What are the benefits of sodium chloride? Intravenous saline solution indications
A 0.9% sodium chloride solution is isotonic for the body, that is, equal in osmotic pressure to blood plasma. Many people know it as physiological or saline solution. This name is not entirely justified, because not all the necessary electrolytes are present in the solution, but it is firmly entrenched even among doctors.
Composition and action
The main volume is the excipient - distilled water; each liter of solution contains NaCl 9 g.
Sodium chloride can replenish the lack of water in the body, normalize the acid-base balance and have a detoxifying effect. In cases of large plasma loss, for example, in burns, saline solution can be used as a plasma replacement agent.
Release form
Sodium chloride is a white, odorless, crystalline substance. It dissolves well in water, forming a colorless transparent liquid.
Sodium chloride 0.9% can be produced as a solution for infusion, a solvent for the preparation of injections and a spray.
Sodium chloride for intravenous infusion is placed in special glass containers of 200 or 400 ml. The bottles are sterile and hermetically sealed with rubber stoppers. Volumes of 100, 500 and 250 ml are also available, but in plastic containers.
In the form of a solvent, the liquid is available in ampoules of 1, 2, 5 or 10 ml.
Pharmacological properties of the drug Sodium chloride 0.9
The saline solution maintains the balance of osmotic pressure. If the amount of NaCl in the blood decreases, then water from the plasma begins to enter the intercellular space. With a large deficiency of this substance, spasms and convulsions can develop, as well as disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system, heart and blood vessels.
Therefore, it is important to promptly compensate for the lack of sodium chloride.
Pharmacodynamics
The drug has the ability to increase the volume of circulating blood, but this effect is short-lived, since the solution is quickly eliminated from the body. Sodium chloride helps cope with intoxication and fluid loss. Used to restore and prevent conditions associated with sodium deficiency.
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Pharmacokinetics
In plasma, the sodium concentration is 142 mmol/l, approximately the same figure in the intercellular fluid. Chloride reaches a concentration of 101 mmol/l. The solution is isotonic, therefore it is well excreted, mainly by the kidneys. Minor amounts may be excreted through the intestines or sweat glands.
What is it used for?
Saline solution is used for intravenous infusions for large fluid losses, for example, with diarrhea, vomiting and extensive burns.
It is also prescribed for other conditions:
- lack of sodium or chlorine in the blood;
- dehydration;
- intestinal obstruction;
- alcohol or drug intoxication.
The solution can be used to wash wounds and mucous membranes of the mouth, nose and eyes.
Ampoules are used for diluting dosage forms and wetting dressings.
A 0.9% nasal spray is used to irrigate the nasal cavity in adults. At the same time, the crusts soften and the mucous membrane is moistened. Thick mucus becomes more liquid, making it easier to evacuate from the nasal cavity.
Is it possible for hemorrhoids?
Saline solution can be used to prevent hemorrhoids, as it helps relieve constipation. Enemas are performed using an Esmarch mug.
For hemorrhoidal bleeding of large volume, infusion therapy with 0.9% sodium salt can be performed. This is an emergency solution at the first stage of medical measures.
The use of lotions, baths or enemas for existing hemorrhoids can only be done after consultation with a doctor.
Sodium chloride
0.9% NaCl solution in patients with impaired renal function
How to use Sodium chloride 0.9?
The drug can be used for intravenous drip administration, in enemas and topically. After dilution in a solution of medicinal substances, it is used for subcutaneous, intravenous and intramuscular injections.
Before intravenous infusion, the saline solution must be warmed to body temperature. The drug is not administered as a jet, the average speed is 540 ml/h, it is adjusted if necessary. The dose is determined by the doctor and is 1-3 liters per day.
Local application consists of using baths and compresses as prescribed by a doctor.
When treating colds, you can use nasal spray and inhalation through a nebulizer.
How to breed?
Dilution before injection must be done under sterile conditions. The method of administration and the volume of the prepared solution of the medicinal substance is determined by the instructions of the latter. In some cases, this is corrected by a doctor.
Before administration, you must ensure that the resulting solution is homogeneous and has no sediment. If the instructions for the drug indicate another solvent (for example, distilled water), then sodium chloride cannot be used for dilution.
Contraindications for the use of Sodium chloride 0.9
Saline solution is not prescribed if there is an excess of sodium and chlorine in the blood or a lack of potassium. Swelling due to extracellular hyperhydration and acidosis are also contraindications for use.
Do not use sodium chloride for the following conditions:
- dehydration inside the cell;
- swelling of the brain or lungs and disorders that can lead to them;
- acute ventricular failure;
- The patient takes glucocorticosteroids in large quantities.
Prescribed with caution in case of pathologies of the kidneys, heart and blood vessels, as well as in cases of reduced amount of daily urine or its absence.
