What pills cause people to die quickly from an overdose? Poisoning can be avoided

Almost every instruction for the use of a particular drug contains an “Overdose” clause, which indicates the consequences that threaten the patient if the drug is “too much.”

As a rule, the lethal dose of the tablets is not indicated there. However, it is necessary to know about this, if only so that in case of accidental ingestion, you can correctly identify the symptoms of poisoning and provide first aid.

There are interesting statistics, albeit for America, but this is not the point. In this country, literally every 19 minutes, one person dies due to overdosing on medications.

The problem of taking lethal doses of pills is quite common today. After all, for poisoning to occur, you need a dose only 10 times higher than normal. Thus, the lethal dose of Phenazepam tablets, a popular tranquilizer, is 10 mg.

The figure for children and the elderly is two times less.

There are a number of reasons for overdoses, among which an important one is people’s love for self-medication. This is also predisposed by the fact that many medications - and by no means harmless ones - are sold in pharmacies without a prescription.

A person can take lethal pills consciously, wanting to commit suicide. But more often it happens that this happens either due to absent-mindedness, or in case of non-compliance with the recommended rules of administration. Such a nuisance can happen to a child who discovers a package of pills and decides to try them like candy. Be that as it may, the person must be saved and done as quickly as possible.

How to determine an overdose?

If the patient has taken an increased dose of tablets, then the body’s reaction will not be unambiguous: it depends on various factors, including gender and age. The disease for which a particular drug is prescribed, as well as possible concomitant ailments, also play a role.

Of course, the symptoms will depend on the type of taken pills, – what properties and mechanism of action they have. Among the brightest and most frequently encountered are the following:

the patient may feel dizzy;
often the condition is aggravated by abdominal pain and stool upset;
the appearance of seizures is observed;
poisoning of this kind threatens depression and respiratory arrest;
vision is impaired;
Hallucinations occur.

Video: Dose Required to Death

Such reactions, in particular, can be caused by paracetamol, a very popular antipyretic and analgesic medicine. The lethal dose of paracetamol in tablets, according to various sources, ranges from 50 to 75 pieces. If we express this in grams, then the figure will be: 10–15 g. But even when taking more than 20 tablets, they are guaranteed big trouble. Thus, the occurrence of acute liver failure can also be added to the reactions described above. In such a situation, if you do not immediately consult a doctor, the only way to save the person within 24 hours is with a liver transplant.

The whole body, as a result of “overdosing” with paracetamol, slowly but surely decomposes, and after a week and a half it can be stated: an overdose of tablets has occurred with a fatal outcome.

The very first aid

Help provided “hot on the heels” can literally save a person’s life. But, nevertheless, if an overdose of pills occurs, what to do before starting any action is to first call an ambulance or call a poison control center and get advice. To do this, you need to know the name of the medicine that the patient took, when approximately this happened, as well as the age of the victim.

First aid for an overdose of tablets before the ambulance arrives will be to rinse the victim’s stomach, causing him to vomit, and thereby preventing the drug from being absorbed into the mucous membranes. This measure is applicable, of course, if the patient is not unconscious, and is especially effective in the first half hour after taking a large dose of medication, but not more than two hours.
In any case, an overdose after gastric lavage will not hurt activated carbon– an excellent adsorbent that can quickly neutralize the medicine. Charcoal tablets You must first grind it and dilute four tablespoons of powder in a glass of water. To neutralize a lethal dose of pills for humans, in particular, aspirin or sleeping pills, 10 grams of activated carbon is enough.
Can be used against the effects of sleeping pills or sedatives regular tea, which contains substances that excite the nervous system.

How to induce vomiting?

Although the symptoms of an overdose of some drugs include vomiting, you should not wait for this to happen by itself, since the drug will already have time to be absorbed, and rinsing in this case is unlikely to help.

Vomiting can be induced in several ways.

An effective solution of dry mustard or salt is to drink at least three glasses, diluting two teaspoons of powder or salt per glass.
You can give the victim a soap solution to drink.
Pressing your palm on the upper abdomen can also cause vomiting.
AND classic version– “two fingers in the mouth”, i.e. put your finger down the throat of an overdose victim.

We must remember, so to speak, about safety precautions: so that the patient does not choke on vomit, vomiting must be induced by placing him on his side or sitting with his head tilted forward.

