Diffuse pneumosclerosis code according to ICD 10. What is pulmonary fibrosis, why is it dangerous, symptoms and treatment
Pneumofibrosis is actually the final stage (outcome) of a chronic disease of the lung tissue. The outcome of long-term pathology leads to the fact that even the appearance of the lungs deteriorates significantly. They become like an organ eaten away by ulcers. In medicine, this type of lung is called a “honeycomb lung.”
Features of chronic diseases of the lung tissue (these diseases are called interstitial) are associated with inflammatory processes in the interstitial tissue (the so-called connective tissue of the lungs). Part of this tissue is called interstitium. Small blood vessels pass through this tissue, through which the gas exchange function is carried out (carbon dioxide is exhaled, oxygen is taken for transfer to the body cells).
In a healthy state, interstitial tissue is very thin and practically invisible on x-ray examination. But in chronic diseases, due to inflammation, it begins to thicken, become covered with edema and scars (the same pleuropneumofibrosis develops). The simplest symptom of this transformation is shortness of breath.
Pneumofibrosis is a consequence of inflammatory and/or dystrophic processes in the lungs, in which the lung tissue is replaced by connective tissue. In this case, the formation of a “honeycomb lung” is noted with the formation of cavities and cysts in the lung itself. Fibrosis is a “holey” lesion of the lung tissue.
Pneumofibrosis belongs to the general group of pneumosclerotic pulmonary pathology along with pneumosclerosis and cirrhosis of the lungs. Such conditions differ from each other in that of all, pneumofibrosis is characterized by the slowest rate of proliferation of connective tissue.
For reference. More often, pneumofibrosis develops in males.
Pneumofibrosis of the lungs - what is it?
Currently, pneumofibrosis is, unfortunately, becoming more common. This is explained by the fact that:
- The influence of harmful substances on the lungs is constantly increasing. The air we breathe is becoming dirtier every day and is slowly destroying lung tissue.
- The frequency of chronicization of pathological processes in the lung tissue is increasing, which steadily lead to the development of pneumofibrosis.
The basis of pneumofibrosis is a gradual change in the elasticity of the lungs and a deterioration in gas exchange processes.
Replacement of lung tissue by connective tissue occurs gradually. In general, the dynamics of this process can be characterized by several stages of development:
- Progressive hypoxia in the lungs. Lack of oxygen activates fibroblasts - connective tissue cells, which, during hypoxia, begin to actively produce collagen. It is this constantly formed collagen that represents the connective tissue that replaces the pulmonary tissue.
- Violation of pulmonary ventilation. Under normal physiological conditions, lung tissue is elastic and actively participates in the breathing process. As the elasticity of the lung tissue increases, it becomes more difficult for the body to stretch it in order to perform full breathing movements. Under such conditions, the pressure inside the lungs begins to increase, the walls of the alveoli are compressed.
Normally, the alveoli should straighten when inhaling, but since pneumofibrosis gradually covers the lung, many alveoli can no longer perform their functions, as they are damaged by connective tissue. In turn, the connective tissue does not have sufficient elastic properties and the alveoli, which lose their elasticity, cease to participate in respiratory movements.
This happens because weak alveoli require virtually no effort to stretch, the pressure in them decreases and they simply begin to collapse. Such areas are excluded from the breathing process, oxygen does not enter them, and the functional surface of the lungs decreases.
- Violation of drainage functions. Inflammation of the bronchial wall leads to swelling. The ability to drain inflammatory secretions (exudate) is significantly reduced and accumulation occurs. Against the background of the constant accumulation of inflammatory fluid, favorable conditions develop for the occurrence of an infection, which will lead to inflammation of all other areas of the lung.
At the same time, the bronchi begin to become clogged, the intrapulmonary pressure changes, and the lobe or area of the lung with such affected bronchi begins to collapse, not taking part in respiratory movements.
- Violation of lymph and blood circulation. The growth of connective tissue leads to compression of the pulmonary vessels. Congestion begins to develop in such arteries and veins. If this situation continues for a long time, the stagnant fluid begins to sweat through the vascular walls, forming areas of effusion. Such areas, not finding a way out, also begin to be replaced by connective tissue, further worsening the condition of the lungs.
For reference. The result of such disorders is respiratory failure.
Causes of pneumofibrosis
The development of pneumofibrosis is a long process that can last several decades. In the development of this condition there are 
a number of reasons:
- Syphilis.
- Tuberculosis.
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.
- Heredity.
- Constant inhalation of dust and harmful gases.
- Diseases of the cardiopulmonary system with symptoms of stagnation.
- Chest injuries.
- Ionizing radiation.
- Hypoxia.
- The use of certain medicinal substances with a high toxicity profile.
- Fungal, viral, bacterial infections of the lungs.
- Pulmonary atelectasis.
- Fibrosing alveolitis.
- Silicosis and other occupational diseases of lung tissue.
- Vasculitis.
Any of these reasons sooner or later becomes the direct cause of loss of pulmonary function due to the proliferation of connective tissue.
For reference. With weakened immunity, even minor infections of the bronchi and lungs accelerate the development of pneumosclerosis.
Pneumofibrosis of the lungs consequences
The consequences of pulmonary fibrosis are obvious - the steady progression of connective tissue proliferation leads to loss of vital lung capacity, loss of functionally active lung tissue, depletion of blood oxygen, hypoxia and the development of respiratory failure, which ultimately, in the vast majority of cases, causes death in patients.
We should not forget about the development of pulmonary heart failure due to pneumofibrosis. The consequences of this process are accompanied by loss of consciousness, edema syndrome and the development of right ventricular hypertrophy.
Symptoms of pneumofibrosis
The leading clinical sign of pulmonary fibrosis is shortness of breath. At the onset of the disease, it occurs with severe physical 
loads, and later - at rest.
In general, the symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis depend on its type, but there are common signs that are observed in all patients:
- Development of cough with the release of viscous sputum, which contains blood and pus.
- Chest pain, worse when coughing.
- Blue discoloration of the skin, which first begins with acrocyanosis and then spreads to the entire surface of the skin. This phenomenon is associated with increasing hypoxia.
- Weakness, fatigue.
- Loss of body weight.
- Frequent alternation of low and high body temperature.
- Later, wheezing appears in the lungs.
- Protrusion of the neck veins.
- Increased symptoms of the underlying disease, which became the cause of pulmonary fibrosis.
The progression of the disease is accompanied by the appearance of characteristic signs:
- Changes in the fingers of the upper extremities (“Hippocratic fingers”) - in this case, the phalanges thicken, the nails can take on the appearance of watch glasses.