Side effects
Use of the drug in large volumes can lead to acidosis (a shift in the balance towards a decrease in pH), overhydration and a decrease in potassium in plasma.
Overdose
Excess saline can lead to increased sodium in the blood; treatment for this condition is symptomatic.
If sodium chloride was used as a dilution solvent, then the undesirable effects will be due to the dissolved drug. Overdoses have not been recorded when using the nasal spray.
special instructions
During long-term therapy using large doses, it is necessary to monitor the amount of electrolytes in the body.
The drug does not have a negative effect on the ability to operate machinery or transport.
During pregnancy and lactation
In case of toxicosis in pregnant women, large volumes of saline solution are contraindicated. There is no information about negative effects on fetal development.
Use in childhood
Before receiving test results, if a child’s blood pressure sharply decreases due to dehydration, infusions are prescribed at a rate of 20-30 ml/kg. After assessing laboratory parameters, the doctor adjusts the therapy.
Nasal spray with a sodium chloride concentration of 0.9% is contraindicated in children under 2 years of age.
Drug interactions
To increase blood volume, combinations of saline and colloid blood substitutes are used. Sodium chloride is compatible with such drugs.
Mixing with other products must be carried out according to the instructions. It is necessary to visually monitor the compatibility of components.
Analogs
Depending on the method of use, you can purchase varieties and analogues in the pharmacy:
- Sodium chloride Bufus;
- Physiodosis;
- Okusalin;
- Sodium chloride brown;
- Salin;
- Aquamaster.
Substitutions of drugs should be made under the supervision of a doctor, because some analogues contain additional substances that have their own contraindications.
Terms and conditions of storage
Sodium chloride should be stored in a dark, cool place (up to 25 ° C) and out of the reach of children. The shelf life is 2 years, after this time the drug cannot be used.
If a suspension appears in the saline solution or it changes color, the container must be discarded. During transportation, freezing is possible, but the drug must be hermetically sealed.
Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies
Saline solution is a prescription drug.
Sodium chloride is a drug that has long been used in medicine. This saline solution is administered intravenously in the form of droppers and intramuscularly, used for inhalation, etc.
In medicine, sodium chloride is used:
- For intravenous infusion as a sodium solution in the form of a dropper.
- For diluting drugs for injection.
- For disinfecting cuts and wounds.
- For rinsing the nose.
Why droppers with sodium chloride are prescribed and for what conditions it is prescribed is described in detail below.
What it is?
- There are many chemical bioactive compounds dissolved in human blood.
- The concentration of chlorides in the blood plays a big role in the coordinated functioning of all internal systems.
- Chlorides regulate the hydrobalance of plasma and body fluids, normalize acid-base metabolism.
- When the body gets sick, the first thing it reacts to is dehydration.
With extensive dehydration, chlorine and potassium ions are washed out of the body. A decrease in their concentration causes blood thickening, spasms, convulsions of smooth muscles, as well as disruption of the central nervous system, heart and blood vessels.
In this case, a drip with saline sodium chloride solution is usually prescribed.
What does the dropper consist of?
The composition of the saline solution is sodium chloride - a plasma-substituting substance, which is prepared from sodium salts HCl (commonly known as table salt).
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is white crystals, readily soluble in water.
Chlorine in its pure form is poisonous, but is known as an effective disinfectant of various liquids. Chlorine combined with sodium is present in the blood plasma.
The substance enters the body with water and food.
Naturally, the use of sodium chloride in everyday life is limited primarily to cooking.
Therefore, if you drink sodium chloride solution, nothing will happen. There is no need to worry even if the child drank the solution due to the negligence of adults.
Properties of sodium chloride
Sodium chloride saline solution has a rehydrating effect - that is, restoring water balance.
0.9% sodium chloride has the same osmotic pressure as human blood, so it can be quickly excreted.
External use helps remove pus from the wound and eliminate pathological m microflora.
The use of saline solution through intravenous drips increases urine output and replenishes the lack of chlorine and sodium.
Types of saline solution
Saline solution sodium chloride for droppers is currently available in 2 types, differing in the degree of concentration.
Photos (clickable):
Isotonic physiological Nacl 0.9% solution Brown from a German manufacturer is prescribed for:
- Restoration of intracellular plasma lost as a result of prolonged dyspepsia.
- Replenishment of intercellular fluid lost as a result of dehydration.
- Replenishment of ions during intoxication and intestinal obstruction.
- As an external remedy.
- For diluting concentrated drugs.
Hypertonic 3, 5 and 10% sodium chloride solution is used:
- As an external antiseptic.
- For diluting enema solutions.
- Intravenous to replenish fluid during diuresis.