Video: TOP 5 Lethal Doses of Common Substances

Poisoning can be avoided

I would like to once again quote the usual phrase from the instructions for using medications: store in a place inaccessible to children. And since we are talking about children, it makes sense to remind necessary measures precautions.

Be sure to check whether you are giving the right drug to your child. After all, by any chance in the packaging from the necessary tablets may turn out to be completely different.
It is strictly not recommended to call it delicious candy when persuading a child to take a pill.
To children's medications liquid form As a rule, a pipette or measuring spoon is included. You need to use only them, then the possibility of an overdose will simply be excluded.

Video: TOP 10 UNSUCCESSFUL SUICIDES - Interesting facts

To the question: “What pills can cause death overdose?” – didn’t arise at all, we need to take into account several simple rules. So,

Before you start taking prescribed medications, you should definitely read the contents of the package insert, paying special attention to side effects.
Follow the recommendations of the doctor who prescribed this or that medicine.
If you have received a prescription from different specialists, you should consult with your therapist regarding the compatibility of the prescribed medications. In case of uncertainty or uncertainty, it is better to stop at some safe analogue.
If more than one medication is prescribed, then different tablets Each one is taken individually, and not all in one handful.
No economic considerations should force you to take expired medications.
Observe the rules and storage conditions: temperature, light, moisture, etc. In particular, it is not recommended to keep pills in the bathroom cabinet, no matter how ideally designed it is for this purpose.

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Each of us at least once in our lives has been faced with the need to take activated carbon. This is a sorbent, which is presented in the form of small black tablets. Black coal was used hundreds of years ago. It is desirable that this medication be...

12-year-old Ksyusha Kharisova (name changed) became ill on the evening of April 7. I became very dizzy and started vomiting. The relatives called an ambulance, but the doctors could not help - the schoolgirl died before they arrived.

VERSION 1:

I DID NOT WANT TO GO TO SCHOOL

On her phone they found a screenshot from an online forum with chilling text: it described how to take a lot of pills so as not to die, but to end up in the hospital. A version appeared: “The girl committed suicide so as not to go to school.”

The school disagrees.

Yes, this is just nonsense! - the head teacher is indignant educational work Natalya Kapitonova. - Ksyusha loved school, did not skip classes, her grades got better every year - only fours and fives. On the day of her death, we appointed her to be on duty at school for the next day, and she clapped her hands with joy!

My classmates speak loudly: I studied well and didn’t have conflicts with teachers. She was beautiful, everyone loved her. And when she lived a little in Moscow with her dad, she became a favorite of teachers - after school in the capital! And why ruin her health in order to skip classes, if at school she was at her best, could assert herself, feel important and needed?

Unbelievable...

But at Ksyusha’s home everything was difficult. The parents lived in a civil marriage for only a year, and a daughter was born. Then my father married his school friend. The girl’s mother drank heavily and did not raise her daughter. Ksyusha moved to her father when she was three years old. But she didn’t stop going to see her mother (by the way, trouble happened in her house). The child, as often happens, began to be torn between two families. And all the adults in this story desperately did not get along with each other.

VERSION 2:

TRIED TO ATTRACT PARENTS' ATTENTION

Ksyusha’s mother’s house is located on the outskirts of Nizhny Novgorod, near railway. It's dark and dirty inside.

Our Ksyushenka is a beauty... - grandmother Galina Viktorovna cries. - Yes, she was fine with us, but her father forcibly took her away. He said as if there was nothing to eat here. We have everything, we just don’t spoil it. Here the sweets had to be divided among everyone, but there only one person got everything. The father became interested in his own daughter only when they filed for child support!

In the house new family Ksyusha has not yet lost the smell of valerian. The girl's father, forgetting himself, keeps calling his daughter by name...

Yes, we forcibly took Ksyusha from that barracks! What’s a child to do there? She slept on the floor, there was no room. Mother, you say? Yes, she doesn’t show herself to anyone, she lost it from drinking human form. At the funeral I drank two liters of vodka. I spent all my days with Ksyusha, we went to school together, home together,” says Galina Vadimovna, the second grandmother, she raised the girl almost from birth. She works as a cleaner at Ksyusha's school.

They say that the girl was forbidden to go to Nizhny Novgorod. There is dirt, an always drunk mother, and always some men. But Ksyusha was drawn to her older half-sister, 16-year-old Angelina. And she, of course, loved her mother - after all soul mate. Only in six years of her child’s education at school, the woman came there twice, and could go without calling her daughter for six months.