- The development of hemoptysis as a sign of insufficiency in the pulmonary circulation.
Pneumofibrosis varies in its forms depending on the cause, extent of the lesion and speed of spread.
Classification of pneumofibrosis
Prikornevoy
Most often, hilar pulmonary fibrosis develops after pneumonia or bronchitis. In such cases, it is not necessary to develop pneumofibrosis immediately; it can begin to form a long time after the underlying disease.
The main symptom of hilar pneumofibrosis is the formation of areas of compaction in the lungs.
Diffuse
Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis speaks for itself - it affects the entire lung tissue. This type of pulmonary fibrosis leads to the development of respiratory failure in a short time faster than others. It is the most dangerous type of all pulmonary fibrosis, since it can simultaneously affect both lungs. Very often complicated by the occurrence of pleuropneumofibrosis, involving the pleura in the pathological process.
Local
A more benign form of pneumofibrosis is considered local. In this case, a certain area of the lung is replaced by connective tissue.
Focal
Focal pneumofibrosis is similar to local one, since it also does not involve the entire lung in the pathological process. The difference is that with focal pneumofibrosis, several pathological foci are formed.
Basal
Basal pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by the fact that the main affected areas are the base of the lungs. In this form, treatment is prescribed in the presence of inflammation or secondary infection. If such signs are absent, then breathing exercises are recommended.
Limited
Limited pulmonary fibrosis is similar to local one. It is also characterized by long and slow progression. With this process, small foci of pneumofibrosis practically do not suppress respiratory function and do not disrupt gas exchange.
Linear
This type occurs against the background of frequent pneumonia, bronchitis, tuberculosis and other inflammatory lung diseases.
Interstitial
For interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, one of the hallmarks is the early onset of shortness of breath. The leading cause of interstitial damage is vasculitis - inflammation of blood vessels of different sizes.
Postpneumonic
In postpneumonic pneumofibrosis, large focal areas of fibrosis begin to form after inflammation. Most often, such pulmonary fibrosis develops simultaneously with pneumonia and other inflammatory processes in the lungs.
Heavy
Severe pulmonary fibrosis is the lot of heavy smokers. Constant inhalation of nicotine leads to dysfunction of the bronchi and retention of phlegm in them. Also, severe pneumosclerosis can develop with chronic pathology of the bronchopulmonary system.
Post-inflammatory
This type of pulmonary fibrosis can result from absolutely any inflammation in the lungs.
Moderate
Moderate pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by minor damage to lung tissue.
Pneumofibrosis in children
Pneumofibrosis does not spare children either. The development of pulmonary fibrosis in childhood has the same reasons as in adults. That is why it is necessary to pay close attention to diseases of the respiratory system in children, not to neglect them, to carry out prevention, hardening, and to limit the child as much as possible from contact with harmful substances.
Diagnostics
The most important method for diagnosing pulmonary fibrosis is an x-ray of the lungs. With its help, it is possible to determine the first symptoms of the disease, pathological changes, and concomitant diseases.
Also, using X-ray diagnostics, pneumofibrosis is differentiated from lung cancer.
The main radiological signs of pulmonary fibrosis will be:
- Strengthening the pattern of the lungs.
- Deformation of the pulmonary pattern.
- Expansion of vascular shadows.
- “Pulmonary shadows” with sharp, uneven contours, which are lesions.
- Shadows similar to lines with a random direction, the formation of cells, which indicates the neglect of the process.
The next mandatory diagnostic method will be to assess the function of external respiration, vital capacity of the lungs and functional vital capacity.
The third necessary study will be a bronchoscopy to recognize the form of the disease and exclude an oncological process.
Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography may be prescribed as additional diagnostic measures.
To diagnose lung diseases, you need to look for a qualified pulmonologist. Of course, a general practitioner or therapist can also make general recommendations. However, a specialist in lung diseases, such as a pulmonologist, is preferable in complex cases.
Treatment of pneumofibrosis
Upon completion of all necessary diagnostic procedures, treatment must begin. 
It is important that for pulmonary fibrosis, treatment should only be comprehensive using all of the indicated therapeutic measures.
The main therapeutic measures aimed at improving the health status of patients are:
- Treatment of the underlying disease that caused the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
- The use of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs for signs of infection (the choice of antibiotics depends only on the patient’s condition and his concomitant pathologies.
- Prescription of expectorants on a chemical and herbal basis (ACC, Lazolvan, Bromhexine, licorice root, anise, rosemary).
- Taking glucocorticosteroids to enhance anti-inflammatory therapy (Prednisolone, Dexamethasone).
- Cardiac glycosides for concomitant heart failure (Korglikon, Strophanthin).
- Vitamin therapy.
- Physiotherapeutic treatment methods depending on the condition and indications.
- Oxygen therapy.
- Breathing exercises.
- Diet.
Unfortunately, a complete cure for pulmonary fibrosis is currently impossible. The goal of treatment is to stop the pathological process, preserve respiratory function indicators as much as possible and delay the development of respiratory failure.
For reference. Advanced forms are an indication for surgical treatment.
Moreover, there is no need to hope that pulmonary fibrosis can be cured at home, at home. This approach can only worsen the course of the disease and its prognosis.
Attention! Treatment of pneumofibrosis is carried out only in a hospital setting!
All patients with a confirmed diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis must be registered with a dispensary for at least a year.
Prevention
The main method of preventing pulmonary fibrosis is timely diagnosis, proper treatment of the underlying disease and pulmonary fibrosis itself, as well as following all doctor’s recommendations.
Smokers, naturally, will have to give up their bad habit.
Attention. If a person’s work activity involves constant contact with hazardous and toxic substances, then the best option would be to abandon such a profession.
Prognosis of pneumofibrosis
Since pulmonary fibrosis is not an independent disease, but is a consequence of the underlying pathology, the prognosis will primarily be determined by the severity of the cause of pulmonary fibrosis.
Important. Constant replacement of lung tissue with connective tissue leads to destruction and deformation of the bronchi, a decrease in lung volume, and their shrinkage.
With the development of severe pulmonary failure, especially complicated by the addition of a secondary infection, deaths are common.
In general, for most forms of pulmonary fibrosis, the prognosis is considered relatively unfavorable due to the impossibility of a complete cure for the disease.
Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis
Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis
Fibrosing alveolitis (cryptogenic)
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Usual interstitial pneumonia
Excluded: pulmonary fibrosis (chronic):
- caused by inhalation of chemicals, gases, fumes or vapors (J68.4)
- radiation-induced (J70.1)
Interstitial pneumonia NOS
In Russia, the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) has been adopted as a single normative document for recording morbidity, reasons for the population's visits to medical institutions of all departments, and causes of death.