- Infusion to relieve cerebral edema or to increase low blood pressure (particularly with internal bleeding).
- As an anti-edematous agent in ophthalmology.
Sodium chloride solution is sold in ampoules for dissolving drugs for injection and in bottles with a capacity of up to 1 liter for external and enema use, intravenous infusion.
Oral tablets and nasal spray bottles are also produced.
Release form, composition and packaging
Solution for injection 0.9% - 100 ml, sodium chloride 900 mg
- 1 ml - ampoules (10) - cardboard packs.
- 2 ml - ampoules (10) - cardboard packs.
- 5 ml - ampoules (10) - cardboard packs.
- 10 ml - ampoules (10) - cardboard packs.
What is sodium chloride prescribed for?
Saline sodium chloride solution is perhaps the most universal remedy.
Droppers with sodium chloride are used in any complex therapy.
The drug is dripped intravenously for:
- Rapid replenishment of blood volume.
- Urgent restoration of the activity of internal organs in a state of shock.
- Saturation of organs with vital ions.
- Stopping the processes of intoxication and relieving symptoms of poisoning.
In these conditions, urgent use of sodium chloride in droppers is most often prescribed:
- Diarrhea.
- Vomiting.
- Dyspepsia.
- In the presence of extensive burns.
- With cholera.
- When the body is dehydrated.
During pregnancy
Sodium chloride is used to treat severe pathologies in pregnant women.
The saline solution is absolutely harmless to both the woman’s body and the developing fetus.
Typically, sodium chlorine is needed during therapy for pregnant women to dilute medications for a single infusion of up to 400 ml.
If it is necessary to restore blood levels, the amount of saline is increased to 1400 ml.
Sodium chloride is also used for pregnant women:
- In case of severe toxicosis, the saline solution is additionally saturated with vitamins.
- With gestosis.
- During detoxification.
- In the process of complicated childbirth occurring at low blood pressure.
- During cesarean section for women suffering from hypotension.
- To saturate organs with chlorides and vitamins.
The use of saline solution after childbirth during lactation is allowed.
Sodium chloride solution also has contraindications during pregnancy. It should not be used by a pregnant woman:
- With excessive hyperhydration.
- With heart failure.
- During treatment with corticosteroids.
- With pathologies of intracellular fluid circulation.
- With a diagnosed lack of potassium with a simultaneous excess of sodium and chlorine in the body.
For alcohol intoxication
In case of severe poisoning with ethyl alcohol, a person requires qualified medical care, which includes therapeutic measures, as well as droppers with saline sodium chloride solution.
It is the droppers that relieve the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.
Other drugs, such as tablets or suspensions, are usually ineffective, since they are difficult to take due to frequent vomiting.
And the medicine, poured into a vein through a dropper, enters the blood instantly and immediately begins to work.
NaCl combines well with many medications.
A saline solution of sodium chloride can be used to dilute several necessary medications at the same time: vitamins, sedatives, glucose, etc.
When diluting, it is imperative to check compatibility visually, paying attention to whether a precipitate has appeared during the mixing process or whether the color has changed.
Therapy for severe alcohol intoxication is carried out as follows:
- The doctor examines the patient, assessing the severity of his condition.
- Blood pressure and pulse are measured and an ECG is performed.
- The doctor prescribes medications that must be added to the saline solution for administration.
- Droppers are used for 3-4 days.
How is saline solution administered?
Isotonic sodium chloride solution can be administered intravenously and subcutaneously.
For intravenous administration, the dropper warms up to 36-38 degrees.
The volume that should be administered depends on the amount of fluid lost by the body. The person’s weight and age must be taken into account:
- The average daily dose is 500 ml, which must be administered at a rate of 540 ml/hour. In case of severe intoxication, the volume of administered medication per day can reach 3000 ml.
- A volume of 500 ml in emergency cases can be administered at a rate of 70 drops per minute.
Sodium chloride is used in compliance with the principles of sterility.
To prevent air from entering the drip system, the system is first filled with solution.
You cannot stack containers one after the other, as air may get in from the first package.
Medications can be added during an infusion or by injection into the specific area of the package intended for this procedure.
During the administration of sodium chloride, it is necessary to monitor the patient’s well-being, it is necessary to monitor his biological and clinical indicators, and devote time to assessing plasma electrolytes.
Side effects
The drug is well tolerated by patients, however, if it is infused in excess, the following side effects may develop:
- Acidosis.
- Hypokalemia.
- Overhydration.
Sodium chloride analogues
Manufacturers may market sodium chloride solution under different names.
The following analogues of saline solution can be found on sale:
- Aqua-rinosol - spray.
- Aqua-master - spray for irrigation.
- Nazol - spray.
- Bufus for injections.
- Rizosin to moisturize the nasal mucosa.