It was her mother who brought her to this! - Ksyusha’s grandmother and new mother vying with each other. - Imagine, I gave Ksyukha a cheap Chinese phone, and a few days later the operatives came and said that the phone was stolen. Our girl had to take him to Nizhny Novgorod herself, just before his death. She was very nervous then...

By the way, on the forums, similar to that, which Ksyusha read, people are discussing how to get to the hospital so that your relatives will take pity on you and finally pay attention. The advice is absolutely wild: like “breathe a little gas and lose consciousness.” Maybe the girl was really desperate to get her mother’s attention and was trying to express how bad and lonely she was?

VERSION 3:

HEART ATTACK

The blood pressure pills they talk about are really mine, but Ksyusha never took them, the grandmother on my dad’s side is sure. - She carried them in her purse for me, reminding me to drink.

Relatives say that the girl is lately I didn’t feel well: constant headaches, my arm was going to be paralyzed. So far, the conclusion states that the cause of death is heart failure. But she developed from taking grandma's pills or there were congenital health problems - it is not clear. You will most likely have to wait at least a month for the results of the examination. The investigation is being carried out by the Republican Department of the Investigative Committee.

Drug poisoning is a fairly common problem in outpatient treatment.

It may occur for the following reasons:

Incorrect self-medication. Many people often neglect to consult with qualified specialist, and try to cure the onset of the disease on their own. At the same time, a person without medical education may prescribe the wrong dosage, fail to take into account all the factors that led to deterioration in health, or simply make a mistake with the diagnosis.
Random error. It often occurs if the patient has to independently control the drug intake. In this case, an overdose due to forgetfulness, or incorrect use of a medical prescription due to poor eyesight. Most often, elderly people suffer from such errors.
The drug has expired. It should be monitored, especially in the case of long-term use medicines. It is advisable not to throw it away completely course treatment packaging of the drug, as well as instructions for its use.
Concomitant use of incompatible medications. Some medications have the property of enhancing each other's effects. The doctor takes this circumstance into account when prescribing medications; detailed information Manufacturers also write in the instructions, but mistakes still happen.
Imaginary or actual suicide attempt. Reception large quantity medications with hypnotic effect or any other can be used to commit suicide. Adolescents and people with various mental disorders are at risk.
Children's curiosity. If parents leave unattended home first aid kit, or the medications they take are in the public domain, small child Might try colored tablets out of interest. Moreover, the consequences of intoxication can be much more serious due to children’s weak immunity.

The difficulty of drug poisoning is that it is usually not easy to determine the cause of a change in the patient’s well-being - similar symptoms are also typical for food poisoning. Apart from the victim, no one knows what drugs were taken. In the meantime, the condition will rapidly deteriorate, and assistance must be provided immediately.

What drugs can cause poisoning?

IN general case poisoning can occur as a result of an overdose or taking an inappropriate medicine. Incorrect use will lead to poisoning only when it was taken potent drug, and the effect it has is significant for the entire organism. In this case, it is possible adverse consequences also due to the lack of truly necessary medical care.

In excess permissible quantity With tablets, things are a little different. Symptoms of drug overdose depend on whether the overuse was one-time or regular. In this case, specialists distinguish between acute or chronic poisoning. At acute intoxication the symptoms will be pronounced, and the deterioration in health will be sharp; chronic is characterized by blurred symptoms and difficulty in diagnosing.

The greatest threat to health and life is posed by poisoning from the following groups of drugs:

antihistamines;
analgin and its derivatives;
antipyretic medications;
hypnotic;
sedatives;
opiates;
drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Their overdose poses the greatest threat to health and can lead to serious consequences - up to fatal outcome.

Depending on the purpose taken drug, poisoning will be accompanied by the following symptoms:

Glycosides cause a slowing of the heartbeat and pulse, even to a complete stop. Severe intoxication is accompanied by delirium and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
Antipyretic drugs and analgin derivatives destabilize the functioning of the nervous system, changing the processes of inhibition and excitation. As a result, they have a vasodilating effect, which helps reduce body temperature and excessive sweating. Painful weakness, dizziness, loss of consciousness are possible, and with a significant overdose - coma, respiratory and cardiac arrest.
Aspirin and products containing this component in their composition provoke sharp pain V epigastric region, excessive drooling and shortness of breath. The patient experiences vomiting, decreased temperature, chills, and severe intoxication- violation visual function And heart rate.
Sleeping pills taken in excessive quantities destabilize the functioning of the nervous system. These processes are manifested by loss of consciousness, various paresis and paralysis. There may be difficulty breathing and loss of coordination.
Antihistamines in case of overdose lead to painful weakness, sharp dilation of the pupils, nervous excitement and the occurrence of hallucinations. Loratadine, a popular anti-allergy drug, causes headache, drowsiness and tachycardia.
An overdose of tranquilizers causes depression of the central nervous system, impairment respiratory function, convulsions and tremors. The victim's vision and speech deteriorate, and hallucinations occur.
Excessive intake of penicillin changes the odor of the skin and breath - they acquire an aroma reminiscent of horse sweat.
Belladonna tincture, or atropine, dilates the pupils, causing dry mouth and a feverish flush. No-spa and papaverine lead to similar symptoms.
Antibiotic poisoning is especially dangerous: symptoms include fever up to 39–40 degrees, headache, confusion, nausea and vomiting. Possible stool upset, destabilization of blood pressure, increased heart rate, aches in muscles and joints. Some groups of antibiotics have specific effect. Tetracycline, provokes itchy skin and pain in the right hypochondrium, and aminoglycosides cause hearing loss. Sulfonamides can cause kidney failure, accompanied by acute and severe pain in the lumbar region. In some cases, problems with urination, fever and an itchy skin rash are observed.
Color change skin– a common occurrence in drug poisoning. Exceeding the dosage boric acid accompanied by redness, iodine - blanching, and bromine-based preparations lead to a brown tint.

Overdose of any narcotic drugs characterized by disorientation, drowsiness, dizziness, loss of consciousness. Irregular breathing, pale skin, and bluish lips. IN in rare cases poisoning is accompanied by nausea and vomiting, low blood pressure and coma.

Poisoning with pills: what to do at home, emergency care

The main rule in case of drug overdose is immediate response. If you suspect that one of your loved ones has been poisoned, or after taking medication you feel sharp deterioration, call an ambulance immediately.

Before the medical team arrives, do the following:

Find out the quantity and name of the drug taken. If you personally have been poisoned, it is better to write down this information and leave it in a visible place, since loss of consciousness is possible. If possible, call someone (family, friends, neighbors) for help.
If no more than half an hour has passed since taking the medication, it is necessary. To do this, the victim is given a large amount of warm liquid to drink (water, tea, herbal infusion) and press with your fingers on the root of the tongue. 30 minutes after taking the drugs, this measure will no longer be effective: most components of the drugs are quickly absorbed into the blood.
Provide the patient drinking plenty of fluids. Drinks that envelop the mucous membrane - jelly, rice water - are especially useful. They interfere with the absorption of many drugs. The benefits of milk in case of poisoning, according to doctors, are controversial: it can only help in some cases, but fat-soluble toxins will be absorbed faster.
Some toxic substances can be removed using enterosorbents - activated or white coal, Polysorb, Smecta, or any others. Be sure to tell your doctors if you are taking any medications, as they may obscure your symptoms.
A cold compress, ice pack, frozen food bag, or damp towel placed on the forehead will tighten the capillaries and help protect the brain from toxins.

All of the above first aid measures can only be applied when the person is conscious.

If the patient is in fainting, these actions are prohibited. It is permissible to provide only the following assistance:

Check the victim's mouth for any remaining tablets. Found medications should be carefully removed and subsequently handed over to doctors.
Place the patient in horizontal position turning his head to the side. When gagging occurs, this will prevent the patient from choking. Forcibly inducing vomiting is prohibited.
Pull the tongue out and fix it in such a position so that the person does not accidentally choke on it. It is tied with gauze or a bandage to a tablespoon or any similar object.
Monitor the condition of the victim, and if breathing or cardiac activity stops, take immediate resuscitation measures ( indirect massage heart, artificial respiration).

What not to do if poisoned

In case of drug poisoning, it is prohibited:

cause vomiting in case of cardiac dysfunction - high risk of heart attack or ischemia;
rinse the stomach during pregnancy or under 5 years of age;
drink sparkling water;
accept additional medications, in addition to enterosorbents, a combination of several medications will only worsen the patient’s condition;
leave the victim unattended.