ICD-10 was introduced into healthcare practice throughout the Russian Federation in 1999 by order of the Russian Ministry of Health dated May 27, 1997. No. 170
The release of a new revision (ICD-11) is planned by WHO in 2017-2018.
With changes and additions from WHO.
Processing and translation of changes © mkb-10.com
Diffuse interstitial lung disease - description, causes, symptoms (signs), diagnosis, treatment.
Short description
Diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD) is a general term for a group of diseases characterized by diffuse inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis of the small bronchi and alveoli.
Causes
Etiology and risk factors Inhalation of various substances Mineral dust (silicates, asbestos) Organic dust Mercury vapor Aerosols Taking drugs (bisulfan, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, penicillamine, etc.) Radiation therapy Recurrent bacterial or viral lung diseases Adult respiratory distress syndrome Neoplasms Bronchoalveolar cancer Leukemia Lymphomas Bronchoalveolar dysplasia (Wilson–Mikiti syndrome, interstitial mononuclear focal fibrosing pneumonia) Sarcoidosis Diffuse connective tissue diseases Rheumatoid arthritis SLE Systemic scleroderma Sjögren's syndrome Pulmonary vasculitis Wegener's granulomatosis Churg–Strauss syndrome Goodpasture's syndrome Amyloidosis Pulmonary hemosiderosis Proteinosis of the lungs alve polar Histiocytosis Hereditary diseases Neurofibromatosis Niemann-Pick disease Gaucher's disease Chronic renal failure Liver diseases Chronic active hepatitis Primary biliary cirrhosis Intestinal diseases Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Whipple's disease Graft-versus-host disease Left ventricular heart failure Idiopathic interstitial fibrosis, or cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (50% of cases of pulmonary fibrosis), is a chronic progressive hereditary disease with diffuse inflammatory infiltration of the alveoli and an increased risk of developing lung cancer.
Genetic aspects of Hamman-Rich syndrome (178500, Â). Laboratory: increased collagenase content in the lower respiratory tract, increased concentration of g - globulins, overproduction of platelet b - growth factor Fibrocystic pulmonary dysplasia (*135000, Â) clinical and laboratory identical to Hamman-Rich disease Familial interstitial desquamative pneumonitis (type 2 pneumocyte proliferation disease , r), early onset, death before three years of age Cystic lung disease (219600, r) is characterized by recurrent respiratory tract infections and spontaneous neonatal pneumothorax.
Pathogenesis Acute stage. Damage to capillaries and alveolar epithelial cells with interstitial and intraalveolar edema and subsequent formation of hyaline membranes. Both complete reverse development and progression to acute interstitial pneumonia are possible. Chronic stage. The process progresses to extensive lung damage and collagen deposition (advanced fibrosis). Hypertrophy of smooth muscles and deep ruptures of the alveolar spaces lined with atypical (cuboidal) cells. Terminal stage. Lung tissue takes on a characteristic “honeycomb” appearance. Fibrous tissue completely replaces the alveolar and capillary network with the formation of expanded cavities.
Pathomorphology Severe fibrosis of small bronchi and alveoli Accumulation of fibroblasts, inflammatory cellular elements (mainly lymphocytes and plasma cells) and collagen fibers in the lumen of small bronchi and alveoli Germination of terminal and respiratory bronchioles, as well as alveoli with granulation tissue leads to the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
Pathomorphological classification Simple interstitial fibrosis Desquamative interstitial fibrosis Lymphocytic interstitial fibrosis Giant cell interstitial fibrosis Obliterative bronchiolitis with pneumonia.
Symptoms (signs)
Clinical picture Fever Shortness of breath and dry cough Weight loss, fatigue, general malaise Data from objective examination Tachypnea Deformation of fingers in the form of “drum sticks” (with a long course of the disease) Inspiratory dry crackling rales (usually in the basal parts of the lungs) In severe forms - signs right ventricular failure.
Diagnostics
Laboratory tests Leukocytosis Moderate increase in ESR Negative results of serological tests with Ag of mycoplasmas, Coxiella, Legionella, rickettsia, fungi Negative results of virological tests.
Special studies Lung biopsy (open or transthoracic) - the method of choice for differential diagnosis Study of respiratory function - restrictive, obstructive or mixed type of disorders Fibrobronchoscopy allows for differential diagnosis with neoplastic processes in the lungs ECG - hypertrophy of the right heart with the development of pulmonary hypertension Chest X-ray (minimal changes against the background of pronounced clinical symptoms) Fine-focal infiltration in the middle or lower lobes of the lungs In the later stages - a picture of a “honeycomb lung” Bronchoalveolar lavage - the predominance of neutrophils in the lavage fluid.
Treatment
TREATMENT OF HA Prednisolone 60 mg/day for 1–3 months, then gradually reduce the dose to 20 mg/day for several weeks (the drug at the same dose can then be given as maintenance therapy) to avoid acute adrenal insufficiency. Duration of treatment - at least 1 year Cytostatics (cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil) - only if steroid therapy is ineffective Bronchodilators (adrenergic agonists inhaled or orally, aminophylline) are advisable only at the stage of reversible bronchial obstruction Oxygen replacement therapy is indicated when p a O 2 is less than 50–55 mm Hg Treatment of the underlying disease.
Complications Bronchiectasis Pneumosclerosis Arrhythmias Acute cerebrovascular accident MI.
Age characteristics Children - development of interstitial mononuclear focal fibrosing pneumonia due to underdevelopment of the elastic elements of the lung Prolonged course, constant cough, stridor Frequent formation of bronchiectasis Elderly - people over 70 years of age get sick extremely rarely.
Reduction. DIBL - diffuse interstitial lung disease
ICD-10 J84 Other interstitial pulmonary diseases
Pulmonary hemosiderosis is a rare disease characterized by episodic hemoptysis, pulmonary infiltration and secondary iron deficiency anemia; Young children are more often affected. Genetic aspects: hereditary pulmonary hemosiderosis (178550, Â); hemosiderosis due to deficiency of g - A globulin (235500, r). Prognosis: outcome in pulmonary fibrosis with the development of respiratory failure; The cause of death was massive pulmonary hemorrhage. Diagnostics: study of respiratory function - disorders of a restrictive type, but the diffusion capacity of the lungs may falsely increase due to the interaction of carbon dioxide with hemosiderin deposits in the lung tissue; X-ray of the chest organs - transient pulmonary infiltrates; lung biopsy - identification of macrophages loaded with hemosiderin. Treatment: GK, replacement therapy with iron preparations for secondary IDA. Synonyms: pneumohemorrhagic hypochromic remitting anemia, brown idiopathic induration of the lungs, Celena syndrome, Celena-Gellerstedt syndrome. ICD-10. E83 Disorders of mineral metabolism.
