusion is continued at a rate of 12 mg/hour.
IM or SC: initial dose - 50-100 mg, re-administered as needed at 50 mg, but not more than the maximum daily dose. Children over 1 year of age are administered 1-2 mg/kg, the maximum daily dose is 4-8 mg/kg.

Contraindications to the use of Tramadol

Hypersensitivity to tramadol, intoxication with alcohol, sleeping pills and other drugs that depress the central nervous system, withdrawal syndrome in drug addiction, age up to 1 year.

Side effects of the drug Tramadol

Increased fatigue, drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, headache, increased sweating, respiratory depression, decreased blood pressure, nausea, dry mouth, constipation, flatulence, dyspnea, menstrual irregularities. With long-term use - drug dependence.

Special instructions for the use of Tramadol

During pregnancy and breastfeeding, use only according to strict indications.
It is prescribed with extreme caution to patients with drug addiction, confusion, dysfunction of the respiratory center, increased intracranial pressure, convulsive syndrome of cerebral origin, as well as patients with hypersensitivity to opiates. In case of long-term use, the possibility of developing addiction and drug dependence cannot be ruled out. Prescribe with caution in cases of impaired liver and kidney function. During treatment, you should refrain from drinking alcohol, driving vehicles, and operating potentially dangerous machinery.
Not used for the treatment of withdrawal symptoms in drug addiction.

Drug interactions Tramadol

Incompatible with solutions of diclofenac, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, diazepam, flunitrazepam, nitroglycerin. Strengthens the effect of drugs that have a depressant effect on the central nervous system and ethanol. Inducers of microsomal oxidation (including carbamazepine, barbiturates) reduce the severity of the analgesic effect of tramadol and the duration of its action. Long-term use of opioid analgesics or barbiturates stimulates the development of cross-tolerance. Anxiolytics enhance the analgesic effect, the duration of anesthesia increases when combined with barbiturates. Naloxone activates breathing and eliminates the opiate effects caused by the use of opioid analgesics. MAO inhibitors, furazolidone, procarbazine, and antipsychotics when administered simultaneously increase the risk of developing seizures (lowering the seizure threshold). Quinidine increases tramadol plasma concentrations due to competitive inhibition of the CYP 2D6 isoenzyme.

Tramadol overdose, symptoms and treatment

Miosis, vomiting, collapse, coma, convulsions, depression of the central nervous system and respiratory center develop. Opiate effects are eliminated by the administration of naloxone, and convulsive syndrome is eliminated by the administration of benzodiazepines.

List of pharmacies where you can buy Tramadol:

• Saint Petersburg

Active ingredient

Tramadol hydrochloride (tramadol)

Release form, composition and packaging

Pills white with faintly noticeable inclusions, round, flat, slightly rough, chamfered, with a characteristic strawberry smell.

Excipients: lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, crospovidone, macrogol 4000, sodium saccharin, colloidal silicon oxide, flavoring.

10 pcs. - blisters (1) - cardboard packs.
10 pcs. - blisters (2) - cardboard packs.
10 pcs. - blisters (3) - cardboard packs.
10 pcs. - blisters (5) - cardboard packs.

Capsules hard gelatin, with a yellow body and a green cap; the contents of the capsules are white or almost white powder.

Excipients: calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium starch glycolate, magnesium stearate.

Composition of the capsule shell: gelatin, titanium dioxide, yellow iron oxide, indigotine (E132).

10 pcs. - contour cell packaging (1) - cardboard packs.
10 pcs. - contour cell packaging (2) - cardboard packs.
10 pcs. - contour cell packaging (3) - cardboard packs.
10 pcs. - contour cell packaging (5) - cardboard packs.
10 pcs. - contour cell packaging (10) - cardboard packs.

10 ml - dark glass dropper bottle (1) - cardboard packs.
20 ml - dark glass dropper bottle (1) - cardboard packs.
50 ml - dark glass dropper bottle (1) - cardboard packs.
100 ml - dark glass dropper bottle (1) - cardboard packs.

Pharmacological action

Opioid analgesic with a mixed mechanism of action. Refers to centrally acting analgesics. Has a pronounced analgesic effect. Non-selective antagonist of opioid mu-, delta- and kappa receptors in the central nervous system with the highest affinity for mu receptors. Inhibits neuronal reuptake and enhances the release of serotonin. It also has an antitussive effect and does not interfere with gastrointestinal motility.

Duration of action is about 4-8 hours.

Pharmacokinetics

Suction

After administration, tramadol is quickly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (about 90%). Cmax in the blood is determined after approximately 2 hours. Bioavailability is about 70%, does not depend on food intake and increases with repeated use of the drug.

Distribution

Plasma protein binding is about 20%. Tramadol penetrates the BBB and placental barrier. Approximately 0.1% is excreted in breast milk.

Metabolism

Metabolized by demethylation and conjugation to 11 metabolites, only one of which (O-demethyltramadol) has pronounced pharmacological activity (2-4 times higher than the activity of Tramadol).