Lethal doses of tablets

Quite harmless drugs available in the market can lead to death. free sale:

Phenazepam is a sedative and hypnotic drug, often used in the treatment of alcohol addiction. The lethal dosage depends on many associated factors– conditions of the liver, kidneys and heart, combination with alcoholic beverages. The duration of taking phenazepam also influences - over time, the patient develops addiction, so the damage of an overdose will not be so detrimental to the body.
Analgin, the most popular anti-inflammatory drug, can be fatal if taken in excess of 5 grams. This is an average value that varies depending on the patient’s body weight and general condition.
Drotaverine is a common antispasmodic used as an anesthetic for stomach colic, dysmenorrhea and other diseases. Death occurs after taking 40–60 tablets.
Clonidine (capressin, clonidine and others trade names) – a drug for lowering blood pressure, treating migraines and dysmenorrhea. It is often used for criminal purposes - in combination with alcohol it has a hypnotic effect and can be fatal; the dosage depends on individual characteristics body.
Amitriptyline is an antidepressant with sedative and hypnotic effects. Often used for stabilization mental state, treatment of neuroses and depression various etiologies. The lethal dose is individual, sharing in combination with alcohol increases the risk to the victim’s life. The danger of the drug is that patients taking it already suffer from mental disorders and may be prone to suicidal thoughts.

Consequences of drug overdose

The victim is prescribed special diet, put in IVs, carry out laboratory tests to assess the condition of all organs and systems. Special attention focus on the kidneys, liver, central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract.

Doctors use drugs reverse effect, and also carry out symptomatic therapy. Some medications contain antidotes that can minimize the effects of toxins. For most painkillers, acetylcysteine is such an antidote, but its self-administration at home is not recommended. At in serious condition the patient may be prescribed hemodialysis.

After rehabilitation, most functions are restored, but it is also possible serious consequences. Thus, an overdose of antibiotics can cause hearing impairment for a significant period. The results of such intoxication depend on the speed of first aid, the patient’s health condition and the number of tablets he took.

In case of poisoning drugs An investigation is required, and the patient is prescribed replacement medications. If a suicide attempt is confirmed, the patient needs psychological and psychiatric help.

What pills can cause poisoning? Any medicines If used incorrectly, they can lead to severe poisoning and intoxication. In severe cases, instant death may occur. This article discusses a fatal overdose of tablets, symptoms of poisoning with various drugs, methods of providing first aid, and components of treatment in a hospital setting.

Causes of drug poisoning

Drug overdose can occur for many reasons. It most often develops in people who take medications without consulting a doctor or change the dosage without permission. Below are the main reasons why pill poisoning can develop.

Self-medication, taking medications not approved by the attending physician. Sometimes people take drugs on the advice of friends, neighbors, or relatives.
Taking large doses of the drug in critical or emergency situations. For example, when the body temperature rises, people, in an effort to quickly bring it down, drink large doses of medications and combine them with each other. Such uncontrolled use of drugs often leads to fatal poisoning.
A person taking medications that are contraindicated for him due to his age or health condition. For example, the drug aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is deadly for children, it causes Reye's syndrome in them and leads to rapid death from internal bleeding.
A fatal overdose of pills can occur in children who have eaten pills left behind by adults. Kids love to taste everything, they are interested in everything. All medications available at home should be stored in inaccessible place for children.
Overdose of drugs for the purpose of suicide (suicide). Most often, people use sleeping pills and tranquilizers for this purpose. They cause relatively easy death from overdose.
Drug poisoning due to taking them with alcoholic beverages.
A dangerous combination of drugs. In the instructions for the drugs, you should carefully read the list of drugs with which they cannot be combined.
Premeditated murder. Medicines can deliberately poison a person. Some drugs in large doses are potent poisons for a person.

Please note that for each person the lethal dosage of any drug is purely individual. It depends on the person’s weight and age, and whether he or she has any diseases.

Features of the clinical picture of drug overdose

Anyone can be poisoned to death by pills. Death is possible at a certain dose of any drug. Below we will look at the symptoms of poisoning with the most common medications.

Sleeping pills, sedatives

Sleeping pills and sedatives are dangerous to human life. You can get an overdose of them unintentionally, during some stressful situation. A person, wanting to calm down or sleep after emotional stress, can take a large dose of medicine, trying to achieve fast action drug.

To strong sedatives and sleeping pills include:

barked;
phenobarbital;
bromital;
medinal;
teraligen;
barbital.

These substances, getting into digestive system, are quickly absorbed and act. They can cause death in 15-30 minutes. Below are the symptoms that develop with an overdose of sleeping pills.