- Salin to moisturize the nasal passages.
Other isotonic preparations are also produced that have a more physiological composition than saline.
List of solutions for droppers,containing sodium chloride in the composition:
- Ringer.
- Ringer-Locke.
- Krebs-Ringer.
- Ringer-Tirode.
- Disol, Trisol, Acesol, Chlosol.
- Sterofundin isotonic.
For medical purposes the following are used:
1.
Isotonic (physiological) 0.9% solution containing sodium chloride – 9 g, distilled water – up to 1 liter.
2.
Hypertonic 10% solution containing sodium chloride - 100 g, distilled water - up to 1 liter.
Release form
- To dissolve medicinal substances for intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, a 0.9% sodium chloride solution is produced in ampoules of 5, 10, 20 ml.
- For dissolving medications, intravenous drips, enemas and external use: 0.9% sodium chloride solution in bottles of 100, 200, 400 and 1000 ml.
- For intravenous injection and external use: 10% sodium chloride solution in bottles of 200 and 400 ml.
- For oral (inside) administration: tablets 0.9 g. To use, the tablet must be dissolved in 100 ml of boiled warm water.
- For treating the nasal cavity: nasal spray – 10 ml.
pharmachologic effect
Sodium chloride is responsible in the body for maintaining constant pressure in the blood plasma and extracellular fluid. Its required amount enters the body with food. Various pathological conditions (for example, diarrhea, vomiting, extensive burns), accompanied by increased secretion of sodium chloride, provoke a deficiency of sodium and chlorine ions. This leads to thickening of the blood, convulsive muscle contractions, spasms of smooth muscles, dysfunction of the nervous system and blood circulation may develop. Timely introduction of an isotonic solution into the body replenishes the lack of fluid in the body and temporarily restores the water-salt balance. However, due to the same osmotic pressure as blood plasma, the solution is not retained in the vascular bed. After 1 hour, no more than half of the administered amount of the substance remains in the vessels. This explains the insufficient effectiveness of isotonic solution in such severe conditions as blood loss. It has detoxification and plasma-substituting properties.
Hypertonic sodium chloride solution, when administered intravenously, enhances diuresis and replenishes the deficiency of sodium and chloride ions.
Indications for use
Saline solution is used for:- Restoring water balance in case of body dehydration caused by various reasons.
- Maintaining plasma volume during surgery and after.
- Detoxification of the body (food poisoning, dysentery, cholera, etc.).
- Maintaining plasma volume in case of extensive burns, diarrhea, blood loss, diabetic coma.
- Eye rinsing for inflammatory and allergic irritations of the cornea.
- Washing the nasal mucosa for allergic rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, prevention of sinusitis, acute respiratory infections, after removal of polyps and adenoids.
- Inhalation of the respiratory tract (using special devices - inhalers).
Hypertonic solution is used for:
1.
Deficiency of the elements sodium and chlorine.
2.
Dehydration due to various reasons: pulmonary, gastric and intestinal bleeding, burns, vomiting, diarrhea.
3.
Silver nitrate poisoning.
Used as an adjuvant when increased diuresis (increased urine volume) is necessary. It is used externally for antimicrobial treatment of wounds, rectally for enemas for constipation.
Sodium chloride - instructions for use
Isotonic (physiological) sodium chloride solution is administered intravenously and subcutaneously. More often - intravenously. Before use, it is recommended to warm the solution to 36-38 o C. The administered volume depends on the patient’s condition and the amount of fluid lost by the body. The patient's age and body weight are taken into account. The average daily dose is 500 ml (it completely covers the daily need for sodium chloride), the average rate of administration is 540 ml/h. The maximum daily volume of 3000 ml is administered in cases of severe intoxication and dehydration. If necessary, a drip infusion of 500 ml is carried out at a fairly high speed - 70 drops/minute. The dose of the solution for children depends on body weight and age. On average, it ranges from 20 to 100 ml per day per 1 kg of body weight.
With long-term use of large doses of sodium chloride, it is necessary to analyze the content of electrolytes in plasma and urine.
To dilute medications administered by drop method, use 50 to 250 ml of sodium chloride solution per dose of the drug. To determine the rate of administration and dose, they are guided by the recommendations for the main therapeutic drug.
A hypertonic sodium chloride solution is administered intravenously in a stream (slowly), on average 10-30 ml. A 2-5% solution is used for gastric lavage in case of poisoning with silver nitrate, which turns into non-toxic silver chloride. In cases requiring immediate replenishment of sodium and chlorine ions in the body (food poisoning, vomiting), 100 ml of solution is administered dropwise.
For rectal enemas to induce defecation, 100 ml of a 5% solution or 3000 ml/day of an isotonic solution is sufficient. Hypertensive enema is also used for cardiac and renal edema, hypertension and intracranial pressure. Contraindications to it are inflammation and erosion of the lower colon.