Pulmonary histiocytosis is a group of diseases characterized by the proliferation of mononuclear phagocytes in the lungs (Letterer-Siwe disease; Hand-Schüller-Christian disease; eosinophilic granuloma [benign reticuloma, Taratyn's disease] - a disease characterized by the development in the bones or skin of a tumor-like infiltrate consisting of large histiocytes and eosinophils). The predominant gender is male. Risk factor is smoking. Pathomorphology: progressive proliferation of mononuclear cells and infiltration of eosinophils in the lungs, followed by the development of fibrosis and “honeycomb lung”. Clinical picture: nonproductive cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, spontaneous pneumothorax. Diagnosis: moderate hypoxemia; in alveolar washings there is a predominance of mononuclear phagocytes, the possible presence of Langerhans cells identified by monoclonal AT OCT - 6; X-ray of the chest organs - pulmonary dissemination with the formation of small cysts, localized mainly in the middle and upper parts of the lungs; FVD study - restrictive-obstructive ventilation disorders. Treatment: smoking cessation, GC (impermanent effect). Prognosis: both spontaneous recovery and uncontrolled progression and death from respiratory or heart failure are possible. Note. Langerhans cells - Ag - representing and processing Ag dendritic cells of the epidermis and mucous membranes, contain specific granules; carry surface cell receptors for Ig (Fc) and complement (C3), participate in HRT reactions, and migrate to regional lymph nodes.
Pneumofibrosis
Pneumofibrosis according to the source ‘Diseases and syndromes’
Titles
Description
Symptoms
A constant sign of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis is shortness of breath, which often tends to progress. Often shortness of breath is accompanied by a dry persistent cough, which intensifies with forced breathing. Aching chest pain, weight loss, general weakness, and fatigue are possible. In patients with predominant damage to the basal parts of the lungs, as a rule, the so-called Hippocratic fingers (in the form of drumsticks) are formed.
In patients with pulmonary fibrosis in advanced stages, a so-called squeaking sound, reminiscent of the sound of a plug rubbing, may be detected. More often it is heard during inspiration, mainly over the area of the anterior surface of the chest.
The leading method for diagnosing pulmonary fibrosis is x-ray examination, i.e. It allows you to obtain an objective display of sclerotic changes in the pulmonary tissue of pulmonary fibrosis, distinguishing it from tumor lesions of the lungs.
To recognize pneumofibrosis, a plain radiography of the chest organs is performed. Targeted radiography and tomography can be a valuable addition. Computed tomography has also acquired particular importance for studying the condition of lung tissue.
Causes
Treatment
In case of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis caused by external factors, it is necessary first of all to eliminate their impact on the patient. Respiratory failure is also treated.
Diffuse pneumosclerosis: symptoms and treatment
Diffuse pneumosclerosis - main symptoms:
- Weakness
- Dizziness
- Weight loss
- Sleep disturbance
- Dyspnea
- Chest pain
- Fast fatiguability
- Dry cough
- Malaise
- Moist cough
- Blueness of the skin
- Chest deformity
- Wheezing when breathing
- Thickening of fingers
- Atrophy of the intercostal muscles
- Morning cough
Diffuse pneumosclerosis is a secondary pathology, which is characterized by the proliferation of connective tissue in the lung. Against the background of such a process, a disruption in the functioning of this organ occurs. In the vast majority of situations, the disease develops against the background of tuberculosis or pneumonia, bronchitis or venous stagnation. However, clinicians also identify other predisposing factors.
The symptomatic picture is nonspecific, which is why it is characteristic of almost all diseases that negatively affect the lungs. From this it follows that the basis of the clinic is shortness of breath and cough, pain and discomfort in the chest, fatigue and cyanosis of the skin.
Diagnostics includes a whole range of measures, but the basis is made up of instrumental procedures, as well as manipulations carried out directly by a pulmonologist.
It is customary to treat diffuse pneumosclerosis without surgery, namely by taking medications, physiotherapeutic procedures and using folk remedies.
In the International Classification of Diseases, such a disorder does not have its own meaning, but belongs to the category “other interstitial pulmonary diseases”. Thus, the ICD-10 code will be J84.
Etiology
This disease is a consequence of a wide range of pathological processes, against the background of which the process of proliferation of connective tissue occurs in the lungs, replacing the normal lining of this organ and disrupting gas exchange.
In the vast majority of situations, the cause of pneumosclerosis can be:
- pleurisy and tuberculosis;
- chronic bronchitis or pneumonia;
- any damage to the pulmonary parenchyma;
- venous congestion, which, in turn, develops against the background of congenital or secondary heart defects;
- chest injury.
In addition, the possibility of the influence of genetic predisposition cannot be excluded.
However, it is worth noting that there are several forms of this disease, each of which has its own predisposing factors. For example, the basis of nonspecific infectious diffuse pneumosclerosis is:
The development of a specific type of diffuse pneumosclerosis is promoted by:
The toxic form of the disease appears due to exposure to:
- emissions from industrial enterprises;
- high concentrations of oxygen and ozone;
- smog;
- tobacco smoke.
The pneumoconiotic type of the disease is caused by:
- silicosis;
- talcosis;
- asbestosis;
- berylliosis and other occupational lesions of this organ.
The causes of alveolar pneumosclerosis are presented:
The dysplastic type of the disease most often occurs when:
Provocateurs of cardiovascular pneumosclerosis are:
Any of the above pathological conditions is fraught with compaction and reduction in the volume of the affected organ. In addition, the lungs become airless and lose their normal structure, and this contributes to the appearance of sclerotic changes in the walls of the bronchi.
Classification
Pulmonologists usually distinguish the following types of disease:
- apical pneumosclerosis - the primary lesion is localized in the upper part of the lung and is a consequence of bronchitis;
- basal pneumosclerosis - this means that pathological tissues are located at the base of the lung. Occurs most often due to pneumonia;
- interstitial pneumosclerosis - a distinctive feature is that the tissues surrounding the bronchi, vessels and interalveolar septa are susceptible to pathological changes. Very often a complication of interstitial pneumonia;
- local pneumosclerosis - can be small-focal and large-focal;
- focal pneumosclerosis - forms in cases of destruction of the pulmonary parenchyma, which occurs due to the appearance of an abscess or tuberculous damage to lung tissue;
- peribronchial pneumosclerosis - in such cases, changes in the lung tissue are observed near the bronchi, and the basis for this is chronic bronchitis;
- hilar pneumosclerosis, which is facilitated by inflammatory or dystrophic processes;
- reticular pneumosclerosis.