Increased drowsiness, weakness and lethargy. On initial stage poisoning, you can still establish contact with a person, talk, ask him something. Then develops deep sleep, in severe cases - coma. As a rule, when poisoned by these drugs, people die in their sleep.
A decrease in all reflexes develops due to depression of the central nervous system.
Hyperthermia. For poisoning sleeping pills characterized by a rise in body temperature to 40 degrees.
It is possible to develop vomiting during sleep. Due to a decrease in the severity of the swallowing and gag reflex, aspiration of vomit into the respiratory tract and respiratory arrest develops.
Slow breathing. The person begins to breathe slowly and shallowly, with a frequency of less than 10 breaths per minute. This change is due to oppression respiratory center in the brain. If you are poisoned by sleeping pills, you can die from respiratory arrest.
Bradycardia (slow heart rate) and hypotension (low blood pressure).
Convulsions and hallucinations may develop.

Tranquilizers

A severe overdose of tranquilizers often leads to death. These drugs act on the central and peripheral nervous system, as well as breathing and heart function. Tranquilizers are taken strictly according to prescription, and even slight deviation from the dosage prescribed by the doctor can cause poisoning. Below is a list of drugs in this group:

Elenium;
napothon;
seduxen;
diazepam;
oxazepam;
tazepam;
eunoctine;
librium;
radedorm.

The clinical picture of poisoning with tranquilizers is the same as for poisoning with sleeping pills.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most common medications. These drugs include:

paracetamol (efferalgan, panadol);
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin);
analgin;
ibuprofen (nurofen);
ketorolac (ketanov, ketolong);
nimesulide (nimesil);
indomethacin

Drugs in this group have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Some reduce body temperature (paracetamol, ibuprofen). Aspirin is used to thin the blood.

Poisoning not to death NSAID drugs most often develops as a result of an overdose in order to accelerate their action. For example, feeling severe pain, the person accepts more medicine.

Please note that if used by children acetylsalicylic acid(aspirin) rapid death may occur. Children do not have the enzyme to process this drug. They develop Reye's syndrome. Therefore, this drug is strictly prohibited for children.

Symptoms of poisoning with NSAID drugs resemble intestinal poisoning. The patient has a stomach ache, vomiting and diarrhea, general weakness, and dizziness. A decrease in body temperature, development of hand tremors, and a feeling of anxiety and restlessness are also possible. By themselves, medications in this group rarely lead to death. Dangerous are the complications that can be caused by taking these drugs in large dosages, namely:

gastrointestinal bleeding. All NSAIDs irritate the gastric mucosa and duodenum. If you take a lot of these drugs, damage to the integrity may develop vascular wall in the submucosal ball of these organs. Gastrointestinal bleeding manifested by dark vomit, black stool (melena), pallor and bluish skin, severe weakness, drowsiness, increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure. A person may die due to large blood loss;
acute pancreatitis is a non-infectious inflammation of the pancreas, in which necrotic death of its tissue develops. This pathology can be caused by an overdose of NSAIDs. The patient develops severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, flatulence and diarrhea. Small purple hemorrhagic spots may appear on the skin of the abdomen. Body temperature rises to 39 degrees. This is a disease without surgical intervention leads to death;
acute liver failure may develop due to taking a large number of drugs that the liver is not able to neutralize. The patient's skin, mucous membranes and sclera of the eyes turn yellow, and pain appears in the right hypochondrium. Consciousness may be impaired. Death may occur due to liver failure;
kidney failure, in which the kidneys are unable to cope with their function and cleanse the blood. This pathology can occur when toxic damage nephrons ( structural units kidneys) with anti-inflammatory drugs.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are drugs that are widely used in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. They are prescribed by a doctor, who discusses with the patient the rules for both administration and dosage.

The table below shows the features clinical picture in case of overdose of various antibacterial agents.

Group name antibacterial drugs and medicines	Symptoms and signs
Penicillins, cephalosporins (amoxil, ceftriaxone, cefodox)	nausea, vomiting and diarrhea; attacks of general convulsions (as in an epileptic seizure); redness and itching of the skin (acute urticaria); arrhythmia (due to an imbalance of potassium in the blood); mental agitation or stupor.
Tetracycline	severe pain in the stomach; nausea, profuse vomiting; arrhythmia; convulsions; Quincke's edema.
Levomycetin	nausea and vomiting; headache; anorexia (lack of appetite); heartburn; diarrhea; When this drug is used in large doses, acute cardiovascular failure may develop.
Fluoroquinolones	renal failure (edema, decreased urine output) disruption of the heart and breathing; fainting, impaired consciousness.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines are used for allergic pathologies. They can be prescribed when allergic dermatitis, hives, atopic dermatitis etc. These drugs block the production of histamine, the main mediator that triggers allergic reactions. Some drugs also have a mild hypnotic effect. When treating them, a person is prohibited from driving a car.