Treatment of purulent wounds is carried out in accordance with the treatment regimen. A compress moistened with a solution is applied to a festering wound, abscesses, boils and phlegmons. This causes the death of microorganisms and the separation of pus from the problem area.
To treat the nasal mucosa, you can use a nasal spray, a ready-made isotonic solution, or a solution obtained by dissolving a tablet.
The solution is instilled after clearing the nasal cavity of mucus. When instilling into the left nostril, the head should be tilted to the right and slightly tilted back. In the case of the right nostril, it’s the opposite. Adult dose - 2 drops in the right and left nostril, children from one year - 1-2 drops, up to one year - 1 drop 3-4 times a day, for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes. The average course of therapy is 21 days.
Rinsing the nasal cavity is carried out in a lying position. Adults can use a syringe for this procedure. After the procedure, you need to stand up to clear your nose of thin mucus and restore breathing.
To effectively inject the spray, you need to take a shallow breath through your nose, and then lie down for a few minutes with your head thrown back. Adults are prescribed 2 doses, children over 2 years old - 1-2 doses 3-4 times a day.
Sodium chloride inhalations are used to treat colds. To do this, mix equal amounts of an isotonic solution with bronchodilators (Lazolvan, Ambroxol, Tussamag, Gedelix). The duration of the procedure for adults is 10 minutes, for children – 5-7 minutes 3 times a day.
To relieve attacks of allergic cough and bronchial asthma, an isotonic solution is added to drugs that dilate the bronchi (Berodual, Berotek, Ventolin).
Sodium chloride 10 - instructions for use
Hypertonic sodium chloride solution is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid with a very salty taste. The solution for intravenous administration must be sterile, securely packaged, free from foreign impurities, sediment, crystals and turbidity. To prepare the solution yourself, dissolve 4 level tablespoons of salt in 1 liter of boiled warm water. The solution is used for enemas.
Sodium chloride 9 - instructions for use
Isotonic sodium chloride solution is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid with a slightly salty taste. Ampoules and bottles must be free of cracks and breaks. The solution is sterile, without foreign impurities, sediment, crystals and turbidity. Instructions for preparing saline solution at home:
A teaspoon (heaped) of ordinary table salt is stirred in 1 liter of boiled warm water. Since the prepared solution is not sterilized, its shelf life is one day. This solution is suitable for inhalation, enemas, rinsing and topical use. Strictly contraindicated for intravenous or intramuscular administration, treatment of eyes and open wounds. Before each use, the required amount of solution is warmed to room temperature. Home preparation of saline solution is justified only in extreme cases, when it is impossible to visit the pharmacy.
Contraindications
Isotonic (physiological) sodium chloride solution is contraindicated in the following cases:- increased content of sodium ions in the body;
- increased content of chlorine ions in the body;
- lack of potassium;
- circulatory fluid disorders, with the possibility of cerebral and pulmonary edema;
- acute heart failure;
- intracellular dehydration;
- extracellular excess fluid;
- treatment with significant doses of corticosteroids.
Contraindications for hypertonic solution: injection under the skin or into muscles is strictly prohibited. When the solution comes into contact with tissues, fluid passes from the cells into the solution. Cells, losing water, shrink and die from dehydration. This is how necrosis (death) of tissue occurs.
Side effects
When the solution is administered intravenously, local reactions may occur: a burning sensation and hyperemia at the site of application.With prolonged use of the drug, symptoms of intoxication of the body are possible:
- discomfort in the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, diarrhea;
- disorders of the nervous system: lacrimation, constant thirst, anxiety, sweating, dizziness, headache, weakness;
- arterial hypertension, rapid heartbeat and pulse;
- menstrual irregularities;
- excess fluid content in the body or its parts (edema), which indicates a pathological shift in water-salt metabolism;
- acidosis – a shift in the body’s acid-base balance towards increased acidity;
- hypokalemia – a decrease in potassium content in the body’s blood.
Sodium chloride during pregnancy
It is believed that the body's daily sodium requirement is about 4-5 grams. However, during pregnancy this value must be reduced to a minimum. Excess sodium in the food consumed leads to fluid retention in the body, resulting in increased blood density and blood pressure. This further leads to severe swelling (preeclampsia). Constantly monitoring the sodium chloride content in food will help avoid edema. It is impossible to do without this important microelement, since it is necessary for the normal functioning of all intracellular and intercellular processes, maintaining a constant salt balance and osmotic pressure not only for the mother, but also for the child.
The main source of sodium chloride for a pregnant woman is ordinary table salt, which consists of 99.85 of this important element. To reduce your sodium chloride intake, you can use low-sodium salt. This salt additionally contains potassium and magnesium salts.