Diffuse pneumosclerosis combines all the features of the above types of pathology.
Based on the etiological factor, the disease is:
- age-related - diagnosed in elderly people, and develops against the background of stagnation, which very often occurs during pulmonary hypertension. Most often diagnosed in males with many years of smoking experience;
- post-tuberculosis;
- bacterial and infectious;
- post-pneumonic;
- toxic;
- asthmatic;
- inflammatory;
- lymphogenous;
- atelectatic;
- immune.
One- or two-sided lung damage is also distinguished.
Symptoms
At the initial stages of its development, the disease may occur without expressing any symptoms. In some cases, there is a slight manifestation of the following symptoms:
- dry cough, often occurring in the morning;
- shortness of breath, but only after intense physical activity;
- general weakness and malaise;
- sleep disturbance;
- periodic aching pain in the chest area;
- fast fatiguability;
- weight loss.
As the disease progresses, the symptoms are supplemented by the following clinical manifestations:
- persistent wet cough;
- wheezing during breathing;
- increased pain in the chest;
- intense dizziness;
- causeless weakness;
- cyatonic, i.e. bluish tint of the skin;
- thickening of the fingers, which is called the “drumstick” symptom;
- deformation of the sternum, it becomes barrel-shaped;
- shortness of breath even in a state of complete rest;
- arrhythmias;
- atrophy of the intercostal muscles.
The greater the volume of non-functioning tissue, the more intense the severity of the symptoms of diffuse pulmonary pneumosclerosis, which aggravates the course of the underlying disease.
Diagnostics
The most valuable information in diagnostic terms is provided by the data of an instrumental examination of the patient, but first of all, the pulmonologist himself needs to carry out:
- studying the medical history - to identify the disease that led to the development of such a pathology;
- collection and analysis of a person’s life history - to establish the fact of addiction to bad habits or penetration of a foreign object;
- a detailed examination of the patient, during which the shape of the chest and the condition of the skin are assessed, as well as listening using a phonendoscope;
- interviewing the patient - this is necessary so that the doctor can determine with what intensity the clinical signs of diffuse pneumosclerosis are expressed.
Instrumental diagnostic procedures are presented:
- radiography and ultrasound of the lungs;
- bronchography and angiopulmonography;
- CT and MRI of the affected organ;
- ventilation scintigraphy;
- spirometry and pneumotachography;
- plethysmography and bronchoscopy;
- transbronchial lung biopsy.
Laboratory tests are aimed at performing general and biochemical blood tests, PCR tests and bacterial culture of sputum.
During differential diagnosis, diffuse pneumosclerosis is distinguished from the following ailments:
Treatment
The treatment regimen is drawn up individually for each patient and completely depends on the etiological factor, but in all cases it is conservative in nature. First of all, patients are advised to take medications, namely:
- expectorants;
- medications that thin sputum;
- bronchospasmodics, which help fight shortness of breath;
- cardiac glycosides - to restore normal blood circulation;
- glucocorticoids;
- antimicrobial agents;
- immunomodulators.
Among physiotherapeutic procedures, the most effective are:
In addition, treatment of diffuse pulmonary pneumosclerosis must necessarily include:
- breathing exercises;
- therapeutic chest massage.
The use of therapeutic methods of alternative medicine is not prohibited - for the preparation of healing decoctions and infusions the following are used:
Treatment with folk remedies must be approved by the attending physician, otherwise the problem may worsen and the risk of consequences may increase.
Prevention and prognosis
- completely give up alcohol and smoking;
- spend more time outdoors;
- prevent chest injuries and penetration of foreign objects into the bronchi;
- use medications correctly, strictly following the clinician’s recommendations;
- exclude interaction with pneumotoxic substances;
- engage in timely diagnosis and elimination of pathologies leading to diffuse pneumosclerosis - for this you need to undergo a full preventive examination at a medical institution several times a year.
The prognosis of diffuse pneumosclerosis is dictated by the severity of the underlying pathology. Death often occurs due to the development of complications such as cor pulmonale syndrome, secondary bacterial infection, pneumomycosis and tuberculosis.
If you think that you have Diffuse pneumosclerosis and the symptoms characteristic of this disease, then a pulmonologist can help you.
We also suggest using our online disease diagnostic service, which selects probable diseases based on the entered symptoms.
Pneumosclerosis is a pathological process of replacement of lung tissue with connective tissue. As a result, respiratory function is impaired. Typically, clinicians do not consider this pathological process as an independent nosological form. This is explained by the fact that pulmonary pneumosclerosis is either a complication of pathologies already progressing in the body, or develops as a result of the adverse effects of endogenous factors.
Chronic pneumonia is inflammation of the lungs, as a result of which the soft tissues of the organ are affected. It bears just such a name, since the process is repeated constantly and is characterized by periods of exacerbation and retreat of symptoms.
Myocarditis is the general name for inflammatory processes in the heart muscle, or myocardium. The disease can appear against the background of various infections and autoimmune lesions, exposure to toxins or allergens. A distinction is made between primary myocardial inflammation, which develops as an independent disease, and secondary, when cardiac pathology is one of the main manifestations of a systemic disease. With timely diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of myocarditis and its causes, the prognosis for recovery is the most successful.
Leukocytosis is a change in the absolute level of leukocytes in the human bloodstream. This condition is characterized by a shift to the left in the leukocyte formula. According to ICD-10, leukocytosis is not a disease, but a peculiar reaction of the body as a whole to the negative impact of certain factors (can occur during an illness, when eating, during pregnancy, in women after childbirth, etc.). The rapid growth of leukocytes in the blood or urine is one of the significant diagnostic signs.
With the help of exercise and abstinence, most people can do without medicine.