Drugs in this group include:

loratadine;
suprastin;
diphenhydramine;
diazolin;
pipolfen.

Symptoms of poisoning antihistamines appear in 15-30 minutes. When consumed lethal dose a person can die in an hour.

In case of overdose antihistamines is primarily affected nervous system. Symptoms of poisoning with these drugs include:

feeling severe dryness V oral cavity and eyes, thirst;
increase in body temperature to 38-39 degrees;
nausea followed by vomiting;
first, general excitement develops, which sharply changes to inhibition;
hand trembling;
seizures of the epilepsy type;
tachycardia, possible heart rhythm disturbance;
change in blood pressure, at first it rises sharply, and then also quickly decreases to critical numbers;
loss of coordination, staggering;
increased drowsiness;
gradual descent into a deep coma.

Medicines to lower blood pressure

Poisoning from heart pills is very common among the population. At heart attack or a sharp rise in blood pressure, a person may drink a lot different drugs, fearing for his life.

Also, an overdose of such drugs can develop in older people, who may forget that they took the drug and take it again.

Please note that when taking beta blockers (for example, anaprilin) by people who are sick bronchial asthma, rapid death may develop.

Names of popular antihypertensive drugs:

captopril;
lozap;
enalapril;
amiodarone;
anaprilin;
magnesium sulfate;
metoprolol;
nebivolol;
nifedipine.

In case of poisoning antihypertensive drugs the patient falls sharply blood pressure, nausea and vomiting may develop, and consciousness may be impaired. This condition is deadly and can lead to respiratory and heart failure.

What to do in case of drug overdose

At the slightest suspicion of an overdose of any medicine you need to urgently call an ambulance. By phone, inform the dispatcher about what happened, list the patient’s symptoms and accurately state your location.

Remember that trying to cure a person from a drug overdose on your own is very dangerous. He may die in your arms, and you will not be able to help him. In order not to endanger his life, immediately contact medical care.

What to do while waiting for doctors? The arrival time of the EMS team depends on many factors (for example, traffic congestion, availability of doctors at the time of the call). While waiting for the EMS team, you need to start providing first aid to the poisoned person. first aid at home. The prognosis for the patient’s life may depend on it. Its main components are presented below.

In order to clear the stomach of the remainder of the drugs taken, you need to drink a liter of water in one gulp and induce vomiting. For best result This washing should be repeated several times.

This procedure is not carried out if:

impaired consciousness of the patient;
the appearance of black or bloody vomit.

There is no need to add a solution of potassium permanganate or any other components to the gastric lavage solution. You can't know which chemical reaction they will enter with the drugs that poisoned the person.

Cleansing enema

The enema is done using ordinary boiled water. The temperature of the colonic lavage fluid should be neutral (room temperature).

Sorbents

These medications will help bind and remove medications that remain in the digestive tract.

Sorbents that are taken in liquid form (for example, smecta or atoxyl) act faster. But if you don’t have these at home, give the patient any other sorbent, even activated carbon will do.

Before giving the drug to a person, read the dosage rules that are described in the instructions for it.

Drink

The liquid will reduce the concentration of the drug in the blood and accelerate its excretion by the kidneys, reducing dehydration. You can drink mineral water or plain water, tea with sugar.

Actions in case of loss of consciousness

If the patient loses consciousness, you need to monitor him until the doctors arrive so that he does not choke on vomit or his tongue. Turn his head to the side; in this position, the risk of aspiration is minimal.

To improve blood flow to the head and heart, raise his legs and fix them in this position.

Before doctors arrive, monitor his pulse and breathing. If they stop, start performing indirect closed cardiac massage.

What to do if you develop seizures

The only thing you can do is hold the person’s head so that he doesn’t hit it on the floor.

Remember that a person during seizure You should not put anything in your mouth, especially your fingers.

Medical treatment

Doctors from the ambulance, upon arriving at the call, will conduct a quick examination and assessment of the condition of the poisoned person. Show them the drug he took and tell them as accurately as possible the number of pills he took. You should also describe the amount of assistance that you managed to provide to the victim yourself.