Consumption of iodized salt will provide the required dose of iodine, a microelement that affects the stability of pregnancy.
Physiological sodium chloride solution is used intravenously in pregnant women under the following conditions:
1.
Preeclampsia (increased concentration of sodium in the blood plasma) with severe swelling.
2.
Medium and severe stages of toxicosis.
Interaction with other drugs
Sodium chloride is compatible with almost all medications. This determines its use for dissolving and diluting drugs. During the process, visual control of their compatibility is necessary (absence of sediment, flakes, crystal formation and color change).The drug norepinephrine, which is stable in an acidic environment, is poorly compatible with the neutral environment of sodium chloride.
Simultaneous administration with corticosteroids requires constant monitoring of the level of electrolytes in the blood.
The hypotensive effect of the drugs Enalapril and Spirapril is reduced when taking sodium chloride drugs.
The leukopoiesis stimulator Filgrastim and sodium chloride are incompatible.
Before use, you should consult a specialist.To speed up recovery during a cold, saline sodium chloride solution is often used for inhalation through a nebulizer. Pharmaceutical saline solution, due to its properties, is one of the most common products that are used as a basis for inhalation with the addition of medications, as well as in its pure form. A special feature of the substance is the possibility of its use for the treatment of diseases at any age, starting from the first years of life, as well as during pregnancy.
The saline solution used is 0.9% normal saline solution. It received its physiological definition due to the content of sodium chloride in the same amount as in the composition of human blood. Sodium chloride is an important substance that is found in all fluids and tissues of the human body, and is an integral component of every cell. Salt maintains the osmotic pressure in the body tissues necessary for their proper functioning.
The saline solution from the pharmacy is essentially a sterile 0.9% salt solution that is made by diluting sodium chloride (common table salt) with purified (distilled) water. Saline solution is widely used in medicine for various purposes, from cleansing the body with enemas to diluting medications in a sodium chloride solution for inhalation or invasive therapy. Due to its similarity to human blood, saline solution is an excellent basis for dissolving medications.
How does sodium chloride solution work during inhalation?
Saline solution of sodium chloride moisturizes the mucous membrane of the larynx, nasopharynx and mouth, which stimulates the rapid separation and discharge of sputum, mucus, purulent accumulations from the pharynx, oral cavity and small bronchi. Reduces the manifestations of catarrhal effects, for a short period of time increases the secretion of liquid bronchial secretions.
By preventing the mucous membranes from drying out, it helps reduce the manifestations of unpleasant symptoms accompanying the disease, such as cough, sore throat, burning, poor sputum discharge.
At the same time, contact of saline solution and mucous membranes does not cause negative consequences, such as irritation or allergies, since the product is perceived by the body as its own natural liquid.
For what diseases is it used?
According to the instructions, a physical solution of sodium chloride is used for inhalation during the development of the following colds and respiratory diseases:
- with varying degrees of severity;
- at ;
- during laryngitis;
- at ;
- during attacks;
- with bronchiectasis;
- during the development of a pathological condition of the lungs and other ailments affecting the respiratory system.
Therapy with saline solution through a nebulizer is considered the most effective in the treatment of diseases affecting the lungs and bronchi, while the treatment of diseases of the nasopharynx is less effective. This is due to the fact that when medicinal vapor is inhaled, small particles settle directly in the deep parts of the lungs and do not linger on the walls of the respiratory tract. Penetrating into the respiratory system, the medicine has a thinning effect on mucus and stimulates its elimination, improves coughing and softens the mucous tissues of the respiratory tract.
What can you mix with? Do you use pure saline solution?
Saline solution is used in various types of nebulizers. The devices can be compressor or ultrasonic, and the sodium chloride solution can be used as a base for medications, as well as as the only component of inhalation, that is, in undiluted form.
To carry out therapy through a nebulizer with saline in the development of diseases affecting the bronchi and lungs, the following drugs can be used:
- dilating bronchi - Berodual, Berotek, Atrovent. These medications are used for bronchial asthma and are prescribed to prevent and relieve attacks;
- diluting sputum and removing it - Fluimucil, Lazolvan, ACC Inject, Mucaltin, Ambrobene, Gedelix. Used for coughs accompanying the development of bronchitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis and other diseases;
- anti-inflammatory – infusion of propolis, eucalyptus and calendula;
- antiseptic and antibacterial agents – dioxidin, gentamicin, chlorophyllipt;
- Relieving swelling - naphthyzin and adrenaline.
In addition, sodium chloride saline solution is quite often used as a pure solution, as it also has antibacterial properties. This allows it to have a beneficial effect on inflammation, reducing its manifestations. Also, sodium chloride in its natural form facilitates expectoration, as it moisturizes the mucous membranes.