Symptoms and treatment of human diseases
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ICD code: J84.1
Other interstitial lung diseases with mention of fibrosis
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Translation of OKATO classifier code into OKTMO code
Translation of the HS code into the OKPD2 classifier code
Translation of the OKPD2 classifier code into the HS code
Translation of the OKZ-93 classifier code into the OKZ-2014 code
Classifier changes
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Feed of classifier changes that have come into force
All-Russian classifiers
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All-Russian classifier of products and design documents OK
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All-Russian currency classifier OK (MK (ISO 4)
All-Russian classifier of types of cargo, packaging and packaging materials OK
All-Russian Classifier of Types of Economic Activities OK (NACE Rev. 1.1)
All-Russian Classifier of Types of Economic Activities OK (NACE REV. 2)
All-Russian classifier of hydropower resources OK
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All-Russian classifier of occupations OK (MSKZ-08)
All-Russian classifier of information about the population OK
All-Russian classifier of information on social protection of the population. OK (valid until 12/01/2017)
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All-Russian Classifier of Government Bodies OK 006 – 2011
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All-Russian product classifier OK (valid until 01/01/2017)
All-Russian classifier of products by type of economic activity OK (CPES 2008)
All-Russian classifier of worker professions, employee positions and tariff categories OK
All-Russian classifier of minerals and groundwater. OK
All-Russian classifier of enterprises and organizations. OK 007–93
All-Russian classifier of OK standards (MK (ISO/infko MKS))
All-Russian Classifier of Specialties of Higher Scientific Qualification OK
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All-Russian classifier of specialties in education OK (valid until 07/01/2017)
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All-Russian classifier of transformational events OK
All-Russian Classifier of Municipal Territories OK
All-Russian Classifier of Management Documentation OK
All-Russian classifier of forms of ownership OK
All-Russian classifier of economic regions. OK
All-Russian classifier of services to the population. OK
Commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity (EAEU CN FEA)
Classifier of types of permitted use of land plots
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Federal classification catalog of waste (valid until 06/24/2017)
Federal waste classification catalog (valid from June 24, 2017)
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International Classification of Goods and Services 11th edition
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Protracted pulmonary and bronchial diseases lead to the formation of connective tissue scars. The same changes occur when inhaling dust and toxic substances, congestive pneumonia and heart failure.
This causes sclerosis of the lung tissue and the occurrence of a number of chronic diseases.
Pulmonary pneumosclerosis is a pathological process of replacement of normal lung tissue with connective tissue.
In this case, respiratory function is impaired, the size of the respiratory surface decreases. The disease occurs at any age, men get sick more often.
Pneumosclerosis of the lungs photo x-ray
Pulmonary pneumosclerosis is classified according to several criteria.
According to the degree of prevalence, they are distinguished:
- Fibrosis. In this case, pulmonary and connective tissue are present simultaneously.
- Sclerosis. Lung tissue passes into connective tissue.
- Cirrhosis. The most severe stage, the pleura and blood vessels thicken, and the respiratory process is disrupted.
This disease is also divided depending on the location of the lesion:
- Apical pneumosclerosis - connective tissue grows on the upper part of the organ.
- Hilar pneumosclerosis - in this case, tissue proliferation occurs in the hilar part of the lung.
- Basal pneumosclerosis - lung tissue is replaced by connective tissue in the basal parts of the organ.
In addition, there are two degrees of spread of the disease - focal and diffuse.
If the disease spreads to both organs, then we can say that it is diffuse pulmonary pneumosclerosis. As a rule, with this form, cystic formations may occur, the lung tissue receives less nutrition, and the lungs decrease in size.
Causes of pulmonary pneumosclerosis
This disease in most cases develops as a result of lung diseases or complications after them.
The most common reasons:
- An infection in which the lung tissue becomes inflamed, tuberculosis;
- Chronic bronchitis and inflammation;
- Prolonged stay in rooms with polluted air, for example, at work;
- Inflammations that are caused by various allergens;
- Pulmonary;
- Lung injuries;
- Heredity.
A common cause of the development of this disease is uncured inflammatory processes in the lungs: bronchitis, pneumonia.
The clinic depends on the form: diffuse or focal. The latter is characterized by moderate shortness of breath and satisfactory condition.
The following symptoms are characteristic of diffuse pulmonary pneumosclerosis:
- Dyspnea. In the diffuse form, it does not appear immediately; at the initial stage it occurs only during physical exertion. When the disease progresses, shortness of breath is present even at rest.
- Cough, very strong, with discharge similar to sputum mixed with pus.
- Constant weakness, fatigue, and dizziness may occur.
- Constant pain in the chest.
- The skin becomes bluish in color.
- A person can lose weight without changing their diet.
- The chest gradually becomes deformed, and the phalanges of the fingers thicken at the ends and become like drumsticks.
- Pulmonary failure.
The presence of bronchiectasis is accompanied by hemoptysis and purulent sputum. Fibrous changes in the lung tissue are manifested by shallow, rapid breathing, high standing of the diaphragm (due to a decrease in the size of the lungs) and deformation of the bronchial tree.
The progression of the disease leads to congestion in the lungs and expansion of the right side of the heart. The development of heart failure is manifested by an increase in edema and shortness of breath.
If there are not many symptoms and are vaguely expressed, then we can talk about a mild form of pneumosclerosis.
Diagnosis of the disease
This disease is diagnosed using an x-ray. It clearly shows changes in the tissues of the organ. In the initial stages, changes are visible only in one area.
Functional pulmonary tests are satisfactory, but in diffuse pneumosclerosis, they deviate significantly from the norm and are not amenable to therapeutic correction.
With the obstructive type (emphysema, chronic bronchitis), air conduction is disrupted, which leads to hypoxemia (decreased blood oxygen saturation).
Restructive type (lung reduction) - leads to a decrease in the vital capacity of the lung, conductivity is slightly impaired.
Pulmonologists use external examination of the patient, bronchoscopy, and bronchography for diagnosis. If necessary.
The disease is treated by a pulmonologist or therapist. The treatment methods used depend on the stage of the disease.
There is no specific treatment; therapy is aimed at eliminating the cause that triggered the development of the disease. In mild cases, the main rule is caution and support for the body to prevent the occurrence of inflammation.
Treatment of diffuse pulmonary pneumosclerosis includes the following:
- Taking antimicrobial drugs;
- Bronchodilators and medications with expectorant properties are prescribed;
- Doctors may perform bronchial drainage;
- Cardiac medications are also used to prevent symptoms of myocarditis.
If there is no pulmonary insufficiency, a specialist may prescribe special physiotherapeutic procedures. In particularly difficult cases, surgery may be required.
Traditional methods of treatment
In untreated cases, traditional medicine is used. As a rule, most of them are used to treat bronchitis. Here are some recipes:
- In a thermos you need to brew 1 tablespoon of seeded oats with half a liter of boiling water. Leave overnight, strain in the morning and drink in small portions throughout the day.
- Well-washed dried fruits should be soaked overnight. You need to eat them on an empty stomach in the morning. Thanks to its diuretic and laxative properties, this remedy helps clear congestion from the lungs.
- There is another wonderful remedy - onions. One thing needs to be boiled and ground with sugar. You need to take one tablespoon of this mixture every two hours.
There are many recipes, but do not overuse self-medication - use traditional methods in addition to drug treatment, and only after consultation/prescription by a doctor.