Removal

Tramadol and its metabolites are excreted mainly by the kidneys (up to 90%) and through the intestines (about 10%). T1/2, regardless of the route of administration, is about 6 hours. In elderly patients, with and with renal failure, the T1/2 value increases.

Indications

— pain syndrome of moderate and severe intensity of various etiologies (postoperative period, trauma, pain in cancer patients);

— for the purpose of pain relief during painful diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Contraindications

- conditions accompanied by respiratory depression or severe depression of the central nervous system (poisoning with alcohol, sleeping pills, narcotic analgesics, psychotropic drugs);

- simultaneous use of MAO inhibitors (and 2 meals after their withdrawal);

- pregnancy;

- lactation period (use is possible only for health reasons);

- age up to 14 years;

- hypersensitivity to the drug.

Dosage

Pills

initial dose - 1 tablet. (50 mg) orally with a small amount of liquid, regardless of meals; if there is no effect within 30-60 minutes, you can take 1 more tablet; at strong pain a single dose can immediately be 100 mg (2 tablets). The effect, depending on the severity of pain, lasts for 4-8 hours. The daily dose of Tramadol should not exceed 400 mg (8 tablets).

The duration and regimen of use are determined by the attending physician

The tablets can be swallowed without chewing, washed down with the required amount of liquid, regardless of meals, or pre-dissolved in 1/2 glass of water.

Capsules

The dose of the drug is selected by the doctor individually depending on the intensity and nature of the pain.

Adults and teenagers over 14 years of age: initial dose - 1 capsule (50 mg) orally with a small amount of liquid, regardless of meals; if there is no effect within 30-60 minutes, you can take 1 more capsule; at severe pain a single dose can immediately be 100 mg (2 capsules). The effect, depending on the severity of pain, lasts for 4-8 hours. The daily dose of tramadol should not exceed 400 mg (8 capsules).

This dosage form should not be prescribed children weighing less than 25 kg and aged less than 14 years.

Elderly patients, patients with impaired liver and kidney function if necessary, the interval between doses of the drug should be increased.

The duration and regimen of use are determined by the attending physician.

Capsules should be swallowed without chewing, with the required amount of liquid, regardless of meals.

Oral solution

The dose of the drug is selected by the doctor individually depending on the intensity and nature of the pain.

Adults and teenagers over 14 years of age: the dose is 50 mg (20 drops). If there is no desired effect, you can take another 20 drops after 30-60 minutes. If necessary, the drug can be taken again after 4-6 hours. The daily dose should not exceed 400 mg (160 drops).

For children aged 1 to 14 years a single dose is 1-2 mg/kg body weight. Approximate dosages for children are given in the table (1 drop of solution corresponds to approximately 2.5 mg of tramadol g/x).

Elderly

patients, patients with impaired liver and kidney function if necessary, increase the interval between doses of the drug. The prescribed number of drops should be taken with a small amount of liquid or with sugar, regardless of meals. The duration and regimen of use are determined by the attending physician.

The bottle with the dispensing device is equipped with a child-proof cap. To open the bottle, press on the cap and rotate from left to right.

Side effects

The most common symptoms are dizziness, nausea, constipation, headache, drowsiness (in 15-30% of patients), vomiting, itching, symptoms of psychostimulant action, asthenia, sweating, dyspepsia, dry mouth, diarrhea (5-15% of patients).

With a frequency of less than 5%, weight loss, hypotension and tachycardia, paresthesia, hallucinations, tremor, abdominal pain, visual disturbances, and urinary retention are possible.

The incidence of side effects increases with increasing duration of drug use. With long-term use in large doses, the possibility of developing drug dependence cannot be ruled out.

About all side effects, incl. not listed above should be reported to your doctor.

Overdose

Symptoms: constriction of the pupils, vomiting, respiratory depression and convulsions.

Treatment: first aid for poisoning is maintaining adequate pulmonary ventilation and symptomatic therapy in a specialized department. In mild cases, gastric lavage is sufficient. The application is not decisive, because does not eliminate all symptoms of poisoning and may cause convulsions. Hemodialysis is not very effective. For convulsions, intravenous administration of diazepam is advisable.

Drug interactions

With the simultaneous use of Tramadol with drugs that have a depressant effect on the central nervous system, as well as with ethanol, their effect may be enhanced.

With simultaneous use of Tramadol with other inducers of metabolic enzymes, the analgesic effect of Tramadol may be weakened.

With systematic use of barbiturates, especially phenobarbital, there is a possibility of reducing the analgesic effect of opioid analgesics.

Long-term use of opioid analgesics or barbiturates stimulates the development of cross-tolerance.

Naloxone activates respiration, eliminating analgesia after the use of opioid analgesics.

Special instructions

In elderly patients, Tramadol is used at increased intervals.

The drug should be used with caution and under the supervision of a physician in patients with impaired renal and liver function, with traumatic brain injuries, increased intracranial pressure, patients with epilepsy, as well as persons with drug dependence on opioids.

Under close medical supervision and in reduced doses, Tramadol should be used against the background of the effects of anesthesia, hypnotics and psychotropic drugs.

The drug should not be combined with narcotic analgesics due to poor predictability of the interaction effect.