Instructions for inhalation with saline solution - dosage, how much is needed, how to do it?
As a rule, the inhalation process must follow the following sequence:
- it is necessary to carry out the inhalation procedure with saline solution with the addition of;
- after 20 minutes, carry out the inhalation procedure using a medication aimed at liquefying sputum and its further separation and removal from the body;
- after the patient coughs and the sputum comes out, at the end of the procedure, inhalation with an antibacterial medication can be done.
At the same time, do not forget that the drugs and the nebulizer inhalation therapy itself must be prescribed by your doctor.
Only the attending physician can select the correct medications and provide detailed recommendations on the treatment and preparation of the medicinal solution
The inhalation process itself requires compliance with certain rules:
- the optimal solution temperature is 37-40 degrees Celsius;
- Inhalation should be carried out between meals, at least 1 hour before meals and 1 hour after;
- inhalation and exhalation of inhaled steam must be done through the mouth;
- breathing through the nose is indicated only for the treatment of inflammation in the nasopharynx and sinuses;
- breathing during inhalation should be of a normal rhythm, not deep and even;
- if the treatment is aimed at the bronchi and lungs, then it is necessary to inhale the drugs deeply, holding your breath for a short period of time after inhaling.
Inhalations using sodium chloride solution can be carried out for 7-10 days. This period will be enough to reduce acute symptoms, as well as improve general condition. For one inhalation procedure, it is necessary to use 2-5 ml of saline solution, to which, if necessary, a drug with a specific therapeutic effect is added according to the instructions.
Rules for inhalation through a nebulizer
In order for the process of inhalation through a nebulizer to bring maximum effect, you must adhere to some rules:
- It is forbidden to talk during inhalation with saline solution; it is also not recommended to talk or go out into the fresh air for 1 hour after completion of the process;
- inhale medicinal vapors should be gently, relaxed without overexertion; inhalations are made only through the mouth, with a short pause before exhaling;
- the maximum procedure time should not exceed 10 minutes for adult patients and 2 minutes for young children;
- Upon completion of the inhalation process, the nebulizer container must be thoroughly rinsed from drug residues and dried.
Before starting the inhalation process, it is necessary to disinfect the medicine container.
Inhalation with saline solution during pregnancy
Unfortunately, pregnant women are not 100% protected from colds, even with preventive measures. Infections in the body can harm not only the expectant mother, but also her baby. Therefore, it is necessary to promptly treat even the mildest ailments. Unfortunately, during the period of bearing a child, the use of many medications is contraindicated for a woman, which aggravates the problem.
But, you can use sodium chloride saline solution during pregnancy, due to its complete identity with blood in composition. can be performed if you develop a cough, sore throat, runny nose, sore throat and dry mouth. To use saline solution as a base for a drug, you must first consult with a specialist in order to avoid the negative effects of drug therapy on the body of the mother and child. Self-medication can have serious consequences and is therefore strictly prohibited.
Duration of nebulizer treatment for cough in children
A nebulizer is an excellent tool for inhalation in childhood, especially in the first years of life. To ensure the maximum effect of therapy in childhood, it is necessary to adhere to certain dosages and duration of treatment.
The duration depends primarily on the age of the child. For babies in the first two years of life, inhalation with saline solution through a nebulizer should not exceed 2 minutes, 1-2 times a day, with a maximum amount of solution of 1 ml. Children aged 2 years and older can undergo therapy for 3-7 minutes, but no more than 10 minutes in several sessions.
The duration of the general course of therapy depends on the specific disease and medications used; the maximum duration of treatment should not exceed 10 days. The number of inhalations per day can vary depending on the general condition of the child from 2 to 4 times a day. In the initial stage, it is recommended to carry out 4 procedures per day, and when the condition improves, up to 2 times a day.
The instructions for preparing a medicinal solution based on sodium chloride are identical to the preparation of an inhaled solution for use by adults, with the only difference being that the amount of the drug must be added according to the instructions, strictly observing the proportions for children.
Storage rules after opening - how long can you store open?
Sodium chloride saline solution must be stored at low temperatures, preferably in the refrigerator. When opening the ampoule of the drug, the storage duration should not exceed 24 hours. To extend the shelf life of the physical solution, it is purchased in glass bottles of different sizes with a rubber stopper, which can be easily pierced with a syringe and a needle and the required amount of the drug drawn out. It is important to be careful when opening glass containers (ampoules) to avoid glass fragments getting into the solution.