Consequences and complications
complications
A person, of course, will have a question: why is pulmonary pneumosclerosis dangerous? If this disease is not treated, heart and pulmonary failure may occur.
In later stages, the lower part of the lung may gradually become like a porous sponge (called a honeycomb lung). As a result, breathing problems arise, and the infection develops a second time, leading to a deterioration in the person’s condition.
Life expectancy for pneumosclerosis of the lung depends on the stage at which the disease is detected, timeliness of treatment, compliance with all doctor’s prescriptions, and prevention. If the disease does not start, then the probability of a favorable outcome is very high.
All pulmonary diseases must be cured promptly and completely. It is best to contact specialists for this rather than self-medicate.
If the cause of the disease is polluted air in work areas, think about changing your professional activity.
ICD 10 code
Section (J84) - Other interstitial pulmonary diseases
- (J84.0) Alveolar and parieto-alveolar disorders;
- (J84.1) Other interstitial pulmonary diseases with mention of fibrosis;
- (J84.8) Other specified interstitial pulmonary diseases;
- (J84.9) Interstitial pulmonary disease, unspecified.
Diffuse pneumosclerosis is a secondary pathology, which is characterized by the proliferation of connective tissue in the lung. Against the background of such a process, a disruption in the functioning of this organ occurs. In the vast majority of situations, the disease develops against the background of tuberculosis or pneumonia, bronchitis or venous stagnation. However, clinicians also identify other predisposing factors.
The symptomatic picture is nonspecific, which is why it is characteristic of almost all diseases that negatively affect the lungs. From this it follows that the basis of the clinic is shortness of breath and cough, pain and discomfort in the chest, fatigue and cyanosis of the skin.
Diagnostics includes a whole range of measures, but the basis is made up of instrumental procedures, as well as manipulations carried out directly by a pulmonologist.
It is customary to treat diffuse pneumosclerosis without surgery, namely by taking medications, physiotherapeutic procedures and using folk remedies.
In the International Classification of Diseases, such a disorder does not have its own meaning, but belongs to the category “other interstitial pulmonary diseases”. Thus, the ICD-10 code will be J84.
Etiology
This disease is a consequence of a wide range of pathological processes, against the background of which the process of proliferation of connective tissue occurs in the lungs, replacing the normal lining of this organ and disrupting gas exchange.
In the vast majority of situations, the cause of pneumosclerosis can be:
- or pneumonia;
- any damage to the pulmonary parenchyma;
- venous stagnation, which, in turn, develops against the background of congenital or secondary;
- chest injury.
In addition, the possibility of the influence of genetic predisposition cannot be excluded.
However, it is worth noting that there are several forms of this disease, each of which has its own predisposing factors. For example, the basis of nonspecific infectious diffuse pneumosclerosis is:
- bacterial, aspiration or abscess;
- damage to lung tissue by a foreign object;
- hemopneumothorax;
The development of a specific type of diffuse pneumosclerosis is promoted by:
The toxic form of the disease appears due to exposure to:
- emissions from industrial enterprises;
- high concentrations of oxygen and ozone;
- smog;
- tobacco smoke.
The pneumoconiotic type of the disease is caused by:
- talcosis;
- asbestosis;
- berylliosis and other occupational lesions of this organ.
The causes of alveolar pneumosclerosis are presented:
- allergic form;
- Hamman-Rich syndrome;
- Goodpasture's disease;
- Beck's sarcoidosis;
- collagenosis;
The dysplastic type of the disease most often occurs when:
- cystic hypoplasia of lung tissue;
- radiation pneumonitis;
Provocateurs of cardiovascular pneumosclerosis are:
- primary and ;
- angiitis complicated by lymphostasis;
Any of the above pathological conditions is fraught with compaction and reduction in the volume of the affected organ. In addition, the lungs become airless and lose their normal structure, and this contributes to the appearance of sclerotic changes in the walls of the bronchi.
Classification
Pulmonologists usually distinguish the following types of disease:
- apical pneumosclerosis- the primary lesion is localized in the upper part of the lung and is a consequence of bronchitis;
- basal pneumosclerosis- this means that pathological tissues are located at the base of the lung. Occurs most often due to pneumonia;
- interstitial pneumosclerosis- a distinctive feature is that the tissues surrounding the bronchi, vessels and interalveolar septa are susceptible to pathological changes. Very often a complication of interstitial pneumonia;
- local pneumosclerosis- can be small-focal and large-focal;
- focal pneumosclerosis- formed in cases of destruction of the pulmonary parenchyma, which occurs due to the appearance of an abscess or tuberculous damage to lung tissue;
- peribronchial pneumosclerosis- in such cases, changes in the lung tissue are observed near the bronchi, and the basis for this is chronic bronchitis;
- hilar pneumosclerosis, which is facilitated by the occurrence of inflammatory or dystrophic processes;
- reticular pneumosclerosis.
Diffuse pneumosclerosis combines all the features of the above types of pathology.
Based on the etiological factor, the disease is:
- age-related - diagnosed in elderly people, and develops against the background of stagnation, which very often occurs during pulmonary hypertension. Most often diagnosed in males with many years of smoking experience;
- post-tuberculosis;
- bacterial and infectious;
- post-pneumonic;
- toxic;
- asthmatic;
- inflammatory;
- lymphogenous;
- atelectatic;
- immune.
One- or two-sided lung damage is also distinguished.
Symptoms
At the initial stages of its development, the disease may occur without expressing any symptoms. In some cases, there is a slight manifestation of the following symptoms:
- dry cough, often occurring in the morning;
- shortness of breath, but only after intense physical activity;
- general weakness and malaise;
- sleep disturbance;
- periodic aching pain in the chest area;
- fast fatiguability;
- weight loss.
As the disease progresses, the symptoms are supplemented by the following clinical manifestations:
- persistent wet cough;
- wheezing during breathing;
- increased pain in the chest;
- intense dizziness;
- causeless weakness;
- cyatonic, i.e. bluish tint of the skin;
- thickening of the fingers, which is called the “drumstick” symptom;
- deformation of the sternum, it becomes barrel-shaped;
- shortness of breath even in a state of complete rest;
- atrophy of the intercostal muscles.
The greater the volume of non-functioning tissue, the more intense the severity of the symptoms of diffuse pulmonary pneumosclerosis, which aggravates the course of the underlying disease.