With long-term use of carbamazepine, the effect of Tramadol may be weaker.

Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery

While using tramadol, you should not drive a car or do other work that requires increased alertness.

Pregnancy and lactation

During pregnancy, long-term use of Tramadol should be avoided due to the risk of developing addiction in the fetus and withdrawal syndrome in the neonatal period.

If it is necessary to take it during lactation, it should be taken into account that Tramadol is excreted in breast milk in small quantities.

Tramadol is a synthetically produced analgesic, belongs to the group of opioid drugs, has a positive effect on the central nervous system and spinal cord, causing hyperpolarization of membranes, and inhibits the transmission of pain impulses. It has a strong analgesic effect that can last up to 12 hours. Activates opiate receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract. Slows down the destruction and stabilizes the concentration of catecholamines in the central nervous system. Instructions for using Tramadol in ampoules and tablets are in our article.

The drug is available in tablet form and as a solution. The tablets are white or slightly yellowish, flat-cylindrical, with a chamfer.

The active substance of this medicine: tramadol hydrochloride 100 mg. Auxiliary components: potato starch - 100 mg, milk sugar - 295 mg, magnesium - 5 mg. The drug has a mixed mechanical effect.

In what cases is medicine indicated for back pain?

Indications for taking a fairly strong analgesic are only severe pain:

1. Initial stages of neuralgia.
2. Postoperative period.
3. Last stages.
4. Mechanical injuries.
5. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
6. The presence of inflammatory processes in the body.

How to use Tramadol in tablets and ampoules correctly

Tramadol can only be taken after reaching one year of age. A single dose of the drug for oral administration is 50 mg, intramuscularly or intravenously 50-100 mg. If oral administration of the drug does not have a positive result 30 minutes after administration, you can take another dose. But not more than 50 mg. Despite the simplicity of the instructions for using Tramadol in injections and tablets, the drug can only be used in consultation with a doctor.

For unbearable pain, doctors prescribe 500 mg every 4-5 hours.

It is important to know that in this case, only inpatient treatment under strict supervision by a specialist and with the availability of specialized medical equipment is acceptable.

For children from one to 14 years of age, the daily dose of the analgesic is 2 mg per kilogram of weight. Regardless of age, the minimum daily dose is 400 mg. The duration of the entire course of taking Tramadol is determined only by your doctor.

The principle of action of the drug

Tramadol activates opiate receptors in the spinal cord, brain, and gastrointestinal tract. The analgesic effect of the drug is explained by a decrease in nociceptive activity and an increase in antinociceptive functions in the human body.

This medicine may cause the following negative effects:

• fainting states;
• tachycardia;
• collapse;
• diarrhea or, on the contrary, constipation;
• bloating;
• headache in the temple area;
• heavy sweating;
• poor sleep;
• depressive states;
• spasms of the lower extremities;
• memory impairment.

In severe cases, taking the medicine leads to disruption of taste buds, decreased vision, and an unstable menstrual cycle may occur.

Abrupt withdrawal of the drug can lead to sleep disturbances, diarrhea, nausea or even vomiting, and headaches.

Contraindications to the use of analgesics

Like any other medication, Tramadol has a number of contraindications that should be strictly observed:

• individual intolerance to the components of the drug;
• constant attacks of suffocation;
• depressed states, depression;
• abuse of alcohol, drugs or psychotropic drugs;
• severe renal failure;
• pregnancy period 1st trimester;
• lactation period;
• age up to one year.

Overdose

If the body is severely intoxicated with this drug, a person may experience rather unpleasant symptoms. Such as: muscle cramps, miosis, vomiting, in advanced cases it can lead to coma. Treatment of overdose consists of supporting the cardiovascular system and respiratory tract. In order to eliminate seizures, experts recommend taking Benzodiazepine, and to alleviate the general condition of a person, use Naloxone.

But you should not do this yourself; the patient must be urgently transported to the nearest medical care unit.

Similar drugs for pain relief

Analogues of Tramadol according to the personal ATC code: Tramaclosidol, Sintradon, Tramal, Tramolin, Protradon. It is important to know that you should not decide to treat the drug with an analogue without a doctor’s testimony.

Special instructions

With great caution, doctors prescribe painkillers to people who suffer from intracranial hypertension, alcoholism, and epilepsy. Long enough use of this analgesic can cause addiction; while using Tramodol, all alcohol-containing drinks are strictly prohibited.

Cost of medicine

The price of Tramadol in ampoules is about 60 rubles per pack. In tablet form, the cost is 70 rubles. But it is important to know that Tramadol is only available with a doctor's prescription. The doctor makes a prescription on a special form for powerful analgesics.

Drug interactions with other drugs

The analgesic cannot be used in conjunction with Diclafenac and Indomethacin, Nitroglycerin. In addition, painkillers should not be used together with alcoholic beverages. Since it increases the negative effect of the drug.

Lactation and pregnancy period

During pregnancy and breastfeeding, it is best to avoid using the drug and, if necessary, take herbal analgesics. During lactation, it is also better not to take Tramadol, since even in small quantities it will be excreted in breast milk.

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