Contraindications and side effects
Despite the consistency of the composition of saline solution with the composition of blood, its use has a number of contraindications and special cases of use. Thus, inhalation with saline solution of sodium chloride is strictly prohibited for:
Despite the ease of the inhalation process and general safety, self-treatment is unacceptable. Only the attending physician can prescribe therapy and indicate the required dosages. Not every disease affecting the respiratory system can be treated by resorting to inhalation with saline and medications. With excessive use of inhalations, some side effects may occur, expressed as a burning sensation in the area affected by saline solution with drugs.
How to replace saline solution?
Saline solution is one of the most accessible means used as a basis for inhalation, as well as in the form of a pure solution. But if necessary, it can be replaced with products with similar properties:
- Salin;
- AquaMaster;
- Aqua-Rinosol;
- Risostine;
- AquaMarin and others.
In addition, you can make saline solution at home yourself. To do this you will need:
- prepare purified water, which must be boiled and cooled;
- pour 100 ml of cooled boiled water into the container;
- add 0.9 grams of sea or table salt;
- the resulting solution must be thoroughly stirred and left for some time to completely dissolve the salt;
- pour the prepared solution into a clean glass container, previously sterilized.
If you don’t have a measuring container or glass and scales at hand, you can independently make the correct solution in a slightly larger volume. To do this, add 1 teaspoon of table salt to 1 liter of prepared water. Or simply replace the saline solution with alkaline mineral water, which is similar in composition to saline solution.
(in other words - saline solution) is a solution of sodium chloride NaCl. We will discuss it in detail, as well as how it is made and why it is used, in our article.
How is saline solution made?
Saline solution, the composition of which does not contain many components, is produced in production in huge quantities. In the process of creating this medical product, salts are added to distilled water in a certain order. And only when the previous component has completely dissolved, the next one is added.
To prevent the formation of a precipitate in the solution, carbon dioxide is passed through the sodium bicarbonate. It is customary to add glucose last. The container in which the saline solution is prepared is of particular importance. Its composition contains many elements necessary for the body, but there are no metals among them, since they negatively affect the vital functions of tissues. Therefore, it is especially important that saline solution is prepared only in glass containers.
What is saline solution needed for?
In general, this solution is actively used in medicine. It is used for:
- dehydration of the body (drips);
- dilution of various medications;
- in emergency cases, the solution acts as a blood substitute.
It is also used for:
- injections and droppers;
- washing contact lenses;
- and also as an antimicrobial agent.
For medicine, saline solution is an almost irreplaceable thing, since all droppers in medical institutions are made on its basis: medications are diluted with it to achieve the required concentration. Injections, especially vitamins, are most often also given with saline solution, which softens the effect of the drug and makes the injection less painful.
What is the product used for at home?
The saline solution, the composition of which is indicated on the bottle, can always be freely purchased at the pharmacy. It can also be used at home, for example, for rinsing the nose. This substance can perfectly replace some expensive nasal sprays, and the effect will be exactly the same as after using expensive drugs.
In medicine, there are several types of saline solution, the compositions of which, depending on the purpose of use, may differ slightly from each other. The composition is not of fundamental importance, since this procedure can be performed using any version of the product, but it is best to take a 0.9% concentration. Rinsing the nose with saline is, in fact, a mechanical cleaning of the mucous membrane.
It is not difficult to do the procedure yourself. To do this, you need to tilt your head forward so that the openings of the nasal passages are parallel to the floor. This pose is very important. The head must be held in this way to prevent the solution from entering the auditory tubes. Afterwards you need to suck in some liquid through your nose. During a runny nose, saline solution, the composition of which is absolutely safe and brings only benefits to the body, will help clear the nose and make breathing easier.
Using saline solution for inhalation
Often this adjuvant is used for inhalation. For this, in addition to the solution itself, you will need a special device - an inhaler (nebulizer). The essence of this process is that a medicine diluted with saline solution is injected into the inhaler. Through a special nozzle, the patient inhales this medical product (prescribed drug), which has the required effect on the body. This procedure also allows you to moisturize the surface of the mucous membrane.
The composition of the saline solution for inhalation is not particularly important; you can use any one - sterile or not, and also take it in any proposed concentration (from 0.5 to 0.9%). Inhalations using saline solution are very effective. They are especially often prescribed to young children during colds. The procedure allows you not only to cope with illness, but also to prevent it if you do inhalations for prevention.
Droppers using saline solution
As we already mentioned, most IVs in hospitals are done using saline solution. By diluting the drug with it, you can achieve the desired concentration of the administered drug. The composition of the saline solution for droppers is indicated on the bottle with this drug (as a rule, a 0.9% aqueous solution of sodium chloride is used, it is also called isotonic). It is already in the concentration required for its use. It must be sterile, that is, the use of the drug with damaged packaging is prohibited. Droppers of saline solution are prescribed to thin the blood and eliminate swelling. If necessary, this remedy is combined with other medications. We hope our article answered in detail the question of what saline solution is and why it is used.