Diagnostics
The most valuable information in diagnostic terms is provided by the data of an instrumental examination of the patient, but first of all, the pulmonologist himself needs to carry out:
- studying the medical history - to identify the disease that led to the development of such a pathology;
- collection and analysis of a person’s life history - to establish the fact of addiction to bad habits or penetration of a foreign object;
- a detailed examination of the patient, during which the shape of the chest and the condition of the skin are assessed, as well as listening using a phonendoscope;
- interviewing the patient - this is necessary so that the doctor can determine with what intensity the clinical signs of diffuse pneumosclerosis are expressed.
Instrumental diagnostic procedures are presented:
- radiography and ultrasound of the lungs;
- bronchography and angiopulmonography;
- CT and MRI of the affected organ;
- ventilation scintigraphy;
- spirometry and pneumotachography;
- plethysmography and bronchoscopy;
- transbronchial lung biopsy.
Laboratory tests are aimed at performing general and biochemical blood tests, PCR tests and bacterial culture of sputum.
During differential diagnosis, diffuse pneumosclerosis is distinguished from the following ailments:
- chronic course of bronchitis.
Treatment
The treatment regimen is drawn up individually for each patient and completely depends on the etiological factor, but in all cases it is conservative in nature. First of all, patients are advised to take medications, namely:
- expectorants;
- medications that thin sputum;
- bronchospasmodics, which help fight shortness of breath;
- cardiac glycosides - to restore normal blood circulation;
- glucocorticoids;
- antimicrobial agents;
- immunomodulators.
Among physiotherapeutic procedures, the most effective are:
- ultrasound;
- inhalation;
- diathermy;
- bronchoalveolar lavage;
- oxygen therapy.
In addition, treatment of diffuse pulmonary pneumosclerosis must necessarily include:
- breathing exercises;
- therapeutic chest massage.
The use of therapeutic methods of alternative medicine is not prohibited - for the preparation of healing decoctions and infusions the following are used:
- nettle;
- sage;
- aloe;
- Birch buds;
- linden flowers;
- beets;
- agave;
- dried fruits.
Treatment with folk remedies must be approved by the attending physician, otherwise the problem may worsen and the risk of consequences may increase.
Prevention and prognosis
- completely give up alcohol and smoking;
- spend more time outdoors;
- prevent chest injuries and penetration of foreign objects into the bronchi;
- use medications correctly, strictly following the clinician’s recommendations;
- exclude interaction with pneumotoxic substances;
- engage in timely diagnosis and elimination of pathologies leading to diffuse pneumosclerosis - for this you need to undergo a full preventive examination at a medical institution several times a year.
The prognosis of diffuse pneumosclerosis is dictated by the severity of the underlying pathology. Death often occurs due to the development of complications such as cor pulmonale syndrome, secondary bacterial infection, pneumomycosis and tuberculosis.
Pneumofibrosis is a lung disease in which there is an overgrowth of connective tissue.
This pathology disrupts the structure of organs, reduces their ventilating function, leads to a decrease in lung volume, and also causes deformation of the bronchi. Complications or the presence of infection in the body can lead to death.
Code
The ICD 10 code is included in section J80-J84.
Causes
The development of the disease is facilitated by certain conditions that lead to disruption of the pulmonary system. Therefore, the causes of the disease are very diverse.
Pneumofibrosis can be caused by:
All these factors cause pneumofibrotic changes in the lungs.
Symptoms
Many patients do not suspect they have the disease because they do not know its symptoms. Therefore, it is important to know what consequences can occur in advanced stages of pulmonary fibrosis, and why it is dangerous. The patient experiences an overgrowth of connective tissue and respiratory failure.
It is important to consult a pulmonologist in a timely manner, since in the later stages of the disease it is quite difficult to correct or stop this process. Complications may result in death . Therefore, the patient must understand whether it is dangerous to neglect even minor symptoms and how to understand that medical attention is needed.
The main symptom is shortness of breath. At the initial stage, it appears only after physical exertion. Over time, shortness of breath is observed even at rest.
Symptoms of the disease also include:
- Cough with sputum and pus;
- When coughing, there is pain in the chest;
- Blue skin tone;
- There is increased fatigue;
- Body temperature may fluctuate throughout the day;
- When exhaling, wheezing is heard;
- Body weight drops sharply;
- The neck veins swell during coughing.
Classification
The disease is characterized by alternation of normal areas of lung tissue with connective tissue.
In this regard, the disease is divided into types:
Post-radiation fibrosis is dangerous. He requires serious therapy. Therefore, it is important to diagnose the disease in time and begin treatment immediately.
Hyperpneumatosis occupies a special group. This is a complex pathological disease with a pathogenetic syndrome.
Diagnostics
Before determining how to treat the disease, the pulmonologist conducts a conversation with the patient, directs tests, and examines the chest, assessing its shape.
Using a phonendoscope, he listens to the work of the lungs to identify noises or wheezing.
Instrumental procedures will allow the doctor to determine whether the patient has pneumosclerosis or pneumoneurosis.
For this purpose they prescribe:
- Radiography;
- Computed tomography;
- Ventilation scintigraphy;
- Spirometry;
- Transbronchial biopsy;
- Bronchoscopy;
- Plethysmography.
The procedures will also make it possible to identify whether pleurofibrosis is located on the right or left, to determine whether there are sclerotic changes or tumors in the tissues, to determine lung disease and what type of pneumofibrosis it is.
If diagnostics show that the lung fields are pneumatized, then it is necessary to carry out several procedures and select the appropriate medications. Using diagnostics, pleuropneumofibrosis can be identified.
Diagnostic measures will help identify pneumatosis in the patient, which is characterized by the presence of cysts. To do this, pneumatization is carried out, which will help decipher the data from an x-ray or tomogram in order to identify the amount of air in the lung fields.
If one or more cavities with fibrotic changes or capsules are identified in the patient’s lungs, the patient is diagnosed with post-tuberculous fibrosis.
After diagnosis, the doctor prescribes comprehensive treatment that will reduce the risk of relapse in the future. It is impossible to completely cure the disease.
Treatment
The doctor’s task is to select drugs that will eliminate the cause of the disease. Treatment is carried out until complete recovery, and not only when symptoms disappear.
- To restore bronchial patency the following is prescribed:
- Bromhexine;
- Salbutomol.
- To improve microcirculation- Trental.
- Patients are advised to take antioxidants.
- Courses are prescribed anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and hormonal drugs.
During treatment it is important:
- Give up bad habits;
- Take a course of oxygen therapy;
- Normalize sleep and rest patterns;
- Do breathing exercises regularly.
In advanced cases, there may be a question about surgical intervention.
ethnoscience
Adequate selection of medications, adherence to preventive measures and the use of alternative treatment methods will help stop the development of pathological processes. The patient’s task is to strictly follow all the doctor’s recommendations.
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