Doctors will try to stabilize the victim’s condition and take him to the nearest hospital. In case of drug poisoning, treatment is carried out in the toxicology department. Patients in critical condition are admitted to the ward intensive care(resuscitation).

Treatment may consist of hemodialysis, the introduction of antidotes, IVs, drugs to support breathing and heart function. What will happen to a person and what result to expect from treatment, only a doctor can say after examining the patient and objective assessment his condition.

Drug poisoning can be fatal. Treatment for this condition is carried out in a hospital setting. The prognosis depends on the amount of the drug taken, active substance, timeliness of seeking medical help. Treat yourself drug overdose it is forbidden.

Now there are many most various drugs for the treatment of almost all common diseases. However, besides that medical supplies help to heal, they can cause harm. So, it all depends on individual sensitivity, chemical composition the drug, its dosage and correct storage. Violation of even one indicator can provoke intoxication of the body or even death.

Drug overdose- This common occurrence, which is acute clinical situation. In addition, you need to understand that intoxication can occur from absolutely any drug if the dose is exceeded. Overdose often occurs from drugs such as central nervous system stimulants, sedatives and sleeping pills, as well as antidepressants.

Firstly, before taking any medicine, you should always carefully study the leaflet with instructions. Particular attention should be paid to contraindications and side effects.

Secondly, always listen to the advice of your doctor, as he can choose the optimal dosage of the drug. In addition, you need to take into account the fact that children are strictly prohibited from giving tablets that are designed for the body of an adult.

Thirdly, you should always follow the rules for taking medications, as you can violate pharmacological action tablets.

Fourth, always pass full course treatment. Many patients believe that if they feel better, they can stop treatment. However, this is a misconception.

Fifthly, pay attention to the shelf life of the tablets. Taking expired or counterfeit medications means risking your health.

Sixth, take the tablets only with clean water.

Overdose of prescription drugs

Such medications can be divided into several groups:

Overdose of drugs sold without prescription

It is necessary to highlight intoxication with drugs that are on sale. The list of such drugs includes the following:

Aspirin. This medication is very often used in self-medication, but few people know that it can cause death.
Paracetamol. A lethal dose of paracetamol can destroy brain cells and cause severe intoxication.
Loperamide. Few people know that these pills can be addictive and have many other unpleasant side effects.

An overdose of which pills can cause death?

What pills can kill you?

Firstly, it's phenazepam. This medicine can provide harmful influence on mental processes. The lethal dose of phenazepam directly depends on associated factors. Thus, phenazepam is absolutely incompatible with alcohol and can be addictive.

Secondly, this is analgin. This drug is one of the most popular anti-inflammatory drugs. The lethal dose of analgin can be about 5 grams. However, you must always take into account the weight and individual intolerance. Death often occurs due to severe infectious complications which are very difficult to treat. Sometimes an overdose of analgin can manifest itself through acute renal failure or through hemorrhage.

Thirdly, it is amitriptyline. Taking amitriptyline and alcohol at the same time may cause acute poisoning. And as a result, a person may die due to respiratory arrest or heart failure.

Fourthly, this is drotaverine. Poisoning with drotaverine can lead to complications and death. The lethal dose is 40–60 tablets, depending on the individual characteristics of the person.

How can you tell if someone is overdosing?

Symptoms of overdose or poisoning directly depend on what medicine was taken. The main symptoms include:

Nausea and vomiting;
Abdominal pain and disorders;
Convulsions;
Dizziness;
Hallucinations.

Such reactions are caused by an overdose of painkillers or paracetamol.

First aid

In case of poisoning or drug overdose, it is very important to provide first aid correctly, since not only health, but also human life depends on it. First of all need to call " emergency assistance» , and indicate how old the victim is and what medicine the patient took.

What follows rinse the stomach and, if possible, induce vomiting in the victim. Such measures will help prevent the active substance from entering the mucous membranes. You can use activated charcoal to cleanse your stomach. And in order to eliminate the manifestation of poisoning by sleeping pills or sedatives You can use regular tea.

What consequences can there be from an overdose?

In addition to death, perhaps many more others unpleasant consequences . Thus, severe intoxication can cause a serious blow to life important bodies. And if the overdose was intentional, then you will need a consultation session with a psychiatrist who will help you understand the reasons for such an act and prevent re-poisoning.